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Gas chromatography – tandem mass spectrometry (GC-MS/MS) using formic acid as a protective agent is reported for the determination of acrylic resin monomers in food contact packaging paper. The analytes were extracted by ethanol mixed with formic acid with 2-phenylethyl propionate as the internal standard. The extract was separated by a 6% cyanopropylbenzene-94% dimethylsiloxane ultra-inert chromatographic column and analyzed by GC-MS/MS in multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) mode. 13 acrylic resin monomers including acrylic acid, styrene, and acrylic ester were separated. The procedure was successfully applied for the analysis of real samples. The procedure provided a linear calibration range with detection limits from 0.16 to 0.46 mg kg−1. The mean recoveries were from 88.1% to 100.9% with relative standard deviations less than 5.4%. The residual acrylic resin monomers in packaging paper were primarily from printing base paper and varnish. Of the acrylic resin monomers, the monomers except for butyl acrylate and 2-ethylhexyl acrylate showed low migration rates. The method provides high sensitivity and good reproducibility with simple pretreatment, demonstrating application for monitoring acrylic resin monomers in food contact packaging paper.

Background Approximately one-third of spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage patients did not know the onset time and were excluded from studies about time-dependent treatments for hyperacute spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage. Aims To help clinicians explore the benefit of time-dependent treatments for unclear-onset patients, we presented artificial intelligence models to identify onset time using non-contrast computed tomography (NCCT) based on weakly supervised multitask learning (WS-MTL) structure. Methods The patients with reliable symptom onset time (strong label) or repeat CT (weak label) were included and split into training set and test set (internal and external). The WS-MTL structure utilized strong and weak labels simultaneously to improve performance. The models included three binary classification models for classifying whether NCCT acquired within 6, 8 or 12 h for different treatments measured by area under curve, and a regression model for determining the exact onset time measured by mean absolute error. The generalizability of models was also explored in comprehensive analysis. Results A total of 4004 patients with 10,780 NCCT scans were included. The performance of WS-MTL classification model showed high accuracy, and that of regression model was satisfactory in ≤6 h subgroup. In comprehensive analysis, the WS-MTL showed better performance for larger hematomas and thinner scans. And the performance improved effectively as training amounts increasing and could be improved steadily through retraining. Conclusions The WS-MTL models showed good performance and generalizability. Considering the large number of unclear-onset spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage patients, it may be worth to integrate the WS-MTL model into clinical practice to identify the onset time.

Objective\ud To evaluate high-frequency (10-kHz) spinal cord stimulation (SCS) treatment in refractory painful diabetic neuropathy.\ud \ud Patients and Methods\ud A prospective, multicenter randomized controlled trial was conducted between Aug 28, 2017 and March 16, 2021, comparing conventional medical management (CMM) with 10-kHz SCS+CMM. The participants had hemoglobin A1c level of less than or equal to 10% and pain greater than or equal to 5 of 10 cm on visual analog scale, with painful diabetic neuropathy symptoms 12 months or more refractory to gabapentinoids and at least 1 other analgesic class. Assessments included measures of pain, neurologic function, and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) over 12 months with optional crossover at 6 months.\ud \ud Results\ud The participants were randomized 1:1 to CMM (n=103) or 10-kHz SCS+CMM (n=113). At 6 months, 77 of 95 (81%) CMM group participants opted for crossover, whereas none of the 10-kHz SCS group participants did so. At 12 months, the mean pain relief from baseline among participants implanted with 10-kHz SCS was 74.3% (95% CI, 70.1-78.5), and 121 of 142 (85%) participants were treatment responders (≥50% pain relief). Treatment with 10-kHz SCS improved HRQoL, including a mean improvement in the EuroQol 5-dimensional questionnaire index score of 0.136 (95% CI, 0.104-0.169). The participants also reported significantly less pain interference with sleep, mood, and daily activities. At 12 months, 131 of 142 (92%) participants were “satisfied” or “very satisfied” with the 10-kHz SCS treatment.\ud \ud Conclusion\ud The 10-kHz SCS treatment resulted in substantial pain relief and improvement in overall HRQoL 2.5- to 4.5-fold higher than the minimal clinically important difference. The outcomes were durable over 12 months and support 10-kHz SCS treatment in patients with refractory painful diabetic neuropathy.\ud \ud Trial registration\ud \ud clincaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT03228420

Wetlands (rivers, lakes, bogs, etc.), the biodiversity hotspots, provide habitats for biology on Earth and play an important role in biodiversity protection around the world. However, they are damaged by dam construction all over the world. Many studies have been conducted on the effects of dam construction on biodiversity, but a review about it is missing. The objectives of this review are: (1) to discuss the effects of dam construction on biodiversity in freshwater wetlands; and (2) to identify the future directions for research in this field. To achieve these objectives, 347 significant publications from 2000 to 2017 were selected (based on a rigorous screening processes and a systematic literature review approach) from the ISI Web of Knowledge database. Dam construction decreased the water fungal biomass and richness in reservoirs and downstream reaches, but increased the amount of soil microorganisms in downstream lake wetlands. The studies about effects of dam on benthos mainly focused on macroinvertebrate, periphyton and mussel. Most studies about the effects on macroinvertebrate claimed that dam construction caused increases in biomass and decreases in taxa richness in downstream reaches. The studies about effects of dam on plankton mainly focused on phytoplankton, zooplankton, planktonic microorganisms and ichthyoplankton. Effects of dam on fish (including aquatic mammals) included blocking migration route, habitat fragmentation, changing from lotic to lentic water in the impounded area, release of hypolimnetic cold water of reservoir, and changes of water flow in downstream reaches. Studies about effects of dam construction on botany mainly focused on the riparian plants, but there were few studies on floating plants and submerged macrophyte and effects of dam construction on botany in downstream lake wetlands. There were only few studies that examined these effects of dam on bird. We also pointed out the future directions for research in this field.

Biochar and compost are seen as two attractive waste management options and are used for soil amendment and pollution remediation. The interaction between biochar and composting may improve the potential benefits of biochar and compost. We investigated soil physicochemical properties, bacterial community, bacterial 16S rRNA, and functional marker genes of nitrogen cycling of the soil remedied with nothing (S), compost (SC), biochar (SB), a mixture of compost and biochar (SBC), composted biochar (SBced), and a composted mixture of biochar and biomass (SBCing). The results were that all amendments (1) increased the bacterial community richness (except SB) and SBCing showed the greatest efficiency; (2) increased the bacterial community diversity (SBCing > SBC > SC > SBced > SB > S); and (3) changed the gene copy numbers of 16S rRNA, nirK, nirS, and nosZ genes of bacteria, ammonia-oxidizing archaea (AOA), and ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB). All amendments (except SB) could increase the gene copy number of 16S rRNA, and SBCing had the greatest efficiency. The changes of soil bacterial community richness and diversity and the gene copy numbers of 16S rRNA, nirK, nirS, nosZ, AOA, and AOB would affect carbon and nitrogen cycling of the ecosystem and also implied that BCing had the greatest efficiency on soil amendment.

Based on the analysis of driving factors of urban drought, this paper adopts different methods of water balance and drought identification for different water supply sources, such as local water storage and transit runoff. By calculating the city water shortage rate and frequency under different water supply conditions and combining with the benefit analysis model of water supply for each water using sectors, the relationship curve between water loss and water shortage rate for each major industry in cities and towns is established. Based on the dynamic optimal distribution of water shortage for each industry and the forecast results of precipitation and runoff, the dynamic loss and risk assessment method for urban drought with different water supply sources is put forward. Taking Qidong County and the towns of Hengyang City along the Xiangjiang River as examples, the model method is validated. The results show that there is a power function relationship between the urban drought loss and the water shortage during the drought period, the models may provide theoretical reference for optimizing urban water allocation management and making urban drought resistance plan.

Compost and biochar, used for the remediation of soil, are seen as attractive waste management options for the increasing volume of organic wastes being produced. This paper reviews the interaction of biochar and composting and its implication for soil amendment and pollution remediation. The interaction of biochar and composting affect each other’s properties. Biochar could change the physico-chemical properties, microorganisms, degradation, humification and gas emission of composting, such as the increase of nutrients, cation exchange capacity (CEC), organic matter and microbial activities. The composting could also change the physico-chemical properties and facial functional groups of biochar, such as the improvement of nutrients, CEC, functional groups and organic matter. These changes would potentially improve the efficiency of the biochar and composting for soil amendment and pollution remediation. Based on the above review, this paper also discusses the future research required in this field.

The three-photon resonant ionization spectroscopy of H-2 B-1 Sigma(+)(u) - X-1 Sigma(+)(g) (12,0) and C-1 Pi(a), - X-1 Sigma(+)(g) (2,0) exhibits abnormal pressure effects. Some of them are observed for the first time Pressure-induced abnormal line shift, line broadening, line splitting and spectral intensity variations can he well explained by a chanism of reabsorption of the third harmonic generation in the medium. Approximate expressions considering the phase matching requirement yield lineshifts, -splitting and -intensities at different pressures in good agreement with the experimental results. Two similar spectra are detected by two tandem electrode pairs in a gas call which give experimental evidence for THG reabsorption mechanism. The failure to obtain ion signal from circularly polarised light also supports the ab The failure to obtain ion signal from mechanism.

The wool was treated as Cr(III) adsorbent. The influence of the ratio of wool and solution on the rate of removal Cr(III) from wastewater and the adsorption isotherm of Cr(III) by wool were studied. The result shows that the adsorption isotherm of Cr(III) by wool was typical L model. The model of Langmuir is better than Frenudlich to describe the change regularity of the equilibrium adsorption amount with concentration Cr(III). As the temperature is 293K, 303K, 313K, the coefficient linear regression of Langmuir reached 0.982, 0.997, 0.999 and the saturated adsorption capacity is 15.87 mg/g, 19.61 mg/g, 20.83mg/g. The adsorption kinetics indicated that the process of wool adsorption divided in rapid surface adsorption and slow internal pervasion. The data of the relationship of adsorption time and adsorption capacity were simulated by the pseudo-first and a second order model, the latter is better. The structure of wool, treated wool and absorptive wool were characterized by FTIR. The amido, carboxyl and sulfhydryl, etc. act as important groups in wool adsorption process.

© 2019 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. Objectives: This international, multicentre study will inform the final data collection tools and processes which will comprise the first international, clinical research registry for complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS). This study will: (a) test the feasibility and acceptability of collecting outcome measurement data using a patient reported, questionnaire core measurement set (COMPACT [Core Outcome Measurement set for complex regional PAin syndrome Clinical sTudies]); and (b) test and refine an electronic data management system to collect and manage the data. Methods: A maximum of 240 adults, meeting the Budapest diagnostic clinical criteria for CRPS type I or II, will be recruited across eight countries. The COMPACT questionnaire will be completed on two occasions: at baseline (T1) and 6months later (T2). At T2, participants will choose to complete COMPACT using a paper or electronic version. Participants will be asked to feed back on their experience of completing COMPACT via a questionnaire. A separate questionnaire will ask clinicians to feed back their experience of data collection. Analysis: The study is not aiming to derive statistically significant data but to ascertain the practicalities of collecting data, using the COMPACT questionnaire set, across a range of different cultures and populations. At the end of the study, a single workshop will be convened to review the findings and agree the final documents and processes for the international registry.