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This study aimed to clarify the frequency of visits (FOV) to Tomioka town, Japan, and related factors among evacuees more than a decade after the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant accident. A questionnaire survey was conducted on residents (age ≥ 18 years) who had residence cards in August 2021. Of the 2260 respondents, the FOV to Tomioka was as follows: 926 (41.0%) more than twice a year (Group 1 [G1]), 841 (37.2%) once a year (G2) and 493 (21.8%) no visits (G3). About 70% of the respondents who had decided not to return to Tomioka visited once a year or more. No significant differences in the FOV or radiation risk perception were found between groups. Multinomial logistic regression analysis using G3 as a reference revealed independent associations between living inside Fukushima in G1 (odds ratio [OR] = 5.4, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 4.1–7.3; P

Mingzhu Jin,1 Xiao Xu2 1Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, Fourth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, People’s Republic of China; 2Department of Ophthalmology, Third Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, People’s Republic of ChinaCorrespondence: Xiao Xu, Email 13623345@qq.comIntroduction: Secondary to war wounds, trauma, etc., hypertrophic scar formation is the cause of an excessive proliferation of fibroblasts and accumulation of collagen fibers, which might affect cosmetic appearance, and could cause malignant transformation. miRNAs play an important role in disease regulation via inhibiting post-transcriptional protein translation by targeting and binding to the 3’ UTR region of mRNA. Here we explore the mechanism and interventions of scar formation from the perspective of miRNA.Methods: Hypertrophic scar-associated differential miRNAs were screened by analyzing sequencing data of normal skin and hypertrophic scar, and verified by RT-qPCR. Signaling pathways that may be influenced by differentially miRNAs were analyzed using KEGG and GO. miRNA mimics were used to explore the effects of miRNAs on SMAD signaling pathway proteins. Dual-luciferase assays were used to explore the targeted binding of miRNAs. The mimics of the miRNA were used to explore the impact of miRNAs on the proliferation, migration, apoptosis and collagen synthesis levels of hypertrophic scar fibroblasts. The scar model of rabbit ear was used to verify the influence of miRNA on wound healing and scar formation in vivo.Results: Expression of miR-182-5p was found to be considerably decreased in hypertrophic scars and fibroblasts. miR-182-5p was found to act mainly by targeting the 3’UTR region of SMAD4, but not SMAD1 or SMAD3. miR-182-5p overexpression may drastically suppress the proliferation and migration of fibroblasts, accompanied by enhanced apoptosis and reduced collagen fiber synthesis. The overexpression of miR-182-5p in in vivo experiments could effectively inhibit hypertrophic scar formation without affecting the speed and quality of wound healing.Conclusion: miR-182-5p inhibits hypertrophic scar formation by decreasing the proliferation and migration of fibroblasts via SMAD4 pathway, and is expected to become a novel hypertrophic scar therapeutic target.Keywords: hypertrophic scar, microRNA, SMAD4, fibroblasts

Farmland area data is one of the important agricultural basic data, which provides parameter basis for the precise operation of agricultural equipment. In order to meet the technical needs of farmers and agricultural machinery operation service billing for acquiring basic information of farmland, this study proposes a farmland area measuring instrument based on the Beidou Navigation Satellite System. Firstly, the overall design scheme of the measuring instrument, the hardware circuit design scheme and the algorithm design scheme are introduced, and the triangulation area measurement algorithm is emphatically analyzed. Finally, the design of this research is applied. The farmland area measuring instrument measures the area of different shapes of farmland and verifies the measurement accuracy. The results show that the average relative error of the measuring instrument for measuring the area of irregularly shaped farmland is 0.7%, which realizes the rapid and high-precision measurement of the area of arbitrarily shaped farmland. It is hoped that this study can provide some reference for the research on the area measurement of farmland in my country.

Architecture is a frozen music, a visual art, and a visual object whose existence is witnessed by history. Some classic ancient architectures including the pyramids of ancient Egypt, the Parthenon of ancient Greece, the Pantheon of ancient Rome, the Forbidden City, the Great Wall, the Hanging Temple of China and other world-famous traditional Chinese and Western architectures reflect ancient philosophical thoughts of the times. Architecture has formed a unique culture with the passage of time, and in turn culture plays an influential role to the formation of architecture. Geographical differences cause diversity to architectural cultures all round the world. In terms of Chines and western ancient architecture, the two differ each other on appearance, connotation, space and structure, which indicate not only the culture characteristics but also the aesthetic changes behind the architectures between China and the West.The West's passion for stone architecture and the East's passion for wood architecture are determined by national culture and geographical environment. It is difficult to judge which one is superior, sine such designs are developed to adapt to the environment and living habits. Ancient people built their characteristic architecture to meet the needs of the local people and living conditions.

As an emerging class of two-dimensional (2D) layered nanomaterial, MXene exhibits a number of intriguing properties, such as good electrical conductivity and high elastic modulus, and has witnessed continued growth in related device research. However, nanoscale MXene devices which leverage both the intrinsic electrical and mechanical properties of these 2D crystals have not been experimentally studied. Here we demonstrate nanoelectromechanical resonators based on 2D MXene crystals, where Ti

Multilocular adipocytes are a hallmark of thermogenic adipose tissue(1,2), but the factors that enforce this cellular phenotype are largely unknown. Here, we show that an adipocyte-selective product of the Clstn3 locus (CLSTN3β) present in only placental mammals facilitates the efficient use of stored triglyceride by limiting lipid droplet (LD) expansion. CLSTN3β is an integral endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membrane protein that localizes to ER–LD contact sites through a conserved hairpin-like domain. Mice lacking CLSTN3β have abnormal LD morphology and altered substrate use in brown adipose tissue, and are more susceptible to cold-induced hypothermia despite having no defect in adrenergic signalling. Conversely, forced expression of CLSTN3β is sufficient to enforce a multilocular LD phenotype in cultured cells and adipose tissue. CLSTN3β associates with cell death-inducing DFFA-like effector proteins and impairs their ability to transfer lipid between LDs, thereby restricting LD fusion and expansion. Functionally, increased LD surface area in CLSTN3β-expressing adipocytes promotes engagement of the lipolytic machinery and facilitates fatty acid oxidation. In human fat, CLSTN3B is a selective marker of multilocular adipocytes. These findings define a molecular mechanism that regulates LD form and function to facilitate lipid utilization in thermogenic adipocytes.

Purpose: To evaluate the effects of trifolirhizin on diabetic nephropathy (DN), and the mechanism of action. Methods: Male db/db mice (8 weeks, n = 24) and age-matched control mice (n = 6) were obtained. The mice were further divided into four groups and administered increasing doses of trifolirhizin (0, 12.5, 25 and 50 mg/kg). Histological analysis of renal tissues were performed by H & E staining. Blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine were determined using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Immunoblot and TUNEL assay were performed to investigate the effect of trifolirhizin on autophagy and apoptosis, while ELISA and dihydroethidium (DHE) staining were conducted to evaluate reactive oxygen species (ROS), malondialdehyde (MDA) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) levels. The effect of trifolirhizin on PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway was determined using Immunoblot assays. Results: Trifolirhizin alleviated renal injury in diabetic mice, and also activate autophagy and inhibited apoptosis in the renal tissues in diabetic mice (p < 0.001). In addition, trifolirhizin inhibited the oxidative stress response in the renal tissue in diabetic mice (p < 0.001). Trifolirhizin further inhibited PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway and therefore relieved renal injury in the diabetic nephropathy model (p < 0.001). Conclusion: Trifolirhizin alleviates renal injury in diabetic mice, activates autophagy, and inhibits apoptosis in renal tissue of diabetic mice. Therefore, trifolirhizin is a promising a promising drug for the treatment of DN.

Colletotrin A (1), a new 1,4-benzoxazine derivative, and eight known compounds, including two alkaloids (2-3), one acylamide (4), one benzaldehyde (5), and four sterols (6-9) were obtained from endophytic fungus Colletotrichum gloeosporioides B-142, which was isolated from Dracaena cochinchinensis. Among them, 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinoline-4,8-diol (2) was reported for the first time as natural product. The structure of compound 1 was elucidated with help of spectroscopic data including IR, UV, electronic circular dichroism (ECD) calculation, HRESIMS, 1D and 2D NMR (COSY, HSQC and HMBC). The antimicrobial activities were evaluated by disc diffusion method.

Leather manual inspection is common in many industries, these methods are low efficiency and cannot be in line with automated manufacturing. In this paper, we propose a leather automated defect inspection (LADI) method based on machine learning and establish a practical LADI system composed of four modules: image acquisition, image preprocessing, image segmentation, and post-processing. The LADI method which forms the image segmentation module is a combination of multi-layer perceptron (MLP) and principal component analysis (PCA), namely MLPPCA. We propose two new algorithms that image preprocessing and post-processing to enhance the image quality and enrich details of the segmentation result. In the result analysis, compare MLPPCA, MLP, KNN, SVMRBF, GMM, show that MLPPCA has strong competitiveness in performance and execution time. The LADI system has been used in a China leather factory, the feedback shows that it combines the advantages of high inspection accuracy and short execution time. &nbsp

Detecting forest disturbances and attributing their contributing agents with Landsat time series (LTS) images has advanced substantially in recent years; however, whether different forest types require individual disturbance indices or specific disturbance thresholds to accurately map forest disturbances and their causes over a vast region remains limited known. This study investigated the effectiveness of six spectral indices (SIs) and two threshold methods (a forest-specific threshold and a common threshold) for detecting forest disturbances among four forest types, namely, evergreen broad-leaved forests (EBFs), cold-temperate evergreen needle-leaved forests (CENFs), and subtropical evergreen needle-leaved forests mainly dominated by Pinus yunnanensis (SENF1) or Pinus kesiya (SENF2), across Yunnan Province with the Landsat-based Detection of Trends in Disturbance and Recovery (LandTrendr) algorithm and yearly Landsat time series (LTS) recorded from 1990 to 2020. A random forest (RF) model was applied to classify the forest disturbance agents from aggregated patches of disturbed forest pixels. The results indicated that the normalized burn ratio (NBR) outperformed the five other SIs and achieved consistently high overall accuracies (OAs; 93.04%±0.17% to 96.09%±0.28%) when mapping forest disturbances across all four forest types. The forest-specific NBR disturbance thresholds led to considerable increases in overall (0.14–3.92%), producer (0.25–13.47%) and user accuracies (0.88–3.01%). The total mapped area of disturbed forest was 9831.48 km2 (5.31%), of which approximately 79% occurred in the EBF and SENF1 distribution areas. Forest disturbances were predominantly caused by wildfires in CENF and SENF1 and by commodity-driven plantations in EBF and SENF2; these two agents together contributed approximately 93.15% of the forest disturbances in Yunnan province. These findings highlight that the optimal selection of SIs and forest-specific disturbance thresholds can significantly improve forest disturbance detection performance.

Objective: This study aimed to comprehensively examine the roles of size, location, and number of tears in the progression of surgically repaired type A aortic dissection (TAAD) by assessing haemodynamic changes through patient-specific computational fluid dynamic (CFD) simulations. Methods: Two patient-specific TAAD geometries with replaced ascending aorta were reconstructed based upon computed 15 tomography (CT) scans, after which 10 hypothetical models (5 per patient) with different tear configurations were artificially created. CFD simulations were performed on all the models under physiologically realistic boundary conditions. Results: Our simulation results showed that increasing either the size or number of the re-entry tears reduced the luminal pressure difference (LPD) and maximum time-averaged wall shear stress (TAWSS), as well as areas exposed to abnormally high or low TAWSS values. Models with a large re-entry tear outperformed the others by reducing the maximum LPD by 1.88 mmHg and 7.39 mmHg, for patients 1 and 2, respectively. Moreover, proximally located re-entry tears in the descending aorta were more effective at reducing LPD than distal re-entry tears. Discussion: These computational results indicate that the presence of a relatively large re-entry tear in the proximal descending aorta might help stabilize post-surgery aortic growth. This finding has important implications for the management and risk stratification of surgically repaired TAAD patients. Nevertheless, further validation in a large patient cohort is needed.

Small ubiquitin-related modifier (SUMO)-mediated post-translational protein modification is widely conserved among eukaryotes. SUMOylation refers to the covalent attachment of SUMO to target proteins that alters their function, location, and protein-protein interactions when plants are under abiotic stress. We identified 37 genes in the apple genome that encoded members of the SUMOylation pathway. In addition, RNA-Seq data shows their expression levels between different tissues. We can find that there are mainly expressed genes between each component to ensure that the entire pathway works in the plant. We found that the expression levels of 12 genes were significantly changed under NaCl and ABA treatment through qRT-PCR. MdSIZ1a strongly expression responded to NaCl and ABA treatment. Subsequently, MdSIZ1a was cloned and transformed into apple callus, further verifying the important role of the SUMOylation pathway under stress conditions. The interaction between MdSIZ1a and MdSCEa was verified by yeast two-hybrid, confirming that MdSIZ1a acts as bridge enzyme on MdSCEa and target substrates. Finally, we predicted and analyzed the functional interaction network of E3 ligase to shed light on protein interactions and gene regulatory networks associated with DNA damage repair under abiotic stress in apples.

IntroductionThis study aimed to investigate the genetic factors promoting widespread Q6 dissemination of tet(X4) between Escherichia coli and to characterize the genetic contexts of tet(X4).MethodsWe isolated E. coli from feces, water, soil and flies collected across a large-scale chicken farm in China in 2020. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing and PFGE typing were used to identify tigecycline resistance and assess clonal relationships among isolates. Plasmids present and genome sequences were analyzed by conjugation, S1 pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE), plasmid stability testing and whole-genome sequencing.ResultsA total of 204 tigecycline-resistant E. coli were isolated from 662 samples. Of these, we identified 165 tet(X4)-carrying E. coli and these strains exhibited a high degree of multidrug resistance. Based on the geographical location distribution of the sampled areas, number of samples in each area and isolation rate of tigecycline-resistant strains and tet(X4)-carrying isolates, 72 tet(X4)-positive isolates were selected for further investigation. Tigecycline resistance was shown to be mobile in 72 isolates and three types of tet(X4)-carrying plasmids were identified, they were IncHI1 (n = 67), IncX1 (n = 3) and pO111-like/IncFIA(HI1) (n = 2). The pO111-like/IncFIA(HI1) is a novel plasmid capable of transferring tet(X4). The transfer efficiency of IncHI1 plasmids was extremely high in most cases and IncHI1 plasmids were stable when transferred into common recipient strains. The genetic structures flanked by IS1, IS26 and ISCR2 containing tet(X4) were complex and varied in different plasmids.DiscussionThe widespread dissemination of tigecycline-resistant E. coli is a major threat to public health. This data suggests careful use of tetracycline on farms is important to limit spread of resistance to tigecycline. Multiple mobile elements carrying tet(X4) are in circulation with IncHI1 plasmids the dominant vector in this setting.

PurposeThis study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of predeposit autologous RBC apheresis (PARA) in patients undergoing multilevel spinal fusion surgery.MethodsA total of 112 patients from January 2020 to June 2022 were divided into two groups according to PARA: the PARA group (n = 51) and the control group (n = 61). The baseline characteristics of the patients, outcomes, transfusion cost, hospitalization cost, length of stay, complications, and changes in hemoglobin and hematocrit levels between the two groups were compared.ResultsThe baseline characteristics were similar in both groups. No significant differences were found in functional outcomes, including VAS score (p = 0.159), ODI score (p = 0.214), JOA score (p = 0.752), and SF-36 score (p = 0.188) between the PARA and control groups. The amount and rate of intraoperative and perioperative allogeneic RBC transfusion were significantly higher in the control group than in the PARA group (p < 0.001). The postoperative (9.04 ± 3.21 vs. 11.05 ± 3.84, p = 0.004) and total length of stay (15.78 ± 3.79 vs. 17.36 ± 4.08, p = 0.038) in the PARA group were significantly lower than those in the control group, respectively. Despite no difference in hospitalization cost (p = 0.737), the total blood transfusion cost in the PARA group was significantly lower, compared with the control group (p < 0.001). For safety evaluation, there were no significant differences in Hb and Hct levels between the two groups at admission, on postoperative day 1, and postoperative day 3, respectively (p > 0.05). Moreover, the number of postoperative infections in the PARA group was significantly lower than that in the control group (p = 0.038).ConclusionPARA was a novel, safe, and highly efficient technique for mass autologous blood preparation in a quite short preparation time. This method could significantly reduce the amount of allogeneic blood transfusion and length of stay, which could provide a theoretical basis for following clinical practice about the technique.

Background To evaluate whether increasing the starting dose of exogenous gonadotropins (Gn) improves in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer (IVF-ET) outcomes in patients with the expected poor ovarian response (POR), as defined by antral follicles count (AFC) ≤ 9. The outcomes of IVF-ET in patients with expected POR between January 2016 and December 2021 were compared retrospectively. A total of 2448 IVF cycles were studied, including 709 with a starting Gn dose of 150 IU (Group A), 1006 with 225 or 300 IU (Group B), and 733 with 375 or 450 IU (Group C). The cumulative live birth rate was the primary outcome, with secondary outcomes including the number of oocytes retrieved, the number of normal fertilization, the number of transferable embryos, positive pregnancy, clinical pregnancy, pregnancy loss, ectopic pregnancy of fresh embryo transfer, and cycle cancellation rate. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to control the confounding factors.Results The cumulative live birth rates (28.2% in group A vs. 23.6% in group B vs. 17.9% in group C, P Conclusions Increasing the starting dose of Gn did not increase the number of oocytes retrieved or the cumulative live birth rate in POR patients.

In order to achieve high efficiency in a wider load range, a PWM/PFM/Power-Saved mode dc–dc buck converter is proposed. The mode switching technique is based on an accurate power loss model consisting of critical components/parameters: The size of the power transistor and the ON/OFF status of power-hungry subcircuits. The circuit of mode switching technique is achieved by the reference, pulse skipped modulation (PSM) comparator and feedback resistors, and its own consumption of quiescent current is extremely low. At ultra-light load, by detecting the ZCD duration and the ripple of the output, the system can switch to the Power-Saved-Mode. The proposed buck converter was implemented by using a 0.18[Formula: see text][Formula: see text]m CMOS process. It achieves a peak efficiency of 97% and [Formula: see text]90% efficiency from 100[Formula: see text][Formula: see text]A to 600[Formula: see text]mA. A 360[Formula: see text]nA quiescent current is achieved. With a low output ripple of less than 60[Formula: see text]mV, the input voltage range and regulated output voltage are 3.6–5[Formula: see text]V and 1.2–3.3[Formula: see text]V, respectively.

The raw data for the manuscript of "Rapid Detection of Pyrethroid Resistance-Associated Mutation L1014F in the Field Based on Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification (LAMP) Technique". &nbsp

Despite significant recent advances in precision medicine, pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) remains near uniformly lethal. Although immune-modulatory therapies hold promise to meaningfully improve outcomes for patients with PDAC, the development of such therapies requires an improved understanding of the immune evasion mechanisms that characterize the PDAC microenvironment. Here, we show that cancer cell–intrinsic glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase 2 (GOT2) shapes the immune microenvironment to suppress antitumor immunity. Mechanistically, we find that GOT2 functions beyond its established role in the malate–aspartate shuttle and promotes the transcriptional activity of nuclear receptor peroxisome proliferator–activated receptor delta (PPARδ), facilitated by direct fatty acid binding. Although GOT2 is dispensable for cancer cell proliferation in vivo, the GOT2–PPARδ axis promotes spatial restriction of both CD4+ and CD8+ T cells from the tumor microenvironment. Our results demonstrate a noncanonical function for an established mitochondrial enzyme in transcriptional regulation of immune evasion, which may be exploitable to promote a productive antitumor immune response.Significance:Prior studies demonstrate the important moonlighting functions of metabolic enzymes in cancer. We find that the mitochondrial transaminase GOT2 binds directly to fatty acid ligands that regulate the nuclear receptor PPARδ, and this functional interaction critically regulates the immune microenvironment of pancreatic cancer to promote tumor progression.See related commentary by Nwosu and di Magliano, p. 2237..This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, p. 2221

Supplementary Figure from A Cancer Cell–Intrinsic GOT2–PPARδ Axis Suppresses Antitumor Immunity

IntroductionCognitive impairment includes the abnormality of learning, memory and judgment, resulting in severe learning and memory impairment and social activity impairment, which greatly affects the life quality of individuals. However, the specific mechanisms underlying cognitive impairment in different behavioral paradigms remain to be elucidated.MethodsThe study utilized two behavioral paradigms, novel location recognition (NLR) and novel object recognition (NOR), to investigate the brain regions involved in cognitive function. These tests comprised two phases: mice were presented with two identical objects for familiarization during the training phase, and a novel (experiment) or familiar (control) object/location was presented during testing. Immunostaining quantification of c-Fos, an immediate early gene used as a neuronal activity marker, was performed in eight different brain regions after the NLR or NOR test.ResultsThe number of c-Fos-positive cells was significantly higher in the dorsal part of the lateral septal nucleus (LSD) in the NLR and dentate gyrus (DG) in the NOR experiment group than in the control group. We further bilaterally lesioned these regions using excitotoxic ibotenic acid and replenished the damaged areas using an antisense oligonucleotide (ASO) strategy.DiscussionThese data reinforced the importance of LSD and DG in regulating spatial and object recognition memory, respectively. Thus, the study provides insight into the roles of these brain regions and suggests potential intervention targets for impaired spatial and object recognition memory.

Lysine specific demethylase 1 (LSD1), a transcriptional corepressor or coactivator that serves as a demethylase of histone 3 lysine 4 and 9, has become a potential therapeutic target for cancer therapy. LSD1 mediates many cellular signaling pathways and regulates cancer cell proliferation, invasion, migration, and differentiation. Recent research has focused on the exploration of its pharmacological inhibitors. Natural products are a major source of compounds with abundant scaffold diversity and structural complexity, which have made a major contribution to drug discovery, particularly anticancer agents. In this review, we briefly highlight recent advances in natural LSD1 inhibitors over the past decade. We present a comprehensive review on their discovery and identification process, natural plant sources, chemical structures, anticancer effects, and structure-activity relationships, and finally provide our perspective on the development of novel natural LSD1 inhibitors for cancer therapy.

Proteolysis is the rate-limiting step involved in ammonification during organic nitrogen mineralization, and which relates to the amount of ammonia (NH3) volatilized and ammonium (NH4+) released in the composts. However, the dynamic of bacterial proteolytic communities related with NH3 emissions in composting systems are mostly unknown. This study aimed to examine and compare the effects of hyperthermophilic pretreatment composting (HPC) and traditional composting (TC) on (i) the difference of NH3 loss and nitrogenous compounds; (ii) the dynamics of the proteolytic bacterial community participated in proteolysis in composting systems on the basis of the functional genes (npr and sub); (iii) the link between the proteolytic bacterial community, biophysiochemical characteristics and NH3 loss. Results revealed that the HPC was able to decrease NH3 loss by 41.5% compared to TC during 60-day composting, together with an inhibitory effect on protease activity. Particularly, the relative abundances of proteolytic bacteria (Bacillus megaterium and Staphylococcus cohnii) with high proteolytic capability reduced significantly in HPC. Partial least-squares path modeling suggested physicochemical properties such as higher temperature as well as lower C/N ratio played a dominant role in affecting the abundance of proteolytic bacteria, which may have been an important factor contributing to the lower NH3 loss in HPC. These findings suggest that HPC can significantly reduce NH3 loss and enhance our understanding of proteolytic bacteria in composting systems.

BackgroundEarly diagnosis for α-fetoprotein (AFP) negative hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains a critical problem. Metabolomics is prevalently involved in the identification of novel biomarkers. This study aims to identify new and effective markers for AFP negative HCC.MethodsIn total, 147 patients undergoing liver transplantation were enrolled from our hospital, including liver cirrhosis patients (LC, n=25), AFP negative HCC patients (NEG, n=44) and HCC patients with AFP over 20 ng/mL (POS, n=78). 52 Healthy volunteers (HC) were also recruited in this study. Metabolomic profiling was performed on the plasma of those patients and healthy volunteers to select candidate metabolomic biomarkers. A novel diagnostic model for AFP negative HCC was established based on Random forest analysis, and prognostic biomarkers were also identified.Results15 differential metabolites were identified being able to distinguish NEG group from both LC and HC group. Random forest analysis and subsequent Logistic regression analysis showed that PC(16:0/16:0), PC(18:2/18:2) and SM(d18:1/18:1) are independent risk factor for AFP negative HCC. A three-marker model of Metabolites-Score was established for the diagnosis of AFP negative HCC patients with an area under the time-dependent receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC) of 0.913, and a nomogram was then established as well. When the cut-off value of the score was set at 1.2895, the sensitivity and specificity for the model were 0.727 and 0.92, respectively. This model was also applicable to distinguish HCC from cirrhosis. Notably, the Metabolites-Score was not correlated to tumor or body nutrition parameters, but difference of the score was statistically significant between different neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) groups (≤5 vs. >5, P=0.012). Moreover, MG(18:2/0:0/0:0) was the only prognostic biomarker among 15 metabolites, which is significantly associated with tumor-free survival of AFP negative HCC patients (HR=1.160, 95%CI 1.012-1.330, P=0.033).ConclusionThe established three-marker model and nomogram based on metabolomic profiling can be potential non-invasive tool for the diagnosis of AFP negative HCC. The level of MG(18:2/0:0/0:0) exhibits good prognosis prediction performance for AFP negative HCC.

Lithium-carbon dioxide (Li-CO 2 ) batteries are regarded as a promising electrochemical system owing to their energy storage capability and CO 2 utilization. However, the reported operating voltage of ~2.6 V is increasingly questioned as seemingly beyond the capability of the electrochemical carbon dioxide reduction reaction to carbon. Herein, the real operating voltage of a Li-CO 2 battery is reacquainted, and the operating voltage and the equilibrium potential are clarified to be ~1.1 V and ~2.82 V, respectively. The products formed at low voltage are identified to be crystalline Li 2 CO 3 , amorphous C, and explicitly amorphous Li 2 CO 3 . Moreover, by decoupling small currents, 1% O 2 , and 500 ppm H 2 O, the operating voltage plateaus are stimulated to ~2.0 V. An ever-increasing plateau can be achieved up to the reported level of ~2.6 V activated by a minor air leak or residue in test environments. Conclusively, the operating voltages of Li-CO 2 batteries are proposed to be deceptive and extremely sensitive to the surrounding environments. This work unveils the real operating voltage and provides the voltage regulation rules to advance next-generation Li-CO 2 batteries.

The Cu2ZnSn(S, Se)4 (CZTSSe) emerging inorganic solar cell is highly promising for accelerating the large-scale and low-cost applications of thin-film photovoltaics. It possesses distinct advantages such as abundant and non-toxic constituent elements, high material stability, and excellent compatibility with industrial processes. However, CZTSSe solar cells still face challenges related to complex defects and charge losses. To overcome these limitations and improve the efficiency of CZTSSe solar cells, it is crucial to experimentally identify and mitigate deep defects. In this study, we reveal that the dominant deep defect in CZTSSe materials exhibits donor characteristics. We propose that incomplete cation exchange during the multi-step crystallization reactions of CZTSSe is the kinetics mechanism responsible for the defect formation. To address this issue, we introduce an elemental synergistic alloying approach aimed at weakening the metal-chalcogen bond strength and the stability of intermediate phases. This alloying strategy has facilitated the kinetics of cation exchange, leading to a significant reduction in charge losses within the CZTSSe absorber. As a result, we have achieved a cell efficiency of over 14.5%. These results represent a significant advancement for emerging inorganic solar cells and additionally bring more opportunities for the precise identification and regulation of defects in a wider range of multinary inorganic compounds.

Additional file 10: FigureS3.Correlation of HBV clinical features with immune features. (A) Comparisons ofthe frequencies of major immune subsets across HBV infection and HCC tissues.(B and C) Comparisons of the frequencies of selected meta-clusters between HBV+and HBV- samples in INT (B) and TB (C) tissues. (D) The heatmap of the Spearmancorrelation coefficients between HBV clinical features and immune features inTB tissues, colored by correlation coefficients and for pairs with p-value morethan 0.1 were set to zero. E, The correlation plots between selected HBVclinical features and immune features as in (D). Two-way ANOVA test was used in(A), with *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, and ***p < 0.001.

Additional file 13: FigureS6. Analysis results ofscRNA-seq datasets of HCC T cells. (A) The UMAP plots of T cells in HCCpatients as in (Figure 6A), colored by patient ID (left), tissues (middle), andHBV infection status (right). (B)The volcano plots of differentially expressed genes of C2+C3 T cells between HBV+and HBV- samples in INTtissues, labeled with typical marker genes. (C) The GO pathway analyses of shared upregulatedgenes (left) and downregulated genes (right) between HBV+ and HBV-C2+C3 T cells in INT tissues, the pathway nameswere labeled.

We investigate a 2+1-D interacting Dirac semimetal with onsite flavor SU(2) symmetry. Topological considerations imply that the skyrmions in the flavor-symmetry-breaking phase carry electron quantum numbers, motivating a dual bosonized low energy description in terms of two complex scalars coupled to an abelian Chern-Simons field. We propose that the transition between a nearby Chern insulator and the flavor symmetry-broken phase is a bicritical point in the bosonized description, and also suggest that the Gross-Neveu-Heisenberg (GNH) transition between the Dirac semimetal and the flavor symmetry-broken phase is a tricritical point. Heuristically, the dual description corresponds to the gap closing of fermionic skyrmions. We discuss implications and potential issues with our proposal, and motivated from it, perform extensive unbiased Determinantal Quantum Monte Carlo (DQMC) simulations on a lattice regularized Hamiltonian for the GNH transition, extending previously available results. We compare DQMC results with the estimates in the proposed dual from available perturbative renormalization group results. We also numerically demonstrate the presence of fermionic skyrmions in the symmetry-broken phase of our lattice model., Comment: 10+8 pages, 4+9 figures, 1 table

Supplemental Document and the witness code

Flexible Cu2ZnSn(S, Se)4 (CZTSSe) solar cells take the advantages of environmental friendliness, low cost, and multi-scenario applications, and have drawn extensive attention in recent years. Compared with rigid devices, the lack of alkali metal elements in the flexible substrate is the main factor limiting the performance of flexible CZTSSe solar cells. This work proposes a Rb ion additive strategy to simultaneously regulate the CZTSSe film surface properties and the CdS chemical bath deposition (CBD) processes. Material and chemical characterization reveals that Rb ions can passivate the detrimental Se0 cluster defect and additionally provide a more active surface for the CdS epitaxial growth. Furthermore, Rb can also coordinate with thiourea (TU) in the CBD solution and improve the ion-by-ion deposition of the CdS layer. Finally, the flexible CZTSSe cell fabricated by this strategy has reached a high total-area efficiency of 12.63% (active-area efficiency of 13.2%), with its VOC and FF reaching 538 mV and 0.70, respectively. This work enriches the alkali metal passivation strategies and provides new ideas for further improving flexible CZTSSe solar cells in the future.

Supplemental Material, sj-docx-1-ptd-10.1177_08968608231182885 for Oral vitamin D supplementation on the prevention of peritoneal dialysis-related peritonitis: A pilot randomised controlled trial by Yu-Hui Zhang, Xiao Xu, Hai-Chen Pi, Zhi-Kai Yang, David W Johnson and Jie Dong in Peritoneal Dialysis International

Additional file 1: eTable1. Distribution of the Participants by Provinces or Regions (n = 62,395).

Additional file 1: Table S1. Variance inflation factor for in-hospital mortality.

Additional file 1: Table S1. Diagnostic criteria for viral hepatitis A in Chinese mainland. Table S2. Summary statistics for the annual reported hepatitis A in Chinese mainland in 2005–2018. Table S3. The Global Moran’s I index for the average annual morbidity of hepatitis A in Chinese mainland during 2005–2018. Table S4. The Spearman correlation between the morbidity of hepatitis A, urbanization-related indices and meteorological factors. Table S5. The univariable analyses of the effects of each urbanization-related index and meteorological factor on the annual morbidity of hepatitis A. Table S6. The variance inflammation factor for checking multicollinearity in the main model. Table S7. Summary statistics for the annual reported hepatitis A in children and adults in Chinese mainland during 2005–2018. Table S8. The effects of urbanization-related indices on the annual morbidity of hepatitis A after excluding the data of Tibet. Table S9. The effects of urbanization-related indices including the urbanization rate instead of GDP per capita on the annual morbidity of hepatitis A. Fig. S1. The average annual hepatitis A morbidity in the PLADs of Chinese mainland. a The morbidity during 2005–2018; b The morbidity during 2005–2007; c The morbidity during 2012–2018. Fig. S2. The average annual urbanization-related indices for each PLAD in Chinese mainland during 2005–2018. a The GDP per capita; b The illiteracy rate; c The tap water coverage; d The number of hospitalization beds; e The population density. Fig. S3. The average annual morbidity of hepatitis A in children and adults for the PLADs in Chinese mainland during 2005–2018. a The morbidity in children; b The morbidity in adults. Fig. S4. The exposure–response relationship between the morbidity of hepatitis A and each urbanization-related index. Solid lines indicate the point estimates of relative riskof hepatitis A morbidity across values of the six continuous independent variables as compared with 0. The light-blue areas represent the corresponding 95% confidence intervals.

Supplementary Material 1

Supplementary Material 2

Additional file 12: Figure S5. The distinct geneexpression of PD-1+CD8+ TRM cells across HBVinfection and tissue sites. (A) The heatmap of the normalized expressions ofshared upregulated and downregulated genes between HBV+ and HBV-samples in INT and TB tissues, color-labeled by HBV infection. (B and C) Theheatmap of the normalized expressions of selected functional genes of enrichedGO pathways between HBV+ and HBV- samples in INT tissues(B) and TB tissues (C), color-labeled by HBV infections.

We study the dissociation of $ψ(3770)$, $ψ(4040)$, $ψ(4160)$, and $ψ(4415)$ mesons in collisions with nucleons, which takes place in high-energy proton-nucleus collisions. Quark interchange between a nucleon and a $c\bar c$ meson leads to the dissociation of the $c\bar c$ meson. We consider the reactions: $pR \to Λ_c^+ \bar{D}^0$, $pR \to Λ_c^+ \bar{D}^{*0}$, $pR \to Σ_c^{++} D^-$, $pR \to Σ_c^{++} D^{*-}$, $pR \to Σ_c^{+} \bar{D}^0$, $pR \to Σ_c^{+} \bar{D}^{*0}$, $pR \to Σ_c^{*++} D^-$, $pR \to Σ_c^{*++} D^{*-}$, $pR \to Σ_c^{*+} \bar{D}^0$, and $pR \to Σ_c^{*+} \bar{D}^{*0}$, where $R$ stands for $ψ(3770)$, $ψ(4040)$, $ψ(4160)$, or $ψ(4415)$. A reaction of a neutron and a $c\bar c$ meson corresponds to a reaction of a proton and the $c\bar c$ meson by replacing the up quark with the down quark and vice versa. Transition-amplitude formulas are derived from the $S$-matrix element. Unpolarized cross sections are calculated with the transition amplitudes for scattering in the prior form and in the post form. The cross sections relate to nodes in the radial wave functions of $ψ(3770)$, $ψ(4040)$, $ψ(4160)$, and $ψ(4415)$ mesons., 30 pages, 12 figures, 2 tables