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Additional file 1: Fig S1. The mRNA expression heatmap of cadherin family in colonic epithelium of CD patients. Fig S2. PCDH20 expression in inflamed tissue of CD patients and successful construction of DSS and TNBS colitis. a Decreased expression of PCDH20 in inflamed tissue of CD patients. b-c Successful construction of TNBS colitis, greater weight loss, shortened colon length. d-g Successful construction of DSS colitis, greater weight loss, higher disease activity index, shortened colon length, and higher myeloperoxidaseactivity. Each group n > 3. * p

Additional file 4. Supplementary methods.

Additional file 5. Peer review history.

Additional file 1: Figure S1. TLR4-/- mice develop severe DSS-induced colitis. Figure S2. Loss of TLR4 significantly alters gut microbiota taxonomic composition. Figure S3. FMT alleviates colon inflammation in TLR4-/- mice. Figure S4. Gut microbiota PCoA profile of Co-housing and FMT experiments. Figure S5. Gut microbiota taxonomic composition in FMT experiments. Figure S6. Gut microbiota taxonomic composition in Co-housing experiments. Figure S7. The intestinal innate immune responses evaluation between WT and TLR4-/- mice. Figure S8. The intestinal adaptive immune responses evaluation between WT and TLR4-/- mice. Figure S9. The cytokines profile of Treg and Th17 cells between WT and TLR4-/- mice. Figure S10. Correlation analysis between RORγt+ Treg cells and clinical parameters. Figure S11. Correlation analysis between differential flora and phenotypic indicators. Figure S12. Gut microbiota landscope of Co-housing and FMT experiments. Figure S13. The relative abundance of A. muciniphila is decreased in stool samples in patients with UC. Figure S14. The microbiome of UC patients are different from healthy participants. Figure S15. The microbiome of UC patients are different from healthy participants. Figure S16. The microbiome of UC patients are different from healthy participants. Figure S17. The microbiome of UC patients are different from healthy participants. Figure S18. A. muciniphila abundance discrepancy following single bacteria supplementation. Figure S19. Correlation analysis between transcription factor expression and A. muciniphila colonization. Figure S20. The intestinal innate immune responses evaluation between WT and TLR4-/- mice after A. muciniphila supplementation. Figure S21. Intestinal epithelial-derived TLR4 pathway participating in intestinal immune activation against colitis. Figure S22. A. muciniphila abundance discrepancy in BMT experiment following bacteria supplementation. Figure S23. TLR4 affects the intestinal colonization of A. muciniphila during homeostasis. Figure S24. The Interaction between TLR4 and Amuc-1100 mediated the intestinal colonization of A. muciniphila. Figure S25-S27. Top-ranked possible complex scenarios of TLR4 and Amuc-1100 based on ZDOCK prediction. Supplemental Methods. Faecal genomic DNA extraction and 16S-rRNA sequencing. Antibiotic cocktail treatment. Co-housing experiment. Faecal microbiota transplantation (FMT). Single-cell isolation. Flow cytometry. Gut microbiota qPCR quantification. Cultivation of A. muciniphila and Mouse Colonization with A. muciniphila. Meta-analysis of microbiome changes in patients with UC.

The contradiction between vibration control performance in working period and the impact property in transport and ascent stage is a difficulty in the design of vibration absorber. This paper analyzes the relationships among vibration force, amplitude and natural frequency of a single degree-of-freedom vibration isolation system. The curves of the relationship between them are drawn. A method to solve this problem is also presented.

New supply chain strategies, such as vendor managed inventory (VMI), collaborative planning, forecasting and replenishment (CPFR) and efficient consumer response (ECR), have begun to exploit new E-business communication channels. It is well-accepted by supply chain executives that information sharing and physical flow coordination can lead to enhanced supply chain performance. The impact of e-business have forced companies to take a look at and redefine their supply chain strategies. This paper analyzed different e-business scenarios, and then established e-business enabled supply chain procedure models of RAD. With key variables in these procedures were quantified, corresponding simulation steps were presented for quantifying the impact of ICT. At the same time, e-business enabled supply chain simulation results under different kinds of demand were illuminated.

Extreme ultraviolet (EUV) lithography at λ =6.7 nm is a challenging subject for next generation semiconductor lithography beyond 13.5 nm. The availability of strong radiation at the operating wavelength and low-debris of the plasma source are the two most important aspects for the development of laser-produced Gd plasma source at 6.7 nm. In this paper, experimental research on the extreme ultraviolet source based on the laser-produced Gd plasma is performed. Strong radiation near 6.7 nm from the source has been obtained, which is attributed to the n=4-n=4 transitions in Gd ions that overlap to yield an intense unresolved transition array (UTA). Dependence of spectral variation near the strong emission region of Gd plasma on the incident laser power density and detection angles is given. It is found that the intensity of EUV radiation around 6.7 nm is increased with increasing laser power density, and the emission peak around 7.1 nm increases faster than that of emission peak around 6.7 nm after the laser intensity reaching 6.4×1011 W/cm2, which is ascribed to the unique spectroscopic behavior of Gd ions. In addition, the energy of the ion debris from laser-produced Gd plasma source as well as the angular distribution of the ion yield off the target normal are measured with Faraday cup. Results show that the ion energy corresponding to the peak position of Gd ion energy distribution is about 2.6 keV at 10° off the target normal, and the yield of Gd ions decreases with the increase of the angle from the target normal. Furthermore, the stopping ability of an ambient magnetic field for ion debris from laser Gd plasma source is evaluated, and the result shows that the energetic Gd ion can be effectively mitigated by applying a 0.9 T magnetic field.

With the impact of the e-business enabled supply chain on manufacturers and other members being deeply well understood and exploited, new supply chain strategies, such as vendor-managed inventory, collaborative planning, forecasting and replenishment, and efficient consumer response, have begun to exploit these new communication channels. This paper is aimed at establishing e-business-enabled supply chain procedure models and simulation research for quantifying the impact of information and communication technologies. Simulation results of e-business supply chains illuminate diverse practical effects under different kinds of demand.