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Additional file 1: Table S1. Sequences of primers for RT-qPCR. Table S2. Methionine requirements of Pekin ducks from 15 to 42 days of age based on linear broken-line models.

Additional file 3: Fig. S1. Effects of dietary methionine deficiency on hepatic lipid deposition in Pekin ducks at 42 days of age. Fig. S2. Effects of dietary methionine deficiency on PPAR genes expression in liver and abdominal fat of Pekin ducks at 42 days of age.

Additional file 1. List of differentially expressed proteins in duodenum mucosa caused by pantothenic acid deficiency.

Additional file 2 Fig. S1. Complete images of Western blots shown in Fig. 3. Western blot analysis of medium-chain-specific acyl-CoA dehydrogenase (ACADM) and glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) protein abundance of mucosal tissue of ducks in the pantothenic acid deficient (PAD) and Control (CON) groups. Histone H3 served as a loading control.

The experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of five rubber seed oil (RSO) levels (0, 1%, 2%, 4%, and 6%) on hens laying performance, egg quality, and yolks fatty acid composition and cholesterol contents. Three hundred and sixty 30-week-old Lohmann Brown laying hens were allotted to 5 groups. The results showed that the egg production was increased in 4% RSO group (P 0.05), but egg quality parameters and the contents of dry matter, lipid, and protein in yolks were not influenced among treatments (P 0.05). Yolk cholesterol contents were reduced in RSO supplemental groups (P 0.05). The concentration of total n-3 PUFA in yolks increased gradually while the ratio of n-6/n-3 decreased gradually with increasing dietary RSO levels (P 0.001). In conclusion, dietary RSO supplementation increased yolk n-3 PUFA levels, improved yolk color, and reduced yolk cholesterol contents without negative influence on laying performance parameters.