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Lepiota atrobrunneodisca sp. nov. is described and illustrated based on collections from Shanxi Province in North China. This species is characterized by the pileus with dark brown to black-brown umbonate disc, irregularly shaped squamules on a whitish surface, annulus often adhering to stipe, ellipsoid to narrowly ellipsoid, binucleate basidiospores, numerous cheilocystidia, the absence of pleurocystidia, and the hymeniform pileus covering made up of tightly packed subglobose, sphaeropedunculate to clavate terminal elements. The phylogenetic analyses were performed using ITS and four combined loci (ITS-nrLSU-IGS-mtSSU) datasets, which supported that L. atrobrunneodisca formed a distinct clade.

The transfer of the posterior tibial tendon through the interosseous membrane is potentially an effective treatment to correct the deformity of the foot and ankle. Our study aimed to evaluate the anatomical feasibility of anterior transfer of the posterior tibial tendon through the interosseous membrane route using the musculotendinous junction (MTJ). Eighteen adult cadavers were used. The width and thickness of the tibial posterior MTJ, width of the interosseous membrane at the corresponding level, and the window size of the interosseous membrane were measured. Additionally, the distance between the distal end of the MTJ and the tip of the medial malleolus were recorded. The mean length of the posterior tibial tendon was 83.60 mm, the mean distance of the posterior tibial MTJ to medial malleolus tip was 45.48 mm and the mean length of MTJ was 31.74 mm. The mean width of distal end of MTJ was 7.76 mm, thickness of distal end of MTJ was 4.07 mm and the mean width of the interosseous membrane at the distal end of MTJ was 4.76 mm. We found the mean width of the proximal end of MTJ was 20.68 mm, the mean thickness of proximal end of MTJ was 5.52 mm, and mean width of interosseous membrane at the proximal end of MTJ was 8.76 mm. Our study has demonstrated that a 31 mm length incision made at approximately 45 mm from the proximal end of the medial malleolus can safely reach the MTJ. We recommend an opening length of the interosseous membrane of at least 20 mm.

The treatment of a variety of recurrent or resistant hematologic malignancies with chimeric antigen receptor T cell (CAR- T) cell therapy has seen significant success in recent years. The current CAR- T cell therapy approach is not without flaws, nevertheless, and there are still several issues with clinical treatment, including antigen escape, significant toxicity, and sus-ceptibility to drug-resistant recurrence. This paper introduces the structural development and characteristics of CAR-T cells, reviews the limitations of CAR- T cell therapy, including an-tigen escape, toxicity, CAR-T cell depletion and drug-resistant relapse after treatment, and summarizes the related improvement and optimization strategies. The paper concludes that CAR-T cell immunotherapy has brought new hope to patients with hematologic malignancies, making a cure for refractory and recurrent hematologic malignancies possible. Although CAR-T cell therapy still has many challenges at present, such as immunogenicity, drug re-sistance, and toxicity.

The exploration of highly efficient and stable non-noble metal electrocatalysts for oxygen evolution reaction (OER) is a crucial challenge.

Misuse of disinfectants during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic has led to several poisoning incidents. However, there are few clinical case reports on poisoning caused by improper mixing of household disinfectants.To summarize the clinical characteristics and treatment effects of chlorine poisoning caused by improper mixing of hypochlorite bleach with acidic cleaning agents.METHODSWe retrospectively analyzed baseline and clinical data, clinical symptoms, and treatment methods of seven patients with chlorine poisoning who were admitted to the National Army Poisoning Treatment Center.Among the seven patients, the average poisoning time (exposure to admission) was 57 h (4-240 h). All patients were involved in cleaning bathrooms. Chest computed tomography scans revealed bilateral lung effusions or inflammatory changes in five patients. The partial pressure of oxygen decreased in six patients, and respiratory failure occurred in one. Five patients had different degrees of increase in white blood cell count. Humidified oxygen therapy, non-invasive mechanical ventilation, anti-inflammatory corticosteroids, antioxidants, and antibiotics were administered for treatment. The average length of hospital stay was 7 d (4-9 d). All seven patients recovered and were discharged.Improper mixing of household disinfectants may cause damage to the respiratory system due to chlorine poisoning. Corticosteroids may improve lung exudation in severe cases, and symptomatic supportive treatment should be performed early.

Key to the Lepiota species with a hymeniform pileus covering from China 1. Pileus surface usually smooth, not breaking up into scales.......................................................................................... L. coloratipes 1. Pileus surface covered with scales.....................................................................................................................................................2 2. Basidiospores ellipsoid, oblong-ellipsoid in side-view......................................................................................................................3 2. Basidiospores subtriangular to triangular in side-view with or without lateral knobs in frontal view..............................................6 3. Annulus covered by minute yellowish brown squamules on lower surface................................................... L. sinorecondita ad int. 3. Annulus white, smooth.......................................................................................................................................................................4 4. Basidia> 22 μm long......................................................................................................................................... L. atrobrunneodisca 4. Basidia L. apalochroa 5. Pileus surface covered by grey to greyish brown small scales.................................................................................... L. micropholis 6. Basidiospores with lateral knobs in frontal view..................................................................................... L. cristata var. macrospora 6. Basidiospores not as above.................................................................................................................................................................7 7. Basidiospores> 6 μm long.............................................................................................................................. L. cristata var. cristata 7. Basidiospores L. cristatanea, Published as part of Mao, Ning, Xia, Lu, Xu, Yu-Yan & Fan, Li, 2023, Lepiota atrobrunneodisca (Agaricaceae, Agaricales), a new species with a hymeniform pileus covering from North China, pp. 186-198 in Phytotaxa 595 (2) on page 196, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.595.2.5, http://zenodo.org/record/7905882

Key to the Lepiota species with a hymeniform pileus covering from China 1. Pileus surface usually smooth, not breaking up into scales.......................................................................................... L. coloratipes 1. Pileus surface covered with scales.....................................................................................................................................................2 2. Basidiospores ellipsoid, oblong-ellipsoid in side-view......................................................................................................................3 2. Basidiospores subtriangular to triangular in side-view with or without lateral knobs in frontal view..............................................6 3. Annulus covered by minute yellowish brown squamules on lower surface................................................... L. sinorecondita ad int. 3. Annulus white, smooth.......................................................................................................................................................................4 4. Basidia> 22 μm long......................................................................................................................................... L. atrobrunneodisca 4. Basidia 5. Pileus surface covered by brown to yellowish brown small scales.............................................................................. L. apalochroa 5. Pileus surface covered by grey to greyish brown small scales.................................................................................... L. micropholis 6. Basidiospores with lateral knobs in frontal view..................................................................................... L. cristata var. macrospora 6. Basidiospores not as above.................................................................................................................................................................7 7. Basidiospores> 6 μm long.............................................................................................................................. L. cristata var. cristata 7. Basidiospores L. cristatanea

NF1 is a tumor suppressor gene that encodes the neurofibromin protein and negatively regulates Ras signaling. This study was aimed to investigate the molecular, clinical characteristics, and prognostic features of NF1 gene in EGFR mutant lung cancer patients.The next-generation sequencing (NGS) was used to analyze the data from lung cancer patients in the Guangdong Lung Cancer Institute (GLCI) from June 2016 to December 2020.Somatic NF1 mutations were present in 4.2% (135/3220) of Chinese lung cancer patients. NF1 mutations where clearly enriched in older (p 0.001), male (p 0.001), and smoking (p 0.001) patients. Patients with NF1 mutations were more likely to have TP53 (p = 0.003), BRAF (p = 0.001) and RASA1 (p = 0.026) mutations and mutually exclusive with EGFR mutations (p = 0.006). TP53 mutation had worsen prognosis in cases of NF1 mutant (p = 0.026) or EGFR/NF1 co-mutant (p = 0.031) lung adenocarcinomas (LUAD) patients. There was no effect on overall survival (OS) in LUAD patients with and without NF1 mutations, even in LUAD driver-gene negative patients. NF1/EGFR co-mutation patients had a longer OS than a single mutation of either the EGFR gene (median OS: 47.7 m vs. 30.2 m, hazard ratio [95% CI], 0.47 [0.30-0.74], p = 0.004) or NF1 gene (47.7 m vs. 19.0 m, 0.44 [0.27-0.73], p = 0.003). Furthermore, NF1 mutations significantly prolonged OS in EGFR mutant/TP53 wild-type LUAD patients (106.5 m vs. 25.5 m, 0.28 [0.13-0.59], p = 0.003) but not in patients with EGFR/TP53 co-mutations (36.8 m vs. 30.2 m, 0.70 [0.39-1.26], p = 0.280).Our results indicated NF1 mutations served as a good prognostic factor in EGFR mutant/TP53 wild-type lung cancer patients in this single-center study. TP53 mutation was obviously enriched in NF1 mutant patients and had shorter OS.

Lime and biochar amendments are widely used to immobilize cadmium (Cd) in agricultural soils and to ensure food security. However, the effects of these two soil amendments on the mechanisms of Cd stress alleviation in crops are unclear. Therefore, the effects of lime and biochar applications on Cd uptake, transport, subcellular distribution, antioxidant system, N metabolism, and related factors were examined in a soil-Brassica napus L. (B. napus) system. We found that lime application significantly increased the root Cd content by 41.5% but decreased Cd TF and shoot Cd by 81.0% and 74.3%, respectively, whereas biochar amendment decreased root and shoot Cd contents by 67.6% and 34.3%, respectively, but increased Cd TF by 104.1%. Lime treatment immobilized Cd in the cell wall of the root to reduce Cd transport, but biochar treatment increased the soluble fraction of Cd in root cells to improve the migration capacity of Cd. The significant negative relationship between the soil exchangeable Cd and Ca and the positive relationships between Cd and Ca both in shoot and root indicated that the Ca mediated Cd transport from soil to B. napus after lime and biochar applications. Additionally, lime amendment increased Cd proportion in the root cell walls to immobilize Cd, but biochar amendment increased Cd proportion in the soluble fraction to enhance Cd migration. Furthermore, biochar application significantly increased SOD, CAT, and POD by 17.5%, 95.4%, and 26.6%, whereas lime amendment only significantly enhanced CAT by 51.0%. Besides, both of biochar and lime applications increased shoot N content and GDH activity, but only the shoot NO3- content and nitrate reductase under biochar treatment were significantly altered. Overall, these findings suggested that lime is more efficient in reducing the transport of Cd from underground to aboveground and in improving Cd tolerance, whereas biochar tends to improve the antioxidant capacity and facilitate N metabolism. These results will provide significant strategies for selecting appropriate amendments to ensure the crops safety.

We aimed to identify which enteral feeding method was most beneficial for patients and compare clinical outcomes, quality of life, and complication rates by assessing patients who underwent prophylactic percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (pPEG) tube, reactive percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (rPEG) tube or reactive nasogastric tube (rNGT) insertion.Patients with head and neck cancers (HNCs) were enrolled between April 1, 2013 and April 17, 2019 (n = 335; 296 males, 39 females). Data concerning patient characteristics and treatment modalities were extracted from the medical records. Comparisons between enteral feeding methods were made by univariate and multivariate analysis. Overall survival (OS) outcomes were analyzed by the log rank test using the Kaplan-Meier method.A total of 335 patients were included. The median follow-up time was 29.5 months. There were forty-six patients in the pPEG tube group, 23 patients in the rPEG tube group, and 266 patients in the rNGT group. pPEG, increased body-mass index (BMI), and N0-1 category were significantly associated with less weight loss in the multivariate analysis (all P lt; 0.05). pPEG decreased the rate of radiotherapy delay compared with that of reactive interventions (23.1% vs. 47.1%, P = 0.007). In terms of quality of life, global health status, role functioning, emotional functioning, cognitive functioning, pain, and dyspnea were significantly improved in the pPEG tube group (all P lt; 0.05). BMI and weight loss were independent prognostic factors for clinical survival outcomes (all P lt; 0.05).pPEG could improve nutrition outcomes, reduce treatment delay, and maintain quality of life.

This study investigated the composition of pathogenic microorganisms, clinical features, and therapeutic strategies of infective artery rupture of renal allografts in recipients receiving deceased donor (DD) kidneys.We retrospectively studied the clinical data of the DD kidney transplant recipients with donor-associated infection at Tongji Hospital, Wuhan, China from January 1, 2015 to December 31, 2018, related recipients and corresponding donors. We collected the entire results of pathogenic microorganisms cultured from these related ruptured kidneys and then analyzed their distribution and differences.A total of 1440 kidney transplants from DD were performed in our center. The total incidence of infective artery rupture in kidney transplants was about 0.76% (11/1440), and the annual incidence ranged from 0.25% to 1.03%. The microbial culture results revealed that 11 recipients suffered from infective artery rupture and 3 recipients who accepted the kidney from same donor had the donor-associated pathogens, including 9 fungal strains (28.1%) and 23 bacterial strains (71.9%). There were 4 recipients infected with multi-drug-resistant Staphylococcus and Klebsiella pneumoniae from the above 11 recipients, of which, 10 recipients underwent graft loss, and one died of septic shock. The microbial cultures of the remaining 3 recipients who received appropriate anti-infective regimens turned negative eventually, and the patients were discharged successfully without significant complications.Renal recipients with infections derived from DDs were at high risk of artery rupture, graft loss, or even death. Appropriate anti-infective treatment is essential to reduce the incidence of artery rupture and mortality.

PDF file - 322KB, Showed that we have constructed SW480/miR-200c, SW620/miR-200c, SW480/miR-200c/Sox2, SW620/miR-200c/Sox2,SW480/zip-200c and HCT116/zip-200c sub-cell lines.The expression of miR-200c Sox2 was tested.

PDF file - 148KB, Aupplementary tables 1-3. S1. Primer Sequences for qRT-PCR analyses. S2. Primer Sequences used for PCR amplification of plasmid construction. S3. Clinicopathologic Characteristics of miR-200c Expression in CRC Patients.

Purpose: To elucidate a novel mechanism of miR-200c in the regulation of stemness, growth, and metastasis in colorectal carcinoma (CRC).Experimental Design: Quantitative reverse transcription PCR was used to quantify miR-200c expression in CRC cell lines and tissues. A luciferase assay was adopted for the target evaluation. The functional effects of miR-200c in CRC cells were assessed by its forced or inhibited expression using lentiviruses.Results:MiR-200c was statistically lower in CRC clinical specimens and highly metastatic CRC cell lines compared with their counterparts. Sox2 was validated as a target for miR-200c. The knockdown of miR-200c significantly enhanced proliferation, migration, and invasion in CRC cell lines, whereas the upregulation of miR-200c exhibited an inverse effect. Moreover, rescue of Sox2 expression could abolish the effect of the upregulation of miR-200c. In addition, the reduction of miR-200c increased the expression of CRC stem cell markers and the sphere-forming capacity of CRC cell lines. Further study has shown that miR-200c and Sox2 reciprocally control their expression through a feedback loop. MiR-200c suppresses the expression of Sox2 to block the activity of the phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)–AKT pathway.Conclusion: Our findings indicate that miR-200c regulates Sox2 expression through a feedback loop and is associated with CRC stemness, growth, and metastasis. Clin Cancer Res; 20(10); 2631–42. ©2014 AACR.

PDF file - 365KB, Showed that the up-regulation of Sox2 promoted cell proliferation, migration and invasion in vitro.

PDF file - 842KB, Showd the sphere-forming capacity of HCT116 and SW480 cells, and the expression of miR-200c and Sox2 in in CRC cells transfected with Sox2 followed by the transfection of miR-200c.

PDF file - 511KB, Showed that cancer stem cell markers and miR-200c was evaluated in tumour xenografts, and the metastatic liver nodules was quantitated.

PDF file - 223KB, Showed that down-regulation of miR-200c promoted tumour growth and metastasis of CRC in vitro.

IntroductionPorcine anti-human lymphocyte immunoglobulin (pALG) has been used in kidney transplantation, but its impacts on the lymphocyte cell pool remain unclear.MethodsWe retrospectively analyzed 12 kidney transplant recipients receiving pALG, and additional recipients receiving rabbit anti-human thymocyte immunoglobulin (rATG), basiliximab, or no induction therapy as a comparison group.ResultspALG showed high binding affinity to peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) after administration, immediately depleting blood lymphocytes; an effect that was weaker than rATG but stronger than basiliximab. Single-cell sequencing analysis showed that pALG mainly influenced T cells and innate immune cells (mononuclear phagocytes and neutrophils). By analyzing immune cell subsets, we found that pALG moderately depleted CD4+T cells, CD8+T cells, regulatory T cells, and NKT cells and mildly inhibited dendritic cells. Serum inflammatory cytokines (IL-2, IL-6) were only moderately increased compared with rATG, which might be beneficial in terms of reducing the risk of untoward immune activation. During 3 months of follow-up, we found that all recipients and transplanted kidneys survived and showed good organ function recovery; there were no cases of rejection and a low rate of complications.DiscussionIn conclusion, pALG acts mainly by moderately depleting T cells and is thus a good candidate for induction therapy for kidney transplant recipients. The immunological features of pALG should be exploited for the development of individually-optimized induction therapies based on the needs of the transplant and the immune status of the patient, which is appropriate for non-high-risk recipients.

Background: Bone development, particularly important during adolescence, can be affected by a variety of factors that can lead to the development of bone diseases such as osteoporosis or fractures. Whether dental caries is related to skeletal status, or whether lack of calcium affects the teeth, is always the question that clinical patients want to have answered. The present study was aimed to compare the bone mineral density and bone metabolism of adolescents with and without dental caries. Methods: Adolescents were enrolled in the dental caries and caries-free groups, respectively. A questionnaire and clinical oral examination in terms of DMFT scores were conducted. Bone mineral density (BMD) was tested and peripheral blood was collected for bone metabolism assessment. Results: 119 and 140 adolescents were included in the dental caries and caries-free groups. The mean BMD and Z-score of the two groups showed no statistically significant difference. Serum concentrations of ALP, bone alkaline phosphatase, N-terminal osteocalcin, peptide of type I procollagen, and β-cross-linked C-telopeptide of type 1 collagen levels in the dental caries group were significantly lower than in the caries-free group (p < 0.05). Serum calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, 25-OH-VitD, and parathyroid hormone were not statistically different between two groups. Multiple factor logistic regression showed that serum calcium concentration in males had an OR of 2.55 for dental caries (p< 0.001). Conclusions: BMD and majority of bone metabolism indexes were not related with dental caries among Chinese adolescents. For male adolescents, serum calcium level was associated with higher risk of dental caries.

EBV is classified as the group I human carcinogen and is associated with multiple cancers, including NPC. The interplays between the microbiota and oncovirus in cancer development remain largely unknown.

Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) is a rare, potentially fatal illness, which can be divided into primary HLH (pHLH) and secondary HLH (sHLH). pHLH can be driven by genetic defections. Moreover, the sHLH is usually be triggered by malignancy or non-malignancy diseases. Sixty-two newly diagnosed sHLH patients with known etiology and those who underwent 18F-FDG PET/CT examination from July 2018 to December 2020 were retrospectively analyzed. They were divided into malignancy-associated HLH (M-HLH, n = 13) and non-malignancy-associated HLH (NM-HLH, n = 49). The metabolic parameters of the liver (Li), spleen (Sp), bone marrow (BM), lymph nodes (LN), and their ratios to the liver background (LiBG) and mediastinum (M) were compared between two groups. These metabolic parameters were evaluated for correlation with laboratory parameters and prognostic parameters. We found that the SUVmax-LN/Sp/Li and SUVmean-Sp in M-HLH were significantly higher than those in NM-HLH ( P = 0.031 , 0.035 , 0.016 , and 0.032 ). The malignant disease should be considered when SUVmax-LN was higher than 4.41 (sensitivity 61.5%, specificity 81.6%). Hypermetabolic lesions in extranodal organs were more likely to occur in M-HLH than in NM-HLH ( P = 0.011 ). IFN- γ was positively correlated with SUVmax-BM/Li/Sp and SUVmean-BM/Li/Sp ( P < 0.05 ). Ferritin, sCD25, IL-6, and IL-10 were positively correlated with SUVmax-Sp and SUVmean-Sp ( P < 0.05 ). In Epstein–Barr virus-associated HLH (EBV-HLH), the SUV parameters of bone marrow were significantly correlated with a poor 2-week treatment response, overall survival, and event-free survival ( P < 0.05 ). We conclude that some 18F-FDG PET/CT metabolic parameters can help identify the etiology of sHLH in children and provide directions for further inspection. The malignant disease should be considered when the SUVmax-LN is higher than 4.41 and hypermetabolic lesions occur in extranodal organs. In EBV-HLH, a higher SUV of bone marrow is associated with a poorer prognosis.

Epstein-Barr virus DNA (EBV DNA) load has been identified as a prognostic factor in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC), whereas the dynamic changes in the long period have not been explored. In this study, we evaluated EBV DNA kinetics and its role in the survival.We conducted a retrospective review of 900 NPC patients. Plasma EBV DNA levels were measured at various time points after treatment. The correlations of EBV kinetics with recurrence and metastasis were analyzed. After stratifying patients according to the EBV results, survival was compared using Kaplan-Meier estimates. Twelve- and 24-month landmark analyses for overall survival (OS) data were performed according to the EBV groups.Patients with post-EBV of less than 2500 copies/mL achieved better survival than did those with higher ones. Furthermore, patients with continuously elevated EBV DNA expressed significantly poorer OS (hazard ratio [HR], 2.542, 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.077-3.111; P0.001), distant metastasis-free survival (HR, 2.970; 95% CI, 2.392-3.687; P0.001), locoregional-free survival (HR, 1.699; 95% CI, 1.072-2.692; P = 0.013), and progression-free survival (HR, 2.535; 95% CI, 1.987-3.233; P0.001) than did patients with continuously normal EBV or those with elevated levels at any time point. The 5-year OS with elevated EBV was lower than that of the remission group by using the 12- and 24-month landmark analysis.Elevated EBV DNA after treatment was a better predictive indicator of survival than the baseline concentrations. Furthermore, continuously elevated EBV DNA after treatment indicated recurrence, metastasis, and unfavorable prognosis for NPC. In addition, there were consistent patterns of EBV DNA kinetics during long-term follow-up, which warrant further study.

A modified separator for improving the electrochemical performance in Li-S batteries is fabricated by functional composites coating, comprised of MnO nanoflakes with rich oxygen vacancies and N doped carbon nanotubes (MnO-OVs/NCNTs). On the one hand, MnO as a polar material can anchor lithium polysulfides (LiPSs) on the interface via chemical bonding. In addition, introducing oxygen vacancies into MnO by heat treatment under a reducing atmosphere can regulate the electronic structure and provide extra active sites for further boosting the chemical adsorption capability of LiPSs, facilitating the redox reaction of LiPSs, as well as enhancing the electron transfer efficiency. On the other hand, the MnO-OVs/NCNTs layer is a barrier to block the LiPSs directly diffusing through the separator and acts as an upper collector to reduce the interface resistance reactivate the trapped sulfur species, thereby enhancing the sulfur utilization. Given these advantages, the MnO-OVs/NCNTs modified separator employed in Li-S batteries exhibit considerable capacity (1516 mAh g

Objective We aimed to analyze the angioarchitecture characters and changes after combined bypass surgery (CBS) in pediatric moyamoya disease (MMD). Methods We retrospectively analyzed our database of consecutive patients with moyamoya angiopathy who received treatment. Only pediatric MMD cases aged between 3 and 19 years with pre- and post-operative imaging examinations including digital subtraction angiography and magnetic resonance imaging were enrolled in this study. The main trunk vessels' stenosis and the collaterals from the superficial-meningeal system and deep parenchymal system were evaluated before and after CBS. Results During short-term follow-up period after the unilateral CBS, the stenosis of main trunk vessels both in operative (5.7 ± 2.1 vs. 6.8 ± 1.8; p Conclusions The successful CBS could decrease the collaterals from the PCA-MCA leptomeningeal system and the subependymal compensations in deep parenchyma significantly, while the main trunk stenosis would aggravate rapidly both in operative and non-operative hemisphere in short-term follow-up after unilateral CBS. Therefore, strict and regular follow-ups for the changes of vascular architecture and prompt surgical intervention for the contralateral side might be of benefit to pediatric MMD.

We rationally designed and fabricated F-doped NTO with the morphology of hollow spheres (F-NTO HSs) compacted by interwoven nanoflakes.

Exploring cost-efficient electrocatalysts for oxygen evolution reaction (OER) is still a huge challenge in the electrochemical energy conversion technology. In this work, Gallium (Ga)-doped Ni3S2 nanosheet arrays grown on Ti3C2-MXene/nickel foam (Ga–Ni3S2/Ti3C2/NF) have been synthesized by a successive hydrothermal and sulfidization process. The Ga doping modulates the electronic structure of Ni3S2, so tuning the adsorption energies of oxygen intermediate (∗OOH). The Ga–Ni3S2/Ti3C2/NF delivers outstanding catalytic activities toward OER with an overpotential of 340 mV at 100 mA cm−2, and exhibits superior electrochemical durability. The excellent OER performance of Ga–Ni3S2/Ti3C2/NF can be ascribed to the 3D sheet arrays morphology and optimized electronic structure. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations also demonstrate that electronic disturbance attributed to Ga doping effectively improves the activity of Ni sites, leading to stronger binding strength of ∗OOH intermediate at Ni sites nearby Ga. This study provides insights into the fabrication of advanced electrocatalysts for application.

The proton conductivity of a single crystal of Co–Co phosphonate along the c axis is 1.5 times higher than that of isostructural Ni–Co phosphonate, originating from the slight pKa difference of water molecules coordinated to Co2+ or Ni2+ centers.