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The honeybees are the most important pollinator in the production of crops and fresh produce. Temperature affects the survival of honeybees, and determines the quality of their development, which is of great significance for beekeeping production. Yet, little was known about how does low temperature stress during development stage cause bee death and any sub-lethal effect on subsequent. Early pupal stage is the most sensitive stage to low temperature in pupal stage. In this study, early pupal broods were exposed to 20°C for 12, 16, 24, and 48 h, followed by incubation at 35°C until emergence. We found that 48 h of low temperature duration cause 70% of individual bees to die. Although the mortality at 12 and 16 h seems not very high, the association learning ability of the surviving individuals was greatly affected. The brain slices of honeybees showed that low temperature treatment could cause the brain development of honeybees to almost stop. Gene expression profiles between low temperature treatment groups (T24, T48) and the control revealed that 1,267 and 1,174 genes were differentially expressed respectively. Functional enrichment analysis of differentially expressed genes showed that the differential expression of Map3k9, Dhrs4, and Sod-2 genes on MAPK and peroxisome signaling pathway caused oxidative damage to the honeybee head. On the FoxO signal pathway, InsR and FoxO were upregulated, and JNK, Akt, and Bsk were downregulated; and on the insect hormone synthesis signal pathway, Phm and Spo genes were downregulated. Therefore, we speculate that low temperature stress affects hormone regulation. It was detected that the pathways related to the nervous system were Cholinergic synapse, Dopaminergic synapse, GABAergic synapse, Glutamatergic synapse, Serotonergic synapse, Neurotrophin signaling pathway, and Synaptic vesicle cycle. This implies that the synaptic development of honeybees is quite possibly greatly affected by low temperature stress. Understanding how low temperature stress affects the physiology of bee brain development and how it affects bee behavior provide a theoretical foundation for a deeper comprehension of the temperature adaptation mechanism that underlies the “stenothermic” development of social insects, and help to improve honeybee management strategies to ensure the healthy of colony.

Whether the development of honeybee broods is healthy or not determines the productivity of bee colonies. Pupation is a critical period in the development of holometabolous insects, characterized by the transition from larva to pupa, and its sensitivity to high temperature was investigated in Apis cerana worker bees. Mature larvae (ML), the first and second days of prepupa (PP1 and PP2), and the first day of pupa (P1) were exposed to 40°C for varied durations of time. The mortality, development duration, birth weight, size of the body, and appendages of eclosed Apis cerana worker bees were measured. Results showed that PP1 had the highest mortality, the lowest birth weight, and the longest development duration among the pupation stages. When exposed to 40°C for 12 h and 16 h, more than 28 and 84% of PP1 failed to complete development, respectively. Additionally, high-temperature treatment had a significant effect on the length of the proboscis, the size of the forewing, and the size of the hind leg. These findings suggest that ML and PP1 are crucial checkpoints for wing and appendage (proboscis and legs) development and provide insights into the mechanisms of honeybee brood susceptibility to high-temperature stress in the context of global warming.

Additional file 2: Figure S1. Distribution of bacterial taxa at the phylum level and genus level; Figure S2. Reveal of characteristic bacterial taxa based on LDA Effect Size (LEfSe) analysis between Healthy-LB and PCOS-LB, between Healthy-HB and PCOS-HB; Figure S3. Distribution of fungal taxa at the phylum level and genus level; Figure S4. Reveal of characteristic fungal taxa based on LDA Effect Size (LEfSe) analysis between Healthy-LB and PCOS-LB; Figure S5. Reveal of characteristic fungal taxa based on LDA Effect Size (LEfSe) analysis between Healthy-HB and PCOS-HB; Figure S6. Serum metabolome changes in disease and healthy subjects; Figure S7. Reveal of characteristic metabolites based on LDA Effect Size (LEfSe) analysis between Healthy-LB and PCOS-LB; Figure S8. Reveal of characteristic metabolites based on LDA Effect Size (LEfSe) analysis between Healthy-HB and PCOS-HB; Figure S9. The bacterial genera and predicted pathway features were excavated on the base of Wilcox test comparison and Mean Decrease Gini by random forest importance parameter; Figure S10. The fungal genera and metabolites were excavated on the base of Wilcox test comparison and Mean Decrease Gini by random forest importance parameter; Figure S11. Correlation between bacterial diversity and fungal diversity.

Background Epileptic seizures are common symptoms in brain arteriovenous malformation patients and seizure control was an important issue in the treatments. This retrospective study attempted to define the risk factors of seizure presentation and to evaluate the effects of treatment modalities on seizure outcomes. Methods Patients receiving single treatment modality during 2013-2016 years, followed up more than 2 years were recruited. Logistic regression analysis was used to detect independent predictors. The factors associated with seizure control were analyzed in patients with pre-treatment seizures, and the factors associated with de novo seizures were analyzed in patents without pre-treatment seizures. Results Multivariate analysis identified that the independent predictors of seizure presentation were unruptured (ruptured vs. unruptured, OR =0.314), and in the frontal (frontal vs. parietal, OR =3.982) or temporal lobe (temporal vs parietal, OR =3.313). In 47 patients with seizure presentation, good seizure outcomes were achieved in 26 cases. Partial obliteration of nidus (partial vs complete, OR =32.301) and headache presentation were independent predictors of poor outcome. In 169 patients without seizure presentation, de novo seizures occurred in 22 cases. Treatments of microsurgery or radiosurgery led to a higher incidence of de novo seizures than intravascular embolization. Conclusions Patients with unruptured and frontal/temporal lobe located nidus were more likely to manifest seizure presentation. Incomplete nidus obliteration was an independent risk factor of poor outcomes in patients with pre-existing seizures. However, compared to microsurgery or radiosurgery, endovascular embolization was less likely to cause de novo seizures in patients without pre-existing seizures.

A water-soluble phenolic resin composite crosslinking agent was synthesized by the combination of water-soluble phenolic resin and metal ions promote cross-linking agent. The water-soluble excellent multi-methylol phenolic resin was synthesized by two-step method, followed by addition of an appropriate amount of metal ions to improve their gelling properties. The two-step method could promote the reaction of phenol and formaldehyde, so the main product was multi-methylol phenolic resin. The introduction of metal ions promoted cross-linking agent to make excellent gelling properties. This new kind of crosslinking agent was odor less, low toxicity, and efficient. Based on this kind of water-soluble phenolic resin composite crosslinking agent, the partially hydrolysed polyacrylamide showed good gelling properties. The minimum amount of cross-linking agent was 0.1% with high gelling strength; its gelation temperature could be adjusted from 60°C-120°C and its gelling time could be controlled between 8h and 48h. The stability of gel system was more than 60 days. The composite crosslinking agent has great prospects in the field of oilfield water shutoff profile.

We present a new case of angioleiomyoma, with detailed preoperative magnetic resonance imaging and digital subtraction angiography studies. A 36-year-old man was referred to our hospital for headache and diplopia. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed a large tumor located in the right cavernous sinus, and it was resected subtotally. The residual tumor was treated with CyberKnife, which, to our knowledge, is the first use of CyberKnife treatment for intracranial angioleiomyoma. At 20 months postoperatively, the size of the residual tumor had been reduced.

Objective: To evaluate the effects of manual therapy combine with Baduangong exercise to treat neck-type cervical spondylosis. Methods: Patients were randomized to control group (cervical manipulation ) and experimental group (combining cervical manipulation with Baduangong exercise). The two groups received manipulation of the cervical spine alone every other day for 2 weeks, and the experimental group performed Baduangong also. VAS scale and NDI were all completed. Results: There were 21 patients, 12 in control group and 9 in experimental group. The mean age of the patients is 39.1±5.2years. Mean VAS score and NDI of the control group is 3.31±0.99 and 28.67±7.88, while 3.74±0.92, 27.11±2.93 in experimental group, respectively. After treatment, two groups reduce pain significantly, and the experimental group showed a quick improvement. 4 patients (33.3%) relapse in control group and 1 patient (11.1%) in experimental group. Significant differences were found in between pre and pro-treat (P 0.05). Conclusion: It is suggested that manual therapy can relieve neck pain, moreover, combine with Baduangong exercise, it is more beneficial to relieve neck and reduce the recurrence rate.

During the single-stage drawing of oval cylindrical workpieces, the deformation is not distributed uniformly along the edge of the deforming areas. Therefore, the shape and size of the blanks can not be determined simply according to the theory of drawing cylindrical workpieces. Based on theoretical analysis and the results of many experiments, this paper shows the method for determining the appropriate shape and size of the blanks, i.e., “the K -value method”, and also the method for determining the forming limit of oval cylindrical workpieces when the “ K -value method” is applied. Hence the process calculation of single-stage drawing of oval cylindrical workpieces is made simpler and more reliable.

There often appears longitudinal cracking in deep-drawn austenitic stainless-steel parts that is due mainly to the presence of tangential stress and to the structure of the metal. In this paper, the X-ray diffraction (XRD) method is used to test and analyse the residual tangential stress and the content of induced martensite transformation in two kinds of stainless steel under different deformation conditions. Based on the results, a compound technology of smaller clearance drawing and ironing is presented. The results of testing verify that deep stainless-steel cups with fewer stages of deformation, a lesser number of annealings and no longitudinal cracking can be produced through the use of this technology, which latter also can save energy and reduce pollution.

Coilin is the signature protein of the Cajal body (CB), a nuclear suborganelle involved in the biogenesis of small nuclear ribonucleoproteins (snRNPs). Newly imported Sm-class snRNPs are thought to traffic through CBs before proceeding to their final nuclear destinations. Loss of coilin function in mice leads to significant viability and fertility problems. Coilin interacts directly with the spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) protein via dimethylarginine residues in its C-terminal domain. Although coilin hypomethylation results in delocalization of survival of motor neurons (SMN) from CBs, high concentrations of snRNPs remain within these structures. Thus, CBs appear to be involved in snRNP maturation, but factors that tether snRNPs to CBs have not been described. In this report, we demonstrate that the coilin C-terminal domain binds directly to various Sm and Lsm proteins via their Sm motifs. We show that the region of coilin responsible for this binding activity is separable from that which binds to SMN. Interestingly, U2, U4, U5, and U6 snRNPs interact with the coilin C-terminal domain in a glutathione S-transferase (GST)-pulldown assay, whereas U1 and U7 snRNPs do not. Thus, the ability to interact with free Sm (and Lsm) proteins as well as with intact snRNPs, indicates that coilin and CBs may facilitate the modification of newly formed snRNPs, the regeneration of 'mature' snRNPs, or the reclamation of unassembled snRNP components.