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Additional file 1: Table S1. Detailed information on influenza in the selected countries (listed by latitude).

Additional file 2: Figure S1. Seasonality patterns of influenza A and influenza B in countries of temperate climate and of tropical or subtropical climate, from 2010 to 2017.

Of 5587 operations for congenital heart disease that we performed between January 1976 and December 1993, 2085 were for correction of ventricular septal defects. Paramembranous, muscular, and atrioventricular canal types were repaired through a right atrial incision, whereas subpulmonary and conus type defects were repaired through a pulmonary artery incision. Circulatory arrest under deep hypothermia was used for patients under 2 years of age or with body weight of less than 10 kg. There were 48 postoperative deaths. The overall mortality was 2.3% and it was related to the age and weight of the patients. The age at which surgical repair was undertaken depended on the position and size of the defect and the degree of intracardiac shunt. Patients with associated pulmonary hypertension underwent surgery before 2 years of age. Early repair of subpulmonary ventricular defects is recommended to prevent aortic insufficiency resulting from valve prolapse. The keys to successful repair were avoidance of a right ventricular incision, improvement of right ventricular function, and postoperative management of pulmonary hypertension. The operative mortality was reduced from 10.14% in the 1970s to 6.43% in the early 1980s by improvements in surgical procedure and postoperative management with a further reduction to 1.25% in recent years, which we attribute partly to the use of a hollow fiber membrane oxygenator.

Based on the Kirchhoff approximation and the theoretical analysis of the random light fields, the speckle intensity distributions in the extremely deep Fresnel diffraction region are simulated. The fractal property of the speckles as well as the relation between the speckle intensity distribution and the corresponding random surface is investigated. We design a microscope system to detect experimentally the speckles in the extremely deep Fresnel diffraction region, and the experimental results prove the conclusions drawn from our simulations.