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Background. Post-renal transplant patients have a high likelihood of developing renal cancer. However, the underlying biological mechanisms behind the development of renal cancer in post-kidney transplant patients remain to be elucidated. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the underlying biological mechanism behind the development of renal cell carcinoma in post-renal transplant patients. Methods. Next-generation sequencing data and corresponding clinical information of patients with clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) were obtained from The Cancer Genome Atlas Program (TCGA) database. The microarray data of kidney transplant patients with or without rejection response was obtained from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. In addition, statistical analysis was conducted in R software. Results. We identified 55 upregulated genes in the transplant patients with rejection from the GEO datasets (GSE48581, GSE36059, and GSE98320). Furthermore, we conducted bioinformatics analyses, which showed that all of these genes were upregulated in ccRCC tissue. Moreover, a prognosis model was constructed based on four rejection-related genes, including PLAC8, CSTA, AIM2, and LYZ. The prognosis model showed excellent performance in prognosis prediction in a ccRCC cohort. In addition, the machine learning algorithms identified 19 rejection-related genes, including PLAC8, involved in ccRCC occurrence. Finally, the PLAC8 was selected for further research, including its clinical and biological role. Conclusion. In all, our study provides novel insight into the transition from the rejection of renal transplant to renal cancer. Meanwhile, PLAC8 could be a potential biomarker for ccRCC diagnosis and prognosis in post-kidney transplant patients.

Zeyi Liang,* Jiahao Shen,* Jing Liu, Xu Sun, Yayuan Yang, Yanan Lv, Juanshan Zheng, Xiaoqing Mou, Hongsheng Li, Xuezhi Ding, Feng Yang Key Laboratory of New Animal Drug Project of Gansu Province/Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Discovery, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730050, People’s Republic of China*These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: Feng Yang; Xuezhi Ding, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, No. 335 Jiangouyan, Qilihe District, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730050, People’s Republic of China, Tel +86-931-2115262, Fax +86-931-2114180, Email yangfeng@caas.cn; dingxuezhi@caas.cnPurpose: This study aimed to investigate the prevalence and genetic characterization of Serratia marcescens isolates from clinical bovine mastitis in Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region of China.Methods: S. marcescens was identified by the polymerase-chain reaction of 16S rRNA gene and sequencing. Antimicrobial susceptibility was tested by the disk diffusion method. Genes of resistance and virulence were determined by the PCR.Results: Overall, S. marcescens were confirmed from 32 of 2897 (1.1%) mastitis milk samples. These isolates showed high resistance to cefazolin (30/32, 93.8%) and chloramphenicol (28/32, 87.5%). A 12.5% (4/32) of the isolates displayed multidrug resistance (MDR). The most prevalent resistant genes found in S. marcescens were TEM (32/32, 100%) and CTX-M (24/32, 75.0%; CTX-M-15, 14/32, 43.8%; CTX-M-14, 8/32, 25.0%; CTX-M-65, 2/32, 6.3%) for extended-spectrum beta-lactamase, cmlA (28/32, 87.5%) and floR (16/32, 50.0%) for chloramphenicol resistance, SIM-1 (2/32, 6.3%) for carbapenemases, and sdeB (28/32, 87.5%), sdeY (26/32, 81.3%), sdeR (26/32, 81.3%) and sdeD (20/32, 62.5%) for efflux pumps. Moreover, all isolates carried virulence genes flhD, entB, and kpn, and most of them contained mrkD (30/32, 93.8%), ycfM (26/32, 81.3%), bsmB (26/32, 81.3%), pigP (26/32, 81.3%), kfu (24/32, 75.0%) and shlB (24/32, 75.0%).Conclusion: To our knowledge, this is the first report of genetic determinants for antimicrobial resistance and virulence in S. marcescens isolated from bovine mastitis cases in China. These findings are useful for developing strategies for prevention and treatment of bovine mastitis caused by S. marcescens in China.Keywords: Serratia marcescens, bovine mastitis, antimicrobial resistance, virulence

Jing Ma,1 Xu Sun,1,2 Xinwei Wang,1,2 Bingjian Liu,1,2 Kaiqi Shi3 1Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Nottingham, Ningbo, People’s Republic of China; 2Nottingham Ningbo China Beacons of Excellence Research and Innovation Institute, Ningbo, People’s Republic of China; 3Suzhou Inhal Pharma Co., Ltd., Suzhou, People’s Republic of ChinaCorrespondence: Xu Sun, Department of Mechanical, Materials and Manufacturing, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Nottingham, Ningbo, People’s Republic of China, Tel/Fax +8657488186443, Email xu.sun@nottingham.edu.cnPurpose: This study aims to explore factors that affect patient adherence to inhalation therapy by applying a patient-centered approach.Patients and Methods: We conducted a qualitative study to identify the factors that influence adherent behaviors among asthma/COPD patients. 35 semi-structured interviews with patients, and 15 semi-structured interviews with healthcare providers (HCPs) who manage asthma/COPD patients were conducted. The SEIPS 2.0 model was applied as a conceptual framework for guiding the interview content and analysis of the interview data.Results: Based on the findings of this study, a conceptual framework of patient adherence in asthma/COPD during inhalation therapy was constructed including five themes: person, task, tool, physical environment, and culture and society. Person-related factors include patient ability and emotional experience. Task-related factors refer to task type and frequency and flexibility. Tool-related factors are the type of inhalers and usability of inhalers. Physical environment-related factors include home environment and COVID-19 situation. Culture and social related factors consist of two aspects: cultural beliefs and social stigma.Conclusion: The findings of the study identified 10 influential factors that impact on patient adherence to inhalation therapy. A SEIPS-based conceptual model was constructed based on the responses of patients and HCPs to explore the experiences of patients engaging in inhalation therapy and interacting with inhalation devices. In particular, new insight about factors of emotional experience, physical environment and traditional cultural beliefs were found crucial for patients with Asthma/COPD to conduct patients’ adherent behaviors.Keywords: adherence, inhalation therapy, human factors and ergonomics, asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, drug-device combination products

Purpose To compare radiographic parameters, and functional and surgical outcomes between lumbar adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) and lumbar adult idiopathic scoliosis (AdIS). Methods A retrospective study was performed to identify Lenke 5c type AIS and AdIS patients from our scoliosis database who had undergone posterior surgical treatment for scoliosis. Preoperative and postoperative radiographic and clinical outcomes were compared between the two groups. Results A total of 22 patients were included in AdIS group, and 44 matched patients in AIS group. AdIS group had significantly larger L3 and L4 tilt and translation than AIS group (P P P P r = 0.492, P P P P P P Conclusion Lenke 5c AdIS patients had greater preoperative and postoperative L3 and L4 tilt and translation, as well as less correction of major curve and vertebral body derotation than AIS patients. However, the incidence of adding-on was similar between the two groups.

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine the impact of short sale prospect on future income smoothing. Design/methodology/approach This study examines how short sale prospect impacts future income smoothing. This study follows prior research and uses two measures of income smoothing. One is the correlation between the change in prediscretionary income and the change in discretionary accruals. The other is the variability of earnings relative to the variability of cash flows. Findings This study finds that short sale prospect has a negative impact on future income smoothing. This finding is robust to use different measures of short sale prospect and income smoothing and to subsample tests. Additional analysis reveals that short sale prospect, by curbing income smoothing, reduces future stock price crash risk. Originality/value To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this study is the first to examine the impact of short selling on firms’ subsequent smoothing of reported income. This study contributes to the earnings quality literature by demonstrating the governance role of short selling on future earnings smoothness.

Junctional kyphosis is a common complication after corrective long spinal fusion for adult spinal deformity. Whereas there is still a paucity of data on junctional kyphosis, specifically among late posttraumatic thoracolumbar kyphosis (LPTK) patients. Thus, the aim of this study was to investigate the characteristics and risk factors of junctional kyphosis in LPTK patients receiving long segmental instrumented fusion.We retrospectively reviewed a cohort of LPTK patients who had received long segmental instrumented fusion (4 segments) in our center between January 2012 and January 2019. Radiographic assessments included the sagittal alignment, pelvic parameters, bone quality on CT images, and measurements of the cross-sectional area (CSA, cross-sectional area of muscle-vertebral body ratio × 100) and fat saturation fraction (FSF, cross-sectional area of fat-muscle body ratio × 100) of paraspinal muscles. Patients in this study were divided into those with junctional kyphosis or failure (Group J) and those without (Group NJ) during follow-up. Group J included patients with junctional kyphosis (Group JK) and patients with junctional failure (Group JF).A total of 65 patients (16 males and 49 females, average age 56.5 ± 23.4 years) were enrolled in this study. After (32.7 ± 8.5) months follow-up, 15 patients (23.1%) experienced junctional kyphosis, and four of them deteriorated into junctional failure. Eighty percent (12/15) of junctional kyphosis was identified within 6 months after surgery. In comparison with Group NJ, Group J were older (P = 0.026), longer fusion levels (P 0.001), greater thoracic kyphosis (P = 0.01), greater global kyphosis (P = 0.023), lower bone quality (P 0.001), less CSA (P = 0.005) and higher FSF (P0.001) of paraspinal muscles. Preoperative global kyphosis more than 48.5° (P = 0.001, odds ratio 1.793) and FSF more than 48.4 (P = 0.010, odds ratio 2.916) were identified as independent risk factors of junctional kyphosis. Based on the statistical differences among Group NJ, Group JK and Group JF (P 0.001), Group JF had lower bone quality than Group NJ (P 0.001) and Group JK (P = 0.015). In terms of patient-reported outcomes, patients in Group JF had worse outcomes in ODI and VAS scores, and PCS and MCS of SF-36 than Group NJ and group JK CONCLUSION: The prevalence of junctional kyphosis was 23.1% in LPTK patients after long segmental instrumented fusion. Preoperative hyperkyphosis and advanced fatty degeneration of paraspinal muscles were independent risk factors of junctional kyphosis. Patients with lower bone quality were more likely to develop junctional failure.

Herein, quinary CoFeNiCuCr sulfide nanosheets with a high-entropy feature and rough surface were fabricated via a topotactic transformation pathway, and display facile pre-oxidation and improved intrinsic activity towards the robust oxygen evolution reaction.

A porous metal–organic framework for imidazole-dependent anhydrous proton conduction and photocatalytic CO2 reduction.

A nanoflower-like bimetallic FeP/CoP-1-350 heterostructure electrocatalyst with rich interfaces shows excellent OER electrocatalytic activity.

To investigate whether hyperbaric oxygen therapy can improve the survival rate of fat transplantation and analyze the possible mechanisms.Ninety SD rats were randomly divided into 3 groups. All the rats were cut into pieces with about 5 mL of fat from the abdominal cavity, rinsed with normal saline for 3 times, and cleaned with cotton pad adsorption method. Then, 3 ml was removed, divided into 3 parts, and injected into three adjacent but not touching parts of the back. Group A received 1h/d hyperbaric oxygen therapy, group B received 2 h/d hyperbaric oxygen therapy, and group C received no hyperbaric oxygen therapy. The hyperbaric oxygen therapy lasted for 10 consecutive days. Fat grafts from one site were randomly removed at 2, 4, and 6 weeks after surgery, respectively. ① the survival rate of fat transplantation in three groups was compared. ② observe the pathological section; ③ immunohistochemistry was used to detect and compare the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor.The survival rate of fat transplantation in group A was the highest. After subcutaneous transplantation of 1 ml of fat and 1 hour/day of continuous hyperbaric oxygen treatment for 10 days, the fat survival rates were 0.796 ± 0.071 ml, 0.644 ± 0.151 ml, and 0.473 ± 0.127 ml at the second, fourth, and sixth weeks, respectively. The survival rate of fat transplantation in group B was the second. After subcutaneous transplantation of 1 ml of fat and 2 hour/day of continuous hyperbaric oxygen treatment for 10 days, the survival rate of fat was 0.624 ± 0.220 ml, 0.494 ± 0.125 ml, and 0.329 ± 0.153 ml at the second, fourth, and sixth weeks, respectively. The survival rate of fat transplantation in group C was the lowest. After subcutaneous transplantation of 1 ml of fat and no hyperbaric oxygen treatment for 10 days, the fat survival rates were 0.461 ± 0.132 ml, 0.290 ± 0.112 ml and 0.169 ± 0.091 ml at the second, fourth, and sixth weeks, respectively. We have made changes in the abstract of the article and marked in red color.Hyperbaric oxygen therapy is conducive to the survival of transplanted fat. Importantly, a short period of hyperbaric oxygen therapy (1 h/d) can promote the survival of transplanted fat.This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266 .

Long-term investigations have revealed incidences of severe flange wheel wear in the field. Slight changes in the profile shape will lead to changes in the geometric relationship between wheel and rail, hence affecting the dynamic wheel-rail interaction. The turnout is an essential piece of track equipment for carrying out train transfer or cross line operation. In turnouts, the rail profile changes throughout the structure, and the wheel load transfers from one rail component to the next, resulting in a complex wheel/rail relationship. This paper investigates the effect of flange wear on the wheel-rail interaction as the vehicle switches into the turnout track in a diverging movement. A coupling model for a high-speed flexible turnout and a multi-rigid vehicle is established, and the dynamic contact trajectories between wheel and rail, the vibration energy of the rail, the lateral wheel-rail force, rail wear, and car body driving stability are analyzed. The results show that the wheel transition position is shifted backward due to the flange wear, and a less sharp impact occurs with a worn flange profile during wheel load transition in the switch panel, which improves lateral wheel-turnout interaction and the rail wear. Worn flange profiles give a large flangeway clearance, which is not conducive to the smooth operation of vehicles in the diverging route of turnouts.

The purpose of this meta-analysis was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of celecoxib, a selective cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibitor, in addition to standard anticancer therapy. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that evaluated the efficacy and safety of celecoxib-combined cancer therapy were systematically searched in PubMed and Embase databases. The endpoints were overall survival (OS), progression-free survival (PFS), disease-free survival (DFS), objective response rate (ORR), disease control rate (DCR), pathological complete response (pCR), and adverse events (AEs). The results of 30 RCTs containing 9655 patients showed limited benefits in celecoxib-combined cancer therapy. However, celecoxib-combined palliative therapy prolonged PFS in epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) wild-type patients (HR = 0.57, 95%CI = 0.35–0.94). Moreover, despite a slight increase in thrombocytopenia (RR = 1.35, 95%CI = 1.08–1.69), there was no increase in other toxicities. Celecoxib combined with adjuvant therapy indicated a better OS (HR = 0.850, 95%CI = 0.725–0.996). Furthermore, celecoxib plus neoadjuvant therapy improved the ORR in standard cancer therapy, especially neoadjuvant therapy (overall: RR = 1.13, 95%CI = 1.03–1.23; neoadjuvant therapy: RR = 1.25, 95%CI = 1.09–1.44), but not pCR. Our study indicated that adding celecoxib to palliative therapy prolongs the PFS of EGFR wild-type patients, with good safety profiles. Celecoxib combined with adjuvant therapy prolongs OS, and celecoxib plus neoadjuvant therapy improves the ORR. Thus, celecoxib-combined cancer therapy may be a promising therapy strategy.

The fall armyworm (FAW) Spodoptera frugiperda Smith (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) invaded Myanmar and China in 2018 and greatly impacted agricultural production and ecosystem balance in these areas. FAW is a migratory insect, but its seasonal migration pattern between the two countries has been largely unknown. From 2019 to 2021, we monitored the seasonal migration of FAW in the China-Myanmar border area using a searchlight trap, assessed the reproductive development status of female migrants and traced the migratory routes by trajectory simulation.FAW moths were trapped by the searchlight trap in Lancang County (Yunnan, China) all year, with obvious seasonal differences in the number caught. There were small-scale persistent trapping peaks in spring and summer, and obvious peaks in autumn; only a small number of moths were trapped in winter. Examination of the ovaries of female moths collected in different seasons showed that most females had matured, indicating that the moths were migrating and did not take off from the local area. In the migration trajectory simulation, FAW mainly migrated from Myanmar to Southwest China in spring and summer and back to Myanmar in autumn.Our findings indicate that FAW migrates between China and Myanmar according to the monsoon circulation, which will help guide cross-border regional monitoring and management strategies against this pest. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.

The recent advancement of digitalization and information and communication technology (ICT) has not only shifted the manufacturing paradigm towards the Fourth Industrial Revolution, namely Industry 4.0, but also provided opportunities for a smart logistics transformation. Despite studies have focused on improving the smartness, connectivity, and autonomy of isolated logistics operations with a primary focus on the forward channels, there is still a lack of a systematic conceptualization to guide the coming paradigm shift of reverse logistics, for instance, how “individualization” and “service innovation” should be interpreted in a smart reverse logistics context? To fill this gap, Reverse logistics 4.0 is defined, from a holistic perspective, in this paper to offer a systematic analysis of the technological impact of Industry 4.0 on reverse logistics. Based on the reported research and case studies from the literature, the conceptual framework of smart reverse logistics transformation is proposed to link Industry 4.0 enablers, smart service and operation transformation, and targeted sustainability goals. A smart reverse logistics architecture is also given to allow a high level of system integration enabled by intelligent devices and smart portals, autonomous robots, and advanced analytical tools, where the value of technological innovations can be exploited to solve various reverse logistics problems. Thus, the contribution of this research lies, through conceptual development, in presenting a clear roadmap and research agenda for the reverse logistics transformation in Industry 4.0.

An intelligent cleaning vehicle improves the efficiency of road cleaning to a great extent. In this case, road garbage recognition is fundamental and crucial. Usually, the pebbles are too small, and the sand has an inconspicuous boundary and unfixed shape on the roads. These issues make the stones and sand too hard to be detected by a garbage recognition system. Hence, we designed a novel semantic segmentation network that acquires the areas and categories of road garbage. We designed a Deep Supervision and High Fusion (DSHF) block to improve the road garbage segmentation accuracy. The designed block with a backbone network of HFCN and UNet++ is comparable with a model that only has either a deep supervision block or a high fusion block. According to the collected road garbage segmentation dataset comprising four categories (stones, leaves, sand and bottles), the model we designed has improved the metric value of MPA by 3% over the state-of-art methods and achieved the highest MIoU (Mean Intersection over Union) with the value of 77.92%. The results of our experiments show that the semantic segmentation of road garbage is feasible and that the proposed DSHF block is practical for improving the segmentation effect of road garbage.

Our study indicated that the gut microbiota contributes to spatial learning and memory dysfunction after chronic METH exposure, in which microglial phenotype status plays an intermediary role. The elucidated “specific microbiota taxa-microglial M1/M2 phenotypes-spatial learning and memory impairment” pathway would provide a novel mechanism and elucidate potential gut microbiota taxon targets for the no-drug treatment of cognitive deterioration after chronic METH exposure.

Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a leading cause of irreversible vision loss in working-age populations. FTO is an N6-methyladenosine (m6A) demethylase that participates in various biological events, while its role in DR remains elusive. Herein, we detected elevated FTO expression in retinal proliferative membranes of DR patients. FTO promoted endothelial cell (EC) cell cycle progression and tip cell formation to facilitate angiogenesisin vitro, in mice and in zebrafish. FTO also regulated EC-pericyte crosstalk to trigger diabetic microvascular leakage, and mediated EC-microglia interactions to induce retinal inflammation and neurodegenerationin vivoandin vitro. Mechanistically, FTO affected EC features via modulatingCDK2mRNA stability in an m6A-YTHDF2-dependent manner. FTO up-regulation under diabetic conditions was driven by lactate mediated histone lactylation. FB23-2, an inhibitor to FTO’s m6A demethylase activity, suppressed angiogenic phenotypesin vivoandin vitro. Noteworthy, we developed a nanoplatform encapsulating FB23-2 for systemic administration, and confirmed its targeting and therapeutic efficiencies in mice. Collectively, our study demonstrated that FTO coordinates EC biology and retinal homeostasis in DR, providing a promising nanotherapeutic approach for DR.

Deep neural networks have been integrated into the whole clinical decision procedure which can improve the efficiency of diagnosis and alleviate the heavy workload of physicians. Typical applications include 1) medical report generation, 2) disease classification, and 3) survival prediction. Since most neural networks are supervised, their quality heavily depends on the volume and quality of available labels. However, for novel diseases, e.g., new pandemics or new variants, there are few existing labels. In addition, the acquisition of new pandemic cases to collect sufficient labels for training is time-consuming and is typically unavailable at the early stage. To prepare neural networks for the next pandemic, in this paper, we propose a large language model - Unsupervised Learning from Unlabelled Medical Images and Text (ULUMIT) framework, which can learn broad medical knowledge (e.g., image understanding, text semantics, and clinical phenotypes) from unlabelled data. As a result, when encountering new pandemics, our framework can be rapidly deployed and easily adapted to them with extremely limited labels. Furthermore, ULUMIT supports medical data across visual modality (e.g., chest X-ray and CT) and textual modality (e.g., medical report and free-text clinical note); therefore, it can be used for any clinical task that involves both visual and textual medical data. We demonstrate the effectiveness of our ULUMIT by showing how it would perform using the COVID-19 pandemic ``in replay''. In particular, in the retrospective setting, we test the model on the early COVID-19 datasets; and in the prospective setting, we test the model on the new variant COVID-19-Omicron. The experiments are conducted on 1) three kinds of input medical data, image-only, text-only, and image-text; 2) three kinds of downstream tasks, medical reporting, diagnosis, and prognosis; 3) five public COVID-19 datasets; and 4) three different languages, i.e., English, Chinese, and Spanish. All experiments consistently show that our framework can make accurate and robust COVID-19 decision-support tasks with little labelled data (such as considering information from only one patient), providing an impact on medical data analysis during the early stage of the next pandemic. Besides COVID-19, our framework can be applied to identify 14 common thorax diseases and tuberculosis across five additional public datasets, demonstrating its robustness in generalization and transferability. In brief, our framework achieves state-of-the-art performances on ten datasets.