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BackgroundTumor immune microenvironment (TIM) plays a critical role in tumorigenesis and progression. Recently, therapies based on modulating TIM have made great breakthroughs in cancer treatment. Polo-like kinase 1 (PLK1) is a crucial regulatory factor of the cell cycle process and its dysregulations often cause various pathological processes including tumorigenesis. However, the detailed mechanisms surrounding the regulation of PLK1 on glioma immune microenvironment remain undefined.MethodsPublic databases and online datasets were used to extract data of PLK1 expression, clinical features, genetic alterations, and biological functions. The EdU, flow cytometry, and macrophage infiltration assays as well as xenograft animal experiments were performed to determine the relationship between PLK1 and glioma immune microenvironment in vivo and in vitro.ResultsPLK1 is always highly expressed in multiple cancers especially in glioma. Univariable and Multivariate proportional hazard Cox analysis showed that PLK1 was a prognostic biomarker for glioma. Simultaneously, highly expressed PLK1 is significantly related to prognosis, histological and genetic features in glioma by analyzing public databases. In addition, the enrichment analysis suggested that PLK1 might related to “immune response”, “cell cycle”, “DNA replication”, and “mismatch repair” in glioma. Immune infiltration analysis demonstrated that highly expressed PLK1 inhibited M1 macrophages infiltration to glioblastoma immune microenvironment by Quantiseq and Xcell databases and negatively related to some chemokines and marker genes of M1 macrophages in glioblastoma. Subsequent experiments confirmed that PLK1 knockdown inhibited the proliferation of glioma cells but increased the M1 macrophages infiltration and polarization. Furthermore, in glioma xenograft mouse models, we showed that inhibiting PLK1 blocked tumor proliferation and increased the M1 macrophages infiltration. Finally, PLK1 methylation analysis and lncRNA-miRNA network revealed the potential mechanism of abnormal PLK1 expression in glioma.ConclusionsPLK1 inhibits M1 macrophages infiltration into glioma immune microenvironment and is a potential biomarker for glioma.

Polo-like kinases (PLKs) are crucial regulatory factors of the cell cycle process and their dysregulations often cause various diseases including tumorigenesis. Although the PLKs, including PLK1, have been extensively studied and reported, few pan-cancer analyses are attainable. The potential oncogenic roles of PLK1 were thus explored among different cancers according to various online websites and datasets. PLK1 is always overexpressed in many cancers, and there is a significant relationship between its expression and the prognosis of cancer patients. In addition, the enrichment analysis suggested that PLK1 might related to “cell cycle”, “DNA replication”, “mismatch repair”, and “immune response” in pan-cancer, especially in glioma. Therefore, the analyses about genetic alterations and immune in pan-cancer were conducted. Furthermore, flow cytometry, CCK8 and EdU assays can further verify the above results of enrichment analysis. Moreover, DNA methylation and ceRNA network were analyzed to explore the potential mechanisms of aberrant expression of PLK1. In conclusion, our research about the oncogenic roles of PLK1 in pan-cancer further supplemented the oncogenic mechanisms of PLK1 and developed new potential therapeutic directions.

Temozolomide (TMZ) resistance is a key factor that restricts the therapeutic effect of glioblastoma (GBM). YTH-domain family member 2 (YTHDF2) is highly expressed in GBM tissues, while the mechanism of YTHDF2 in TMZ resistance in GBM remains not fully elucidated.The YTHDF2 expression in TMZ-resistant tissues and cells was detected. Kaplan-Meier analysis was employed to evaluate the prognostic value of YTHDF2 in GBM. Effect of YTHDF2 in TMZ resistance in GBM was explored via corresponding experiments. RNA sequence, FISH in conjugation with fluorescent immunostaining, RNA immunoprecipitation, dual-luciferase reporter gene and immunofluorescence were applied to investigate the mechanism of YTHDF2 that boosted TMZ resistance in GBM.YTHDF2 enhanced TMZ resistance in GBM by activation of the PI3K/Akt and NF-κB signalling pathways via inhibition of EPHB3 and TNFAIP3.

Advanced genomic techniques have now been incorporated into diagnostic practice in neuro-oncology in the literature. However, these assays are expensive and time-consuming and demand bioinformatics expertise for data interpretation. In contrast, single-gene tests can be run much more cheaply, with a short turnaround time, and are available in general pathology laboratories. The objective of this study was to establish a molecular grading scheme for adult gliomas using combinations of commonly available single-gene tests. We retrospectively evaluated molecular diagnostic data of 1,275 cases of adult diffuse gliomas from three institutions where we were testing for IDH1/2 mutation, TERTp mutation, 1p19q codeletion, EGFR amplification, 10q deletion, BRAF V600E, and H3 mutations liberally in our regular diagnostic workup. We found that a molecular grading scheme of Group 1 (1p19q codeleted, IDH mutant), Group 2 (IDH mutant, 1p19q non-deleted, TERT mutant), Group 3 (IDH mutant, 1p19q non-deleted, TERT wild type), Group 4 (IDH wild type, BRAF mutant), Group 5 (IDH wild type, BRAF wild type and not possessing the criteria of Group 6), and Group 6 (IDH wild type, and any one of TERT mutant, EGFR amplification, 10q deletion, or H3 mutant) could significantly stratify this large cohort of gliomas for risk. A total of 1,028 (80.6%) cases were thus classifiable with sufficient molecular data. There were 270 cases of molecular Group 1, 59 cases of molecular Group 2, 248 cases of molecular Group 3, 27 cases of molecular Group 4, 117 cases of molecular Group 5, and 307 cases of molecular Group 6. The molecular groups were independent prognosticators by multivariate analyses and in specific instances, superseded conventional histological grades. We were also able to validate the usefulness of the Groups with a cohort retrieved from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) where similar molecular tests were liberally available. We conclude that a single-gene molecular stratification system, useful for fine prognostication, is feasible and can be adopted by a general pathology laboratory.

The WHO (2021) Classification classified a group of pediatric-type high-grade gliomas as IDH wildtype, H3 wildtype but as of currently, they are characterized only by negative molecular features of IDH and H3. We recruited 35 cases of pediatric IDH wildtype and H3 wildtype hemispheric glioblastomas. We evaluated them with genome-wide methylation profiling, targeted sequencing, RNAseq, TERT promoter sequencing, and FISH. The median survival of the cohort was 27.6 months. With Capper et al.'s

In the 2016, WHO classification of tumors of the central nervous system, isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) mutation is a main classifier for lower grade astrocytomas and IDH-mutated astrocytomas is now regarded as a single group with longer survival. However, the molecular and clinical heterogeneity among IDH mutant lower grade (WHO Grades II/III) astrocytomas have only rarely been investigated. In this study, we recruited 160 IDH mutant lower grade (WHO Grades II/III) astrocytomas, and examined PDGFRA amplification, CDKN2A deletion and CDK4 amplification by FISH analysis, TERT promoter mutation by Sanger sequencing and ATRX loss and p53 expression by immunohistochemistry. We identified PDGFRA amplification, CDKN2A homozygous deletion and CDK4 amplification in 18.8%, 15.0% and 18.1% of our cohort respectively, and these alterations occurred in a mutually exclusive fashion. PDGFRA amplification was associated with shorter PFS (P = 0.0003) and OS (P

As there are multiple factors causing hydrocephalus subsequent to intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH), it is difficult to achieve the best treatment effect using a single drug alone. In the present study, the protective effect of combination treatment with granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) and lithium chloride against hydrocephalus after IVH was investigated. A total of 130 adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into five groups, including the IVH control, G-CSF treatment, lithium chloride treatment, combination treatment and sham surgery groups. An IVH rat model was established in order to examine the effect of combination treatment on hydrocephalus incidence. A TUNEL assay was performed to detect neuronal apoptosis in the five groups. In addition, the protein expression levels of B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2) and Bcl-2-associated X protein (Bax) were detected by western blot analysis. The differentiation of nerve cells in the brain tissue obtained from the five rat groups was also determined with double immunofluorescence staining. The results demonstrated that administration of G-CSF or lithium chloride alone was able to only partly relieve the incidence of hydrocephalus after IVH. By contrast, combination treatment with G-CSF and lithium chloride significantly attenuated the development of hydrocephalus following IVH. TUNEL assay showed that neuronal apoptosis was significantly reduced by the combination treatment with G-CSF and lithium chloride. Furthermore, the expression of Bcl-2 was upregulated, whereas Bax expression was downregulated in the combination treatment group. The results also detected the highest expression of BrdU/GFAP, BrdU/NeuN and BrdU/PSA-NCAM in the combination treatment group. In conclusion, the combination of endogenous neural stem cell mobilization (using G-CSF) and lithium chloride treatment resulted in highly reduced incidence of hydrocephalus after IVH by inhibiting neuronal apoptosis.

Background Both LncRNA UCA1 and miR-495 are crucial gene regulators in various disorders. This study aims to investigate their role in epilepsy and seizure-induced brain injury. Methods In this research, rat model of epilepsy was established by pilocarpine induction. The RNA and protein expression in hippocampal tissues and neurons were determined by qRT-PCR and western blot, respectively. The hippocampal neurons were isolated from hippocampal tissues, and treated with magnesium-free (MGF) physiological solution for epileptiform activity induction. The endogenous expression of related genes was modulated by recombinant plasmids and cell transfection. Flow cytometry was used to analyze the cell apoptosis. Dual luciferase reporter assay was performed to determine the interaction between miR-495 and Nrf2 in HEK-293 cells. Results The lncRNA UCA1 and Nrf2 were down-regulated in epileptiform hippocampal tissues and neurons, while the miR-495 was up-regulated. Over-expression of UCA1 inhibited apoptosis of hippocampal neurons by suppressing miR-495. MiR-495 negatively regulated Nrf2. UCA1 inhibited apoptosis of hippocampal neurons through miR-495/Nrf2-ARE pathway. UCA1 suppressed pilocarpine-induced epilepsy in rat. Conclusion LncRNA UCA1 suppressed pilocarpine-induced epilepsy by inhibiting apoptosis of hippocampal neurons through miR-495/Nrf2-ARE pathway, and thereby inhibiting brain injury induced by seizure.

Solitary fibrous tumors (SFTs) are uncommon, with the pleura as a site of predilection. Central nervous system SFTs, particularly intracranial SFTs, are extremely rare. The lesions are generally benign and localized, and surgery is the main therapeutic solution. The current study reports the cases of a patient who presented with right haunch pain, right leg weakness and paresthesias for several months, and a patient with a history of unexpected loss of consciousness. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed the presence of lesions, with a spindle cell morphology evident on pathological examination. The immunohistochemical examination demonstrated a strong immunoreaction for cluster of differentiation 34, which supported the diagnosis of an SFT. Following a near-total resection, the patients had a good neural prognosis. The present study also provides a literature review, discussing the imageological and pathological characteristics of SFT, and the diagnostic methods that aid in distinguishing the entity from other spindle-cell central nervous system tumors.

Pediatric low-grade gliomas (PLGGs) consist of a number of entities with overlapping histological features. PLGGs have much better prognosis than the adult counterparts, but a significant proportion of PLGGs suffers from tumor progression and recurrence. It has been shown that pediatric and adult low-grade gliomas are molecularly distinct. Yet the clinical significance of some of newer biomarkers discovered by genomic studies has not been fully investigated. In this study, we evaluated in a large cohort of 289 PLGGs a list of biomarkers and examined their clinical relevance. TERT promoter (TERTp), H3F3A and BRAF V600E mutations were detected by direct sequencing. ATRX nuclear loss was examined by immunohistochemistry. CDKN2A deletion, KIAA1549-BRAF fusion, and MYB amplification were determined by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). TERTp, H3F3A, and BRAF V600E mutations were identified in 2.5, 6.4, and 7.4% of PLGGs, respectively. ATRX loss was found in 4.9% of PLGGs. CDKN2A deletion, KIAA1549-BRAF fusion and MYB amplification were detected in 8.8, 32.0 and 10.6% of PLGGs, respectively. Survival analysis revealed that TERTp mutation, H3F3A mutation, and ATRX loss were significantly associated with poor PFS (p

Backgrounds HOX (homologous box) is known as the dominant gene of vertebrate growth and cell differentiation. Abnormal expression of HOX gene in various tumors has attracted the attention of scholars. As a component of HOX clusters, HOXD4 plays a controversial role in the tumorigenesis of central nervous system. Results The data demonstrated that and the results demonstrated that HOXD4 was overexpressed in glioma tissues compared to that of normal brain tissues. patients with high HOXD4 expression had a significant shorter survival than those with low HOXD4 expression in total glioma cohort (p

Recently, long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) have emerged as new gene regulators and prognostic markers in several cancers, including glioma. Here we focused on lncRNA LUCAT1 on the progression of glioma. qRT-PCR was used to determine the expression of LUCAT1 and miR-375 in glioma tissues and cells. MTT and Transwell invasion assays were performed to determine the function of LUCAT1 in glioma progression. The bioinformatics tool DIANA was used to predict the targets of LUCAT1. Pearson’s correlation analysis was performed to explore the correlation between LUCAT1 and miR-375. In the present study, we showed that LUCAT1 was substantially upregulated in glioma tissues and cells. LUCAT1 inhibition significantly suppressed the proliferation and invasion of glioma cells. Subsequently, DIANA showed that miR-375 was predicted to contain the complementary binding sites to LUCAT1. Luciferase reporter assay showed that miR-375 directly targeted LUCAT1. In addition, we found that miR-375 was downregulated in glioma tissues and negatively correlated with LUCAT1 expression in glioma tissues. Furthermore, the results showed that miR-375 could rescue the function of LUCAT1 in glioma progression. The lncRNA LUCAT1 was critical for the proliferation and invasion of glioma cells by regulating miR-375. Our findings indicated that LUCAT1 might offer a potential novel therapeutic target for the treatment of glioma.

Objective To investigate the effect of acute renal ischemia reperfusion on brain tissue. Methods Fourty eight rats were randomly divided into four groups ( n =12): sham operation group, 30 min ischemia 60 min reperfusion group, 60 min ischemia 60 min reperfusion group, and 120 min ischemia 60 min reperfusion group. The brain tissues were taken after the experiment. TUNEL assay was used to detect the brain cell apoptosis, and western blot was used to detect the expression of apoptosis-related proteins and inflammatory factors. Results Renal ischemia-reperfusion induced apoptosis of brain tissues, and the apoptosis increased with prolongation of ischemia time. The detection at the molecular level showed decreased Bcl-2 expression, increased Bax expression, upregulated expression of NF-κB and its downstream factor COX-2/PGE2. Conclusions Acute renal ischemia-reperfusion can cause brain tissue damage, manifested as induced brain tissues apoptosis and inflammation activation.

With the rapid development of construction industry,accident occurs frequently,and significant social effect caused by construction safety accidents has been increased in China.Then the establishment and promotion of safe and civilized construction system has become one of the important tasks of the party and the government in which the items of safety measurement and the temporary facility settings were regulated.As one of the comprehensive measurements,safe and civilized construction has been functioned and the rate of construction safety accidents has decreased steadily.Therefore,based on the implementation of safe and civilized construction at presant,combining with Regulation of Safety Protection of Construction Projects and Measure Fee of Civilized Construction and the national implementation of every province,the paper analyzed problem of the system of safe and civilized construction, proposed three monitoring measures which included the fee of safe and civilized construction,the technical standardizaition and management system of safe and civilized construction.

In order to further discussing the problem of the construction engineering safety supervision, this paper analyzed the cost and benefit on the rent-seeking behavior of engineering safety supervision using rent-seeking theory. Two game models of engineering safety supervision rent-seeking was established and some suggestions were given.

Construction accident precursors(CAPs) are potential upcoming accident signals and offer the possibility for improving safety management performance. Case-based reasoning (CBR) as an artificial intelligence(AI) tools can be used to improve the efficiency and quality of CAPs identification. This paper developed a system framework for identifying CAPs on construction sites using CBR. There were ten indicators, including six problem indicators and four solution indicators were identified to describe the CAPs case between the accident characteristics and corresponding precursors. Especially, a technique case-based adaptation was implemented in the adaptation stage of CBR called inner CBR and three indicators were identified to describe the adaptation case. Eventually, the CAPs identification system framework was presented and a case study based on actual accident case from US Department of OSHA was used to illustrate how to seek CAPs.This research provides a new way to acquire more useful information from historical accident records in order to improve safety on construction sites for future ongoing project.

To investigate the characteristics of immune function in newborn infants of different gestational ages.A total of 115 premature infants free of infection between June 1, 2012 and June 1, 2013 were divided into two groups according to their gestational age at birth: early preterm infant group (28-33+6 weeks, n=57) and late preterm infant group (34-36+6 weeks, n=58). Meanwhile, 88 full-term infants (37-41+6 week) were recruited to the control group. Venous blood samples were collected within 24 hours after birth. The percentages of lymphocyte subsets, such as CD3+, CD4+, CD8+, and CD19+ T cells and natural killer (NK) cells were measured by flow cytometry, and the absolute count of each population was calculated using the results from routine blood work. Concentrations of serum IgG, IgA, and IgM were measured by immunoturbidimetry.Both preterm infant groups had significantly higher percentages of CD3+ and CD4+ T cells and CD4+/CD8+ ratio (P0.05) and significantly lower percentages of CD8+ and CD19+ T cells and NK cells (P0.05), as compared with the full-term infant group. The absolute counts of total lymphocytes, CD3+, CD4+, CD8+, and CD19+ T cells, and NK cells in both preterm infant groups were significantly lower than those in the full-term infant group (P0.05), and the above parameters in the late preterm infant group were significantly higher than those in the early preterm infant group (P0.05). Both preterm infant groups showed significantly lower concentrations of serum IgG than the full-term infant group (P0.05), while no significant differences in concentrations of serum IgA and IgM were observed between the three groups (P0.05).Neonatal gestational age has an effect on cellular and humoral immunity. The immune function gradually improves with increasing gestational age.

To investigate the safety and efficacy of low-concentration inhaled nitric oxide (NO) in the treatment of hypoxic respiratory failure (HRF) among premature infants.Sixty premature infants (gestational age ≤ 34 weeks) with HRF were randomized into NO and control groups between 2012 and 2013, with 30 cases in each group. Both groups received nasal continuous positive airway pressure (nCPAP) or mechanical ventilation. NO inhalation was continued for at least 7 days or until weaning in the NO group. The general conditions, blood gas results, complications, and clinical outcomes of the two groups were analyzed.The NO group showed significantly more improvement in blood gas results than the control group after 12 hours of treatment (P0.05). After that, the change in oxygenation status over time showed no significant difference between the two groups (P0.05). There were no significant differences in total time of assisted ventilation and duration of oxygen therapy between the two groups (P0.05). The incidence of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD), patent ductus arteriosus, necrotizing enterocolitis, retinopathy of prematurity, and pneumothorax in infants showed no significant differences between the NO and control groups (P0.05), but the incidence of IVH and mortality were significantly lower in the NO group than in the control group (7% vs 17%, P0.05; 3% vs 13%, P0.05).NO inhalation may improve oxygenation status and reduce the mortality in premature infants with HRF, but it cannot reduce the incidence of BPD and the total time of mechanical ventilation or nCPAP and duration of oxygen therapy. NO therapy may have a brain-protective effect for premature infants with HRF and does not increase clinical complications.

To investigate serological and genetic characteristics for an individual with cisAB06, an ABO blood subtype.Antigens on red blood cells from the ABO blood group discordant individual were validated by monoclonal antibodies. The ABO antibodies in serum were validated by standard A, B, O cells. ABO genes were analyzed by polymerase chain reaction-sequence specific primer (PCR-SSP). Exons 6-7 of A/B genes were amplified with specific PCR, and the products were directly sequenced.Both A and B antigens were detected on red blood cells from the proband. There was also anti-A antibody in the serum. The result of PCR-SSP has suggested a B/O02 phenotype. Direct sequencing revealed that the gene was cisAB06. Compared with B101 allele, the cisAB06 allele featured a single nucleotide change (GC) at position 526 which resulted in an amino acid substitution (G176R).GC at nt526 of B allele can produce a cisAB06 allele. The serological phenotype of the specimen is therefore type AB.

Owners in the core position of the whole process of the project at the design stage to strengthen the guidance on the design of construction safety can effectively eliminate the insecurity in the construction process, from the accident source control accidents occurred. In this paper, a questionnaire survey and statistical analysis, conducted a random survey for 500 designers in Wuhan, on the construction safety design for the owners. The results showed that the owners involving in construction safety design were not so common, there were still many obstacles. For example, better design bidding, only 17 percent of the owners considered the construction of safe design capacity. More than 50 percent of the owners did not meet safety design requirements, and it was difficult to design advices on accident prevention, security, selection of equipment and materials. About 65 percent of the owners did not establish a construction safety design incentives. Based on these results, the paper proposed advices through five aspects to further promote construction safety design recommendations.

To identify a novel human leukocyte antigen(HLA) allele in Chinese population.HLA typing was carried out with polymerase chain reaction-sequence specific oligonucleotide probes (PCR-SSOP). The HLA-B exons 1-7 of the proband were amplified and the product was cloned using a TOPO TA cloning sequencing kit to separate the two alleles. Both strands of exons 2 and 3 of selected colonies were sequenced. Sequence-based typing (SBT) was used to identify and analyze the difference between the new allele and the closest matching HLA-B allele.HLA typing indicated a SSOP pattern which did not match with known HLA-B alleles. The results of the sequencing suggested the HLA-B alleles of the proband as B*59:01 and a novel allele. The HLA-B exon 3 sequence of the novel allele was different from any known alleles. This allele differs from the closest matching B*54:06 allele by 6 nucleotides, which included nt486 (G to C), nt527 (A to T), nt538 (T to C), nt539 (G to T), nt559 (C to A) and nt560 (T to C) in exon 3, resulting in substitutions of three amino acids including Glu to Val at codon 152, Trp to Leu at codon 156 and Leu to Thr at codon 163.A novel HLA-B allele has been identified and has been designated as HLA-B*54:09 by WHO Nomenclature Committee for Factors of the HLA System.

To study the characteristics of amplitude integrated electroencephalography (aEEG) in preterm infants and changes of maturation with gestational age.aEEG monitoring was done within 3 days of age with domestically produced digital aEEG set (CFM3000). Duration of each recording was at least 4 hours. The continuity, sleep-wake cycle, voltage and bandwidth of all aEEG tracing were analyzed.The percent of continuity background increased from 30% of 28 weeks to 85.7% of 36 weeks (χ(2) = 28.2, P = 0.026); the percent of mature sleep-wake cycle increased from 10% of 28 weeks to 100% of 36 weeks (χ(2) = 192.4, P0.01). Low bound voltage increased with gestational age, from (6.8 ± 1.7) µV (28 w) to 9.7 - 10.1 µV (35 - 36 w) (F = 11.4, P0.01). Bandwidth of the narrow band decreases gradually with gestational age, from 1.45 cm (28 w) to (0.86 ± 0.24) cm (36 w) (F = 8.731, P0.01). The correlation coefficient for continuity, sleep-wake cycle, low bound voltage and bandwidth of narrow band, and total scores were 0.32, 0.81, 0.38, 0.55 and 0.78 respectively (P0.05).The older the gestational age of infants at birth, the more mature the aEEG pattern, manifested as increased continuity and sleep-wake cycle, the higher low bound voltage and more narrowed bandwidth with increased gestational age.

To identify and confirm a novel HLA allele.A new human leukocyte antigen class I allele was found during routine HLA genotyping by polymerase chain reaction-sequence specific oligonucleotide probes (PCR-SSOP) and sequencing-based typing (SBT).The novel HLA-B*52 allele was identical to B*52:01:01 with an exception of one base substitution at position 583 of exon 3 where a C was changed to T resulting in codon 195 changed from CAC(H) to TAC(Y).A new HLA class I allele, B*52:11, is identified, and is named officially by the WHO Nomenclature Committee.

To discuss the correlation of C-reactive protein (CRP) concentration in the EPS of chronic prostatitis (CP) patients with CP types, WBC count in EPS, lecithin corpuscles (LLZXT) and chronic prostatitis symptom index (CPSI).According to the NIH classification standard, 196 cases of CP were diagnosed by the pro and post massage test (PPMT) and EPS routine, of which 68 were chronic bacterial prostatitis (Type II ), 76 inflammatory chronic non-bacterial prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome (Type III A) and 52 non-inflammatory chronic non-bacterial prostatitis/chronic pain syndrome (Type III B). Another 50 healthy volunteers were enrolled as normal controls. The CRP concentration in the EPS of all the patients was determined by immunoturbidimetry and 196 groups of data were obtained.The average concentration of CRP was significantly higher in the CP group ( [2.945 +/- 1.996] mg/L) than in the control ( [1.101 +/- 0.440] mg/L) (P0. 01) , and it decreased progressively from the Type II to Type III A and Type III B group, with statistical difference between Type III B and Type II or Type III A (P0. 01 ), but not between Type II and Type III A (P = 0.058). The CRP concentration was correlated negatively with LLZXT (r = -0.33, P0.01) and positively with WBC count (r = 0.63, P0.01) and the score on the first 6 items of CPSI (r = 0. 28, P0. 01).The CRP concentration in EPS, with its significant role in the pathogenesis of CP, may serve as a basis for the diagnosis and classification of CP as well as an objective index for assessing the therapeutic effect on the disease.

To identify a novel HLA allele in Chinese population.A new HLA-B allele was initially detected by an usual PCR-SSP and PCR-SSOP in routine typing HLA allele. Sequence-based typing (SBT) was used to identify and analysis the difference between the new allele and HLA-B 4409 allele.The HLA-B exon 3 nucleotide sequence of the novel allele was different from all other known alleles. The allele had 3 nucleotides replaced of the closest matching B 4409 allele at nt538(GC), nt539(AT) and nt540 (CG) in exon 3, resulting in an amino acid change from D(GAC) to L(CTG) at codon 180.A novel HLA allele was confirmed by the SBT and it was officially designated as HLA-B 4446 by WHO Nomenclature Committee for Factors of the HLA System in September,2005.

To investigate the safety and efficacy of intracoronary transplantation of G-CSF mobilized autologous peripheral blood stem cells in patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI).Patients with AMI were randomly assigned to receive intracoronary PBSCs transplantation following bone marrow cells mobilization by granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (300-600 microg/day subcutaneously for 5 days) in addition to standard therapy (standard drug therapy and PCI, PBSCs transplantation group, n = 35) or standard therapy (standard drug therapy and PCI, n = 35). One day after G-CSF treatment was finished the patient's mononuclear cells were harvested by Baxter CS 3000 blood cell separator in a volume of 57 ml and then transferred into the infarct related artery by occluding the over the wire balloon and infusing artery through balloon center lumen. Complications during intervention and left ventricular function at baseline and 6 months thereafter were monitored.No severe side effects of G-CSF treatment could be observed. Malignant arrhythmias were not observed either. Left ventricular function was significantly improved 6 months after G-CSF mobilized autologous peripheral blood stem cell transplantation compared to baseline (global left ventricular function ejection fraction: 57.1 +/- 7.8 vs. 50.0 +/- 8.2%, P0.0001; WMSI: 1.101 +/- 0.118 vs. 1.219 +/- 0.190, P0.0001; left end-systolic volume: 52.6 +/- 20.3 vs. 63.8 +/- 23.9 ml, P = 0.01 and left end-diastolic volume: 119.2 +/- 30.3 vs. 134.2 +/- 36.7 ml, P = 0.07) while these parameters remained unchanged in the control group.The present study demonstrates that G-CSF mobilized autologous intracoronary PBSCs transplantation is a safe and feasible treatment for patients with AMI and global left ventricular function is improved and left ventricular remodeling attenuated at six-month follow-up.

To characterize the incidence, epidemiologic features, etiologic agents and sequelae of bacterial meningitis in children under 5 years of age in Nanning, Guangxi.A population-based surveillance was conducted to evaluate children with signs and symptoms of meningitis. All hospitals, township health centers and village clinics in the surveillance area were structured to participate in the case referral and evaluation. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and blood specimens were obtained and processed using standardized microbiologic methods.During the 26-month surveillance period, among the children under 5 years old, a total of 1272 cases who met the screening criteria of meningitis were studied. 265 of 1272 cases were identified as clinically diagnosed meningitis, with an incidence rate of 86.36 per 100 000 population. The annual incidence rate under the 38 cases of confirmed bacterial meningitis appeared to be 12.38/100 000. Staphylococcus species accounted for the largest proportion of laboratory-confirmed bacterial meningitis, followed by E. coli and S. pneumoniae. The highest attack rate occurred in neonates1 month, followed by children aged 1 - 12 months in the confirmed patients. Meningitis caused by Sp and Hi mainly occurred in children aged 1 - 12 months. All cases of meningitis due to Hi and Sp were children aged 1 - 24 months. 13.16% and 0.00% of the cases survived with complications and sequelae, and the case-fatality rate was 18.42%. 40 bacterial isolates were identified from 1193 blood cultures and 23 from 1211 cerebrospinal fluid samples, but no Neisseria meningitidis was found.Meningitis due to Hi was first confirmed in Guangxi with the incidence of 0.98 per 100 000 population. The annual incidence rate of confirmed bacterial meningitis was 12.38 per 100 000, which was considered an important public health problem in children. Staphylococci was the predominant pathogen in confirmed bacterial meningitis.

To observe the injury on micro-skin induced by a self designed micro-skin machine.Micro-skin was produced either with the machine or by hand. Cells at the edge of micro-skin were observed by transmission electron microscope. succinic dehydrogenase activity in supernatant of cultivated cells was analyzed, and the cell proliferation of micro-skin was assessed by (3)H-TdR. Twenty patients were enrolled in the study for the observation of the wound healing time between the two groups of micro-skin after being grafted.Transmission electron microscope examination revealed that the cellular injury at the edge of the micro-skin in machine-made group was mild compared with that in man-made group. (3)H-TdR rate was elevated but the activity of succinic dehydrogenase in the supernatant of cultured cells decreased in supernatant of cultured cells of machine produced micro-skin. Wound healing time was shortened in machine made group. (P0.05).The cellular injury at the edge of micro-skin in the machine made group was mild when compared with that in the man-made group with cell proliferation accelerated and wound healing time shortened.

Objective To investigate the efficacy and safety of selective head cooling with mild systemic hypothermia in hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) in newborn infants. Study design Infants with HIE were randomly assigned to the selective head cooling or control group. Selective head cooling was initiated within 6 hours after birth to a nasopharyngeal temperature of 34° ± 0.2°C and rectal temperature of 34.5° to 35.0°C for 72 hours. Rectal temperature was maintained at 36.0° to 37.5°C in the control group. Neurodevelopmental outcome was assessed at 18 months of age. The primary outcome was a combined end point of death and severe disability. Results One hundred ninety-four infants were available for analysis (100 and 94 infants in the selective head cooling and control group, respectively). For the selective head cooling and control groups, respectively, the combined outcome of death and severe disability was 31% and 49% (OR: 0.47; 95% CI: 0.26-0.84; P = .01), the mortality rate was 20% and 29% (OR:0.62; 95% CI: 0.32-1.20; P = .16), and the severe disability rate was 14% (11/80) and 28% (19/67) (OR: 0.40; 95% CI: 0.17-0.92; P = .01). Conclusions Selective head cooling combined with mild systemic hypothermia for 72 hours may significantly decrease the combined outcome of severe disability and death, as well as severe disability.