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Water Cherenkov detector array (WCDA) is one of the key parts of the Large High Altitude Air Shower Observatory (LHAASO), the construction of which was completed by the end of 2020. The WCDA covers a 78 000-m2 area and there exist 3120 large size photomultiplier tubes (PMTs) in three ponds: 8-in PMTs are used in WCDA pond No. 1 and 20-in PMTs are used in ponds No. 2 and No. 3. The front-end electronics (FEE) system based on multigain measurement technique is designed to achieve both high-precision time and charge measurements over a large dynamic range from single photon electron (S.P.E.) to 4000 P.E. (for water pond No. 1)/1800 P.E. (for water ponds No. 2 and No. 3). To achieve a high-quality clock distribution and phase alignment as well as mixed transmission of data, clock, and commands in one fiber over a long distance, an enhanced white rabbit (WR) technique is used. Testing of all the 350 FEE modules for the WCDA is presented in this article. Test results indicate that the charge resolution is better than 20% at S.P.E. and 1% at 1800/4000 P.E. and the time resolution is better than 300 ps root mean square (rms), which successfully meets the application requirement. All the FEE modules have been fabricated and installed for the LHAASO WCDA from 2018 to 2020, and the initial commissioning operation indicates that the FEEs function well.

Understanding the relationships among multiple ecosystem services could improve the landscape capacity to provide benefits to human society. However, the underlying mechanisms shaping ecosystem services relationships are still unclear although some studies have been conducted to explore how natural and socioeconomic factors influence the relationships among ecosystem services. In this study, the karst landscape in southwestern China, a vulnerable system with intensive human activities, was focused on, aiming to explore relationships between ecosystem services and associated social and ecological factors. The results showed that the distribution of eight individual ecosystem services were spatially heterogeneous and clustered based on the characteristics of the karst landscape. The relationships between provisioning services and regulating services, such as grain production and net primary productivity, as well as water yield and soil retention, were quite different between high karst coverage regions and low karst coverage regions. Among five ecosystem service bundles identified, ecosystem services in the urban development bundle were mainly determined by socioeconomic factors, while in the other four bundles of multifunction, grain production, habitat conservation, and carbon sequestration, ecosystem services were dominated by ecological factors. However, socioeconomic factors (i.e. population density and night-time light intensity) appeared to explain the overall ecosystem service delivery more than karst terrain. This study provided insights for sustainable ecosystem management in a vulnerable karst region through exploring social-ecological factors of the relationships among ecosystem services.

This paper presents the progress in the long—pulse operation of the electron cyclotron (EC) system and the achievements in high—electron temperature plasmas by the combined EC and lower hybrid (LH) waves heating since the EC system was built in 2015. An electron temperature of up to 12 keV with a duration over 100 s was realized by the simultaneous heating of EC and LH waves at the line-averaged density n ˉ e ∼ 1.8 × 1019 m−3. The plasma heating effect strongly depends on the location of EC power deposition. H-mode plasmas with solely EC wave auxiliary heating have been obtained on EAST for the first time. These H-mode discharges show an enhanced confinement factor H 98(y,2) around 1.0, which is higher than the previous H-mode using LH power alone (Xu et al 2011 Nucl. Fusion 51 072001). The total heating power is very close to the threshold value for L–H transition according to the international tokamak scaling. In addition to the temperature effects inside the separatrix, higher electron temperature produced by EC wave is found to reduce the LH power loss in the scrape-off layer due to collisional absorption, which is beneficial to further increase the LH current drive efficiency. Ray-tracing/Fokker–Planck modeling results indicate that higher electron temperature can shorten the LH wave propagation on EAST in a multiple-pass regime, thus decreasing the collisional dissipation.

Lipids are vital cellular constituents in plant, and lipid peroxidation metabolites are critical defence substances in plants. In this study, mass spectrometry along with projections to latent structures discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) was used to detect lipid metabolism changes in Arabidopsis thaliana in response to oligochitosan (an effective resistance elicitor for the control of plant diseases). The PLS-DA showed that lipid metabolites of Arabidopsis thaliana were influenced by oligochitosan treatment. The total content of oxylipin containing monogalactosyldiacylglycerols, oxylipin-containing digalactosyldiacylglycerols, and oxylipin-containing phosphatidylglycerols increased firstly (after 1 h), and then decreased with the increase of oligochitosan treatment duration. In contrast, the total content of monogalactosyldiacylglycerols, phosphatidylcholines, phosphatidyl-ethanolamine, and phosphatidylglycerols decreased firstly, and then increased with the increase of oligochitosan treatment duration. The amounts of free fatty acids (C16:2, C16:3, C18:2, and C18:3) were lower after treatment with oligochitosan for 1, 3, and 6 h than in the control, while the production of volatile organic compounds such as 2-hexenal (except for 3 h) and nonanal was higher than in the control. In conclusion, lipid metabolites of Arabidopsis thaliana were influenced by oligochitosan treatment, and the synthesized lipids and oxylipin-containing lipids were remodelled and free fatty acids was metabolized to volatile organic compounds.

Carbon management of production planning involves multiple supply chain parties in different processes. This paper studies synergistic cooperation among supply chain parties for more effective emission reduction. Since a supply chain generally includes multiple parties, this paper focuses for simplicity on supplier, manufacturer and retailing. It studies a centralised make-to-order (MTO) production system involving a manufacturer and an internal supplier, with an objective to maximise the total profit by optimising the production lot sizes for the supplier and the manufacturer, who each operates a production line under MTO mode. The proposed model considers two carbon management scenarios of carbon cap and product sustainability under consumer green awareness, of which the impacts are deliberated with analytical solutions and numerical experiments. The result shows that the maximal profit can be achieved under carbon management constraints by adjusting the production lot size in both scenarios. Through sensitivity analysis, it is found that the carbon cap policy restricts the company profitability and that a high consumer green sensitivity can improve the profitability of green products. Therefore, the government and companies should cooperate to improve product sustainability and create greener markets. This paper contributes to the burgeoning field of carbon management in supply chain and provides theoretical guidance for adjusting production plans.

It has been found that aquifers containing clay particles possess a natural capacity of pollution attenuation and thereby are able to mitigate the effects of contamination. The main objective of this study was to simulate nitrate (NO3) movement and fate in porous media in presence of clay kaolin using a numerical and physical model in order to estimate the pollution attenuation capacity of kaolin. A noncommercial solute transport model known as Ground Water Key (GWK) was used to simulate NO3 concentration in an idealized physical model for this purpose. Nitrate polluted water at level 112.5 mg NO3 L−1 was introduced to the porous media of the physical model for experimental data collection and validation of numerical simulation by GWK. The results revealed that the GWK model can estimate NO3 concentration with a high level of accuracy in porous media in presence of kaolin. Nitrate concentrations in porous media and the dispersion coefficient were found to be sensitive to initial NO3 concentration. The results also revealed that kaolin can retain NO3 and thus is able to reduce NO3 pollution by approximately one-third. It is expected that the study results can be helpful in groundwater monitoring and protection.

The first Water Cherenkov detector of the LHAASO experiment (WCDA-1) has been operating since April 2019. The data for the first year have been analyzed to test its performance by observing the Crab Nebula as a standard candle. The WCDA-1 achieves a sensitivity of 65 mCU per year, with a statistical threshold of 5 . To accomplish this, a 97.7% cosmic-ray background rejection rate around 1 TeV and 99.8% around 6 TeV with an approximate photon acceptance of 50% is achieved after applying an algorithm to separate gamma-induced showers. The angular resolution is measured using the Crab Nebula as a point source to be approximately 0.45° at 1 TeV and better than 0.2° above 6 TeV, with a pointing accuracy better than 0.05°. These values all match the design specifications. The energy resolution is found to be 33% for gamma rays around 6 TeV. The spectral energy distribution of the Crab Nebula in the range from 500 GeV to 15.8 TeV is measured and found to be in agreement with the results from other TeV gamma ray observatories.

The process of rapid urbanization makes our planet’s natural ecosystems subject to strong interferences of different kinds of human activities, which affect the relationship between ecosystem services (ESs) supply and demand. Hence, unraveling the impact of urbanization on ESs supply and demand is urgently needed, especially in urban agglomerations. Previous case studies focused on the impact of land use change on ESs supply, and the relationship between urbanization and ESs supply and demand is still unclear. More precisely, the differences in the impact of population growth, economic development, and land use change on ES supply and demand remains unstudied. Taking the rapidly urbanized Pearl River Delta (PRD) urban agglomeration of China as an example, this study focused on four typical ESs, i.e. water yield, grain production, carbon sequestration and local recreation. The impact of urbanization on ESs supply and demand have been explored using regression analysis across regions characterized by different levels of urbanization. Furthermore, Random Forest, an algorithm based on decision tree, has been applied in order to assess the sensitivity of ESs supply and demand to urbanization. The results showed that, the total supply of various ESs decreased, while the total demand of the ESs increased, which resulted in an intensified spatial imbalance between ESs supply and demand from 2000 to 2015. In developed and developing urban areas, urbanization had no significant impact on ESs supply and demand, but urbanization had a significantly negative impact in rural areas. ESs supply and demand were most sensitive to (i) population density in developed urban areas, (ii) to population density, GDP density, and artificial land proportion in developing urban areas, and (iii) to artificial land proportion in rural areas. This study provides a basis for decision-making in the context of coordinated development of human and nature in rapidly urbanized areas.

In the context of landscape fragmentation, a variety of ecological conservation theories have been proposed to maintain habitat connectivity. These theories focus on the connectivity of the ecological corridors in ecological space but ignore the community structure of ecological space. However, community structure is ubiquitous in ecological space. Our study predicted habitat quality of ecological patches by using an artificial neural network and species occurrence points. Then, the ecological space network (ESN) was proposed and constructed by taking large ecological patches and fragmented patches as habitat nodes. Based on island biogeography theory (TTIB) and network community detection, the ecological groups in the ESN were proposed and identified. They are considered to be collections of ecological land with close species connections. After that, the hierarchy of the ecological group was analyzed, and the existing policy was evaluated. The results show that there were 39 ecological groups in the ESN. The dendrogram of the hierarchy shows that all ecological groups can form five bigger ecological groups. The extent of the bigger groups proves that the ecological groups in the eastern part are closely connected. By analyzing the protection of ecological control lines on the linkages among ecological groups, we found that the existing policy could protect most of the ecological groups separately, but could not maintain connectivity among ecological groups, leading to habitat isolation. We believe that the concept of “ecological group” makes up for the lack of “habitat isolation” in the existing theory. The idea can understand the hierarchical structure of ecological space, which is conducive to the maintenance of ecological integrity.

Assessing heatwave-induced human health risk is of critical importance in order to mitigate hazards caused by extreme environmental events. Air temperature or land surface temperature in previous studies was often used to characterize the severity of heatwaves, and human perception of the thermal environment was neglected as a key component in the heatwave-induced risk assessment. In order to redress this issue, in this study we applied the Universal Thermal Climate Index (UTCI) to represent human thermal comfort perception and embedded the measure within an assessment framework of heat stress-social vulnerability-human exposure. The heatwave-induced human health risk was then evaluated in Wuhan City, China across 177 blocks covering the entire city area and local risk governance measures were also explored based on risk zoning. The results showed that spatial patterns of heatwave-induced human health risk followed a decreasing trend from the city center towards the surrounding areas, with the average risk of the main urban area being 1.6 times that beyond the metropolitan development area. Through the heatwave-induced human health risk zoning, about 73.45% of the 177 blocks in Wuhan City demonstrated a positive relationship between heat stress and human exposure, and both were opposite with social vulnerability. Multiple linear regression between UTCI and the proportion of greenspace, water body and construction land indicated that, more blue or green infrastructure should be integrated within the urban fabric to help mitigate heat stress particularly in the main urban area, while in the metropolitan development area construction land dominating heat stress should be strictly regulated. Furthermore, protecting vulnerable groups such as left-behind children and elderly people should be a priority in rural areas that were generally associated with higher levels of social vulnerability. This study proposed a new heatwave-induced human health risk framework with a local evidence in Wuhan City, and further emphasized that risk zoning could be used as a basic yet important approach to facilitating more effective urban planning guidelines for risk governance.

High-entropy alloys (HEAs) with a single-phase face-centered cubic (FCC) structure generally have excellent plasticity. However, its limited room temperature strength and hardness result in lower wear resistance, which hinders tribological and engineering applications. In this paper, the pack-boronizing method was used to improve the tribological properties of Al0·1CoCrFeNi HEAs with a single-phase FCC structure. The boronizing treatment was carried out at 900 °C for 2, 4, 6, and 8 h, respectively. The structure and phase formation of boronized alloys were studied. Moreover, the reciprocating sliding wear behavior of boronized alloys against Si3N4 balls in dry and deionized water was investigated. A boronized layer with a double-layer structure was formed on the HEA surface, with a total thickness of about 17.3–58.5 μm. The wear mechanism of boronized alloy was transformed from the abrasive and delamination wear to the polishing effect with increasing the boronizing time in air. In contrast, the wear mechanism of boronized alloys in the deionized water gradually changed from the two-body to three-body wear with increasing the boronizing time. Meanwhile, the wear mechanism of the Si3N4 counterface was also transformed to three-body wear gradually.

Correlation of ecosystem services (ES) considering both the supply and demand sides remains unclear, and research on urbanization impact on the ES supply-demand budget is lacking. Taking the rapidly urbanizing Pearl River Delta (PRD) urban agglomeration of China as an example, eight ES supply, demand and the supply-demand budget of 374 watersheds were quantified using an expert-based matrix. The trade-offs and synergies of ES were then explored from both the supply and demand sides, with identifying the ecosystem service bundles (ESBs) of supply, demand, and the supply-demand budget separately. Through decoupling analysis, the urbanization impact on the ES supply-demand budget was explored. The results showed that ESs were well supplied in high-altitude areas in the PRD urban agglomeration, and that watersheds with insufficient ES supply were concentrated along the Pearl River where population density was high. It was also observed that there were significant synergistic relationships in the ES supply-demand budget. And the average decoupling index of the supply-demand budget for total ES and the three urbanization indicators increased from GDP to DN of nighttime light, and to Population density. It is an important way to identify the trade-offs and synergies between ES supply-demand budgets, and to explore the decoupling between the ES supply-demand budget and urbanization, in order to provide comprehensive decision-making support for ES management in rapidly urbanized areas.

The acceleration of urbanization has aggravated the fragmentation of ecological patches and increased the uncertainty risk of habitat connectivity. In the context of landscape fragmentation, government need to establish sound policies that effectively protect the stepping-stones of habitat connection and realize urban ecological integration. In this study, a circuit theory model was used to identify the potential ecological corridors in the city and corresponding stepping-stone groups, with two important stepping-stone groups selected as our areas of focus. By establishing the potential linkages between stepping-stone nodes, we constructed stepping-stone networks within the potential ecological corridors and formulated four scenarios to analyze the robustness of the stepping-stone networks under different policies. The results show that there are 46 important habitats and 22 potential ecological corridors in Shenzhen, including 22 stepping-stone networks. The most important stepping-stone network in the central Shenzhen area connects 7 important habitats and contains 110 stepping-stone nodes. The most important stepping-stone network in the northeast area of Shenzhen connects 5 important habitats and contains 130 stepping-stone nodes. Comparing the robustness and form of the stepping-stone networks under the four policy scenarios, we found that the centrality of stepping-stones is of great significance for maintaining the connectivity of important habitats. For instance, there are five stepping-stone networks in Shenzhen that have not been successfully protected by existing ecological protection policies because their highly central nodes are vulnerable to threats. This study analyzed the maintenance of habitat connectivity under different ecological protection policies in the process of urbanization and discussed the significance of highly central stepping-stone nodes in maintaining habitat connectivity. With this effort, a new perspective on habitat connectivity protection under landscape fragmentation is provided, producing a reference for the formulation of urban ecological protection policy.

Supplemental material, DS_10.1177_0022034519854734 for Macrophages Promote Growth of Squamous Cancer Independent of T cells by F.L. Wu, K. Nolan, A.A. Strait, L. Bian, K.A. Nguyen, J.H. Wang, A. Jimeno, H.M. Zhou, C.D. Young and X.J. Wang in Journal of Dental Research

This paper offers a damage identification and structural effect evaluation thought based on health monitoring system for large-scale bridge structures. By analyzing the sensitivity of response to traffic load, the concept and building method of categorized traffic are introduced, which categorizes the traffic into light class and heavy class on statistical periods, and the loading response of heavy class in the evaluation of structural response is prioritized. Th is concept of categorized traffic can be seen as a new understanding method for traffic flow loading and tr affic characteristics. And it provides a new perspective to m easure the traffic with different dim ensions, which can bring convenience to br idge structure assessm ent. Then parameter characteristics and relativity of categorized traffic are counted to set the parameters and building forms of response evaluation model of categorized traffic. This paper endeavors to tr ansfer the target of the system evaluation from safety to perform ance based on the practical application of the system and aim s to improve the monitoring sensibility and propose new insi ght for its development via real-time corresponding between response data and load data over a synchronized period.

The glutenite reservoir is widely distributed in China and has huge potential for hydrocarbon resources exploration. However, due to the near-source sedimentation and rapid facies transition mechanism, the glutenite reservoirs have strong heterogeneity with low porosity and complex pore structures, which makes it difficult to be predicted from seismic data. In this paper, we combine the Zoeppritz-based prestack seismic inversion method with rock physics analysis of glutenite reservoirs to characterize the oil distribution. Sensitivity analysis of different fluid indicators demonstrates that Poisson's ratio is effective to distinguish oil glutenite reservoirs from dry glutenite and shale formations. Application in Mahu slope area of Junggar basin shows that the oil glutenite reservoir prediction results are consistent with well log interpretation and production data, which verifies the effectiveness and accuracy of this method and can provide a significant guidance for the further exploration of glutenite hydrocarbon reservoirs.

In this paper, we propose a multiple-ellipse fitting method to accurately determine the atomic column positions in transmission electron microscopy (TEM) images. The column is enclosed by a series of ellipses fitted from contour lines at equidistant intensity levels, and each atomic column is shaped by an averaged elliptical shape to obtain its positions. In particular, the intensity profile of the atomic column can be obtained by an elliptically rotational average based on its shape; therefore, the intensities of the neighbouring atomic column can be subtracted for each atomic column during subsequent position refinement. This method can achieve precision in the picometre range, and we quantitatively measure this precision by analysing an image containing two Gaussian-shaped atoms and some simulated high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) images of SrTiO3.

Hydrogen plays a vital role in the future energy system, especially for spacecraft and fuel cell vehicle. In order to avoid the venting during the liquid hydrogen storage and decrease energy loss in space application, this paper presents a numerical study of the thermal performance of a hydrogen storage tank with nozzle injection and its improvement – a guide tube. Compared with the previous storage tank without guide tube, the chilling performance of the new storage system is enhanced since the guide tube improves the heat transfer and reduces the stagnant region to meliorate the flow circulation. Distribution profiles of temperature and velocity in the storage tank have been attained to evaluate the chilling performance. The key geometric parameters are further optimized by analyzing a series of cases under different geometry settings, from which the optimized ranges of dimensionless parameters have been obtained and studied respectively. This research provides guidelines for geometrical optimization of the liquid hydrogen cryogenic storage tank, and it helps to improve the chilling performance of the storage tank and promote the utilization of hydrogen energy.

Lot sizing in queuing networks is pivotal to batch manufacturing, especially in stochastic environments. Despite development in lot sizing optimisation, the results are often rendered unrealistic because few studies have considered the impacts of relevant environmental regulation policies on production planning. This paper incorporates stochastic lot sizing optimisation with two dominant carbon emission reduction mechanisms – the carbon emission constraint and the cap-and-trade system – to examine their operational and environmental impacts on make-to-order manufacturing. It also compares these two mechanisms in environmental conservation. Numerical experiments validate the importance of considering the carbon emission regulations to traditional production planning problems. The results highlight that the market-based characteristics of the cap-and-trade mechanism motivate firms with economic benefits to adopt low-carbon technologies and environmental-friendly facilities to curb greenhouse gases emission....

Solar thermal absorption coatings attract great attention in both research society and industry due to its critical function in solar thermal system. In the past several years our research group had developed multi-layer structured selective absorption thin film, which is considered as the example applied to destruction-interference absorption principle. Besides the performance of the coatings employed in the heat receivers, the service lifetime and the reliability of the coatings is of much concern as well. In this paper we present the recent analytical experimental results in characterizing the coatings before and after long term annealing. The experimental techniques mainly include TEM investigation, XPS depth profile method in this paper's research work. The experiments indicate that there are chemical shifts along the normal direction of the coatings, which imply that phase evolution emerges in the specimens after undergoing different annealing process. We also observed a meal diffusion and an oxidation by the residual oxygen, the oxidation is considered as the driving force of the phase evolution consequently. These phenomena are very different from the degradation of the coatings annealed in air environment.

Pre-plated leadframe (PPF) is an evolved technology to plate Nickel (Ni) — Palladium (Pd)-Gold (Au) or Gold Alloy on copper, with a typical plating thickness

Current research in production planning focuses mainly on optimising operational objectives, taking little consideration of the primary principle of corporate governance and investor interests. Such approaches often overlook the critical roles of the cost structure and financial position of a firm, rendering the optimisation results unreliable. This paper studies stochastic lot sizing optimisation in make-to-order manufacturing, with an aim to maximise the full investor interests, well known as shareholder wealth. It presents a relatively simple yet reliable lead time model based on probability theory and stochastic processes. Moreover, the impacts of macroeconomic factors are examined to seek potential drivers for shareholder wealth. Theoretical optimality properties are proved to validate the effectiveness of the proposed model in dealing with batch production planning. Numerical examples and analytical results are presented to illustrate the significance of considering such economic and financial const...

In the present study, AZ91 magnesium matrix composites reinforced with six volume fractions (0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, 3 and 5 vol.%) of submicron-SiC particulates (0.2 μm) were fabricated by stir casting. The as-cast ingots were forged at 420 °C with 50% reduction, and then extruded at 370 °C with the ratio of 16 at a constant ram speed of 15 mm/s. The microstructure of the composites was investigated by optical microscopy, scanning electron microscope and X-ray diffractometer. Microstructure characterization of the composites showed relative uniform reinforcement distribution, significant grain refinement and presence of minimal porosity. The X-ray diffractometer analysis showed that a strong basal plane texture was formed in both AZ91 alloy and SiCp/AZ91 composites during extrusion and the addition of submicron-SiC particulates could weaken the basal plane texture. The presence of submicron-SiC particulates assisted in improving the thermal stability, micro-hardness, elastic modulus and 0.2% yield strength. Both of the 0.2% yield strength and ultimate tensile strength increased with the increasing of submicron-SiC particulate content, however, decreased as the SiC particulate content overrun 2 vol.%.

The Ni–Mo–P amorphous films were successfully deposited on the CoCrFeNi high-entropy alloys by electroless plating. This work will focus on reviewing and discussing the ambient-temperature mechanical properties, plastic deformation, and cracking mode of the coating-substrate system. The yielding strength (σy) and ultimate tensile strength (UTS) of the specimen plating for 1 h were 260 and 760 MPa, respectively, with 44.4% (σy) and 14.2% (UTS) improvement contrast to the uncoated HEAs (σy and UTS are 180 MPa and 560 MPa, respectively). It is attributed to the back stress and repulsive image stress to suppress the nucleation and mobility of dislocations. Due to the substrate confinement, the deformation model was gradually changed from cracking (with homogeneous flow) to shear banding (with homogeneous flow). Eventually, fully-homogeneous flows occur with reducing the film thickness, and the deformation mechanism map is developed to expound the transition of the deformation mode. The brittle fracture with a high velocity originating from amorphous films leads to cleavage cracking on the surface of the HEA substrate. The thicker film has higher crack velocity and causes deeper cracks penetration into the substrate, reducing the substrate ductility.

One of the main manifestations of the Grain-for-Green Programme (GFGP) is land use change, which will affect the trade-off of ecosystem services. Since the implementation of the GFGP in Dali Autonomous Prefecture in 2000, land use/cover has undergone dramatic changes. This study used the CLUE-S model to simulate land use change in 2030, and explored the spatial pattern and relationship of different ecosystem services under the four scenarios of GFGP. The results show that, GFGP can help to improve indirect services of ecosystems, such as carbon storage and soil conservation. However, direct services of the ecosystem will decline, such as food production and water yield. Compared with 2010, the overall supply level of the four ecosystem services is the most balanced in the moderate GFGP scenario. In this scenario, total food production decreased by 179,000 tons and water yield decreased by 57 million cubic meters. Carbon storage and soil conservation continued to grow, increasing by 21.86 million tons and 17.87 million tons, respectively. The changes of ecosystem services in the strong GFGP scenario are extreme. The increases in carbon storage and soil conservation are at the expense of a significant reduction in food production and water yield. It can be concluded that GFGP may lead to intensifying ecosystem services trade-offs. Through comparing the changes of ecosystem services under different GFGP scenarios, it is found that the implementation intensity of GFGP should be deeply concerned in policy making.

Insulin promotes neuronal survival by activating a phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI 3-kinase)/AKT-dependent signaling pathway and reducing caspase activation. We investigated a role for integrin-linked kinase (ILK) in insulin-mediated cell survival in cultured neurons and differentiated R28 cells. We used a serum and depolarization withdrawal model to induce apoptosis in cerebellar granule neurons and a serum withdrawal model to induce apoptosis in differentiated R28 cells. ILK knock-out decreased insulin-mediated protection as did the addition of pharmacological inhibitors of ILK, KP-392 or QLT-0267. Prosurvival effects of insulin were rescued by Boc-Asp (O-methyl)-CH2F (BAF), a pancaspase inhibitor, in the presence of KP-392. Insulin and IGF-1 decreased caspase-3 activation, an effect that was inhibited by KP-392 and QLT-0267. Western blot analysis indicates that insulin-induced stimulation of AKT Ser-473 phosphorylation was decreased after the ILK gene was conditionally knocked-out, following overexpression of AKT-DN or in the presence of QLT-0267. Insulin and IGF-1 stimulated ILK kinase activity in primary neurons and this was inhibited following ILK-DN overexpression. Western blot analysis indicates that insulin exposure upregulated the expression of the cellular inhibitor of apoptosis protein c-IAP2 in an extracellular matrix-dependent manner, an effect blocked by KP-392. These results indicate that ILK is an important effector in insulin-mediated neuroprotection.

Ca3(VO4)2:Eu3+,Bi3+ nanophosphate was prepared in the presence of stearic acid. The samples obtained were intensively characterized using XRD, SEM, photoluminescence (PL) spectra and FTIR. The results show that the red emission located at about 614 nm was ascribed to 5D0–7F2 transition of Eu3+, and the excitation and emission spectra indicate that this nanophosphor can be effectively excited by ultraviolet (UV) (395 nm), and exhibits a satisfactory red performance (614 nm), nicely fitting in with the widely applied UV LED chips.

By the design of the visualization system of the LPG shuttle kiln, the friendly man-machine interface is achieved, which is helpful for the change, expansion and upgrade of the system. It is studied that the general schemes of the visualization automatic control system of the LPG shuttle kiln in this article. The choice of the hardware devices, especially the system nucleus units including temperature transducer, A/D or D/A intelligent module, RS232/485 converter, relay, actuator, etc, and the connection and control strategy of the hardware of the control system, is analyzed emphatically. A/D or D/A intelligence module, RS232/485 converter, relay, actuator, the joint and control strategy of the hardware of the control system, etc. With the widely application of the intelligence control system, the foreground of the visualization system of the shuttle kiln will be better and better.

A novel material synthesis technique, microwave process was investigated for the production of phosphor powders. In this study, we have developed a new method to product phosphor powders, and applied this process into one materials fabrication. EuDL3 where L is cinnamic acid (C6H5CH = CHCOOH, HL), D = 2, 2' – Bipyridine (bipy) phosphor powders were successfully synthesized by microwave process. The process takes only 24 min to obtain phosphor powders. The resultant phosphor powders were investigated by TG – DTA, IR, luminescence spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscope (SEM).

GBT Series Small flow Pump body long position complex shape, size, high precision manufacturing process complexity, the process is prone to waste, the use of computer-aided process control, by means of the signal characteristics of the collection, analysis and processing of information, the timely issue of warning signal or direct feedback to the error correction processing equipment to ensure product quality and processing operation of the system reliability.

MK1432/H CNC precision cylindrical grinding machine is suitable for precision grinding IT6 to IT5 cylindrical or conical revolving workpiece, the table of the rail bed for the paste with plastic rail, the first holder of the rotating dial tone from the motor frequency speed, with Germany's Siemens 810D CNC two-axis system, built-in PLC, liquid crystal display. Servo motor is 1FK6 series; configure automatic measuring instrument line detection, automatic grinding work to achieve closed-loop cycle, ensuring high machining dimensional accuracy. Machine bed using a large round hole, fin-shaped reinforcement plates, Bench points up and down the table, you can grinding conical, bed and table in the guide rail for the laminating, the friction coefficient is small, table driven by a servo motor directly to the Deputy move the ball bar, smooth and reliable movement. Mainly used in automobile, motorcycle parts factory and other machinery manufacturing industry, for the grinding disc type, short axis, and taper shank type etc. parts.

Antibacterial polyethersulfone/silver nanoparticle ultrafiltration membrane was prepared. The result revealed that the membrane exhibited the excellent property by showing bovine serum albumin (BSA) rejection of 73.6 % with no significant change in water flux when the n-Ag content was 0.5 wt% and the blending temperature was 80℃. The membranes surface contact angle was also reported to increase significantly.