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Correlation between the sorption and desorption of nonylphenol (NP) and binary linear regression were conducted to reveal the underlying mechanism of and relation between sorption domains and desorption sites in black carbon (BC)-amended sediment. The sorption and desorption data could be fitted well using dual-mode (R(2) = 0.971-0.996) and modified two-domain model (R(2) = 0.986-0.995), respectively, and there were good correlations between these two parts of parameters (R(2) = 0.884-0.939, P 0.01). The NP percentage in desorbable fraction was almost equal to that of the partition fraction, suggesting the desorbed NP came from linear partition domain, whereas the resistant desorption NP was segregated in nonlinear adsorption sites, which were dominated by pores in BC-amended sediment. Our investigation refined theory about the relation between sorption domains and desorption sites in sediment and could be used to predict the release risk of NP using sorption data when BC is used for NP pollution control.

Carbon black supported ultra-high loading silver nanoparticle catalyst (Ag/CB) was prepared by a modified ethylene glycol reduction method, using ethylene glycol as the reducing agent and sodium hydroxide as the pH adjusting agent. The X-ray diffraction, thermogravimetry and scanning electron microscopy characterizations showed that the Ag nanoparticles crystallized with a face-centered cubic structure and were densely stacked on the CB surface without aggregation, despite such a small average size (ca. 10 nm) and an ultra-high loading mass (392 wt.%). The electrochemical evaluation based on cyclic voltammetry, chronoamperometry and polarization tests revealed that the ultra-high loading Ag/CB catalyst possessed a superior electrocatalytic activity for the oxidation of hydrazine, via a diffusion-limited process and a 4-electron transfer pathway. Moreover, the chronoamperometry response on an electrode modified with this ultra-high loading Ag/CB catalyst exhibited a promising application for determination of hydrazine, due to a broad linear calibration ranging from 50 to 800 μM, a high sensitivity of 0.03795 μA/μM and a low detection limit of 3.47 μM.

Global warming poses a great threat to wetland ecological stability and water quality improvement. In this paper, we sampled six types of wetlands representing different kinds of land utilisation around the TaiHu Lake Basin in southeast China. An outdoor computerized microcosm was set up in May 2008 to simulate climate scenarios of ambient temperature (control) and a warmed ambient temperature (+5 °C) using a novel minute-scale daily and seasonal temperature manipulation technology. The 18-month incubation indicated that warming impaired the ecological sink of sediment (fixing P from porewater) while strengthening the role of the ecological source, moreover, the rate of P release from sediment into porewater (19–113% for total phosphorus) was much stronger than from top sediment into overlying water. Warming enhanced the activity of neutral and alkaline phosphatases for P-deficient wetland sediments and neutral phosphatases for P-rich sediments, at the 14th month of incubation. A significant increase in total phospholipid fatty acids (PLFAs) occurred under warming in sediments with relatively low levels of PLFAs, but bacterial abundance in the sediment biomass tended to decrease (18%) along with an increase (4·5%) of the fungi-to-bacteria ratio. The variations of carbon consumption and availability indicated by measured dissolved organic carbon in sediment may have contributed to P release from sediments to water. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

HVAC systems seldom perform as intended under the original design concept. As a qualityoriented process, commissioning should be conducted regularly or continuously throughout the building lifecycle. Considering labor, time and cost consumed by manual commissioning, automatic commissioning is more competent for lifecycle commissioning. This paper investigates existing techniques for implementing automatic commissioning. It is found that, although many efforts have been put into developing automatic commissioning techniques, sensor validation was always overlooked. Accurate sensor measurements are prerequisite to reliable commissioning. This paper presents a diagnostic tool for automatic commissioning of sensors in typical air-handling units (AHU). The diagnostic tool implements a robust sensor fault detection and diagnosis (FDD) strategy based on the Principal Component Analysis (PCA) method. The diagnostic tool is integrated in a real BAS for automatic commissioning of AHU sensors in a simulated building...

Under the policy background of undergraduate transformation and development, the transformation and development of specialties is a strategy of partial transformation for local undergraduate normal universities. The electronic information specialty in Hubei Normal University has made valuable preliminary exploration in the fusion of production and education, university-enterprise cooperation, innovation and entrepreneurship, the practical training base and the construction of "double-qualified teacher", such as the founding of "project studio", "science and technology enterprise incubator" and "the studentowned companies ". These measures have laid a solid foundation for the priority transformation and development of the specialty clusters, and it can be used as a reference for the transformation and development pilot of local undergraduate normal universities. KEYWORD: The transformation of specialty; University-enterprise cooperation; The fusion of production and education; Project Studio; The student-owned companies International Conference on Social Science, Education Management and Sports Education (SSEMSE 2015) © 2015. The authors Published by Atlantis Press 2251 2.2 The Transformation Pilot Strategy Normal universities have certain characteristics and advantages, and years’ of school-running history and rich experience. These must be kept, and their subjectivity must be unshakable. But the normal and non-normal enrollment rate can be cut appropriately. The existing teaching programs must be done properly on the premise of maintaining the statuesque temporarily, but attention must be paid to the engineering professional cluster transformation, which is closely combined with the local economy and society, and explore the transformation and development path for the local normal colleges of non-normal professional transformation of cluster development path, in preparation for the overall transformation. 3 THE EXPLORATION ON THE TRANSFORMATION AND DEVELOPMENT PATH OF SPECIALTY CLUSTERS The transformation of local undergraduate colleges and universities should achieve the transformation of concept and model. Schooling concept includes: firstly, colleges and universities should link school running with economic and social development. Secondly, applied talents should be cultivated with a view to employment and professional development of colleges. Thirdly, the survival and development of colleges and universities is becoming more and more restricted by economic and social demand and supply. For the transformation and development path of specialty clusters, the specialty cluster of electronic information in Hubei Normal University has exploited a lot as follows: 3.1 Seeking for cooperation between university and enterprise and establishing the committee of specialty cluster transformation development and teaching instruction Our cooperation between university and enterprise has certain basis. In order to adapt to the needs of transitional development, we have deepened the cooperation with industries and enterprises and established close relationship with many industries and enterprises, such as Huangshi Municipal Commission of Economy and Information Technology, Huangshi Communications Authority, Huangshi digital mall, Hengyingchao Science and Technology Ltd. in Hubei, and conducted an indepth corporate research about personnel training elements including types of personnel training, post vocational skills requirements, curriculum provision, practice curriculum system, professional certificate, special credit and training base concerning electronic information, follow-up discussion, amending and writing of this training program, and absorbs the full participation of members in industries and enterprises in order to be observant and alert instead of teachers’ acting blindly. To enhance the mechanism of industries and enterprises’ participation in educational transformation, the specialty cluster transformation development and teaching instruction committee has been established, in which among 19 members, 9 members come from local government and industries, employers and other partners, accounting for 47%. 3.2 Combining production and education, and focusing on cultivating students’ practical ability, innovation and entrepreneurship ability and professional skills As early as in 2006, we realized the malpractice of emphasizing theory but underestimating practice in talent training, then we abandoned the traditional practice teaching mode and established “project studio system” with features of modern apprenticeship to cultivate students' practical ability, innovation and entrepreneurship ability and vocational skills. Combining studio system with project system, "taking the project as the carrier, the studio as a platform" and taking the best points of the two sides can not only highlight the high efficiency of project management mechanism, but also bring fresh and practical content to studio, develop the engineering advantage of doubleprofessionally-titled teachers and cultivate preparatory engineer with strong manipulative ability and high creativity. Faculty advisers are recruited and selected from enterprises and universities, who are in the charge of one or many teachers with strong professional ability and corporate background, guide students to use real or virtual engineering project as carrier and implement activities including project developing, science and technology inventions making, discipline competition, application of science and technology project, Challenge Cup training and college students’ innovative and entrepreneurial ability. Project studio has helped to provide engineering project development for students majoring in electronic information, to provide students platform to learn, communicate and grow up as well as to show their talents, to enhance professional core ability and engineering practice ability, and to cultivate applied technology and skill talents enjoying great popularity in enterprises, realizing the seamless joint work post. The “mentoring system” is carried out interiorly among students, worshipping “let those who can serve as teachers”, and proselytizing instructs dispelling doubt. The advanced help the junior and the seniors help the freshmen, cultivating students’ professional ability and comprehensive quality in

Objective: The purpose of this study was to evaluate cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) expression in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) and its correlation with clinicopathologic features, angiogenesis, and prognosis. Methods: The expressions of COX-2 and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and microvascular density (MVD) were determined with immunohistochemical methods in eighty-six NPC patients followed up over 5 years. Results: Sixty-three tumors (73.3%) were classified as COX-2 positive. COX-2 expression was positively related to VEGF expression (r=0.438, P

Two major approaches exist for mitigating CO2 emission in east China (including Jiangsu province, Zhejiang province, and Shanghai City, also called JZS district). One is to raise the efficiency of energy use and conserve energy. The other is to gradually change the structure of the energy system, that is, to advocate the use of alternative energy, such as hydropower, solar energy, wind energy, and biomass, and in the meantime decrease the use of fossil fuels. The latter approach will be studied in this paper for the JZS district. The use of renewable energy is very small, less than 0.5% of the total energy supply in 1990 (except for the now available hydraulic power generation, which accounts for 5.5% of the total energy supply today). It is estimated that the use of renewable energy will reach 5.78 Mtce, 2.8% of the total energy supply, in 2000. The use of renewable energy will reduce CO2 emissions by 15.3 Mt, 5.6% of the emission level in 1990. By 2010, the use of renewable energy will reach 18.75 Mtce,...

The increasing concentration of CO{sub 2} and other greenhouse gases (GHG) in the atmosphere can warm up the earth`s surface and cause drastic changes to the climate. This paper has prepared an inventory of GHG emissions from energy consumption activities in the iron and steel industry in East china. (The region comprises two provinces, Jiangsu and Zehjiang, and one municipality, Shanghai.) The emission were measured in 1990 following the conventions set in IPCC Guidelines (1995). Energy consumption by the iron and steel industry and GHG emissions (including CO{sub 2}, CH{sub 4}, and N{sub 2}O) inventory data are further analyzed and evaluated. As can be seen from the statistics in this paper, solid fuel is the main type of fuel consumed by the iron and steel industry in East China; this type of fuel accounts for 86.8%, while liquid fuels and gas fuels account for only 12.6% and 0.6% of the total energy consumption, respectively. Accordingly, GHG emissions from the combustion of solid fuels are highest, while those from gas fuels are minimal. The energy consumption and GHG emissions by the iron and steel industry accounts for a large percentage, about 7.86%, of the total GHG emissions in this district. Thismore » paper also discusses available mitigation appropriate to the energy consumption and GHG emissions by the iron and steel industry in East China.« less

This paper contains an inventory of greenhouse emissions from energy-consuming activities in Jiangsu Province in 1990, following the conventions set in IPCC Guidelines (1995). The inventory data are further analyzed and evaluated. The CO 2 emissions from energy consumption activities are: 53.7 % from the sector of indus tries; 28.4 % from the sector of energy production and transformation; 3.0 % from transportation;13.8 % from small combustion, and 1.0 % from others.

This paper has attempted to do a statistical analysis of the inventory of greenhouse gas emissions from Jiangsu province in 1990, based on the methods provided in IPCC Guidelines (1995), hereby to investigate and evaluate the present situation of emissions of GHGs such as CO2, CH4 from the energy sector, industries, and agriculture. The study has found the annual per capita GHG emissions as follows: CO2, 1.97 ton/person; CH4, 22.65 kg person-1; N2O, 0.11 kg person-1. The emission levels are close to the national average, and half of the world average. Energy consumption activities, among other activities, is the main source of CO2 emission in Jiangsu province, which accounts for 91.6% of the total emission. The emission of CH4 can be traced mainly to the cultivation of rice, which accounts for 44.1% of the emission.

Dialdehydes were prepared by the reaction between cyclic olefins and aqueous hydrogen peroxide catalyzed by tungstic acid. Glutaraldehyde and adipaldegyde were synthesized by this method with good yield. Several different conditions were tested.

CO 2 is a significant greenhouse gas. CO 2 emissions result mainly from energy consumption, which is closely related to the rate of economic development, efficiency of energy use and the structure of the energy-supply system. We estimate CO 2 emissions in Shanghai for 1990 and 2010 and compare our results for Shanghai with those of other regions in the world. There exists a large CO 2 reduction potential for Shanghai.

Objective This study focused on the exploratory development of the safety and feasibility of min-invasive surgical device closure of different types of perimembranous ventricular septal defects (PMVSDs) in children and the clinical value and criteria in assessment and guidance by echocardiography, including transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) and multiplane transesophageal echocardiography (MTEE). Methods We enrolled 730 children from our hospital to participate in the study from April 2010 to November 2012. All these children were diagnosed as PMVSDs by TTE and underwent full evaluation, such as the sizes, types, spatial positions of the defects as well as the relationship with the adjacent tissures. Through overall assessment by TTE and MTEE, the sizes and types of occluders were determined. Then the domestic device was inserted to occlude the PMVSDs under the guidance of MTEE. If the closure was unsatisfactory, the occluder would be changed or the patient would be transformed to open-heart surgery. More than 2 years of follow-ups were made after successful occlusion. Results 690 of the 730 children underwent min-invasive surgical device closure successfully, with a 94.55% success rate. Symmetric devices were used in 576 children (A 4 B 2 occluders were used in 33 children, and common symmetric devices were used in others) and asymmetric devices were used in 115 children. 40 children were transformed to open heart surgery under cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) after failed attempt of occlusion. All patients received follow-ups at regular intervals in more than two and a half years after operation. The occluders had stayed firmly and echoed clearly. No noticeable residual shunt or valve regurgitation were discovered except for 1 child, whose original mild aortic regurgitation aggravated to nearly moderate in the follow-up of 18 th month. Also, there were no significant arrhythmia detected except two children had sudden attack with Adame-Strokes syndrome 2 and 6 days after operation respectively. Conclusions Min-invasive surgical device closure of PMVSDs without cardiopulmonary bypass is mostly safe and feasible. Echocardiography (including TTE and MTEE) plays a vital role and provides relatively accurate and reliable basis in all stages by helping screen cases preoperatively, guiding in placing the occluder intraoperatively, and evaluating therapeutic efficacy postoperatively. The clinical criteria in assessment and guidance by echocardiography are basically reliable. MTEE is more accurate in evaluating the defects, such as the shape and size which is important in determining the right occluder.

Objective This study was aimed to evaluate the feasibility, safety and efficacy of transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) and transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) guided endovascular graft exclusion (EVGE) for the treatment of Stanford B aortic dissection. Methods In 11 patients with Stanford B aortic dissection, TEE and TTE were used to determine the parameters for pre-surgery diagnosis and selection of a coated stent. During surgery, TEE and TTE provided real-time and dynamic monitoring and guiding for precise implantation of the coated stent to effectively seal the tear of the aortic dissection. After surgery, clinical efficacy and potential side effects of the implantation of the coated stent were evaluated. Results In all 11 patients, the coated stent was successfully implanted and morphologic and hemodynamic defects were corrected. Follow-up examinations performed at 1 year post-surgery showed neither displacement nor morphologic alternation of the implanted stent. An improvement of cardiac function and blood supply was observed. There was no main ductus arteriosus perforation or hematoma, vital organ failure, paraplegia or endoleak. Conclusions In our study with a limited number of patients, TEE and TTE guided EVGE treatment of Stanford B aortic dissection was safe and efficacious with reduced risk of complications. As echocardiography is real-time, dynamic, noninvasive, reproducible, non-radioactive and contrast media damage free, TEE and TTE guided EVGE offers a novel and viable clinical approach for the treatment of Stanford B aortic dissection.