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Image-based 3D model retrieval aims at organizing unlabeled 3D models according to the relevance to the labeled 2D images. With easy accessibility of 2D images and wide applications of 3D models, image-based 3D model retrieval attracts more and more attentions. However, it is still a challenging problem due to the modality gap between 2D images and 3D models. In spite of the remarkable progress brought by domain adaptation techniques for this research topic, which usually propose to align the global distribution statistics of two domains, these methods are limited in learning discriminative features for target samples due to the lack of label information in target domain. In this article, besides utilizing the label information of 2D image domain and the adversarial domain alignment, we additionally incorporate self-supervision to address cross-domain 3D model retrieval problem. Specifically, we simultaneously optimize the adversarial adaptation for both domains based on visual features and the contrastive learning for unlabeled 3D model domain to help the feature extractor to learn discriminative feature representations. The contrastive learning is used to map view representations of the identical model nearby while view representations of different models far apart. To guarantee adequate and high-quality negative samples for contrastive learning, we design a memory bank to store and update representative view for each 3D model based on entropy minimization principle. Comprehensive experimental results on the public image-based 3D model retrieval datasets, i.e., MI3DOR and MI3DOR-2, have demonstrated the effectiveness of the proposed method.

While the ability to coordinate movements temporally with rhythmic auditory stimuli is universal, previous investigators showed that accurate rhythm reproduction depends on temporal complexity. To date, the effect of multiple pitches on the timing of rhythmic movements has been assumed. Exploring a possible sustained entrainment effect of auditory stimuli on sequential movement might further elucidate the role of temporal complexity and its interaction with multiple pitch engagement. Thus, we investigated the sustained effect of auditory entrainment and the interaction between temporal complexity and pitch on predefined sequential tapping with tapping sequences predefined before a synchronization-timekeeping task. Temporal complexity was manipulated by increasing the number of non-integer ratios in temporal rhythm. The rhythm sequences were presented with either multiple pitches or a single pitch. We found a reduction in mean asynchronies and ratio error in three rhythms with non-integer ratios, while inter-response interval error was reduced in the integer rhythm and the rhythm with one repetitive integer ratio and one non-integer ratio. Ratio error remanence was less in rhythms with two non-integer ratios. We found no significant difference between the two pitch types. There was a sustained entrainment effect of sequential tapping that varied with differing temporal complexity, and pitch information was not essential for auditory entrainment. These findings provide support for possible interventions aimed at motor learning.

BACKGROUND: The clinical manifestations of myofascial pelvic pain (MFPP) are mainly acute or chronic muscle pain at one or more trigger points in the pelvic cavity or pelvic floor. OBJECTIVE: This study aims to explore the predictive value of pelvic floor myoelectric parameters with respect to MFPP and the effect of its clinical treatment. METHODS: Two hundred and one women followed up in the Wenzhou People’s Hospital 6–12 weeks postpartum between July 2020 and July 2021. They were divided into an MFPP group (n= 90) and a non-MFPP group (n= 102), but 9 MFPP patients without a pelvic floor electromyography evaluation were not included. The general demographic data and pelvic floor electromyography evaluation parameters of the two groups were compared; the related factors of postpartum women suffering from MFPP were analyzed, and a nomogram model of the postpartum risk of suffering from MFPP was established. The 99 patients with postpartum MFPP were divided into a treatment group (n= 10) and a control group (n= 89). The difference in visual analog scale scores between the two groups initially and after three months of treatment was compared to evaluate the effective remission rate of postpartum MFPP after treatment. RESULTS: A significant difference was observed in the relaxation time at the rapid contraction stage (z= 4.369, p< 0.05) and the tension contraction stage (z= 135.645, p< 0.01) between the MFPP group and the non-MFPP group. The nomogram model for predicting postpartum MFPP was established with nine variables as potential predictors. The calibration chart and C index of 0.68 (95% CI: 0.65–0.71) proved that the model had a certain degree of discrimination. The clinical decision-making curve showed that the model could increase the net benefit rate of patients. The pain relief rate in the treatment group was significantly higher than that in the control group (p< 0.01). CONCLUSION: There is a significant correlation between postpartum MFPP and relaxation time at rapid contraction stage and tension contraction stage. The risk prediction nomogram model of postpartum MFPP established with nine potential predictors has a certain prediction capability, and clinical treatment can effectively relieve MFPP in postpartum patients.

Written words demonstrated specific effects on biochemical measures and cell growth in cultured mammalian cells in previous study. We examined the protection and reparative effects of Chinese texts with positive meaning and the word "Buddha" on oxidative-damaged cells, with the goal of exploring the therapeutic effect of such characters.The human embryonic kidney cell line HEK293T was utilized, with the oxidative- damaged cell model produced by hydrogen peroxide (HCompared with the control group, mitochondrial functions were enhanced as evidenced by increased adenosine triphosphate (ATP) levels, accompanied by the significant improvement in cell growth rate for the groups treated by positive texts and the word "Buddha". Reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels were decreased significantly in positive texts treatment, which suggested that the antioxidant capacity of cells was also improved.This study revealed that certain texts can potentially offer protection and accelerate the cellular repair for oxidative-damaged cells.

This study aimed to investigate the current situation regarding fertility intentions, parenting attitudes, and fear of childbirth among college students in mainland China and the factors related to these variables.A cross-sectional study SETTING: Colleges across China PARTICIPANTS: Five hundred and eighty-three college students attending regular institutions of higher education MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Fertility intentions and fear of childbirth were measured using the Swedish Fertility Awareness Questionnaire and the Childbirth Fear Prior to Pregnancy scale.Only 38.8% of participants expressed their willingness to have children, and there was a significant difference between male and female students (P.02). Males regarded having children as more important (P.01), and females were more concerned about the negative effects of becoming parents, including difficulties in the labor market, having less freedom, and having less money. When deciding whether to have children, factors such as work, economics, and childcare were more important to females. Students who did not want children had higher levels of fear of childbirth than those who wanted children or were unsure (P.02).The fertility intentions of college students were not optimistic. In addition to the 2-child Chinese fertility policy, interventions aimed at reducing the cost of raising children, eliminating gender inequality in the workplace, and normalizing childcare institutions might help alleviate conflict between work and childrearing.

The dynamic parameters of multiple projectiles that are fired using multi-barrel weapons in high-frequency continuous firing modes are important indicators to measure the performance of these weapons. The characteristics of multiple projectiles are high randomness and large numbers launched in a short period of time, making it very difficult to obtain the real dispersion parameters of the projectiles due to the occlusion or coincidence of multiple projectiles. Using six intersecting-screen testing system, in this paper, we propose an association recognition and matching algorithm of multiple projectiles using a temporal and spatial information constraint mechanism. We extract the output signal from each detection screen and then use the wavelet transform to process the output signal. We present a method to identify and extract the time values on which the projectiles pass through the detection screens using the wavelet transform modulus maximum theory. We then use the correlation of the output signals of three parallel detection screens to establish a correlation coefficient recognition constraint function for the multiple projectiles. Based on the premise of linear projectile motion, we establish a temporal and spatial constraint matching model using the projectile's position coordinates in each detection screen and the projectile's time constraints within the multiple intersecting-screen geometry. We then determine the time values of the multiple projectiles in each detection screen using an iterative search cycle registration, and finally obtain the flight parameters for the multiple projectiles in the presence of uncertainty. The proposed method and algorithm were verified experimentally and can solve the problem of uncertainty in projectiles flight parameter under different multiple projectile firing states.

Gold-catalyzed formal (3 + 2) and (4 + 2) cycloadditions of readily available alkynes using amino but/pent-2-enoate derivatives as annulating reagents were developed, furnishing highly functionalized 2,3-dihydropyrroles and 1,2,3,4-tetrahydropyridines.

Vitamin C (VC) plays an essential role in fish physiological function and normal growth. However, its effects and requirement of coho salmon Oncorhynchus kisutch (Walbaum, 1792) are still unknown. Based on the influences on growth, serum biochemical parameters, and antioxidative ability, an assessment of dietary VC requirement for coho salmon postsmolts ( 183.19 ± 1.91 g) was conducted with a ten-week feeding trial. Seven isonitrogenous (45.66% protein) and isolipidic (10.76% lipid) diets were formulated to include graded VC concentrations of 1.8, 10.9, 50.8, 100.5, 197.3, 293.8, and 586.7 mg/kg, respectively. Results showed that VC markedly improved the growth performance indexes and liver VC concentration, enhanced the hepatic and serum antioxidant activities, and increased the contents of serum alkaline phosphatase (AKP) activity, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), and total cholesterol (TC) whereas decreased the serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) activities, and triglyceride (TG) level. Polynomial analysis showed that the optimal VC levels in the diet of coho salmon postsmolts were 188.10, 190.68, 224.68, 132.83, 156.57, 170.12, 171.00, 185.50, 142.77, and 93.08 mg/kg on the basis of specific growth rate (SGR), feed conversion ratio (FCR), liver VC concentration, catalase (CAT), hepatic superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities, malondialdehyde (MDA) content, and serum total antioxidative capacity (T-AOC), AKP, AST, and ALT activities, respectively. The dietary VC requirement was in the range of 93.08–224.68 mg/kg for optimum growth performance, serum enzyme activities, and antioxidant capacity of coho salmon postsmolts.

The W-Nb co-doped VO2 films are prepared through hydrothermal method. The effects of the Nb and W dopants are investigated respectively on the phase transition temperature (θc) and optical properties of VO2 by keeping the concentration of partner dopant at 1.0 at.%. The Nb doping induces a reduction of θc at a rate of ~ -13.0 °C per at.% Nb as Nb is less than ~1.5 at.%. For more than 1.5 at.% Nb, the θc shows a slight increase from ~23.0 °C. The W doping leads to a linear decrease of θc with a rate of ~ -17.2 °C per at.% W, more effective in reducing θc than the Nb dopant. However, the heavy W doping results in more serious deterioration of the solar energy modulation (ΔTsol) than the Nb doping. Therefore, taking use of the complementary advantages of W and Nb dopants, the 1.0 at.% W + 1.5 at.% Nb co-doped VO2 realizes the room-temperature transition at 23.0 °C with a satisfactory ΔTsol of ~9.6%, much better than the 1.5 at.% W + 1.0 at.% Nb co-doped which has a θc of ~22.1 °C and ΔTsol of ~5.3%. This work demonstrates the W-Nb co-doping is an effective doping formula in improving the performance of VO2 for smart window applications.

The dominant species of a biome can be regarded as its genuine indicator. Evergreen broadleaved forests (EBLFs) in subtropical East Asia harbor high levels of species biodiversity and endemism and are vital to regional carbon storage and cycling. However, the historical assembly of this unique biome is still controversial. Fagaceae is the most essential family in East Asian subtropical EBLFs and its dominant species are vital for the existence of this biome. Here, we used the dominant Fagaceae species to shed light on the dynamic process of East Asian subtropical EBLFs over time. Our results indicate high precipitation in summer and low temperature in winter are the most influential climatic factors for the distribution of East Asian subtropical EBLFs. Modern East Asian subtropical EBLFs did not begin to appear until 23 Ma, subsequently experienced a long-lasting development in the Miocene and markedly deteriorated at about 4 Ma, driven jointly by orogenesis and paleoclimate. We also document that there is a lag time between when one clade invaded the region and when its members become dominant species within the region. This study may improve our ability to predict and mitigate the threats to biodiversity of East Asian subtropical EBLFs and points to a new path for future studies involving multidisciplinary methods to explore the assembly of regional biomes.

Hirota’s direct method is one significant way to obtain solutions of soliton equations, but it is rarely studied under the time scale framework. In this paper, the generalized KdV equation on time-space scale is deduced from one newly constructed Lax equation and zero curvature equation by using the AKNS method, which can be reduced to the classical and discrete KdV equation by considering different time scales. What is more, it is the first time that the single-soliton solution of the KdV equation under the time scale framework is obtained by using the idea of Hirota’s direct method.

To develop a Fear of Cancer Scale (FOCS) for non-cancer populations.FOCS was developed by classical measurement theory. A total of 15 college students were invited to conduct semi-structured interviews. Seven experts were invited for expert consultation. A total of 2012 Chinese college students who had completed the electronic questionnaire on WJX.cn platform was included. The reliability and validity of FOCS were verified. Multiple linear regression analysis was adopted to explore the influencing factors of cancer fear among college students and further verify the validity of FOCS.There were 17 items in the FOCS, including two subscales - direct fear (8 items), and indirect fear (9 items). FOCS had good validity and reliability. Multiple linear regression showed that GAD-7 score, CSDS score, negative coping score, positive coping score, guardian's highest education, gender, life satisfaction, nationality and major were the influencing factors of cancer fear (The 17-item FOCS was a reliable and valid measure to examine the level of cancer fear in non-cancer populations.

To objectively obtain the three-dimensional coordinates of the projectile fuze proximity explosion when projectile intersects the head of missile target, we propose a dynamic seven photoelectric detection screen test method, which is made up of six plane detection screens and a flash photoelectric dynamic detection screen. The three-dimensional coordinates calculation model of the projectile proximity explosion position based on seven plane detection screens with dynamic characteristics is established. According to the relation of the dynamic seven photoelectric detection screen planes and the time values, the analytical function of the projectile proximity explosion position parameters under non-linear motion is derived. The projectile signal filtering method based on discrete wavelet transform is explored in this work. Additionally, the projectile signal recognition algorithm using an improved particle swarm is proposed. Based on the characteristics of the time duration and the signal peak error for the projectile passing through the detection screen, the signals attribution of the same projectile passing through six detection screens are analyzed for obtaining precise time values of the same projectile passing through the detection screens. On the basis of the projectile fuze proximity explosion test, the linear motion model and the proposed non-linear motion model are used to calculate and compare the same group of projectiles proximity explosion position parameters. The comparison of test results verifies that the proposed test method and calculation model in this work accurately obtain the actual projectile proximity explosion position parameters.

Anemia is a common disorder among pregnant women; however, the effect of anemia on hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) levels has not been adequately explored. We aim to examine the influence of anemia on the HbA1c concentration and investigate the relationship between erythrocyte indices and HbA1c levels during pregnancy.We performed a retrospective analysis of 1369 pregnant Chinese women. The clinical and analytical data were collected. Independent t-test and Analysis of Variance were used for comparative studies, and multiple linear regression analysis was used to identify the association between erythrocyte indices and HbA1c.The differences in HbA1c between non-anemia and mild anemia were negligible, and the differences in HbA1c between non-anemia and moderate anemia were well within the allowable variability for clinical practice (≥0.5% absolute changes). Mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH) correlated with HbA1c significantly, independent of pregnancy, trimester, and anemia. The distinction of HbA1c levels between grades of Hb became no significant (P = 0.955), while differences between trimesters persisted after adjusting for MCH.Mild and moderate anemia should not be the primary concern when using HbA1c to monitor blood glucose in pregnancy. MCH showed negative correlations with HbA1c independently, suggesting a previously unknown mechanism affecting HbA1c levels.

Hyacinth, one of the five best-selling bulbous flowers in the world, is a favored flower of garden landscapes in the spring. Hyacinth has a single origin, but there are many horticultural varieties. Physical mapping of ribosomal DNA (rDNA) and telomeric repeat loci by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) is helpful to understand the genetic relationship and chromosome inheritance in hyacinth breeding. In this study, 45S rDNA, 5S rDNA and telomeric repeats were used as probes, the mitotic metaphase chromosomes of 8 diploid hyacinth cultivars were analyzed by FISH location, and their karyotype parameters were analyzed by Q-type cluster analysis. The results showed that two 45S rDNA loci were detected in all eight hyacinth cultivars, four 5S rDNA loci were detected in ‘Gypsy Queen’, and three were detected in other cultivars. In addition to the presence of telomere loci at both ends of chromosomes, seven telomere loci were detected in ‘Gypsy Princess’ and ‘Yellow Stone’, and eight telomere loci were detected in other cultivars. At the same time, when the euclidean distance between groups was 20, the eight hyacinth cultivars were clustered into three groups (‘Yellow Stone’, ‘Red Pearl’ and ‘Pink Pearl’), and ‘Gypsy Prince’ was a single group; the other four cultivars were in one group. The distribution of 45S rDNA loci in diploid hyacinth cultivars was relatively conservative, while the locus number and distribution of 5S rDNA and telomeric repeats were highly polymorphic. The FISH physical mapping in this study provides a basic understanding of the karyotype evolution of hyacinth species, which could increase the understanding of the evolutionary history and phylogenetic relationships of hyacinths.

Cluster of differentiation (CD) antigens are cell surface molecules expressed on leukocytes and other cells associated with the immune system. Antibodies that react with CD antigens are known to be one of the most essential tools for identifying leukocyte subpopulations. T lymphocytes, as an important population of leukocytes, play essential roles in the adaptive immune system. Many of the CD antigens expressed on T lymphocytes are used as surface markers for T lymphocyte classification, including CD3, CD4 and CD8 molecules. In this review, we summarize the recent advances in the identification of CD molecules on T lymphocytes in teleosts, with emphasis on the functions of CD markers in the classification of T lymphocyte subsets. We notice that genes encoding CD3, co-receptors CD4 and CD8 have been cloned in several fish species and antibodies have been developed to study protein expression in morphological and functional contexts. T lymphocytes can be divided into CD4+and CD8+cells discriminated by the expression of CD4 and CD8 molecules in teleost, which are functionally similar to mammalian helper T cells (Th) and cytotoxic T cells (Tc), respectively. Further studies are still needed on the particular characteristics of teleost T cell repertoires and adaptive responses, and results will facilitate the health management and development of vaccines for fish.

Background Fruit, vegetable, and fruit juice intake is associated with the risk of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). However, the conclusion is limited and conflicted. The purpose of this systematic review and meta-analysis is to investigate the association between fruit, vegetable, and fruit juice consumption and the risk of GDM. Methods To find relevant studies, we searched PubMed, The Cochrane Library, Web of Science, Embase, ScienceDirect, PsycINFO, CINAHL, Ovid, EBSCO, CBM, CNKI, Wanfang Data, and VIP for the report on prospective cohort studies published from inception to April 8, 2022. Summary relative risks (RR) and 95% confidence intervals (Cis) were estimated using a random-effects model. Results A total of 12 studies with 32,794 participants were included in the meta-analysis. Total fruit consumption was associated with a lower risk of GDM (RR = 0.92, 95% CI = 0.86–0.99). Whereas an increasing the consumption of vegetable, including all vegetable (RR = 0.95, 95% CI = 0.87–1.03), starchy vegetable (RR = 1.01, 95% CI = 0.82–1.26), and fruit juice (RR = 0.97, 95% CI = 0.91–1.04) was not associated with a reduction in the risk of GDM. In a dose‒response analysis of eight studies, a 3% reduction in risk of GDM for a 100 g/d increase in fruit consumption (RR = 0.97, 95% CI = 0.96–0.99). Conclusions The findings suggest that higher fruit consumption may reduce the risk of GDM, with a 3% reduction in the risk of GDM for every 100 g/d increase in fruit intake. Higher-quality prospective studies or randomized clinical trials are required to validate the effect of different variations of fruits, vegetables, and fruit juice consumption on the risk of GDM.

Weeping forsythia is an important ornamental, ecological, and medicinal plant. Brown leaf spots reduce the large-scale production of weeping forsythia as a medicinal crop. Alternaria alternata is a pathogen causing brown leaf spots in weeping forsythia; however, its pathogenesis and the immune response mechanisms of weeping forsythia remain unclear. In this study, we identified the two mechanisms based on morphological anatomy, physiological indexes, and gene expression analyses. Our results showed that A. alternata induced leaf stomata to open, invaded the mesophyll, dissolved the cell wall, destroyed the cell membrane, and decreased the number of chloroplasts by up-regulating the expression of auxin-activated signaling pathway genes. A. alternata also down-regulated iron ion homeostasis and binding-related genes, which caused an increase in the levels of iron ions and reactive oxygen species in leaves. These processes eventually led to programmed cell death, destroying palisade and spongy tissues and causing the formation of iron rust spots. A. alternata also caused defense and hypersensitive responses in weeping forsythia through signaling pathways mediated by flg22-like and elf18-like polypeptides, ethylene, H2O2, and bacterial secretion systems. Our study provides a theoretical basis for the control of brown leaf spots in weeping forsythia.

Background The failure of novel therapies effective in preclinical animal models largely reflects the fact that current models do not really mimic the pathological/therapeutic features of glioblastoma (GBM), in which the most effective temozolomide chemoradiotherapy (RT/TMZ) regimen can only slightly extend survival. How to improve RT/TMZ efficacy remains a major challenge in clinic. Methods Syngeneic G422TN-GBM model mice were subject to RT/TMZ, surgery, piperlongumine (PL), αPD1, glutathione. Metabolomics or transcriptomics data from G422TN-GBM and human GBM were used for gene enrichment analysis and estimation of ROS generation/scavenging balance, oxidative stress damage, inflammation and immune cell infiltration. Overall survival, bioluminescent imaging, immunohistochemistry, and immunofluorescence staining were used to examine therapeutic efficacy and mechanisms of action. Results Here we identified that glutathione metabolism was most significantly altered in metabolomics analysis upon RT/TMZ therapies in a truly refractory and reliable mouse triple-negative GBM (G422TN) preclinical model. Consistently, ROS generators/scavengers were highly dysregulated in both G422TN-tumor and human GBM. The ROS-inducer PL synergized surgery/TMZ, surgery/RT/TMZ or RT/TMZ to achieve long-term survival (LTS) in G422TN-mice, but only one LTS-mouse from RT/TMZ/PL therapy passed the rechallenging phase (immune cure). Furthermore, the immunotherapy of RT/TMZ/PL plus anti-PD-1 antibody (αPD1) doubled LTS (50%) and immune-cured (25%) mice. Glutathione completely abolished PL-synergistic effects. Mechanistically, ROS reduction was associated with RT/TMZ-resistance. PL restored ROS level (mainly via reversing Duox2/Gpx2), activated oxidative stress/inflammation/immune responses signature genes, reduced cancer cell proliferation/invasion, increased apoptosis and CD3+/CD4+/CD8+ T-lymphocytes in G422TN-tumor on the basis of RT/TMZ regimen. Conclusion Our findings demonstrate that PL reverses RT/TMZ-reduced ROS and synergistically resets tumor microenvironment to cure GBM. RT/TMZ/PL or RT/TMZ/PL/αPD1 exacts effective immune cure in refractory GBM, deserving a priority for clinical trials.

Background: As a highly prevalent malignancy among women worldwide, breast cancer, remains a critical public health issue necessitating the development of novel therapeutics and biomarkers. Kruppel Like Factor 2 (KLF2), a member of the Kruppel family of transcription factors, has been implicated in various types of cancer due to its diminished expression; however, the potential implications of KLF2 expression in relation to breast cancer progression, prognosis, and therapy remain unclear.Methods: The present study employed the Tumor Immune Estimation Resource (TIMER) and The Human Protein Atlas databases to investigate the expression pattern of KLF2 in pan-cancer. The relationship between KLF2 expression and clinical features or immune infiltration of The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) breast cancer samples was evaluated using Breast Cancer Integrative Platform (BCIP) and TIMER. The expression levels of KLF2 in breast cancer were validated via immunohistochemical staining analysis. Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) to study the KLF2-related gene ontology. STRING database was employed to construct a protein-protein interaction (PPI) network of KLF2 in relation to vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA) and hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF1α). The expression of KLF2 following diverse breast cancer therapies was analyzed in the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) databases. The expression of KLF2 following treatment with simvastatin was validated via immunofluorescence and western blotting.Results: Our study reveals that KLF2 displays significantly reduced expression in cancerous tissues compared to non-cancerous controls. Patients with low KLF2 expression levels exhibited poor prognosis across multiple cancer types. KLF2 expression levels were found to be reduced in advanced cancer stages and grades, while positively correlated with the expression of estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), and tumor size in breast cancer. KLF2 expression is associated with diverse immune infiltration cells, and may impact the breast tumor immune microenvironment by regulating dendritic cell activation. Additionally, we observed a negative correlation between KLF2 expression levels and angiogenesis, as well as the expression of VEGFA and HIF1α. Notably, the anticancer drug simvastatin could induce KLF2 expression in both breast cancer.Conclusion: Based on our observations, KLF2 has potential as a diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic biomarker for breast cancer.

ObjectivesThis study aimed to assess the association between plasma glutamate (Glu) and the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and whether this association differs by gender.Material and methodsWe retrieved clinical information on 1032 consecutive patients with T2DM from a same tertiary care center from May 2015 to August 2016. Glu was quantified by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry analysis. Glu was converted into a categorical variable based on the median concentration in the whole population, while logistic regression was used to obtain the odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI), and the correlation between Glu and various biochemical indices was analyzed.ResultsWe found that Glu was positively associated with the risk of CVD in patients with T2DM. This correlation was more significant in women. In T2DM patients, the higher the age, body mass index (BMI), weight and systolic blood pressure (SBP), the lower the glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1C) concentration and the higher the Glu. In female patients, the correlation between age, weight, BMI, SBP, and plasma Triglycerides (TG), and Glu was also statistically significant.ConclusionIn conclusion, female T2DM patients with high levels of Glu have a higher risk of developing CVD.

Background Lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) is one of the most prevalent and lethal malignancies worldwide. Synaptotagmins (SYTs) are a group of transmembrane proteins of which dysregulation has been reported in various cancers. Here, we analyzed the role of SYT2/11/13/15 in LUAD using bioinformatic methods.Methods In TCGA-LUAD cohort, we compared the expression level of SYTs in LUAD and normal tissue. To determine their biological functions, protein-protein interaction (PPI) network was constructed and GO/KEGG analysis were performed. GSEA were used to find the pathway changes. DNA methylation changes in SYT2/11/13/15 were investigated based on MethSurv. The impact on immune cell infiltration were revealed using TIMER database. The diagnostic power of SYT2/11/13/15 were studied using Kaplan-Meier plotter, diagnostic receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves, nomogram model, and Cox regression analysis.Results In brief, we found that SYT2/13 were upregulated and SYT11/15 were down-regulated in LUAD, high expression of SYT2/11/15 predicted a favorable prognosis while SYT13 indicated a poor one. Functional analysis showed that SYTs mainly involved in neuroactive signal transduction. Several CpG islands of SYTs genes correlated to poor prognosis were identified. Cox regression analysis showed that SYT2/11/13/15 are independent risk factors for overall survival (OS) and disease-specific survival (DSS) of LUAD patients. SYT11/15 were closely related to immune infiltration in LUAD, SYT11 correlated to CD8 + T cell, dendrite cell (DC), macrophages. SYT15 correlated to CD4 + T cell, DC, and myoid derived suppressor cell (MDSC).Conclusion To sum up, we found that SYT2/11/13/15 were differentially expressed and were potential prognostic biomarkers, and may modulate immune infiltration in LUAD.

Lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) is the most frequent subtype of lung cancer, the leading cancer-related death worldwide. Nucleolar spindle-associated protein 1 (NUSAP1) is a microtubule-associated protein firstly been found in proliferating cells, and recently known to be involved in carcinogenesis. However, the role of NUSAP1 in LUAD has yet to be explored. In current study, we used GEO datasets to identified a group of hub genes in LUAD, used Kaplan-Meier analysis to explore their impact on prognosis. NUSAP1 was chosen based on clinical relevance and literature searching results. The expression level of NUSAP1 was explored using TIMER, TCGA-LUAD database, human protein atlas (HPA), and verified by immunohistochemistry. Genes co-expressed with NUSAP1 were identified and GO/KEGG were performed to identify its biological functions. The impact of NUSAP1 on immune infiltration was investigated in TIMER. The correlation between NUSAP1 expression and clinical relevance were identified using diagnostic receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves, nomogram model, and cox regression analysis. Immunohistochemistry was used to confirm the over-expression of NUSAP1 in LUAD and its correlation with MDSC. In short, we found a group of 20 hub genes in LUAD, all of which were differentially expressed in LUAD and most of them predicted a poor prognosis. NUSAP1 was upregulated in LUAD and most of the malignancies and correlated to multiple clinical parameters like pathological stage, N stage, M stage. Co-expressed genes and GO/KEGG showed that NUSAP1 mainly participates in cell cycle. Immune infiltration study demonstrated that NUSAP1 correlated to multiple immune cells, particularly myeloid-derived suppressor cell (MDSC). PrognoScan database verified the prognostic value of NUSAP1. Lastly, high expression of NUSAP1 and its correlation with MDSC was testified by immunohistochemistry. In summary, we found NUSAP1 were upregulated in LUAD and can serve as potential biomarker to indicate prognosis of LUAD.

Mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) antagonists have been clinically used to treat heart failure. However, the underlying cellular and molecular mechanisms remain incompletely understood.Using osteoblast MR knockout (MRMR deficiency in osteoblasts alleviates pathological ventricular remodeling after MI, likely through its regulation on OCN. Spironolactone may work through osteoblast MR/OCN axis to exert its therapeutic effects on pathological ventricular remodeling and heart failure in mice and human patients.

To explore the mechanisms underlying the specific inhibitor targeting SGLT-2 empagliflozin in alleviating myocardial ischaemia–reperfusion (I/R) injury. A mouse model of I/R injury and H2O2-induced H9C2 cell model were established. The expressions of Bcl-2, Bax, LC3, Beclin1, GRP78, CHOP, PERK, ATF4, ATF6, IREα and P62 were examined by western blot, immunofluorescence or immunohistochemistry staining, respectively. The cardiac function was measured by echocardiography, TCC staining, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and creatine kinase-MB (CK-MB) activity. Cell apoptosis was analysed by TUNEL, Annexin V/propidium iodide (PI) staining and caspase 3 and 9 activities. CCK-8 assay was used for analysing cell viability. PBA, TUDC and 3-MA were utilised for blocking ER stress and autophagy, respectively. Empagliflozin suppressed myocardial I/R injury in vivo and H2O2-induced cardiomyocyte apoptosis in vitro. Blockade of ER stress and autophagy inhibited H2O2-induced cardiomyocyte apoptosis. ER stress activated autophagy through the PERK signalling in H2O2-treated H9C2 cells. Empagliflozin suppressed ER stress-induced autophagy by inhibiting the PERK/ATF4/Beclin1 signalling. H2O2 and I/R-induced cardiomyocyte apoptosis was restrained by empagliflozin through inhibition of ER stress-induced autophagy. Empagliflozin suppressed ER stress-induced autophagy via suppressing the PERK/ATF4/Beclin1 signalling, thus alleviating myocardial I/R injury and cardiomyocyte apoptosis.