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With the rapid development of urbanization and the current global epidemic of covid-19, our urban construction seems to be less connected to the natural world, ecological diversity is decreasing, and the relationship between human beings and nature is gradually weakening. At present, the proposal of a new design concept, biophilic design, has created a way that modern society can return to the essence of human beings. As Biophilia means "love for life and living systems", this design philosophy incorporates the essence of our lives and as a way of design brings nature into the environment in which we live and work. Design stimulates human cognition of nature from all senses, brings nature into the built environment, creates a space with a sense of comfort and well-being, and promotes sustainable development. Diversity of life can be preserved, and the relationship between human beings and nature can be harmonious. However, there are still a series of problems and challenges in the process of biophilic design practice. In this study, the concept and importance of biophilia are discussed, examines the issues and challenges of biophilic design for intimate spaces, expounds on how biophilic design builds the unification of indoor and outdoor spaces and discusses the process of biophilic design Whether privacy is preserved or rediscovered.

Purpose Ultrasound (US) has been reported to improve the permeability of cell membranes to pharmaceuticals by causing cavitation. Astaxanthin (AX) potently terminates the induction of inflammation, but it has low oral bioavailability, which limits its incorporation in local cells and organs and its therapeutic potential. In this study, we aimed to investigate the contribution of US to AX incorporation to compensate for the limited incorporation of AX, and regulation of the pro-inflammatory factor interleukin-1β (IL-1β) by AX. Methods Murine bone marrow-derived macrophages were stimulated by lipopolysaccharide (LPS). After 2 h, cells were treated with 10 μM AX and/or pulsed high-intensity US irradiation. The cells were then incubated for another 3 h and harvested. AX incorporation in cells was measured by absorbance, and the expression of IL-1β was measured by qPCR. All values are expressed as means ± standard error of the mean. Results The combination of AX and US significantly increased AX incorporation in cells compared to AX alone (p

Inactivity causes muscle atrophy and capillary regression in skeletal muscle. Chlorogenic acid has an antioxidant capacity and may prevent capillary regression. Therefore, the protective effects of chlorogenic acid on inactivity-induced capillary regression in rat soleus muscle were investigated. Twenty male Wistar rats were randomly divided into four groups: control (CON), chlorogenic acid supplementation (CGA), 2-week hindlimb unloading (HU), 2-week hindlimb unloading plus chlorogenic acid supplementation (HU+CGA). The rats in CGA and HU+CGA groups were orally administrated chlorogenic acid (850 mg/kg/day). Unloading resulted in a decrease in capillary number, oxidative capacity, and an increase in oxidative stress of the soleus muscle, whereas chlorogenic acid supplementation prevented capillary and metabolic changes resulting from unloading by reducing oxidative stress. In conclusion, chlorogenic acid supplementation may qualify as an effective treatment to reduce capillary regression in skeletal muscle caused by disuse muscle atrophy.

Conflict is an inevitable social phenomenon and the analysis of it can effectively resolve disputes, improve the position of decision makers (DMs), forecast compromise solutions as well. At present, the Graph Model for Conflict Resolution (GMCR), a completely non-quantitative decision support system (DSS) based on DM’s ordinal preference information, is constructed to combat conflict analysis complicated by multiple participant or multiple criteria or both. The purpose of the study is to introduce an overview of GMCR in conflict analyzing through bibliometrics. In order to achieve this goal, a systematic review of articles in leading journals of Web of Science Core Collection (WoSCC) during 1987–2019 is posed, referring to the distribution of countries, institutions, authors, subjects and journals, research topics and hotspots exploration as well as frontiers prediction, by utilizing VOSviewer and CiteSpace. The contributions of this study are not only providing a handy method to grasp generalized scientific research situation, but also demonstrating status quo and emerging trends of GMCR for researchers and everyone who interested in.

Past reviews of cyberbullying preventative interventions have critiqued the field regarding scientific rigor, and a meta-analysis found that randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of such interventions were more effective than non-RCTs. However, no review has examined the risk of bias, dosage, modality, and delivery context of such programs to date. The current study addresses this gap through a systematic review of the literature. Potential articles (N = 4,737) from 4 databases were identified and screened (Academic Search Premier including ERIC, PsychINFO, and the Psychology and Behavioral Collection; PubMed; Web of Science; Compendex); 72 articles were reviewed for eligibility. Final articles included (N = 30) were based on a rigorous search process guided by inclusion and exclusion criteria. The majority of studies were conducted in Europe; two were conducted in the USA, three in Australia, and two in the Middle East. Efforts to reduce risk of bias were evaluated using the Cochrane's Risk of Bias tool. Harvest plots were constructed to qualitatively illustrate the rigor, dosage, modality, and context of the interventions, and meta-analytic random effects models were conducted to examine effect sizes of the interventions on cyberbullying perpetration and victimization. Results suggest that cyberbullying interventions delivered through schools are effective, though expanded follow-up time is suggested, and additional evidence is needed for home settings and digital delivery.

Summary Background & aims Muscle atrophy is a public health issue and inflammation is a major cause of muscle atrophy. While docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), which are typical ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, are reported to have anti-inflammatory effects on endotoxin-induced inflammatory responses, their effects on inflammatory muscle atrophy have not been clarified. In this study, we aimed to investigate the effects of DHA and EPA on inflammatory muscle atrophy. Methods DHA or EPA was added to C2C12 myotubes at a concentration of 25, 50, or 100 μM, and 1 h later, lipopolysaccharide (LPS) was added at a concentration of 1 μg/mL. Two hours after the first LPS addition, mRNA expression of atrogin-1 and Murf-1 in C2C12 myotubes was measured. The second LPS addition was performed 24 h after the first LPS addition, and myotube diameter, myofibrillar protein, and cell viability were measured. One-way ANOVA and Tukey's multiple comparison test were used for statistical processing of the results, and the significance level was set to less than 5 %. Results The LPS-added group significantly decreased the myotube diameter and the myofibrillar protein content compared to the control group. The myotube diameter was significantly higher in the 25 μM, 50 μM DHA and 25 μM EPA-added groups compared to the LPS group. In the 25 μM DHA and EPA-added groups, the myofibrillar protein content was significantly higher than that in the LPS group. The mRNA expression levels of atrogin-1 and murf-1 were significantly suppressed in the 25 μM DHA and EPA-added groups compared to the LPS group. The cell viability did not change by the addition of LPS, DHA, and EPA. Conclusions The addition of DHA or EPA suppressed the decrease in myotube diameter and myofibrillar protein content and suppressed the increase in atrogin-1 and murf-1 induced by LPS. This study showed the preventive effect of DHA and EPA on endotoxin-induced muscle atrophy.

Extremely cold temperatures are a significant threat to agriculture and transportation in winter in southeastern China. However, due to the shortness of instrumental records and the scarcity of long-term temperature reconstructions, more high-quality temperature reconstructions are still needed to fully examine their spatial-temporal variability over the past several centuries. In this study, we built an earlywood width (EWW) chronology, a latewood width (LWW) chronology, and a tree-ring width (TRW) chronology using tree-ring samples of Pinus taiwanensis Hayata from the western Tianmu Mountains and the Xianyu Mountains in southeastern China. The tree growth-climate relationships were analyzed, and we found the strongest correlation between December and March mean temperature and the EWW chronology. The December-March mean temperature history was then reconstructed over the period of 1871-2016 using a linear regression model, which is the first EWW-based temperature reconstruction in southeastern China. With a higher explained variance (47.0%) than that (31.7%) of a previous reconstruction using a TRW chronology, the quality of the model has largely improved. This reconstruction was also comparable with other nearby records, further demonstrating the reliability of our new model. Furthermore, our reconstruction exhibits a significantly negative relationship with the East Asian winter monsoon index (EAWMI) since the 1920s, which may be attributed to the obviously enhanced EAWMI thereafter.

The continuous development of VANET has accelerated the development of V2X communication. In the DSRC communication mode of VANET, the location information of the vehicles is interfered by factors such as high-density broadcasting and electromagnetic radiation, which can lead to the loss of the original vehicle information data collected by GPS easily. To solve it, this paper proposed the Least Squared SVM based Beacon Data Complete Algorithm. Unlike previous studies that historical trends of vehicle operation were mainly used to predict vehicle location., this method attempts to find a function, which is used to establish the relationship between the lost value and the past value of the vehicle. On this basis, a nonlinear function approximation strategy is used to predict the position of the missing vehicle. Part of the original data was lost artificially to complete checking calculation and to verify the effectiveness of it. The results show that the average relative error between the complemented vehicle position data and the real data is 0.45% and the maximum absolute relative error is 8.25%. This method has the advantage of not needing to extract historical trend data and high calculation accuracy compared with the methods such as PWHOG algorithm, difference matrix, and moving average data preprocessing. It is suitable for real-time acquisition of vehicle position of VANET and can reduce the complexity of detection time.

The dynamic effects, mainly including the inertia effect and strain-rate effect, on the dynamic wheel–rail contact behavior become more and more serious as the train speed increases. The inertia effect can be automatically taken into account in explicit finite element analysis codes, while the strain-rate effect needs to be considered via inputting the related material parameters. In the present paper, the influence of strain rate on the dynamic wheel–rail contact response for the straight track case was explored, based on a 3D wheel–rail rolling contact finite element model, via LS-DYNA/explicit algorithm. Effects of the axle load and train speed on typical dynamic wheel–rail responses were discussed, and the results indicate that the coupled train speed with strain rate has a non-negligible influence on dynamic contact responses. The strain rate hardening effect increases the maximum contact pressure and stress, and inhibits the plastic deformation of the wheel–rail system. A rate-sensitive factor (RSF) was then introduced to describe the strain rate hardening effect, confirming that the rail is more sensitive to strain rate compared to the wheel. Finally, an error analysis of the wheel–rail Hertz contact theory was conducted, which further verify the differences between elastic and elastic-plastic contact solutions.

We investigated the magnetization dynamics of the 350 nm permalloy film with in plane domain (IPD), stripe domain (SD), and labyrinth domain (LD) patterns. Experimental and micromagnetic simulation results showed that the change in magnetic domain structure from IPD to LD was due to the increasing perpendicular magnetic anisotropy (PMA) of the film. The magnetization dynamics indicated that the resonant modes of the film strongly depended on the magnetic domain structure. IPD films presented a uniform precession mode. The film with well-regular SD exhibited clear acoustic and optical resonance modes, and the formation of LD suppressed both resonance modes. Finally, the dynamics of magnetization dependent on the domain structure in these films were discussed by using the phenomenological resonance models.

Inflammation contributes to skeletal muscle atrophy via protein degradation induced by p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) phosphorylation. Meanwhile, pulsed ultrasound irradiation provides the mechanical stimulation to the target tissue, and has been reported to show anti-inflammatory effects. This study investigated the preventive effects of pulsed ultrasound irradiation on muscle atrophy induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in C2C12 myotubes.C2C12 myotubes were used in this research. The pulsed ultrasound (a frequency of 3 MHz, duty cycle of 20%, intensity of 0.5 W/cmThe LPS increased phosphorylation of p38 MAPK and decreased the myofibril and myosin heavy chain protein (P 0.05), followed by atrophy in C2C12 myotubes. The pulsed ultrasound irradiation attenuated p38 MAPK phosphorylation and myotube atrophy induced by LPS (P 0.05).Pulsed ultrasound irradiation has the preventive effects on inflammation-induced muscle atrophy through inhibiting phosphorylation of p38 MAPK.

In the humid and semi-humid regions of China, tree-ring-width (TRW) chronologies offer limited moisture-related climatic information. To gather additional climatic information, it would be interesting to explore the potential of the intra-annul tree-ring-width indices (i.e., the earlywood width, EWW, and latewood width, LWW). To achieve this purpose, TRW, EWW, and LWW were measured from the tree-ring samples of Pinus tabuliformis originating from the semi-humid eastern Qinling Mountains, central China. Standard (STD) and signal-free (SSF) chronologies of all parameters were created using these detrending methods including (1) negative exponential functions combined with linear regression with negative (or zero) slope (NELR), (2) cubic smoothing splines with a 50 % frequency cutoff at 67 % of the series length (SP67), and (3) age-dependent splines with an initial stiffness of 50 years (SPA50). The results showed that EWW chronologies were significantly negatively correlated with temperature but positively correlated with precipitation and soil moisture conditions during the current early-growing season. By contrast, LWW and TRW chronologies had weaker relationships with these climatic factors. The strongest climatic signal was detected for the EWW STD chronology detrended with the NELR method, explaining 50 % of the variance in the May–July self-calibrated Palmer Drought Severity Index (MJJ scPDSI) during the instrumental period 1953–2005. Based on this relationship, the MJJ scPDSI was reconstructed back to 1868 using a linear regression function. The reconstruction was validated by comparison with other hydroclimatic reconstructions and historical document records from adjacent regions. Our results highlight the potential of intra-annual tree-ring indices for reconstructing seasonal hydroclimatic variations in humid and semi-humid regions of China. Furthermore, our reconstruction exhibits a strong in-phase relationship with a newly proposed East Asian summer monsoon index (EASMI) before the 1940s on the decadal and longer timescales, which may be due to the positive response of the local precipitation to EASMI. Nonetheless, the cause for the weakened relationship after the 1940s is complex, and cannot be solely attributed to the changing impacts of precipitation and temperature.

Thin liquid film evaporation is a prevailing cooling technique for thermal protection to the inner wall of a chamber with high-intensity combustion. A novel model is developed to investigate the flow and evaporation of liquid film in a rocket combustion chamber with high temperature and high shear force, in which shear stress at the interface between liquid film and high temperature combustion gas with high velocity, capillary pressure of liquid and disjoining pressure associated with liquid film evaporation are taken into account. A numerical algorithm of the backward solution is deliberately adopted to solve this model so as to eliminate the entrance effect caused by different inlet conditions of liquid film. For given temperature and hot gas rate in a chamber, a stably evolution regime of liquid film with the thickness from thick to thin is depicted corresponding to the total process of being sheared into film and being evaporated to dryness. Results indicate that the three forces mentioned above play critical parts in flowing and evaporating of liquid film during its different evolution regimes. It was shown that shear stress and capillary pressure have a positive effect on the flow and evaporation of film, as well as a negative effect from the disjoining pressure. The effects of these forces are different dependent on different initial average thickness of film, and the distribution profile of these forces are totally illustrated in detailed. The prediction of liquid film length, from being injected to being evaporated, by the proposed model is in a good agreement with available experimental data. All findings are expected to provide a fundamental guideline for the design and optimization of efficient thermal protect to the combustion chamber of space engine.

Green supply chain (GSC), one of the most vital sub-topics of sustainable development, indicates people provoking on the rationality of business practices and resource consumption patterns. Under the background of economy globalization, developing countries, especially China, severely affected by green barriers became the global focus. A systematic review of articles about GSC which published in leading journals of Web of Science Core Collection (WoSCC) and China Knowledge Resource Infrastructure (CNKI) is proposed for exploring publishing trends, the distribution of authors and journals, research topics, and hotspots and predicting frontiers by utilizing VOSviewer, Sci2, and CiteSpace. The results show that (1) there are differences in the attention of GSC between international and Chinese academia. (2) "Green" is referred to environmental friendly practices in international academia. Scholars advocate to promote management to strengthen cooperation among GSC members and boost technology investment to improve the comprehensive performance; however, specific practices such as "low-carbon," "emission reduction," "recycling," and "remanufacture" are referred to environmental friendly behaviors in Chinese academia. Scholars expect to avoid enterprises' short-term profit compression relying on government subsidies and make contracts to share environment protection cost equally out for ensuring GSC stable operation. (3) Exploring collaboration among GSC members using complex operation research and artificial intelligence will be international research frontier. Relevant papers are to provide Chinese research with merely innovation in methodology. Besides, the "government-enterprise-university-research institute-customer-economy" management mode proposed by development countries like China will enrich the international GSC research scope, leading international GSC knowledge structure to change. The contribution of this study is to afford reference for future research on GSC.

Environmental remediation by employing visible-light-active semiconductor heterostructures provides effective solutions for handling emerging contaminants by a much greener and lower cost approach compared with other methods. This report demonstrates that the in situ growth of nanosized single-crystal-like defective anatase TiO2-x mesocrystals (DTMCs) on g-C3 N4 nanosheets (NSs) can produce a 3D/2D DTMC/g-C3 N4 NS heterostructure with the two components held together by chemical bonds to form tight interfaces. This nanostructured heterostructure displayed remarkably improved photocatalytic activity toward the removal of the model pollutants Methyl Orange (MO) and CrVI under visible-light irradiation in comparison with the pristine DTMC and g-C3 N4 NS components, which suggests that both the oxidation and reduction abilities of the DTMC/g-C3 N4 NSs were simultaneously enhanced after fabrication. On the basis of the results of a systematic characterization, a reasonable mechanism for the photocatalytic activity based on a direct Z-scheme heterojunction is proposed and further verified by the measurement of . OH. This novel Z-scheme heterojunction endows the heterostructure with improved photogenerated electron/hole pair separation and a strong redox ability for the efficient degradation of wastewater pollutants. This work will be useful for the design and fabrication of direct Z-scheme heterostructured photocatalysts with novel architectures for applications in energy conversion and environmental remediation.

Extremely cold temperatures are a significant threat to agriculture and transportation in winter in southeastern China. However, due to the shortness of instrumental records and the scarcity of long-term temperature reconstructions, more high-quality temperature reconstructions are still needed to fully examine their spatial-temporal variability over the past several centuries. In this study, we built an earlywood width (EWW) chronology, a latewood width (LWW) chronology, and a tree-ring width (TRW) chronology using tree-ring samples of Pinus taiwanensis Hayata from the western Tianmu Mountains and the Xianyu Mountains in southeastern China. The tree growth-climate relationships were analyzed, and we found the strongest correlation between December and March mean temperature and the EWW chronology. The December-March mean temperature history was then reconstructed over the period of 1871-2016 using a linear regression model, which is the first EWW-based temperature reconstruction in southeastern China. With a higher explained variance (47.0%) than that (31.7%) of a previous reconstruction using a TRW chronology, the quality of the model has largely improved. This reconstruction was also comparable with other nearby records, further demonstrating the reliability of our new model. Furthermore, our reconstruction exhibits a significantly negative relationship with the East Asian winter monsoon index (EAWMI) since the 1920s, which may be attributed to the obviously enhanced EAWMI thereafter.

In this paper, we discuss a singularly perturbed convection diffusion problem, whose solution contains an interior layer caused by the discontinuity of the convection coefficient. For this kind of problem, uniform convergence of the finite element method has not been established. For this aim, after proving the minimum principle and stability result, we derive the asymptotic expansion of the solution and a priori estimates of its smooth and layer components. Then we construct a finite element method on Shishkin mesh, and prove uniform convergence of almost order k in the energy norm, where k is the order of piecewise polynomials.

We studied the influence of surface pinning on the domain structure and magnetization dynamics in permalloy stripe domain films. The effect of the pinning in the film was controlled by introducing the defects via the interface roughness of the silicon substrate. The results show that the pinning, induced by these defects, leads to the irregularity of the stripe domain and change of their local distributions. The irregular stripe domain pattern results in the weakening of magnetization resonant- frequency and intensity of the film. The results further were verified by micromagnetic simulation, confirming that the regularity and homogeneity of the stripe domain are important for the excitation of spin waves in stripe domain films. Our results show the important significance of the domain structure for the application of spin-wave propagation in magnetic films.

FeCoB films with different B doping contents and different thicknesses were deposited by composition gradient sputtering. The results show that in-plane anisotropy fields and exchange constants change with the increasing B contents and increasing thickness, respectively. Both results of the composition-gradient films and the thickness-dependent films and the micromagnetic simulation indicate that multiple order spin-wave resonances are easy to obtain in the films with the large in-plane anisotropy field. We observed four resonance peaks including three perpendicular standing spin waves. The hysteresis loop and magnetic domain results indicate that such films also have good magnetic softness and an in-plane homogeneous domain structure.

Epilepsy is a common neurological disease in China and it can be detected and diagnosed by PET images. For automatic classification tasks, it is essential to obtain discriminable features from medical images. The features of the pretraining neural network have been widely used in some image fields. In this paper, we propose a novel fusion modal transfer learning framework by three kinds of two-dimensional convolution networks (ResNet, VGGNet, Inception-V3) pretrained on ImageNet databases and a 3D convolution network of SVGG-C3D pretrained on the lung nodules databases of the Kaggle competition. Weights in the convolutional layers of each network were frozen to serve as fixed feature extractors. The multi-modal transfer learning framework on epileptic PET images is trained to extract features with the frozen weights. Combining four model characteristics, the weights of classifier (top layers) are trained to predict the epileptic and the normal. The proposed algorithm can be used to detect epilepsy more effectively than the deep learning model.

The moderate spatial resolution and high temporal resolution of the MODIS imagery make it an ideal resource for the time series surface water monitoring and mapping. We used MODIS MOD09Q1 surface reflectance archive images to create Inland Surface Water Dataset in China (ISWDC), which maps the water body larger than 0.0625 km2 in the terrestrial land of China for the period 2000–2016, in 8-day temporal and 250 m spatial resolution. We assessed the accuracy of the ISWDC by comparing with the national land cover derived surface water data and the Global Surface Water (GSW) data. The results show that the ISWDC is closely correlated with the national reference data with the determinant coefficients (R2) greater than 0.99 in 2000, 2005, and 2010, while the ISWDC has similar spatial patterns in different regions with the GSW data set in 2015 too. The ISWDC data set can be used for studies on the inter-annual and seasonal variation of the surface water systems. It can also be used as reference data for other surface water data set verification and as input parameter for regional and global hydro-climatic models. The ISWDC data are available at http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1463694.

Historical hydroclimate records derived from tree-ring parameters are scarce in the core region of East Asian Summer Monsoon (EASM) in China, limiting our understanding of the inter-decadal hydroclimate variability of this region and its possible connections with the EASM. In this study, standard chronologies of total tree-ring width (TRW), earlywood width (EWW), and latewood width (LWW) were created using tree-ring samples of Pinus tabulaeformis in the eastern Qinling Mountains, Central China. The strongest growth-climate relationship was found between EWW and May–July self-calibrated Palmer Drought Severity Index (MJJ scPDSI). Therefore, a linear regression model, which explained 50.3 % of the variance in MJJ scPDSI (1951–2005), was developed to estimate the past MJJ scPDSI variations using EWW. The time series of MJJ scPDSI was extended back to the year 1866, and validated by independent hydroclimate series from nearby regions. Before the mid-1950s, the variations of MJJ scPDSI were in-phase with those of EASM intensity on decadal and longer timescales, suggesting that wet conditions would occur in the eastern Qinling Mountains when EASM was strengthened. Since the mid-1950s, however, the relationship has been out-of-phase. This phase change may be associated with an intensified dipole pattern of EASM precipitation.

Considerable advances have been made in use of tree-ring δ18O for climate reconstructions in Southeast China, the East Asian summer monsoon region. However, the relationships among tree-ring cellulose δ18O (δ18Ocell), local hydroclimate, precipitation δ18O (δ18Opre) and El Nino–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) have not yet been fully resolved. The usual interpretation has been that local hydroclimate influences δ18Ocell through both the “amount effect” on δ18Opre and evaporative enrichment, but it cannot fully explain the high inter-site correlation of δ18Ocell chronologies or their response pattern to ENSO. In this study, we use a newly-developed δ18Ocell chronology of Pinus massoniana from a water-stressed site in Zhejiang province, in combination with another three δ18Ocell chronologies in Southeast China, to investigate their climatic implications from a regional perspective. The results show that besides local hydroclimate, δ18Opre is also significantly correlated with δ18Ocell, but with different effects. Spatially homogeneous δ18Opre variation causes high spatial correlations among δ18Ocell from different sites. Analyses show that ENSO variations are responsible for the large-scale common signals in δ18Ocell by modulating δ18Opre. Therefore, combining δ18Ocell chronologies from different locations can enhance ENSO signals, which provides us new opportunities to reconstruct paleo-ENSO activities. Furthermore, eliminating the part of ENSO signal that is not related to the growing season hydroclimate from δ18Ocell can increase the explained variance of observed values. These findings provide a guide for future optimized ENSO and local paleoclimate reconstructions using δ18Ocell.

Environmental remediation by employing visible-light-active semiconductor heterostructures provides effective solutions for handling emerging contaminants by a much greener and lower cost approach compared with other methods. This report demonstrates that the in situ growth of nanosized single-crystal-like defective anatase TiO

The polycomb group (PcG) proteins are key epigenetic regulators in stem cell maintenance. PcG proteins have been thought to act through one of two polycomb repressive complexes (PRCs), but more recent biochemical analyses have challenged this model in the identification of noncanonical PRC1 (nc-PRC1) complexes characterized by the presence of Rybp or Yaf2 in place of the canonical Chromobox proteins. However, the biological significance of these nc-PRC1s and the potential mechanisms by which they mediate gene repression are largely unknown. Here, we explore the functional consequences of Yaf2 disruption on stem cell regulation. We show that deletion of Yaf2 results in compromised proliferation and abnormal differentiation of mouse embryonic stem cells (mESCs). Genome-wide profiling indicates Yaf2 functions primarily as a transcriptional repressor, particularly impacting genes associated with ectoderm cell fate in a manner distinct from Rybp. We confirm that Yaf2 assembles into a noncanonical PRC complex, with deletion analysis identifying the region encompassing amino acid residues 102-150 as required for this assembly. Furthermore, we identified serine 166 as a Yaf2 phosphorylation site, and we demonstrate that mutation of this site to alanine (S166A) compromises Ring1B-mediated H2A monoubiquitination and in turn its ability to repress target gene expression. We therefore propose that Yaf2 and its phosphorylation status serve as dual regulators to maintain the pluripotent state in mESCs.

A novel method is proposed to establish the pancreatic cancer classifier. Firstly, the concept of quantum and fruit fly optimal algorithm (FOA) are introduced, respectively. Then FOA is improved by quantum coding and quantum operation, and a new smell concentration determination function is defined. Finally, the improved FOA is used to optimize the parameters of support vector machine (SVM) and the classifier is established by optimized SVM. In order to verify the effectiveness of the proposed method, SVM and other classification methods have been chosen as the comparing methods. The experimental results show that the proposed method can improve the classifier performance and cost less time.

Intrusion detection systems offer monolithic way to detect attacks through monitoring, searching for abnormal characteristics, and malicious behavior in network communications. Cyber-attack is performed through using covert channel which currently is one of the most sophisticated challenges facing network security systems. Covert channel is used to ex/infiltrate classified information from legitimate targets; consequently, this manipulation violates network security policy and privacy. The New Generation Internet Protocol version 6 (IPv6) has certain security vulnerabilities and need to be addressed using further advanced techniques. Fuzzy rule is implemented to classify different network attacks as an advanced machine learning technique, meanwhile, Genetic algorithm is considered as an optimization technique to obtain the ideal fuzzy rule. This paper suggests a novel hybrid covert channel detection system implementing two Artificial Intelligence (AI) techniques, Fuzzy Logic and Genetic Algorithm (FLGA), to gain sufficient and optimal detection rule against covert channel. Our approach counters sophisticated network unknown attacks through an advanced analysis of deep packet inspection. Results of our suggested system offer high detection rate of 97.7 % and a better performance in comparison to previous tested techniques.

The dynamic wheel–rail responses during the rolling contact process for high-speed trains were investigated using the explicit finite element code LS-DYNA 971. The influence of train speed on the wheel–rail contact forces (including the vertical, longitudinal, and lateral forces), von Mises equivalent stress, equivalent plastic strain, vertical acceleration of the axle, and the lateral displacement of the initial contact point on the tread, were examined and discussed. Simulation results show that the lateral and longitudinal wheel–rail contact forces are very smaller than the corresponding vertical contact forces, and they seem to be insensitive to train speed. The peak value of dynamic vertical wheel–rail contact force is approximately 2.66 times larger than the average quasi-static value. The elliptical wheel–rail contact patches have multiple stress extreme points due to the plastic deformation of the wheel tread and top surface of the rail. The vertical acceleration value of the axle in the steady condition is around ±5 m/s2 for the perfected wheel–rail system with the running speed below 300 km/h.

An alternative theoretical model called circular partially coherent flattened Gaussian beam (FGB) is developed to describe a circular partially coherent beam with a flat-topped spatial profile. Explicit expression for the propagation factor of a circular partially coherent FGB is derived. We drive the analytical formulae for the cross-spectral density and mean-squared beam width of a circular partially coherent FGB propagating through a paraxial ABCD optical system based on the generalized Collins formula. The intensity, spreading and directionality properties of a circular partially coherent FGB propagating in free space are studied as numerical examples. The propagation properties of a circular partially coherent FGB agree well with those of a partially coherent flat-topped beam reported in the literature. Thus, our model provides an alternative but reliable model for describing a circular partially coherent beam with flat-topped profile.

Investigations into the characteristics of hemodynamics will provide a better understanding of the pathology of cerebral aneurysms for clinicians. In this work, a steady state discontinuous-growth model of the cerebral aneurysms was proposed. With the assumption of the fluid-structure interaction between the wall of blood vessel and blood, a fluid-structure coupling numerical simulation for this model was built using software ANSYS and CFX. The simulation results showed that as the aneurysm volume increased, a blood flow vortex came forth, the vortex region became asymptotically larger, and eddy density became gradually stronger in it. After the emergence of the vortex region, the blood flow in the vicinity of the downstream in the aneurysms volume turned into bifurcated flow, and the location of the flow bifurcated point was shifted with the aneurysm volume growing while directions of the shear stress applied to two sides of the bifurcated point were opposite. The Von Mises stress distribution along the wall of aneurysm volume decreased in the prior period and increased gradually in the later period. The maximum stress was in the neck of the volume and the minimum was on the distal end in the whole process of growth. It was shown that as the aneurysm increased the maximum deformation location of the aneurysm, vertical to the streamline, was transferred from the distal end of the aneurysm to its neck, then back to its distal end of the aneurysm again.

This paper demonstrates a comprehensive analysis method using formal methods such as finite-state machine. First, we describe the modified version of our new protocol and briefly explain the encrypt-then-authenticate mechanism, which is regarded as more a secure mechanism than the one used in our protocol. Then, we use a finite-state verification to study the behaviour of each machine created for each phase of the protocol and examine their behaviour s together. Modelling with finite-state machines shows that the modified protocol can function correctly and behave properly even with invalid input or time delay.

This paper describes the formal verification of the Merchant Registration phase of the Secure Electronic Transactions (SET) protocol, a realistic electronic transaction security protocol which is used to protect the secrecy of online purchases. A number of concepts, notations, functions, predicates, assumptions and rules are introduced. We describe the knowledge of all legal participants, and a malicious spy, to assess the security of the sub-protocol. Avoiding search in a large state space, the method converges very quickly. We implemented our method in the Isabelle/Isar automated reasoning environment, therefore the whole verification process can be executed mechanically and efficiently.