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Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common neurodegenerative disease and has an insidious onset. Exploring the characteristics and mechanism of the early symptoms of AD plays a critical role in the early diagnosis and intervention of AD. Here we found that depressive-like behavior and short-term spatial memory dysfunction appeared in APPswe/PS1dE9 mice (AD mice) as early as 9-11 weeks of age. Electrophysiological analysis revealed excitatory/inhibitory (E/I) imbalance in the prefrontal cortex (PFC). This E/I imbalance was induced by significant reduction in the number and activity of parvalbumin interneurons (PV

The aim is to explore the impact of violence and psychological resilience on psychiatric nurses as second victims.Workplace violence is a public health concern, seriously influencing medical staff's physical and mental health. However, few pieces of research have concentrated on psychiatric nurses as second victims.The socio-demographic data, violence-related data, psychological resilience scale, the Chinese version of the Second Victim Experience and Support Tool were applied to conduct a cross-sectional survey on nurses from psychiatric hospitals. The multiple linear regression model identified significant variables associated with violence-related injury and resilience.A total of 683 nurses completed the survey, of whom 88.3% were women. The average scores of the second victims' experience and support, support and distress were 3.45 ± 0.43, 3.71 ± 0.57 and 3.19 ± 0.67, respectively. Physical violence, psychological violence, psychological influence and nursing work environment were positively correlated with the experience and support of the second victims, and innocuous violence was a negative factor, which explains 20.6% of the variation. Moreover, physical injury, nursing work environment, resilience restructuring, physical violence, psychological violence, psychological impact and disagreement about the existence of violence explained 14.8% of the distress. The innocuous violence, psychological violence and nursing work environment explained 46.2% of the support.Our findings suggest that nurses who are second victims after the violence mainly suffer from severe psychological distress and receive the least support for the same.The study provides clues to help nursing managers' emphasis on the distress and support of second victims and provides targeted intervention based on the relevant factors and these results. The article is a cross-sectional study of psychiatric nurses, which has been approved by the ethics committee of the hospital before the survey. All the nurses who participated in the survey have been informed and agreed.

Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor (PMSM) has been widely used in servo drive systems because of its advantages of simple structure, convenient operation, high reliability and easy control. However, PMSM is a nonlinear, strongly coupled and multivariate system, and improving system stability and robustness is one of the hot spots in research. Disturbance rejection control was born based on the improvement of PID control, which mainly consists of three parts, namely: tracking differentiator, nonlinear error feedback rate, and extended observer. It can not rely on the accurate model of the controlled object, and its internal expansion state observer can realize online disturbance estimation, with excellent anti-disturbance ability, which has been widely concerned by scholars at home and abroad. Active Disturbance Rejection Control (ADRC) After a long period of development and evolution, ADRC can be divided into linear automatic disturbance rejection (LADRC) and nonlinear automatic disturbance rejection (NLADRC), both of which have their own characteristics in control. LADRC is used more in engineering practice because of its small parameters, convenient parameter adjustment, and good control effect in the case of large error. NLADRC has the characteristics of "small error, large gain, large error, small gain", and the control effect is better in the case of small error, but there are shortcomings in parameter adjustment and stability analysis. Therefore, a switch is designed to use NLADRC in the case of small error and LADRC in the case of large error, and combines the advantages of the two to design a linear nonlinear switching automatic disturbance rejection control (SADRC) controller.

Aims: To evaluate clinical practice, neonatologists’ attitudes, the extent of training and accreditation regarding targeted neonatal echocardiography (TnEcho) among Chinese neonatologists. Methods: A web-based questionnaire was emailed to 331 neonatologists across China who completed training in subspecialty neonatology.The survey covered various aspects of TnEcho, including the characteristics of clinical practice, attitudes towards its usefulness, perceived barriers to implementation and training methods. Results: Survey response rate was 68.0% (225/331). Seventy-nine (35.1%) respondents stated that TnEcho was utilized in their NICUs. Most respondents reported use of echocardiography to evaluate hemodynamic significance of the patent ductus arteriosus (PDA, 94.9%). The eyeballing technique was most used to evaluate left (82.3%) and right (77.2%) ventricular function. Most respondents (87.3% - 96.2%) positively valued the role of TnEcho in providing timely and longitudinal hemodynamic information to guide cardiovascular care. TnEcho was most used in centers with on-site pediatric cardiology service (p=.003), larger bed capacity (p=.004) or level IV status (p=.003). Lack of experienced practitioners with echocardiography expertise (88.9%) and accredited training programs (85.8%) were perceived to be the major barriers to implementation. Of concern, most practitioners with TnEcho skills received training in an informal manner through workshops (60.8%) or self-directed learning (54.4%). Conclusions: The use of TnEcho for longitudinal evaluation of infants with hemodynamic instability is growing within Chinese NICUs. There is an urgent need to develop standardized training programs and accreditation for TnEcho which are adapted to the Chinese context.

It is well known that glioma is currently the most malignant brain tumor. Because of the existence of blood-brain barrier (BBB) and tumor cell heterogeneity, systemic chemotherapy exerts unsatisfied therapeutic effect for the treatment of glioma after surgical resection and may even damage the body's immune system. Here, we developed an in situ sustained-release hydrogel delivery system for combined chemo-immunotherapy of glioma by combined chemotherapy drug and immunoadjuvant through the resection cavity local delivery. Briefly, glioma homing peptide modified paclitaxel targeting nanoparticles (PNP

Due to the complexity of the ocean environment, an autonomous underwater vehicle (AUV) is disturbed by obstacles when performing tasks. Therefore, the research on underwater obstacle detection and avoidance is particularly important. Based on the images collected by a forward-looking sonar on an AUV, this article proposes an obstacle detection and avoidance algorithm. First, a deep learning-based obstacle candidate area detection algorithm is developed. This algorithm uses the You Only Look Once (YOLO) v3 network to determine obstacle candidate areas in a sonar image. Then, in the determined obstacle candidate areas, the obstacle detection algorithm based on the improved threshold segmentation algorithm is used to detect obstacles accurately. Finally, using the obstacle detection results obtained from the sonar images, an obstacle avoidance algorithm based on deep reinforcement learning (DRL) is developed to plan a reasonable obstacle avoidance path of an AUV. Experimental results show that the proposed algorithms improve obstacle detection accuracy and processing speed of sonar images. At the same time, the proposed algorithms ensure AUV navigation safety in a complex obstacle environment.

Supplementary Material 1

Convolutional neural networks (CNNs) based super-resolution (SR) methods have achieved remarkable progress in recent years. Most of these methods assume that the degradation is known and fixed, such as bicubic downsampling. However, the performance of CNNs-based methods suffers from a severe drop when the actual degradation mismatch the training one. This paper proposes a prior correction network (PCNet) to solve the blind SR problem, which makes CNNs-based super-resolvers trained in a fixed blur kernel but applied to other unknown blur kernels. The PCNet consists of a kernel estimation network, a correction filter module, and a correction refinement network. The kernel estimation network aims to estimate unknown blur kernel from the input low-resolution (LR) image. The correction filter module then transfers the estimated degraded domains to adapt to specific degradations (e.g., bicubic downsampling). Finally, the correction refinement network adjusts the corrected LR image to eliminate the influence of blur kernel mismatch or misestimate. Experimental results on diverse datasets show that the proposed PCNet, combined with existing CNNs-based SR methods, outperforms other state-of-the-art algorithms for blind SR. Code is available at: \url{ https://github.com/caoxiang104/PCNet }.

AIMS We explored the mediating role of psychological resilience in the experience and support of psychiatric nurses as the second victims and their career success. BACKGROUND Psychiatric nurses, as the primary victims of workplace violence, experience physical and psychological distress, which leads to high resignation rate and job burnout. However, not much is known about the mediating role of psychological resilience between the second victims of workplace violence and their career success. METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted among 683 psychiatric nurses. The participants were scored according to the Chinese career success scale, Chinese version of the psychological resilience scale for nurses and Chinese version of the second victim experience and support tool. The t-test and one-way analysis of variance were used to compare the factors affecting career success. RESULTS Career success scores differed among nurses of different ages having different employment forms, role and working years (p

Recently, depth map super-resolution (DSR) has obtained remarkable performance with the development of convolutional neural networks (CNNs). High-resolution (HR) depth map can be inferred from a low-resolution (LR) one with the guidance of its corresponding HR intensity image. However, most of the existing CNNs-based methods unilaterally transfer structures information of guidance image to the input depth map, which ignores the corresponding relations between the depth map and the intensity map. In this paper, we propose a novel dual auto-encoder attention network (DAEANet) for DSR. The proposed DAEANet includes two auto-encoder networks, where guidance auto-encoder network (GAENet) and target auto-encoder network (TAENet) aim to extract feature information from intensity image and depth map. Specifically, all auto-encoder networks are similar and trained simultaneously to ensure structural consistency. Furthermore, to preserve the structure information in the process of training, the attention mechanism is employed to our DAEANet. Extensive experiments on several popular benchmarks show that the proposed DAEANet outperforms existing state-of-the-art algorithms.

Dysregulated long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been shown to contribute to the pathogenesis of ischemic stroke. However, the potential role of lncRNAs in post-stroke microglial activation remains largely unknown. Here, we uncovered that lncRNA-U90926 was significantly increased in microglia exposed to ischemia/reperfusion both in vivo and in vitro. In addition, adenovirus-associated virus (AAV)-mediated microglial U90926 silencing alleviated neurological deficits and reduced infarct volume in experimental stroke mice. Microglial U90926 knockdown could reduce the infiltration of neutrophils into ischemic lesion site, which might be attributed to the downregulation of C-X-C motif ligand 2 (CXCL2). Mechanistically, U90926 directly bound to malate dehydrogenase 2 (MDH2) and competitively inhibited the binding of MDH2 to the CXCL2 3' untranslated region (UTR), thus protecting against MDH2-mediated decay of CXCL2 mRNA. Taken together, our study demonstrated that microglial U90926 aggravated ischemic brain injury via facilitating neutrophil infiltration, suggesting that U90926 might be a potential biomarker and therapeutic target for ischemic stroke.

Bovine mastitis is one of the most troublesome and costly problems in the modern dairy industry, which is not only difficult to monitor, but can also cause economic losses while having significant implications on public health. However, efficacious preventative methods and therapy are still lacking. Moreover, new drugs and therapeutic targets are in increasing demand due to antibiotic restrictions. In recent years, noncoding RNAs have gained popularity as a topic in pathological and genetic studies. Meanwhile, there is growing evidence that they play a role in regulating various biological processes and developing novel treatment platforms. In light of this, this review focuses on two types of noncoding RNAs, micro RNAs and circular RNAs, and summarizes their characterizations, relationships, potential applications as selection markers, diagnostic or treatment targets and potential applications in RNA-based therapy, in order to shed new light on further research.

BackgroundIntermittent energy restriction (IER) and continuous energy restriction (CER) are increasingly popular dietary approaches used for weight loss and overall health. These energy restriction protocols combined with exercise on weight loss and other health outcomes could achieve additional effects in a short-term intervention.ObjectivesTo evaluate the effects of a 4-week IER or CER program on weight, blood lipids, and CRF in overweight/obese adults when combined with high-intensity interval training (HIIT).MethodsForty-eight overweight/obese adults [age: 21.3 ± 2.24 years, body mass index (BMI): 25.86 ± 2.64 kg⋅m–2] were randomly assigned to iER, cER, and normal diet (ND) groups (n = 16 per group), each consisting of a 4-week intervention. All of the groups completed HIIT intervention (3 min at 80% of V̇O2max followed by 3 min at 50% of V̇O2max), 30 min/training sessions, five sessions per week. iER subjects consumed 30% of energy needs on 2 non-consecutive days/week, and 100% of energy needs on another 5 days; cER subjects consumed 70% of energy needs; and ND subjects consumed 100% of energy needs. Body composition, waist circumference (WC) and hip circumference (HC), triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-c), high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-c), and cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) were measured before and after the intervention.ResultsOf the total 57 participants who underwent randomization, 48 (84.2%) completed the 4-week intervention. After intervention body composition and body circumference decreased in three groups, but no significant differences between groups. The iER tends to be superior to cER in the reduction of body composition and body circumference. The mean body weight loss was 4.57 kg (95% confidence interval [CI], 4.1–5.0, p < 0.001) in iER and 2.46 kg (95% CI, 4.1–5.0, p < 0.001) in iER. The analyses of BMI, BF%, WC, and HC were consistent with the primary outcome results. In addition, TG, TC, HDL-c, and CRF improved after intervention but without significant changes (p > 0.05).ConclusionBoth IER and CER could be effective in weight loss and increased CRF when combined with HIIT. However, iER showed greater benefits for body weight, BF%, WC, and HC compared with cER.

Understanding more precisely the mechanisms controlling the metabolism of fatty acid in the mammary gland of dairy goats is essential for future improvements in milk quality. Particularly since recent data have underscored a key role for circular RNAs (circRNAs) in the mammary gland function, high-throughput sequencing technology was used to identify expression levels of circRNAs in the mammary tissue of dairy goats during early and peak lactation in the present study. Compared with early lactation, results demonstrated that the expression level of circ007071 during peak lactation was 12.02-fold up-regulated. Subsequent studies in goat mammary epithelial cells (GMECs) revealed that circ007071 stimulated the synthesis of triglycerides (TAG) and cholesterol, as well as increased the content of saturated fatty acids (C16:0 and C18:0). More importantly, using a double luciferase reporting system allowed us to detect the circ007071 sequence at a binding site of miR-103-5p, indicating that it targeted this miRNA. Overexpression of circ007071 significantly decreased the abundance of miR-103-5p and led to inhibition of TAG synthesis. In contrast, the abundance of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (

The medicinal plant Polygonum cuspidatum Sieb. Et Zucc is rich in stilbenes (e.g., polygonin and resveratrol) and anthraquinones (e.g., emodin) for the therapy of human diseases, while how to increase the growth and medicinal composition concentrations of P. cuspidatum has become an urgent issue. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of inoculation with an arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungus, Funneliformis mosseae, on plant growth, phosphorus (P) acquisition, medicinal component concentrations, and expressions of resveratrol synthesis-associated enzyme genes of P. cuspidatum at two P levels (0 M and 0.2 M). P supply (0.2 M) stimulated root AM fungal colonization rate. F. mosseae inoculation significantly improved growth performance (height, diameter, and biomass) and root morphology (diameter, length, and projected area), irrespectively of substrate P levels. P supply and F. mosseae distinctly increased soil acid and neutral phosphatase activities, as well as root P concentrations. P supply increased root physcion and resveratrol concentrations in inoculated and uninoculated plants, along with up-regulated expressions of PcCHS1, PcCRS1, PcRS11, and PcSTS. AM plants represented significantly higher root aloe-emodin, chrysophanol, emodin, physcion, polydatin, and resveratrol concentrations than non-AM plants irrespective of P levels, coupled with up-regulated expressions of PcCHS1, PcCHS2, PcRS11, PcRS, and PcSTS. It is concluded that 0.2 M P supply and F. mosseae inoculation promoted chrysophanol, physcion, polydatin, and resveratrol concentrations of P. cuspidatum, with the increase in resveratrol associated with up-regulated expressions of related genes.

Recently, a burgeoning category of biocompatible botanically derived nanomaterial cellulose nanofibers (CNFs) has captured tremendous attention on account of its entangled nanostructured network, natural abundance, and outstanding mechanical properties. Biomimetically inspired by the superior properties of CNFs, this paper examined them as the coating material to cover cyclotrimethylenetrinitramine (RDX), cyclotetramethylenetetranitramine (HMX), and hexanitrohexaazaisowurtzitane (CL-20) via a facile water suspension method and the ultrasonic technology. The core-shell structure and the composition of energetic crystal@CNF were examined through scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analyses. The obtained outcomes demonstrated that the dispersibility of the CNF enhanced favorably upon covering the surface of explosive crystals; the interfacial contact ability between CNFs and energetic crystals was also manifested to be increased, which could be ascribed to the interfacial interaction of hydrogen bonds and the electrostatic force of self-assembly. In addition, the stable crystalloid construction of β-HMX and ε-CL-20 has been preserved positively in the preparation process. In comparison with raw explosives, the thermal stability and sensitivity performances of the core-shell structure composites were outstanding. Accordingly, this work demonstrated the rewarding application of coating CNFs uniformly on the surface of energetic crystals, ulteriorly offering a potential fabrication strategy for the embellishment of high-explosive crystals.

Throughout history, pollution has become a part of our daily life with the improvement of life quality and the advancement of industry and heavy industry. In recent years, the adverse effects of heavy metals, such as cadmium (Cd), on human health have been widely discussed, particularly on the immune system. Here, this review summarizes the available evidence on how Cd exposure may affect health. By analyzing the general manifestations of inflammation caused by Cd exposure, we find that the role of omega-3 (n-3) polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) in vivo can counteract Cd-induced harm. Additionally, we elucidate the effects of n-3 PUFAs on the immune system, and analyze their prophylactic and therapeutic effects on Cd exposure. Overall, this review highlights the role of n-3 PUFAs in the pathological changes induced by Cd exposure. Although n-3 PUFAs remain to be verified whether they can be used as therapeutic agents, as rehabilitation therapy, supplementation with n-3 PUFAs is reliable and effective.

Lead, the most widely used heavy metal in industry, is detrimental to human health if exposed to living and occupational environment. Although several studies have been conducted on lead exposure, little has been reported on its harm to mammary gland and its mechanisms. In view of this, our study is the first to verify that lead exposure could promote apoptosis and inflammation in mouse mammary tissue (in vivo) and cow mammary epithelial cells (in vitro). After establishing a lead exposed mouse model, the expression profile of mammary gland tissue was constructed by high-throughput sequencing technology. In the profile, 917 differentially expressed genes were screened, of which IRAK1 was up-regulated by 4.33 times. Then, from qRT-PCR, Western blot and Luciferase report, IRAK1 was found to promote the release of inflammatory factors and tissue apoptosis and could be a specific target of miR-146a. On the other hand, double luciferase reporter system and qRT-PCR predicted the existence of a binding site between circRNA-05280 and miR-146a sequence. Experiments such as immunohistochemistry, apoptosis and EdU demonstrated that circRNA-05280 could promote not only cell apoptosis but also the expression level of inflammatory genes. Nevertheless, the function of miR-146a is opposite to that of circRNA-05280. Specifically, circRNA-05280 can regulate the level of apoptosis and inflammation of mammary gland by binding miR-146a and releasing the expression of miR-146a on target gene IRAK1. This study concludes that circRNA-05280/ miR-146a/ IRAK1 signaling pathway could mediate the mammary gland damage resulting from lead exposure. Accordingly, it sheds new light on further exploration of molecular mechanisms of mammary gland tissue damage caused by lead exposure, the risk assessment of lead, and the mechanism of lead mammary gland toxicity.

Underwater dynamic target tracking technology has a wide application prospect in marine resource exploration, underwater engineering operations, naval battlefield monitoring, and underwater precision guidance. Aiming at the underwater dynamic target tracking problem, an autonomous underwater vehicle tracking control method based on trajectory prediction is studied. First, a deep learning-based target detection algorithm is developed. For the image collected by the multibeam forward-looking sonar image, this algorithm uses the YOLO v3 network to determine the target in a sonar image and obtain the position of the target. Then, a time profit Elman neural network (TPENN) is constructed to predict the trajectory information of the dynamic target. Compared with an ordinary Elman neural network, its accuracy of dynamic target prediction is increased. Finally, underwater tracking of the dynamic target is realized using the model predictive controller (MPC), and the tracking result is stable and reliable. Through simulations and experiment, the proposed underwater dynamic target tracking control method is demonstrated to be effective and feasible.

The medicinal plant

Microglia are the resident macrophages in the brain, which play a critical role in post-stroke neuroinflammation. Accordingly, targeting neuroinflammation could be a promising strategy to improve ischemic stroke outcomes. Ethyl ferulate (EF) has been confirmed to possess anti-inflammatory properties in several disease models, including acute lung injury, retinal damage and diabetes-associated renal injury. However, the effects of EF on microglial activation and the resolution of post-stroke neuroinflammation remains unknown. Here, we found that EF suppressed pro-inflammatory response triggered by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulation in primary microglia and BV2 cell lines, as well as post-stroke neuroinflammation in an in vivo transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (tMCAO) stroke model in C57BL/6 mice, consequently ameliorating ischemic brain injury. Furthermore, EF could directly bind and inhibit the activity of monoamine oxidase B (MAO-B) to reduce pro-inflammatory response. Taken together, our study identified a MAO-B inhibitor, Ethyl ferulate, as an active compound with promising potentials for suppressing post-stroke neuroinflammation.

Smooth muscle cell (SMC) phenotypic switch from a quiescent 'contractile' phenotype to a dedifferentiated and proliferative state underlies the development of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs); however, our understanding of the mechanism is still incomplete. In the present study, we explored the potential role of ferroptosis, a novel nonapoptotic form of cell death, in SMC phenotypic switch and related neointimal formation. We found that ferroptotic stress was triggered in cultured dedifferentiated SMCs and arterial neointimal tissue of wire-injured mice. Moreover, pro-ferroptosis stress was activated in arterial neointimal tissue of clinical patients who underwent carotid endarterectomy. Blockade of ferroptotic stress via administration of a pharmacological inhibitor or by global genetic overexpression of glutathione peroxidase-4 (GPX4), a well-established anti-ferroptosis molecule, delayed SMC phenotype switch and arterial remodelling. Conditional SMC-specific gene delivery of GPX4 using adreno-associated virus in the carotid artery inhibited ferroptosis and prevented neointimal formation. Conversely, ferroptosis stress directly triggered dedifferentiation of SMCs. Transcriptomics analysis demonstrated that inhibition of ferroptotic stress mainly targets the mitochondrial respiratory chain and oxidative phosphorylation. Mechanistically, ferroptosis inhibition corrected the disrupted mitochondrial homeostasis in dedifferentiated SMCs, including enhanced mitochondrial ROS production, dysregulated mitochondrial dynamics, and mitochondrial hyperpolarization, and ultimately inhibited SMC phenotypic switch and growth. Copper-diacetyl-bis

Aim: To evaluate clinical practice, neonatologists’ attitudes, the extent of training and accreditation regarding targeted neonatal echocardiography (TnEcho) among Chinese neonatologists. Methods: A web-based questionnaire was emailed to 124 randomly chosen neonatologists at 55 tertiary neonatal intensive care units (NICUs) from all regions of China. The survey covered various aspects of TnEcho, including the characteristics of clinical practice, attitudes towards its usefulness, perceived barriers of implementation and training methods. Results: Survey response rate was 67.7% (84/124). Thirty-six (42.9%) respondents stated that TnEcho was utilized in their NICUs. Most respondents reported use of echocardiography to evaluate hemodynamic significance of the patent ductus arteriosus (PDA, 97.2%), myocardial performance in neonates with sudden cardiorespiratory deterioration (97.2%). The most frequently used parameters to identify hemodynamic significant PDA were ductal size (88.9%) and doppler pattern (91.7%) of transductal flow respectively. Most (83.3%) respondents measured tricuspid regurgitation to assess pulmonary hemodynamics. All respondents positively valued the role of TnEcho in providing timely and longitudinal hemodynamic information to guide cardiovascular support. Lack of experienced practitioners with echocardiography expertise and accredited training programs were perceived to be the major barriers to implementation (82.1% and 81%, respectively). Of concern, most practitioners with TnEcho skills received training in an informal manner through self-directed learning (66.7%) or workshops (66.7%). Conclusions: The use of TnEcho for longitudinal evaluation of infants with hemodynamic stability is growing within Chinese NICUs. There is an urgent need to develop standardized training programs and accreditation for TnEcho which are adapted to the Chinese context.

Anti-inflammatory, antiviral, and anti-cancer treatments are potential applications of nanomaterials in biology. To explore the latest discoveries in nanotechnology, we reviewed the published literature, focusing on co-assembled nanoparticles for anti-inflammatory and anti-tumor properties, and their applications in animal husbandry. The results show that nanoparticles have significant anti-inflammation and anti-tumor effects, demonstrating broad application prospects in animal breeding. Furthermore, pooled evidence suggests that the mechanism is to have a positive impact on inflammation and tumors through the specific drug loading by indirectly or directly targeting the disease sites. Because the precise regulatory mechanism remains unclear, most studies have focused on regulating particular sites or even specific genes in the nucleus by targeting functional co-assembled nanoparticles. Hence, despite the intriguing scenarios for nanotechnology in farmed animals, most results cannot yet be translated into field applications. Overall, nanomaterials outperformed similar materials in terms of anti-inflammatory and anti-tumor. Nanotechnology also has promising applications in animal husbandry and veterinary care, and its application and development in animal husbandry remain an exciting area of research.

It is difficult for physicians to identify patients with metastatic nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) who are sensitive to local treatment of metastases. Here, we aimed to establish a prognostic model for survival and individualize treatments for patients with metastatic NPC. Data were collated from 240 NPC patients diagnosed with metachronous metastasis between 2006 and 2020 who received palliative chemotherapy with or without local treatment. Multivariable Cox regression was implemented to construct a nomogram which had a concordance index of 0.764 when predicting 1-, 3-, and 5-year overall survival (OS). We then classified patients according to risk, creating low- and high-risk groups using the nomogram. Differences in OS between the two groups were significant (

Glioma is the most lethal brain tumor with a poor prognosis, and a combination of multiple therapeutic strategies is critical for postoperative glioma treatment. Herein, a multifunctional hybrid hydrogel system (designated as CPCL@RNP

In this paper, the problem of simultaneously testing mean vector and covariance matrix of one-sample population is investigated in high-dimensional settings. We propose a new test statistic and obtain its asymptotic distributions under null and local alternative hypotheses, respectively. Our asymptotic result for proposed test does not need some conditions such as linearity between the sample size and dimension used in existing studies. Simulation results also demonstrate our new test not only can control reasonably the nominal level but also has greater empirical powers than competing tests.

Caffeine induces multiple vascular effects. In this study we investigated the angiogenic effect of physiological concentrations of caffeine with focus on endothelial cell behaviors (migration and proliferation) during angiogenesis and its mitochondrial and bioenergetic mechanisms. We showed that caffeine (10–50 μM) significantly enhanced angiogenesis in vitro, evidenced by concentration-dependent increases in tube formation, and migration of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) without affecting cell proliferation. Caffeine (50 μM) enhanced endothelial migration via activation of cAMP/PKA/AMPK signaling pathway, which was mimicked by cAMP analog 8-Br-cAMP, and blocked by PKA inhibitor H89, adenylate cyclase inhibitor SQ22536 or AMPK inhibitor compound C. Furthermore, caffeine (50 μM) induced significant mitochondrial shortening through the increased phosphorylation of mitochondrial fission protein dynamin-related protein 1 (Drp1) in HUVECs, which increased its activity to regulate mitochondrial fission. Pharmacological blockade of Drp1 by Mdivi-1 (10 μM) or disturbance of mitochondrial fission by Drp1 silencing markedly suppressed caffeine-induced lamellipodia formation and endothelial cell migration. Moreover, we showed that caffeine-induced mitochondrial fission led to accumulation of more mitochondria in lamellipodia regions and augmentation of mitochondrial energetics, both of which were necessary for cell migration. In a mouse model of hindlimb ischemia, administration of caffeine (0.05% in 200 mL drinking water daily, for 14 days) significantly promoted angiogenesis and perfusion as well as activation of endothelial AMPK signaling in the ischemic hindlimb. Taken together, caffeine induces mitochondrial fission through cAMP/PKA/AMPK signaling pathway. Mitochondrial fission is an integral process in caffeine-induced endothelial cell migration by altering mitochondrial distribution and energetics.