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IntroductionSoil extracellular enzymes are central in terrestrial ecosystem responses to climate change, and their research can be crucial for assessing microbial nutrient demand. However, the effects of climate-induced precipitation patterns on soil microbial nutrient demand in different soil profiles of agroecosystems are rarely studied.MethodsHere, we present how the precipitation gradient affects soil enzymes related to carbon (C), nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) cycling and identified microbial nutrient limitation determinants at five depth intervals (0–10, 10–20, 20–30, 30–40, and 40–50 cm) in seven agroecosystems.Results and DiscussionWe found that N- and P-acquiring enzymes have a tendency to decrease or increase, respectively, but C-acquiring enzymes did not change along the precipitation gradient throughout soil profiles. Soil pH and moisture were the most important factors affecting the enzyme activity in 0–50 cm. Our results also revealed a crucial soil boundary (at 20 cm) that differentiated responses of microbial nutrient limitation to precipitation changes. In the topsoil (0–20 cm), the stoichiometry of soil nutrients did not vary with precipitation. Microbial P limitation was exacerbated with increased precipitation, which was controlled by soil pH and moisture in the topsoil. In contrast, in the subsoil (20–50 cm), soil nutrient stoichiometry decreased with increasing precipitation, and microbial C and P limitation displayed a positive correlation with precipitation. Furthermore, microbial P limitation tended to be stronger in the subsoil than in the topsoil along the precipitation gradient. Microbial C and P limitation was regulated by the soil nutrients and their stoichiometry in the subsoil. Our study is an essential step in soil enzyme activity and stoichiometry response to precipitation in agroecosystems and provides novel insights into understanding microbial nutrient limitation mechanisms in soil profiles along the precipitation gradient.

RWG based method of moment (MOM) is invalid in calculating the radar cross section (RCS) of large-scale chaff cloud. It causes unimaginable computational burden. This paper studies in detail the principle and solution process of the method of moments using pulse basis function and obtains the RCS of chaff cloud in a relatively short time. Compared with the MoM with RWG basis function, the proposed method greatly reduces the number of unknowns and thus improves the computational efficiency.

In this paper, a switchable miniaturized absorber/reflector based on 2.5-D knitted structure is proposed. The designed structure is comprised of a switchable layer, an air layer and a metal ground. The switchable layer is a cross loop embedded with four lumped resistors and four PIN diodes, which is a knitted structure based on through-silicon via to realize miniaturization. Through full wave simulation, by controlling PIN diodes, the working sate of structure can be switched between absorber and reflector from 1.8 GHz to 4.0 GHz. Moreover, the size of unit cell can be miniaturized to 0.13 λ L , where λ L is the free-space wave-length at the lowest frequency of -10 dB reflection, and performance of the absorber/reflector remains stable when incident angle increases to 40°.

Leeonychiurus zijinensis sp. nov. Figs 1���9 Type material. Holotype, male; paratypes, 4 females and 1 males on slides, and about 20 individuals in alcohol, China: Jiangsu prov.: Nanjing: Zijinshan: Xiamafang Park, 04 July 2015, litter, Berlese extraction, Daoyuan Yu leg. (201507ZJSXMF). Diagnosis. Pso formula as 32/133/33343 dorsally and 11/000/01110 ventrally; parapseudocelli only visible on base of ventral tube; subcoxa 1 of legs I���III with 1 pso each; PAO with 18���20 compound vesicles; Th. I tergum with 7���8+7���8 chaetae; Abd. IV tergum with unpaired axial chaetae m0 and p0; Th. I���III sterna with 0+0, 1+1, 1+1(2) chaetae between legs; upper valve with chaetae a0, 2a1, b0, 2b1, 2b2, c0, 2c1 and 2c2; anal spines as long as inner edge of hind unguis. Description. Body length: females 1.40���1.50 mm, males 1.10���1.24 mm; holotype 1.24 mm. Shape of body cylindrical with anal spines, Abd. III���IV more or less broadened (Fig. 1). Color in alcohol white. Pso formulae: 32/133/33343 dorsally and 11/000/01110 ventrally (Figs 1 & 6). Subcoxae 1 of legs I���III with 1 pso each. Parapseudocelli only visible on base of ventral tube. Pseudopore formulae as 0/011/11110 dorsally and 0/111/0001 m 0 ventrally (Figs 1 & 6). Head.Antennae short, 0.9 times as long as head. Length ratio of antennal segments I: II: III: IV = 1: 1.5: 1.5: 2.0. Subapical organite on Ant. IV with globular apex, invaginated apical bulb absent; basolateral ms above the second proximal row of chaetae; numerous S-chaetae present and clearly distinguished from ordinary chaetae. Ant. III sensory organ composed of 5 papillae, 5 guard chaetae, 2 small rods, and 2 granulated sensory clubs (Fig. 2); lateral ms just behind sensory organ next to the basis of outer papilla. Ant. II with 16 chaetae. Ant. I with 9 chaetae. Antennal base well marked. PAO with 18���20 compound vesicles arranged in two rows along axis of organ (Fig. 3). Dorsal cephalic chaeta d0 present (Fig. 1). 4+4 p-chaetae between two inner posterior pso on head, p1 anteriorly to others (Fig. 1). Mandible and maxilla typical for the genus. Maxillary palp simple with 1 basal chaeta and 2 sublobal hairs. Labral chaetae 4/342 (Fig. 4). Labium with 6 proximal, 4 basomedian (E, F, G, and f) and 6 basolateral (a, b, c, d, e, e���) chaetae (Fig. 7). Labial palp of AC type, labial papillae A���E with 1, 4, 0, 3 and 3 guard chaetae respectively. Postlabial chaetae 4+4 along ventral groove (Fig. 7). Body chaetotaxy. S-chaetae slightly distinguished from ordinary chaetae, formulae as 11/012/222120 dorsally and 2/000/00010 ventrally (Figs 1 & 6). Tiny and blunt ms present on Th. II and III dorso-laterally (Fig. 1). Th. I tergum with 7���8+7���8 chaetae. Th. II���III terga each with 3���4+3���4 chaetae, and Abd. I���III terga each with 3+3 chaetae along axial line. Abd. IV tergum with unpaired axial chaetae m0 and p0; Abd. V tergum with unpaired axial chaeta m0; Abd. VI tergum with a0 and m0 (Fig. 1). Th. I���III sterna with 0+0, 1+1, 1+1(2) chaetae between legs. Appendages. Subcoxae 1 of legs I���III with 4, 5 and 5 chaetae, subcoxae 2 with 1, 4 and 4 chaetae respectively. Tibiotarsi of legs I, II and III with 22 (11, 8, 3), 21 (11, 8, 2) and 21 (11, 8, 2) chaetae (Fig. 5). Unguis without teeth. Unguiculus slender and pointed, 0.6 times as long as inner edge of unguis, without inner basal lamella (Fig. 5). Ventral tube with 6���7+6���7 distal, and without basal and anterior chaetae. Furca reduced to a finely granulated area with 4 dental chaetae in one row posterior to furcal rudiment; three manubrial rows of chaetae present (Fig. 8). Genital plate with 16���21 chaetae in females, 36���40 in males. Male ventral organ absent. Anal valves with following chaetae: each lateral valve with chaetae a0 and 2a1; upper valve with chaetae a0, 2a1, b0, 2b1, 2b2, c0, 2c1 and 2c2 (Fig. 9). Anal spines set on indistinct papillae, as long as inner edge of hind unguis. Derivatio nominis. Named for the mountain of the type locality. Discussion. The new species is similar to L. fusongensis Sun & Arbea, 2014 and L. mai (Wray, 1950) sensu Bernard (2015), as having the same dorsal pso formula (32/133/33343). However, they can be recognized easily by the pso formula on Abd. sterna II���IV (111 in the new species, 112 in L. fusongensis, and 001 in L. mai), unpaired axial chaetae m0 on Abd. tergum V (present in the new species, and absent in L. fusongensis and L. mai), and number of vesicles of PAO (18���20 in the new species, 13���16 in L. fusongensis, and 15 in L. mai)., Published as part of Zhang, Shaoqing, Sun, Xin & Wu, Donghui, 2020, A new species of the genus Leeonychiurus Sun & Arbea, 2014 (Collembola Onychiurinae, Onychiurini) from China, with a checklist of Chinese Onychiurini, pp. 137-143 in Zootaxa 4743 (1) on pages 138-140, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4743.1.13, http://zenodo.org/record/3687592, {"references":["Sun, X. & Arbea, J. I. (2014) Leeonychiurus, a new genus from East Asia (Collembola: Onychiurini). Zootaxa, 3847 (1), 115 - 124. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3847.1.6","Wray, D. L. (1950) Some new Collembola from Utah and Idaho. Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society, 45, 91 - 95. https: // doi. org / 10.1155 / 1950 / 65134","Bernard, E. C. (2015) Redescription of Hypogastruridae and Onychiuridae (Collembola) described by David L. Wray. Zootaxa, 3918 (3), 301 - 338. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3918.3.1"]}

Zhang, Shaoqing, Sun, Xin, Wu, Donghui (2020): A new species of the genus Leeonychiurus Sun & Arbea, 2014 (Collembola Onychiurinae, Onychiurini) from China, with a checklist of Chinese Onychiurini. Zootaxa 4743 (1): 137-143, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4743.1.13

Warming of the climate system is unequivocal, that is, stronger warming during night-time than during daytime. Here we focus on how soil nematodes respond to the current asymmetric warming. A field infrared heating experiment was performed in the western of the Songnen Plain, Northeast China. Three warming modes, i.e. daytime warming, night-time warming and diurnal warming, were taken to perform the asymmetric warming condition. Our results showed that the daytime and diurnal warming treatment significantly decreased soil nematodes density, and night-time warming treatment marginally affected the density. The response of bacterivorous nematode and fungivorous nematode to experimental warming showed the same trend with the total density. Redundancy analysis revealed an opposite effect of soil moisture and soil temperature, and the most important of soil moisture and temperature in night-time among the measured environment factors, affecting soil nematode community. Our findings suggested that daily minimum temperature and warming induced drying are most important factors affecting soil nematode community under the current global asymmetric warming.

One of the fundamental questions in community ecology is whether communities are random or formed by deterministic mechanisms. Although many efforts have been made to verify non-randomness in community structure, little is known with regard to co-occurrence patterns in above-ground and below-ground communities. In this paper, we used a null model to test non-randomness in the structure of the above-ground and below-ground mite communities in farmland of the Sanjiang Plain, Northeast China. Then, we used four tests for non-randomness to recognize species pairs that would be demonstrated as significantly aggregated or segregated co-occurrences of the above-ground and below-ground mite communities. The co-occurrence pattern of the above-ground mite community was significantly non-random in October, suggesting species segregation and hence interspecific competition. Additionally, species co-occurrence patterns did not differ from randomness in the above-ground mite community in August or in below-ground mite communities in August and October. Only one significant species pair was detected in the above-ground mite community in August, while no significant species pairs were recognized in the above-ground mite community in October or in the below-ground mite communities in August and October. The results indicate that non-randomness and significant species pairs may not be the general rule in the above-ground and below-ground mite communities in farmland of the Sanjiang Plain at the fine scale.

Protaphorura bicampata (Gisin, 1956) Figs 1���14 Onychiurus bicampata Gisin, 1956: 344 Material examined. 3 males on slides, China: Jiamusi city: Fujin county: Huasheng village (47 �� 16 ���N, 132 ��06���E), 0 7 August 2010, litter and soil under Populus davidiana Dode, Wu Donghui et al. leg (LD- 10-499); 1 female on slide, China: Heilongjiang province: Harbin city: Fangzheng county: Demoli (45 �� 52 ���N, 129 ��02���E), 0 6 August 2010, litter and soil, Wu Donghui et al. leg. (LD- 10-474); 1 female on slide, China: Heilongjiang province: Linjiang city (48 ��04���N, 133 �� 32 ���E), litter and soil under Betula costata Trautv., 9 August 2012, Wu Donghui et al. leg. (LD- 10-483); 1 female on slide, China: Inner Mongolia: Hulunbuir: Genhe City (50 �� 44 ���N, 121 �� 30 ���E), 20 September 2013, soil in the mixed coniferous and broad leaved forest, Wu Donghui et al. leg.; 2 males on slides, China: Jilin province: Baishan City: Hunjiang (41 �� 55 ���N, 126 �� 22 ���E), 0 1 September 2009, litter and soil, Wu Donghui leg.; 1 female and 1 male on slides, China: Heilongjiang province: Maoershan National Forest Park (45 �� 24 ���N, 127 �� 40 ���E), litter and soil in the mixed coniferous and broad leaved forest, 0 1 June 2013, Gao Meixiang leg. (GMX-MES- 2013). Remarks. We have described specimens of P. bicampata basing on the material from Heilongjiang (Honghe Farm and Xinqing national forest park) and Jilin (Manjiang) in 2013 (Sun et al. 2013 b). As more and more specimens being checked from northeast China, P. bicampata is found widespread in this area and its characters have some interspecific variations: psx present or absent on the subcoxa 1 of legs; the inner tooth on unguis present or absent and the anal spines shorter (about 0.6 times) or as long as inner edge of unguis. These variations were also found in Poland (Pomorski 1998), Eastern Europe and Tuva Republic (Kaprus���pers. comm.)., Published as part of Sun, Xin, Chang, Liang & Wu, Donghui, 2015, New species and new records of Protaphorura species from northeast China (Collembola: Onychiuridae), pp. 381-392 in Zootaxa 3920 (2) on page 382, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3920.2.9, http://zenodo.org/record/238316, {"references":["Gisin, H. (1956) Nouvelles contributions au demembrement des especes d' Onychiurus (Collembola). Bulletin de la Societe Entomologique Suisse, 29, 329 - 352.","Sun, X., Zhang, B. & Wu, D. H. (2013 b) Two new species and one new country record of Protaphorura Absolon, 1901 (Collembola: Onychiuridae) from northeast China. Zootaxa, 3693 (2), 207 - 220. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3693.2.7","Pomorski, R. J. (1998) Onychiurinae of Poland (Collembola: Onychiuridae). Genus, 9, 1 - 201."]}

Protaphorura kaszabi (Dunger, 1978) Onychiurus (Protaphorura) kaszabi Dunger, 1978: 14. Material examined. 4 females and 4 males on slides, China: Inner Mongolia: Hulunbuir: Genhe City (50 �� 44 ���N, 121 �� 30 ���E), 20 September 2013, soil in the mixed coniferous and broad leaved forest, Wu Donghui et al. leg. Remarks. Specimens from China answer to the original description., Published as part of Sun, Xin, Chang, Liang & Wu, Donghui, 2015, New species and new records of Protaphorura species from northeast China (Collembola: Onychiuridae), pp. 381-392 in Zootaxa 3920 (2) on page 387, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3920.2.9, http://zenodo.org/record/238316, {"references":["Dunger, W. (1978) Poduromorphe Collembolen (Insecta, Collembola) aus der Mongolischen Volksrepublik. I. Onychiuridae. Abhandlungen und Berichte des Naturkundemuseums Gorlitz, 52, 1 - 20."]}

Protaphorura genheensis sp. nov. Figs 15���27 Type material. Holotype female, 6 paratypes females and 5 paratypes males on slides. China: Inner Mongolia: Hulunbuir: Genhe City (50 �� 44 ���N, 121 �� 30 ���E), 20 September 2013, soil in the mixed coniferous and broad leaved forest, Wu Donghui et al. leg. Description. Body color white in alcohol. Size 1.60���1.75 mm in females, 1.30���1.40 mm in males; holotype 1.60 mm. Body slender and elongated. Pseudocellar formula dorsally: 33 /012/ 33342, ventrally: 10 /000/0000 (Figs 15, 20, 25); subcoxa 1 of legs with 1, 1, 1 pso respectively (Fig. 15). Parapseudocellar formula ventrally: 1 /000/ 111101m (Figs 20, 25); subcoxa 1 of legs with 1, 1, 1 psx respectively (Fig. 15). Pseudopores formula dorsally: 00/011/ 1111, ventrally: 0/ 111 /01m 1m 1m (Figs 15, 20, 25). Head. Antennae nearly as long as head. Ant. IV with a subapical organite; basolateral ms about 1 / 4 of segment length from base, above the second proximal row of chaetae (Fig. 19). Ant. III sensory organ composed of 5 papillae, 5 guard chaetae, 2 small sensory rods, 2 granulated sensory clubs and lateral ms (Fig. 17). Ant. I with 11 chaetae. Ant. II with 19 chaetae. Antennal bases with distinct granulation (Fig. 15). PAO composed of 24���32 simple vesicles (Fig. 18). 4 + 4 p-chaetae between postero-internal pso on head (Figs 15, 21). Mandible with strong molar plate and 4 apical teeth. Maxilla bearing 3 teeth and 6 lamellae. Maxillary palp simple with 1 basal chaeta and 2 sublobal hairs. Labral chaetae formula 4 / 342. Labium with 7 proximal, 4 basomedian (E, F, G and f) and 6 basolateral chaetae (a, b, c, d, e, e���) (Fig. 16); labial type A, papillae A���E respectively with 1, 4, 0, 3, 3 guard chaetae (Fig. 16). Postlabial chaetae 5 + 5 along ventral groove (Fig. 25). Body chaetotaxy. Dorsal chaetotaxy usually with some asymmetry, well differentiated into macro-, meso- and microchaetae. Chaetae s very weakly marked. Th. II���III terga with ms laterally (Figs 15, 22). Th. I tergum with 11���14 chaetae (Fig. 15). Abd. I���III and V terga without s��� (Fig. 15). Abd. IV���V terga with several asymmetrical chaetae along the axial line, Abd. IV tergum with m0 axial chaeta, Abd. V tergum with m0 and p0 axial chaetae, Abd. VI tergum with m0 axial chaeta (Figs 15, 26). Ratio M/sp on Abd. V as 1.6���1.8, M/ AS as 2.8���3.2 (Figs 15, 26). Straight lines passing through the bases of chaetae a 1 and m 1 parallel on Abd. VI tergum (Figs 15, 26). Th. I���III sterna with 1 + 1, 1 + 1, 2 + 2 chaetae, respectively. Ventral tube with 9���10 + 9���10 distal chaetae and 2 (1)+ 2 (1) basal chaetae, without anterior chaetae. Furca reduced to cuticular pocket with 2 + 2 dental chaetae������ 1 + 1 chaetae located on a cuticular fold, remaining 1 + 1 chaetae located distinctly below of fold; three manubrial rows of chaetae present posteriorly to dental chaetae (Figs 20, 27). Female genital plate with 19���24 chaetae, male genital chaetae plate with 32���46 chaetae. Male ventral organ absent. Anal valves with numerous acuminate chaetae; each lateral valve with a 0, 2a1 and 2 a 2; upper valve with chaetae a 0, 2a1, 2 b 1, 2 b 2, c 0, 2 c 1, 2 c 2 (Fig. 20). Appendages. Subcoxa 1 of legs I���III with 5, 7 and 5 chaetae, subcoxa 2 with 1, 5 and 5 chaetae, respectively. Tibiotarsi of legs I���III with 22 (11, 8, 3), 24 (11, 8, 5) and 23 (11, 8, 4) chaetae, respectively (Figs 23, 24). Unguis with inner tooth and lateral teeth. Unguiculus slender and pointed, as long as inner edge of unguis, without inner basal lamella (Figs 23, 24). Anal spines set on distinct papillae, about 0.5���0.7 times as long as inner edge of unguis (Figs 15, 26). Etymology. The name of the new species refers to the name of the city where it was found. Remarks. P. genheensis sp. nov. belongs to the ���oligopseudocellar��� group as having fewer pso on Th. II���III (Gulgenova & Potapov, 2013). It mostly resembles to the two Palaearctic species, P. dzherga Gulgenova & Potapov, 2013 and P. jacutica Martynova, 1976, by the dorsal pso formula (33 /012/ 33342); but it can be recognized easily by the number of pso on the subcoxa 1 of legs as 1,1, 1 (0,0,0 in P. dzherga and P. jacutica), the ventral psx formula as 10 /000/ 111101m (00/000/ 11000 in P. dzherga and 10 /000/ 10000 in P. jacutica). It is also close to the species P. buryatica Gulgenova & Potapov, 2013 as having 1,1, 1 pso on the subcoxa 1 of legs; they can be distinguished by the number of pso on the posterior head (3 + 3 in the new species and 2 + 2 in P. buryatica) and the ventral psx formula (00/000/ 10010 in P. buryatica). It is similar to the individuals of Protaphorura taimyrica (Martynova, 1976) who have the dorsal pso formula as 33 /012/ 33342 (see the remarks of Chinese Protaphorura taimyrica below). But they can be separated easily by the ventral psx formula (1 /000/ 111101m in the new species and 1 /000/ 10 (1)0001m in Protaphorura taimyrica (according to Babenko & Kaprus��� 2014)). The main diagnostic characters of them are shown in Table 1., Published as part of Sun, Xin, Chang, Liang & Wu, Donghui, 2015, New species and new records of Protaphorura species from northeast China (Collembola: Onychiuridae), pp. 381-392 in Zootaxa 3920 (2) on pages 382-387, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3920.2.9, http://zenodo.org/record/238316, {"references":["Gulgenova, A. & Potapov, M. (2013) New ' oligopseudocellar' Protaphorura species (Collembola: Onychiuridae) from East Palaearctic. Soil Organisms, 85 (3), 203 - 213.","Martynova, E. F. (1976) Species of genus Onychiurus Gervais, 1841 (Collembola, Onychiuridae) from the north and northeast of Asia. In: New Data on the Fauna of Siberia. Nauka, Novosibirsk, pp. 5 - 44. [in Russian]"]}

Protaphorura taimyrica (Martynova, 1976) Figs 28���44 Onychiurus (Protaphorura) taimyrica Martynova, 1976: 30 Material examined. 5 females and 11 males on slides, China: Heilongjiang province: Maoershan National Forest Park (45 �� 24 ���N, 127 �� 40 ���E), litter and soil in the mixed coniferous and broad leaved forest, 0 1 June 2013, Gao Meixiang leg. (GMX-MES- 2013); 4 females and 2 males on slides, China: Jilin province: Changbai National Forest Park (42 ��07���N, 128 ��06���E, alt. ca 1710 m), litter in the coniferous forest, 28 May 2012, Wu Donghui et al. leg. (CB- 12 -06, CB- 12 -07); 1 male on slide, China: Jilin province: Changbai National Forest Park (42 �� 40 ���N, 128 �� 11 ���E, alt. ca 760 m), litter in the broad leaved forest, 28 May 2012, Wu Donghui et al. leg. (CB- 12-22); 1 female and 1 male on slides, China: Heilongjiang province: Linjiang city (48 ��04���N, 133 �� 32 ���E), litter and soil under Betula costata Trautv., 9 August 2012, Wu Donghui et al. leg. (LD- 10-483); 2 females on slides, China: Heilongjiang province: Linjiang city (48 ��04���N, 133 �� 32 ���E), litter and soil under Populus davidiana Dode, 9 August 2012, Wu Donghui et al. leg. (LD- 10-479); 3 females and 1 male on slides, China: Heilongjiang province: Linjiang city (48 ��04���N, 133 �� 32 ���E), litter and soil under Quercus mongolica Fisch., 9 August 2012, Wu Donghui et al. leg. (LD- 10-480); 1 female and 1 male on slides, China: Heilongjiang province: Huachuan city: Donghe country (47 ��07���N, 131 �� 25 ���E), litter and soil under Quercus mongolica Fisch., 7 August 2012, Wu Donghui et al. leg. (LD- 10-459). Description basing on Chinese specimens. Body color white in alcohol. Size 1.70���1.95 mm in females, 1.55���1.65 mm in males; holotype 1.90 mm. Body slender and elongated. Pseudocellar formula dorsally: 33 /01��� 22 / 33342, ventrally: 10 /000/0 0 0 0 (Figs 28, 35, 44); subcoxa 1 of legs with 1, 1, 1 pso respectively. Parapseudocellar formula ventrally: 1 /000/ 100001m (Figs 35, 40); subcoxa 1 of legs with 1, 1, 1 psx respectively. Pseudopores formula dorsally: 00/011/ 1111, ventrally: 0/ 111 /01m 1m 1m (Figs 28, 35, 44). Head. Antennae nearly as long as head. Ant. IV with a subapical organite; basolateral ms about 1 / 4 of segment length from base, above the second proximal row of chaetae (Fig. 32). Ant. III sensory organ composed of 5 papillae, 5 guard chaetae, 2 small sensory rods, 2 granulated sensory clubs and a lateral ms (Fig. 30). Ant. I with 11 chaetae. Ant. II with 18 chaetae. Antennal bases with distinct granulation (Fig. 28). PAO composed of 27���31 simple vesicles (Figs 29, 36). 4 + 4 p-chaetae between postero-internal pso on head (Figs 28, 36). Mandible with strong molar plate and 4 apical teeth. Maxilla bearing 3 teeth and 6 lamellae. Maxillary palp simple with 1 basal chaeta and 2 sublobal hairs. Labral chaetae formula 4 / 342. Labium with 7 proximal, 4 basomedian (E, F, G and f) and 6 basolateral chaetae (a, b, c, d, e, e���) (Fig. 31); labial type A, papillae A���E respectively with 1, 4, 0, 3, 3 guard chaetae (Fig. 31). Postlabial chaetae 5 + 5 along ventral groove, sometimes with asymmetrical chaetae (Fig. 37). Body chaetotaxy. Dorsal chaetotaxy usually with some asymmetry, well differentiated into macro-, meso- and microchaetae. Chaetae s very weakly marked. Th. II���III terga with ms laterally (Figs 28, 44). Th. I tergum with 11���14 chaetae (Fig. 28). Abd. I���III and V terga without s��� (Figs 28, 42). Abd. IV���V terga with several asymmetrical chaetae along the axial line, Abd. VI tergum with m0 axial chaeta (Figs 28, 38, 41). Ratio M/sp on Abd. V as 1.8��� 2, M/ AS as 2.8��� 3 (Figs 28, 38, 41). Straight lines passing through the bases of chaetae a 1 and m 1 slightly convergent on Abd. VI tergum (Figs 28, 38, 41). Th. I���III sterna with 1 + 1, 1 + 1, 2 + 2 chaetae, respectively. Ventral tube with 9 + 9 distal chaetae and 2 + 2 basal chaetae, without anterior chaetae. Furca reduced to cuticular pocket with 2 + 2 dental chaetae��� 1 + 1 chaetae located on a cuticular fold, remaining 1 + 1 chaetae located distinctly below of fold; three manubrial rows of chaetae present posteriorly to dental chaetae (Figs 35, 39, 43). Female genital plate with 13���20 chaetae, male genital chaetae plate with 31���35 chaetae. Male ventral organ absent. Anal valves with numerous acuminate chaetae; each lateral valve with a 0, 2a1 and 2 a 2; upper valve with chaetae a 0, 2a1, 2 b 1, 2 b 2, c 0, 2 c 1, 2 c 2 (Fig. 40). Appendages. Subcoxa 1 of legs I���III with 5, 7 and 5 chaetae, subcoxa 2 with 1, 5 and 5 chaetae, respectively. Tibiotarsi of legs I���III with 22 (11, 8, 3), 24 (11, 8, 5) and 23 (11, 8, 4) chaetae, respectively (Figs 33, 34). Unguis with inner tooth. Unguiculus slender and pointed, as long as inner edge of unguis, without inner basal lamella (Figs 33, 34). Anal spines set on distinct papillae, about 0.6���0.7 times as long as inner edge of unguis (Figs 28, 38, 41). Remarks. Protaphorura taimyrica (Martynova, 1976) was redescribed basing on the type material and other material from Russia by Babenko and Kaprus��� (2014). The main morphological characters of the specimens from northeast China are in accordance with the redescription of Babenko and Kaprus���. In addition, there are variations in our material: some individuals have the dorsal pso formula as 33 /012/ 33342, but none of them show as 33 /022/ 33343; all of our specimens lack the psx on the Abd. II sternum as the specimens from Magadan Province (Babenko & Kaprus��� 2014); all of our specimens have 1 + 1 chaetae on the Th. II sternum (2 + 2 in Russian specimens); straight lines passing through the bases of chaetae a 1 and m 1 slightly convergent (parallel in Russian specimens). Until now, in the genus Protaphorura, there are 10 known species which have the dorsal pso formula as 33 / 022/ 33342 (Bellinger et al. 1996���2014, Babenko & Kaprus��� 2014): P. taimyrica (Martynova, 1976) from Russia and China, P. spinoidea (Steiner, 1955) and P. paranemorata (Selga, 1962) from Spain, P. subnemorata (Gisin, 1957) from Austria, P. zori (Martynova, 1975) from Parmir Mountains, P. montana (Mateos et Arbea, 1986) and P. quercetana (Mateos et Arbea, 1986) from Spain, P. sensillata (Khanislamova, 1986) from Bashkiria, P. boedvarssoni Pomorski, 1993 and P. stogovi Pomorski, 1993 from the White Sea shore (Russia). The main diagnostic characters of them are shown in Table 1. The individuals of P. taimyrica who have the dorsal pso formula as 33 /012/ 33342 belong to the ���oligopseudocellar��� group, as the new species P. genheensis sp. nov. described above. The main differences among them refer to Table 2., Published as part of Sun, Xin, Chang, Liang & Wu, Donghui, 2015, New species and new records of Protaphorura species from northeast China (Collembola: Onychiuridae), pp. 381-392 in Zootaxa 3920 (2) on pages 388-392, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3920.2.9, http://zenodo.org/record/238316, {"references":["Martynova, E. F. (1976) Species of genus Onychiurus Gervais, 1841 (Collembola, Onychiuridae) from the north and northeast of Asia. In: New Data on the Fauna of Siberia. Nauka, Novosibirsk, pp. 5 - 44. [in Russian]","Steiner, W. (1955) Beitraege zur Kenntnis der Collembolenfauna Spaniens. Eos, 31, 323 - 340.","Selga, D. (1962) Sobre algunos colembolos cavernicolas de Cataluna. Publicaciones del Instituto de Biologia Aplicada, 33, 43 - 49.","Gisin, H. (1957) Sur la faune europeenne des Collemboles I. Revue Suisse de Zoologie, 64 (25), 475 - 496.","Martynova, E. F. & Chelnokov, V. G. (1975) Collembola of the East Pamirs. The f amilies Onychiuridae and Hypogastruridae. Zoologicheskii Zhurnal, 54 (3), 464 - 470. [in Russian]","Mateos, E. M. & Arbea, J. I. (1986) Dos nuevas especies de Protaphorura del grupo nemorata (Collembola, Onychiuridae) del macizo del Montseny (Barcelona). Actas VIII Jornadas, 281 - 290.","Khanislamova, G. M. (1986) New species of springtails of the genus Onychiurus (Collembola, Onychiuridae) from the Ural Mountain piedmonts. Zoologicheskii Zhurnal, 65 (10), 1470 - 1478. [in Russian]","Pomorski, R. J. (1993) Two new species of Protaphorura Absolon, 1901 from north Karelia (Russia), with notes on the position of altered pseudocelli (psx) in the armatus - group (Collembola, Onychiuridae). Genus, 4 (2), 121 - 128."]}

Sun, Xin, Chang, Liang, Wu, Donghui (2015): New species and new records of Protaphorura species from northeast China (Collembola: Onychiuridae). Zootaxa 3920 (2): 381-392, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3920.2.9

Based on molecular docking analysis, nine alkyl 3,4-di-O-caffeoyl- quinates have been designed. Started from 3,4-di- O-caffeoylquinic acid (3,4-DCQA), all the compounds have been synthesized using thionylchloride as coupling reagent with yields of 56%-72%. By applying plaque reduction assay, the anti-respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) activities of all the compounds were evaluated. The IC50 values of all the derivatives were 2.9 to 7.8 times less than that of 3,4-DCQA itself. Isopropyl 3,4-Di-O-caffeoyl quinate (LS-4) was confirmed as the most active compound with IC50 value of 0.3 μM. It was indicated that hydrophobic groups with 2 to 4 carbon chain length were optimal for the enhancement of anti-RSV activity. Interestingly, all the derivatives showed greater cytotoxicity than 3,4-DCQA. Except LS-5, LS-6 and LS-9, all the derivatives have less toxicity than ribavirin. Furthermore, the stabilities of LS-4 in water, artificial gastric juice (AGJ), and artificial intestinal juice were evaluated, respectively. It was shown that LS-4 is stable in AGJ with the hydrolysis rate of 24.9% after 6 hours incubation at 37°C.

The precursors of Fe2O3-SiO2 mixed oxides prepared through co-precipitation method were modified by microwave hydrothermal treatment for the first time. S2O8 2−/Fe2O3-SiO2 solid acids were formed after being impregnated by (NH4)2S2O8 solution and calcined at high temperature. The samples were characterized by XRD, TEM, N2 adsorption/desorption methods. It was found that the presence of SiO2 obviously retarded the formation and growth of Fe2O3 crystals. Catalyst with appropriate specific surface area and narrow pore size distribution was obtained. The catalytic activities of the solid acids were evaluated by esterification of acetic acid and butanol and the results were compared with those catalysts prepared at normal conditions. The results showed that catalytic activity was extensively improved by microwave hydrothermal treatment.

Little had been known about ETO protein until t(8;21) was found in 12%–15% of acute myeloid leukemia which resulted in AML1-ETO fusion protein. ETO protein has four conserved nervy homology regions termed NHR1-4. A lot have already been known about NHR 1,2,4: NHR1 is homologous with theDrosophila TATA-box-associated factor 110 (TAF110); NHR2 is a dimerization domain associated with mSin3A/HDAC; NHR4 is MYND class of zinc fingers associated with NCoR/SMRT/HDAC. Only the function of NHR3 remains unclear. In order to investigate whether NHR3 domain could participate in oligomerization, we cloned and purified this domain. Through gel filtration chromatography, dynamic light scattering and dissolved crystal electrophoresis, we found that NHR3 domain was a tight tetramer. Then we cloned NHR3+4 domain (i.e. NHR3 domain plus NHR4 domain), and discovered, by gel filtration chromatography and native PAGE, that NHR3+4 domain could form dimer in solution. This was the first time to observe that NHR3 and NHR4 domains may have some contribution to the oligomerization of ETO protein, which might recruit corepressors in the form of dimer, and stabilize ETO dimerization through convergent strength of NHR2, NHR3 and NHR4 domains and then stabilize corepressors recruitment. These speculations are very worthy of further evaluation.

Wu, Donghui, Bedos, Anne, Deharveng, Louis (2014): First record of the genus Koreanurina Najt and Weiner (Collembola: Neanuridae: Pseudachorutinae) from China, with description of two new species from Changbai mountain. Journal of Natural History 48 (41-42): 2579-2593, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2014.939727

Arphthicarus baculus sp. nov. (Figure 1) Diagnosis Surface of body covered with large foveolae; sigillar fields of prodorsum and posterior furrows well developed; one pair of lateral carinae present, nearly reaching sinus; sensilla long, narrow, swollen at the end and covered with small spines; interlamellar and notogastral setae long and robust, erect and obtuse distally, densely barbed in distal half; lamellar and rostral setae spiniform, short, rough and semi-erect; exobothridial short and fine; ss > in > ex>ro > le; setae ps 4 situated anterior to the level of setae ad 2; two pairs of lyrifissures ia and im present; h > h–h; setae g 6 situated anteriolateral to g 5; setae ad 2 situated at level of setae an 1; setae ad 3 smooth; ad 1 > ad 2 > an 1 = an 2 > ad 3; setae d on femora I situated near distal end of article. Material examined Holotype: adult (ZMCAS, in alcohol, W-93-20), China: Hunan Province, Yizhang County, Mangshan Mountains, Pingkeng (24°58 ʹ 43.18 ʺ N, 112°51 ʹ 3.50 ʺ E), from litter, 17 March 1991, leg. Fu-Sheng Huang. Paratype: one adult (ZMCAS, in alcohol, W-93-20), same data as holotype. Description Measurements. Holotype: Prodorsum: length 250, width 170, height 90, setae: ss 80, ro 16, le 10, in 72, ex 20; distance between setae: ro–ro 23, in–in 55, le–le 102; notogaster: length 464, width 319, height 290; setae: c 1 70, c 2 67, c 3 66, c p 61, d 1 62, d 2 55, e 1 75, e 2 59, h 1 77, h 2 65, h 3 58, ps 1 73, ps 2 65, ps 3 55, ps 4 50; distance between setae: c 1 – d 1 120, d 1 – e 1 145, e 1 – h 1 115, h 1 – ps 1 95; ventral region: ad 1 75, ad 2 70, ad 3 37, an 1 55, an 2 55; genitoaggenital plate 132 × 115, anoadanal plate 176 × 105. Paratype: Prodorsum: length 240, width 165, height 100; notogaster: length 448, width 305, height 275; genitoaggenital plate 125 × 110, anoadanal plate 188 × 105. Integument. Colour yellowish to brown. Surface of body covered with large foveolae. Prodorsum (Figure 1A–C). One pair of lateral carinae (ca) present, nearly reaching sinus; sigillar fields distinct, dorsal field narrow, longer than lateral fields; posterior furrows developed; sensilla (ss) long, narrow, swollen at the end and covered with small spines; interlamellar setae (in) bacilliform, long, robust, erect and obtuse distally, densely barbed in distal half; lamellar (le) and rostral (ro) setae spiniform, short, rough and semi-erect; rostral setae much thicker than lamellar setae; exobothridial setae (ex) short and fine; comparative length: ss > in > ex>ro > le. Notogaster (Figure 1A). Fifteen pairs of setae present, moderately long (c 1 < c 1 – d 1), similar shape to interlamellar setae, setae h 1 longest, setae ps 4 thinner and shortest; setae c 1–3 remote from anterior border, setae c 2 more remote than c 1 and c 3; vestigial setae f 1 not observed; two pairs of lyrifissures ia and im present. Ventral region (Figure 1D, E). Setae h of mentum longer than distance between them. Nine pairs of genital setae (g) present, arranged with formula: 6(4 + 2): 3. Anoadanal plates each with five setae (ad and an), pointed distally, setae ad 1 and ad 2 rough, nearly straight, longer and thicker than other setae, setae ad 3 and anal setae slightly thinner and smooth; comparative length: ad 1 > ad 2 > an 1 = an 2 > ad 3. Legs (Figure 1F–I). Setal counts for leg segments (without tarsi): I: 1–4–2(2)–5(1); II: 1–3–2(1)–3(1), III: 2–2–1(1)–2(1), IV: 2–1–1–2(1); setae d on femora I situated near distal end of article; setae a” on tarsi I and setae ft” on tarsi II curved distally; setae a” on tarsi II curved distally; setae s and pv’ on tarsi IV present; setae s on tarsi I and II absent. Etymology The new specific name ‘ baculus ’ is from Latin, and refers to the bacilliform shape of the notogastral setae. Remarks This new species is similar to Arphthicarus ineptus (Niedba&lstrok;a, 1984) from India in the presence of two pairs of lyrifissures and similar shape of lamellar, interlamellar and notogastral setae, but can be easily distinguished from the latter species by following characters: in A.baculus sp. nov., surface of body covered with large foveolae; sigillar fields of prodorsum and posterior furrows well developed; lateral carinae much longer, nearly reaching sinus; head of sensilla more inflated in dorsal view and more elongate in lateral view; interlamellar and rostral setae much shorter (in 72, ro 16), ss > in > ex>ro > le; rostral setae thicker and rough, shorter than exobothridial setae (ex 20); notogastral setae much shorter (e.g. c 1 70); setae g 6 situated anteriolateral to g 5; setae ad 2 situated at level of setae an 1; setae ad 3 smooth; setae a” on tarsi I and tarsi II present. In A.ineptus, surface of body covered with small foveolae; sigillar fields of prodorsum and posterior furrows indistinct; lateral carinae short, far from sinus; head of sensilla slightly inflated in dorsal view and shorter in lateral view; interlamellar and rostral setae much longer (in 123, ro 54.2), in > ss > ro>ex > le; rostral setae thin and smooth, much longer than exobothridial setae (ex 25.2); notogastral setae much longer (e.g. c 1 108); setae g 6 situated posteriolateral to g 5; setae ad 2 situated at level between setae an 1 and an 2; setae ad 3 covered with small spines; setae a” on tarsi I and tarsi II absent. This new species is also similar to Arphthicarus pachetos Niedba&lstrok;a, 2008 from Borneo by the presence of two pairs of lyrifissures, similar shape of sensilla, similar shape and length of interlamellar, lamellar and notogastral setae, but differs by following characters: in A.baculus sp. nov., posterior furrows of prodorsum developed; lateral carinae relatively short, not reaching sinus; dorsal sigillar field narrower than lateral ones; rostral setae much shorter (ro 16) and spiniform; ss > in > ex>ro > le; distance between rostral setae shorter (in–in/ro–ro = 2.39); setae ps 4 situated anterior to the level of setae ad 2; setae h of mentum not vestigial; setae ad 2 not distinctly longer than other setae of anoadanal plates; setae ad 2 situated at level of setae an 1; setae d on femora I situated much anterior to the level of setae v’. In A. pachetos, posterior furrows absent; lateral carinae very long, reaching the end of rostrum; dorsal sigillar field broader than lateral ones; rostral setae longer (ro 53) and setiform; in > ss > ro>le > ex; distance between rostral setae longer (in–in/ro–ro ps 4 situated at the level of setae ad 2; setae h of mentum vestigial; setae ad 2 distinctly longer than other setae of anoadanal plates; setae ad 2 situated at level between setae an 1 and an 2; setae d on femora I situated at the level of setae v’.

Arphthicarus spiniformis sp. nov. (Figure 2) Diagnosis Surface of body foveolate; lateral carinae and median carina absent; sigillar fields weakly visible; posterior furrows present; sensilla with long and narrow pedicel and rounded head; interlamellar and notogastral setae thick and semi-erect, covered with small spines in distal half; lamellar setae minute; rostral setae spiniform, short, smooth and semi-erect; exobothridial setae short and fine; ss > in > ro>le > ex; vestigial setae f 1 posterior to setae h 1; two pairs of lyrifissures ia and im present; h < h–h; setae g 6 situated slightly anteriolateral to g 4; setae ad 2 situated between setae an 1 and an 2, and far away from setae an 1; setae ad 3 smooth; ad 2 > ad 1 > an 1 = an 2 > ad 3; setae d on femora I situated near distal end of article. Material examined Holotype: adult (ZMCAS, in alcohol, N–17), China: Guangxi Province, Xing’ an County, Maoershan Mts. (25°52 ʹ 51.56 ʺ N, 110°29 ʹ 39.54 ʺ E), from moss, 1200 m, 14 July 1985, leg. Yun-Qi Cui. Paratypes: two adults (NIGA, in alcohol), China: Guangxi Province, Lipu County (24°29 ʹ 16.23 ʺ N, 110°23 ʹ 42.77 ʺ E), from litter, 22 October 2012, leg. Yong-Ming Wu. Description Measurements. Holotype: Prodorsum: length 187, width 135, height 82, setae: ss 45, ro 22, le 12, in 43, ex 4; distance between setae: ro–ro 16, in–in 53, le–le 86; notogaster: length 330, width 220, height 200; setae: c 1 46, c 2 43, c 3 43, c p 45, d 1 40, d 2 35, e 1 35, e 2 40, h 1 36, h 2 45, h 3 35, ps 1 40, ps 2 45, ps 3 41, ps 4 40; distance between setae: c 1 – d 1 75, d 1 – e 1 105, e 1 – h 1 77, h 1 – ps 1 60; ventral region: ad 1 50, ad 2 56, ad 3 30, an 1 31, an 2 31; genitoaggenital plate 136 × 90, anoadanal plate 151 × 120. Paratypes: Prodorsum: length 175–180, width 130–135, height 80–85; notogaster: length 320–325, width 205–215, height 190–195. Integument. Colour yellowish. Surface of body foveolate. Prodorsum (Figure 2A–C). Lateral carinae and median carina absent; sigillar fields weakly visible; posterior furrows present; sensilla (ss) with long and narrow pedicel and rounded head; interlamellar setae (in) thick, semi-erect and pointed distally, covered with small spines in distal half; lamellar setae (le) minute and smooth; rostral setae (ro) spiniform, short, smooth and semi-erect, thicker than lamellar setae; exobothridial setae (ex) short and fine; comparative length: ss > in > ro>le > ex. Notogaster (Figure 2A). Fifteen pairs of setae present, short (c 1 < c 1 – d 1), similar shape to interlamellar setae, setae c 1 longest, setae d 2, e 2 and h 3 shortest; setae c 1–3 remote from anterior border, setae c 2 more remote than c 1 and c 3; vestigial setae f 1 posterior to setae h 1; two pairs of lyrifissures ia and im present. Ventral region (Figure 2D, E). Setae h of mentum shorter than distance between them. Nine pairs of genital setae (g) present, arranged with formula: 6(4 + 2): 3. Anoadanal plates each with five setae (ad and an), pointed distally, setae ad 1 and ad 2 rough, nearly straight, longer and thicker than other setae, setae ad 3 and anal setae slightly thinner and smooth; comparative length: ad 2 > ad 1 > an 1 = an 2 > ad 3. Legs (Figure 2F–I). Setal counts for leg segments (without tarsi): I: 1–4–2(2)–5(1); II: 1–3–2(1)–3(1), III: 2–2–1(1)–2(1), IV: 2–2–1–2(1); setae d on femora I situated near distal end of article; setae a” on tarsi I and setae ft” on tarsi II curved distally; setae a” on tarsi II curved distally; setae s and pv’ on tarsi IV present; setae s on tarsi I and II absent; setae d on tibiae IV short. Etymology The new specific name ‘ spiniformis ’ is from Latin, and refers to the shape of rostral setae. Remarks This new species is similar to Arphthicarus evexus Niedba&lstrok;a, 2000 from Vietnam in the presence of posterior furrows on prodorsum, two pairs of lyrifissures present, vestigial setae f 1 posterior to setae h 1, similar shape of sensilla, short and fine lamellar setae, h < h–h, but can be easily distinguished from the latter species by following characters: in A.spiniformis sp. nov., lateral carinae absent; interlamellar setae much shorter (in 43), ss > in; rostral setae shorter (ro 22) and semi-erect; setae g 6 situated slightly anteriolateral to g 4; setae ad 2 shorter and straight, situated between setae an 1 and an 2, and far away from setae an 1; setae ad 3 smooth. In A.evexus lateral carinae distinct; interlamellar setae much longer (in 75.9), in > ss; rostral setae longer (ro 37.9), lying parallel to surface of prodorsum; setae g 6 situated at the level between g 4 and g 5, and closer to g 5; setae ad 2 longer and hooked, situated posteriolateral to setae an 1, and very close to setae an 1; setae ad 3 covered with small setae.

Liu, Dong, Wu, Donghui, Chen, Jun (2014): First record of the genus Arphthicarus Niedbała (Acari: Oribatida: Phthiracaridae) from China, with descriptions of two new species. Journal of Natural History (J. Nat. Hist.) 48 (35-36): 2199-2206, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2014.909064, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2014.909064

Arphthicarus spiniformis sp. nov. (Figure 2) Diagnosis Surface of body foveolate; lateral carinae and median carina absent; sigillar fields weakly visible; posterior furrows present; sensilla with long and narrow pedicel and rounded head; interlamellar and notogastral setae thick and semi-erect, covered with small spines in distal half; lamellar setae minute; rostral setae spiniform, short, smooth and semi-erect; exobothridial setae short and fine; ss > in > ro>le > ex; vestigial setae f 1 posterior to setae h 1; two pairs of lyrifissures ia and im present; h < h���h; setae g 6 situated slightly anteriolateral to g 4; setae ad 2 situated between setae an 1 and an 2, and far away from setae an 1; setae ad 3 smooth; ad 2 > ad 1 > an 1 = an 2 > ad 3; setae d on femora I situated near distal end of article. Material examined Holotype: adult (ZMCAS, in alcohol, N���17), China: Guangxi Province, Xing��� an County, Maoershan Mts. (25��52 �� 51.56 �� N, 110��29 �� 39.54 �� E), from moss, 1200 m, 14 July 1985, leg. Yun-Qi Cui. Paratypes: two adults (NIGA, in alcohol), China: Guangxi Province, Lipu County (24��29 �� 16.23 �� N, 110��23 �� 42.77 �� E), from litter, 22 October 2012, leg. Yong-Ming Wu. Description Measurements. Holotype: Prodorsum: length 187, width 135, height 82, setae: ss 45, ro 22, le 12, in 43, ex 4; distance between setae: ro���ro 16, in���in 53, le���le 86; notogaster: length 330, width 220, height 200; setae: c 1 46, c 2 43, c 3 43, c p 45, d 1 40, d 2 35, e 1 35, e 2 40, h 1 36, h 2 45, h 3 35, ps 1 40, ps 2 45, ps 3 41, ps 4 40; distance between setae: c 1 ��� d 1 75, d 1 ��� e 1 105, e 1 ��� h 1 77, h 1 ��� ps 1 60; ventral region: ad 1 50, ad 2 56, ad 3 30, an 1 31, an 2 31; genitoaggenital plate 136 �� 90, anoadanal plate 151 �� 120. Paratypes: Prodorsum: length 175���180, width 130���135, height 80���85; notogaster: length 320���325, width 205���215, height 190���195. Integument. Colour yellowish. Surface of body foveolate. Prodorsum (Figure 2A���C). Lateral carinae and median carina absent; sigillar fields weakly visible; posterior furrows present; sensilla (ss) with long and narrow pedicel and rounded head; interlamellar setae (in) thick, semi-erect and pointed distally, covered with small spines in distal half; lamellar setae (le) minute and smooth; rostral setae (ro) spiniform, short, smooth and semi-erect, thicker than lamellar setae; exobothridial setae (ex) short and fine; comparative length: ss > in > ro>le > ex. Notogaster (Figure 2A). Fifteen pairs of setae present, short (c 1 < c 1 ��� d 1), similar shape to interlamellar setae, setae c 1 longest, setae d 2, e 2 and h 3 shortest; setae c 1���3 remote from anterior border, setae c 2 more remote than c 1 and c 3; vestigial setae f 1 posterior to setae h 1; two pairs of lyrifissures ia and im present. Ventral region (Figure 2D, E). Setae h of mentum shorter than distance between them. Nine pairs of genital setae (g) present, arranged with formula: 6(4 + 2): 3. Anoadanal plates each with five setae (ad and an), pointed distally, setae ad 1 and ad 2 rough, nearly straight, longer and thicker than other setae, setae ad 3 and anal setae slightly thinner and smooth; comparative length: ad 2 > ad 1 > an 1 = an 2 > ad 3. Legs (Figure 2F���I). Setal counts for leg segments (without tarsi): I: 1���4���2(2)���5(1); II: 1���3���2(1)���3(1), III: 2���2���1(1)���2(1), IV: 2���2���1���2(1); setae d on femora I situated near distal end of article; setae a��� on tarsi I and setae ft��� on tarsi II curved distally; setae a��� on tarsi II curved distally; setae s and pv��� on tarsi IV present; setae s on tarsi I and II absent; setae d on tibiae IV short. Etymology The new specific name ��� spiniformis ��� is from Latin, and refers to the shape of rostral setae. Remarks This new species is similar to Arphthicarus evexus Niedba&lstrok;a, 2000 from Vietnam in the presence of posterior furrows on prodorsum, two pairs of lyrifissures present, vestigial setae f 1 posterior to setae h 1, similar shape of sensilla, short and fine lamellar setae, h < h���h, but can be easily distinguished from the latter species by following characters: in A.spiniformis sp. nov., lateral carinae absent; interlamellar setae much shorter (in 43), ss > in; rostral setae shorter (ro 22) and semi-erect; setae g 6 situated slightly anteriolateral to g 4; setae ad 2 shorter and straight, situated between setae an 1 and an 2, and far away from setae an 1; setae ad 3 smooth. In A.evexus lateral carinae distinct; interlamellar setae much longer (in 75.9), in > ss; rostral setae longer (ro 37.9), lying parallel to surface of prodorsum; setae g 6 situated at the level between g 4 and g 5, and closer to g 5; setae ad 2 longer and hooked, situated posteriolateral to setae an 1, and very close to setae an 1; setae ad 3 covered with small setae., Published as part of Liu, Dong, Wu, Donghui & Chen, Jun, 2014, First record of the genus Arphthicarus Niedba��a (Acari: Oribatida: Phthiracaridae) from China, with descriptions of two new species, pp. 2199-2206 in Journal of Natural History (J. Nat. Hist.) (J. Nat. Hist.) 48 (35 - 36) on pages 2203-2205, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2014.909064, http://zenodo.org/record/4631462, {"references":["Niedbala W. 2000. The ptyctimous mites fauna of the Oriental and Australian Regions and their centres of origin (Acari: Oribatida). Genus. Supplement: 1 - 493."]}

Protaphorura maoerensis sp. nov. Figs 14���26 Type material. Holotype female, 13 paratypes females and 7 paratypes male on slides. China: Heilongjiang province: Maoershan National Forest Park (45 �� 24 ���N, 127 �� 40 ���N), 0 1 June 2013, litter and soil, Gao Meixiang leg. Description. Body color white in alcohol. Size 1.75���2.05 mm in females, 1.75 mm in male; holotype 1.80 mm. Body slender and elongated. Pseudocellar formula dorsally: 43 /022/ 33353, ventrally: 1 /000/00000 (Figs 14 & 20); subcoxa 1 of legs with 1, 0, 0 pso respectively. Parapseudocellar formula ventrally: 1 /000/ 110000 (Fig. 20); subcoxa 1 of legs with 1, 1, 1 psx respectively. Pseudopores formula dorsally: 00/011/ 111100, ventrally: 0/ 111 /01m 1m 1m 0 0 (Figs 14 & 20). Head. Antennae nearly as long as head. Ant. IV with a subapical organite and basolateral ms about 1 / 5 of segment length from base (Fig. 18). Ant. III sensory organ composed of 5 papillae, 5 guard chaetae, 2 small sensory rods, 2 granulated sensory clubs and a lateral ms (Fig. 17). Ant. I with 11 chaetae. Ant. II with 17 chaetae. Antennal bases with distinct granulation. PAO composed of 40���42 simple vesicles (Fig. 15). 4 + 4 p-chaetae between postero-internal pso on head (Fig. 14). Mandible with strong molar plate and 4 apical teeth. Maxilla bearing 3 teeth and 6 lamellae. Maxillary palp simple with 1 basal chaeta and 2 sublobal hairs. Labral chaetae formula 4 / 342. Labium with 7 proximal, 4 basomedian (E, F, G and f) and 6 basolateral chaetae (a, b, c, d, e, e���) (Fig. 22); labial type A, papillae A���E respectively with 1, 4, 0, 3, 3 guard chaetae (Fig. 16). Postlabial chaetae 5 + 5 along ventral groove (Fig. 22). Body chaetotaxy. Dorsal chaetotaxy usually with some asymmetry, well differentiated into macro-, meso- and microchaetae. Chaetae s very weakly marked. Th. II���III terga with ms laterally (Fig. 14). Th. I tergum with 12���14 chaetae (Fig. 14). Abd. I���III and V terga without s��� (Fig. 14). Abd. IV���V terga with several asymmetrical chaetae along the axial line, Abd. VI tergum with m0 axial chaeta (Figs 14 & 23). Ratio M/sp on Abd. V as 1.4���1.5 (Figs 21 & 23). Straight lines passing through the bases of chaetae a 1 and m 1 subparallel on Abd. VI tergum (Fig. 14). Th. I���III sterna with 1 + 1, 2 + 2, 2 + 2 chaetae, respectively. Ventral tube with 9 + 9 distal chaetae and 2 + 2 basal chaetae, without anterior chaetae. Furca reduced to cuticular pocket with 2 + 2 dental chaetae������ 1 + 1 chaetae located on a cuticular fold, remaining 1 + 1 chaetae located distinctly below of fold; three manubrial rows of chaetae present posteriorly to dental chaetae (Fig. 25). Female genital plate with 15���28 chaetae, male genital chaetae plate with 40 chaetae. Male ventral organ absent. Anal valves with numerous acuminate chaetae; each lateral valve with a 0, 2a1 and 2 a 2; upper valve with chaetae a 0, 2a1, 2 b 1, 2 b 2, c 0, 2 c 1, 2 c 2 (Fig. 26). Appendages. Subcoxa 1 of legs I���III with 5���6, 6 ��� 7 and 6 chaetae, subcoxa 2 with 1, 5 and 5 chaetae, respectively. Tibiotarsi of legs I���III with 22 (11, 8, 3), 24 (11, 8, 5) and 23 (11, 8, 4) chaetae, respectively (Figs 19 & 24). Unguis with inner denticle. Unguiculus slender and pointed, as long as inner edge of unguis, without inner basal lamella (Figs 19 & 24). Anal spines set on distinct papillae, 0.6 times as long as inner edge of unguis. Etymology. The name of the new species refers to the mountain where it was found. Ecology. In the mixed coniferous and broad leaved forest. Remarks. The new species shares the character, subcoxa 1 of legs with 1, 0, 0 pso respectively, with the octopunctata- group species P. mongolica (Martynova, 1975) and P. sakatoi (Yosii, 1966). But they can be distinguished by the pso formula dorsally (43 /022/ 33353 in P. maoerensis sp. nov., 43 /022/ 33342 in P. mongolica, 43 /022/ 33343 in P. sakatoi). P. maoerensis sp. nov. has the same pso formula dorsally 43 /022/ 33353 with the species P. octopunctata (Tullberg, 1876), P. nutak (Yosii, 1972), P. eichhorni (Gisin, 1954), P. valsainensis (Ac��n, 1981) and P. merita Kaprus��� & Pomorski, 2008. They can be separated by the combined characters in Table 2. * The characters of P. octopunctata and P. nu t a k according to Kaprus��� and Pomorski (2008); the characters of P. eichhorni according to Weiner and Stomp (1995)., Published as part of Sun, Xin, Wu, Donghui & Gao, Meixiang, 2013, Description of the octopunctata - group species of Protaphorura from China (Collembola: Onychiuridae), pp. 363-371 in Zootaxa 3710 (4) on pages 367-370, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3710.4.5, http://zenodo.org/record/221809

Protaphorura minima sp. nov. Figs 35–46 Type material. Holotype female, 16 paratype females and 6 paratype males on slides, China: Heilongjiang: Tongjiang: Honghe (47 ° 35 ’ N, 133 ° 31 ’ E), 27 Aug. 2010, litter and soil, Wu Donghui et al. leg. Description. Body color white in alcohol. Size 1.0–1.35 mm in females, 0.9–1.0 mm in males; holotype 1.0 mm. Body slender and elongated. Pseudocellar formula dorsally: 33 /012/ 33332, absent ventrally (Figs 35 & 37); subcoxa 1 of legs without pso. Parapseudocellar formula ventrally: 00/000/ 100000; subcoxa 1 of legs without psx. Pseudopores formula dorsally: 00/011/ 111100, ventrally: 00/ 111 /00xx00 (Figs 35, 37 & 40). Head. Antennae nearly as long as head. Ant. IV with a subapical organite and basolateral ms about 1 / 3 of segment length from base. Ant. III sensory organ composed of 5 papillae, 5 guard chaetae, 2 small sensory rods, 2 granulated sensory clubs and a lateral ms. Ant. I with 11 chaetae. Ant. II with 17 chaetae. Antennal bases with distinct granulation. PAO composed of 21–26 simple vesicles (Fig. 36). 4 + 4 p-chaetae between posterior a-pso on head (Fig. 35). Mandible with strong molar plate and 4 apical teeth. Maxilla bearing 3 teeth and 6 lamellae. Maxillary palp simple with 1 basal chaeta and 2 sublobal hairs. Labral chaetae formula 4 / 342. Labium with 6 proximal, 4 basomedian (E, F, G and f) and 6 basolateral chaetae (a, b, c, d, e, e’) (Fig. 37); labial type A, papillae A–E respectively with 1, 4, 0, 3, 3 guard chaetae. Postlabial chaetae 5 (4)+ 5 along ventral groove (Fig. 37). Body chaetotaxy. Dorsal chaetotaxy usually with some asymmetry, well differentiated into macro-, meso- and microchaetae. Chaetae s well differentiated dorsally, formula 11 /011/ 222120; weakly marked ventrally (Figs 35 & 37). Th. II–III terga with microsensilla laterally. Th. I tergum with 7–9 chaetae (chaetotaxy type - 2 - or - 1 -) (Figs 35, 38 & 39). Abd. I–III and V terga without s’ (Figs 35 & 43). Abd. IV tergum without axial chaeta, Abd. V tergum with p0 axial chaeta, Abd. VI tergum with m0 axial chaeta (Fig. 35). Ratio M/sp on Abd. V 3.0–3.2 (Fig. 44). Straight lines passing through bases of chaetae a 1 and m 1 parallel on Abd. VI tergum (Fig. 35). Anal spines set on distinct papillae, 0.4 times as long as inner edge of unguis. Th. I–III sterna with 1 + 1, 1 + 1, 1 + 1 chaetae, respectively. Ventral tube with 8–9 + 8–9 distal chaetae and 1 + 1 basal chaetae, without anterior chaetae. Furca reduced to cuticular pocket with 2 + 2 dental chaetae–– 1 + 1 chaetae located on a cuticular fold, remaining 1 + 1 chaetae located distinctly below fold; three manubrial rows of chaetae present posteriorly to dental chaetae (Fig. 40). Female genital plate with 14–20 chaetae (Fig. 41), male genital plate with 30–34 chaetae (Fig. 42). Male ventral organ present on Abd. VI sternum, bearing two brush-shaped chaetae on each anal valve (Fig. 45). Anal valves with numerous acuminate chaetae; each lateral valve with a 0, 2a1 and a 2; upper valve with chaetae a 0, 2a1, 2 b 1, 2 b 2, c 0, 2 c 1, 2 c 2 (Fig. 46). Appendages. Subcoxa 1 of legs I–III with 4, 4 and 4 chaetae, subcoxa 2 with 1, 4 and 4 chaetae, respectively. Tibiotarsi of legs I–III with 22 (11, 8, 3), 21 (11, 8, 2) and 23 (11, 8, 4) chaetae, respectively. Unguis with small inner denticle. Unguiculus slender and pointed, 1.2 times as long as inner edge of unguis, without inner basal lamella. Etymology. The name of the new species refers to its small body size. Ecology. Found under a pine tree in the Sanjiang Experimental Station of Wetland Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences. Remarks. The new species is particular in having the male ventral organ on Abd. VI sternum (two brushshaped chaetae on each anal valve). Among other species of the genus Protaphorura, P. ajudagi, P. christiani Pomorski, Leithner & Bruckner, 2003, P. januarii (Weiner, 1977), P. kopetdagi Pomorski, 1994, P. s t i r i a c a (Stach, 1946) and P. stogovi Pomorski, 1993 also have the male ventral organ, but they can be easily separated by the combined characters in Table 1. The new species resembles P. bicampata in having three pso on dorsal head posteriorly, three pso on Abd. IV tergum, two pso on Abd. V tergum and in lacking pso on subcoxa 1 of legs, but it differs P. bicampata in having 1 + 1 pso on Th. II tergum (2 + 2 in P. bicampata), 23–26 vesicles on PAO (29–40 in P. bicampata), 6 proximal chaetae on labium (7 in P. bicampata), s-chaetae well differentiated dorsally (weakly marked in in P. bicampata), 8–9 chaetae on Th. I tergum (13–14 in P. bicampata), the ratio M/sp on Abd. V 3.0–3.2 (1.4–1.6 in P. bicampata), the straight lines passing through the bases of chaetae a 1 and m 1 parallel on Abd. VI tergum (convergent in P. bicampata), male ventral organ present on Abd. VI sternum (absent in P. bicampata), psx absent on Abd. II–IV sterna (present in P. bicampata), s’ absent on Abd. I–III and V (present in P. bicampata), and in lacking the axial chaeta on Abd. IV tergum (present in P. bicampata).

Protaphorura changbaiensis sp. nov. Figs 19���24, 26��� 29 Type material. Holotype female, 7 paratype females and 10 paratype males on slide, China: Jilin: Baishan: Fusong: near Changbai National Forest Park (alt. ca 750 m, 42 �� 24 ��� N, 128 ��06��� E), 10 July 2012, soil, Liu Dong et al. leg. Other material. 5 females and 9 males on slide, China: Jilin: Baishan: Fusong: Manjiang (alt. 850m, 41 �� 57 ��� N, 127 �� 34 ��� E), 0 1 Sept. 2009, soil, Wu Donghui leg. Description. Body color white in alcohol. Size 1.45���1.80 mm in females, 1.30���1.55 mm in males; holotype 1.66 mm. Body slender and elongated. Pseudocellar formula dorsally: 32 /012/ 33232, ventrally: 1 (0)0/000/00000 (Figs 19, 24 & 28); subcoxa 1 of legs with 1, 0, 0 pso respectively. Parapseudocellar formula ventrally: 00/000/ 100000 (Fig. 24); subcoxa 1 of legs without psx. Pseudopores formula dorsally: 00/011/ 111100, ventrally: 00/ 111 /0xxx00 (Figs 19, 24 & 28). Head. Antennae nearly as long as head. Ant. IV with a subapical organite and basolateral ms about 1 / 5 of segment length from base (Fig. 22). Ant. III sensory organ composed of 5 papillae, 5 guard chaetae, 2 small sensory rods, 2 granulated sensory clubs and a lateral ms (Fig. 21). Ant. I with 11 chaetae. Ant. II with 17 chaetae. Antennal bases with distinct granulation. PAO composed of 28���34 simple vesicles (Fig. 20). 4 + 4 p-chaetae between posterior a-pso on head (Fig. 19). Mandible with strong molar plate and 4 apical teeth. Maxilla bearing 3 teeth and 6 lamellae. Maxillary palp simple with 1 basal chaeta and 2 sublobal hairs. Labral chaetae formula 4 / 342. Labium with 7 proximal, 4 basomedian (E, F, G and f) and 6 basolateral chaetae (a, b, c, d, e, e���) (Fig. 28); labial type A, papillae A���E respectively with 1, 4, 0, 3, 3 guard chaetae. Postlabial chaetae 5 + 5 along ventral groove (Fig. 28). Body chaetotaxy. Dorsal chaetotaxy usually with some asymmetry, well differentiated into macro-, meso- and microchaetae. Chaetae s very weakly marked. Th. II���III terga with microsensilla laterally (Fig. 19). Th. I tergum with 10���11 chaetae (chaetotaxy type i 3 -) (Fig. 19). Abd. I���III and V terga without s��� (Fig. 26). Abd. IV tergum without axial chaeta, Abd. V tergum with p0 axial chaeta, Abd. VI tergum with (rarely without) m0 axial chaeta (Fig. 19). Ratio M/sp on Abd. V as 1.8���2.0 (Fig. 27). Straight lines passing through the bases of chaetae a 1 and m 1 parallel on Abd. VI tergum (Fig. 19). Anal spines set on distinct papillae, 0.5 times as long as inner edge of unguis. Th. I���III sterna with 1 + 1, 1 + 1, 2 + 2 chaetae, respectively. Ventral tube with 9 + 9 distal chaetae and 2 + 2 basal chaetae, without anterior chaetae (Fig. 24). Furca reduced to cuticular pocket with 2 + 2 dental chaetae������ 1 + 1 chaetae located on a cuticular fold, remaining 1 + 1 chaetae located distinctly below of fold; three manubrial rows of chaetae present posteriorly to dental chaetae (Fig. 29). Female genital plate with 14���22 chaetae, male genital chaetae plate with 40���44 chaetae. Male ventral organ absent. Anal valves with numerous acuminate chaetae; each lateral valve with a 0, 2a1 and 2 a 2; upper valve with chaetae a 0, 2a1, 2 b 1, 2 b 2, c 0, 2 c 1, 2 c 2 (Fig. 24). Appendages. Subcoxa 1 of legs I���III with 5, 5���6 and 5 chaetae, subcoxa 2 with 1, 5 and 5 chaetae, respectively. Tibiotarsi of legs I���III with 22 (11, 8, 3), 23 (11, 8, 4) and 23 (11, 8, 4) chaetae, respectively. Unguis with small inner denticle. Unguiculus slender and pointed, 1.2 times as long as inner edge of unguis, without inner basal lamella (Fig. 23). Etymology. The name of the new species refers to the mountain range where it was found. Ecology. Found in mixed coniferous and broadleaved forest. Remarks. The new species shares the same pso formula of Abd. I���V terga (33232) as the Crimean species P. ajudagi Pomorski, Skar&zdot;y&nacute;ski & Kaprus���, 1998 and the Mongolian species P. microcellata Dunger, 1978. The new species can be distinguished from P. ajudagi by the absence of a-pso on Th. II tergum (present in P. ajudagi), the pso formula ventrally (1 (0)0/000/00000 in the new species, 11 /000/0001(0)0 in P. ajudagi), the shape of sensory clubs on Ant. III sensory organ (granulated in the new species, smooth in P. ajudagi), the absence of axial chaetae m0 on Abd. IV and V (present in P. ajudagi), the presence of chaetae on Th. I���III sterna (absent in P. ajudagi) and by absence of the male ventral organ (present in P. ajudagi). The new species differs from P. microcellata by absence of a-pso on Th. II tergum (present in P. microcellata), the presence of pso on subcoxa 1 of leg I (absent in P. microcellata), the ratio of unguiculus/unguis (about 1.2 in the new species, about 0.8 in P. microcellata) and the ratio of M/sp on Abd. V tergum (1.8���2.0 in the new species, about 5.0���6.0 in P. microcellata)., Published as part of Sun, Xin, Zhang, Bing & Wu, Donghui, 2013, Two new species and one new country record of Protaphorura Absolon, 1901 (Collembola: Onychiuridae) from northeast China, pp. 207-220 in Zootaxa 3673 (2) on pages 211-215, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3693.2.7, http://zenodo.org/record/219811

Protaphorura nutak (Yosii, 1972) Onychiurus (Protaphorura) longisensillatus nutak Yosii, 1972: 86. Material examined. 2 female and 2 male on slide, China: Heilongjiang province: Maoershan National Forest Park (45 �� 24 ���N, 127 �� 40 ���N), 0 1 June 2013, litter and soil, Gao Meixiang leg.; 2 females on slide, China: Heilongjiang province: Shuangyashan city: Raohe county (46 �� 34 ���N, 133 �� 40 ���N), 18 Sep. 2011, litter and soil, Wu Haitao and Song Lihong leg., Published as part of Sun, Xin, Wu, Donghui & Gao, Meixiang, 2013, Description of the octopunctata - group species of Protaphorura from China (Collembola: Onychiuridae), pp. 363-371 in Zootaxa 3710 (4) on page 370, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3710.4.5, http://zenodo.org/record/221809

Protaphorura jiamusiensis sp. nov. Figs 1���13 Type material. Holotype female, 15 paratypes females and 3 paratypes males on slides. China: Heilongjiang: Jiamusi (46 �� 51 ��� N, 130 �� 29 ��� E), 0 7 Aug. 2010, litter and soil, Wu Donghui et al. leg. Description. Body color white in alcohol. Size 1.25���1.40 mm in females, 1.05���1.15 mm in males; holotype 1.40 mm. Body slender and elongated. Pseudocellar formula dorsally: 43 /023/ 33353, ventrally: 1 /000/00000 (Figs 1 & 7); subcoxa 1 of legs with 1,1, 1 pso respectively. Parapseudocellar formula ventrally: 1 /000/ 111101m (Fig. 7); subcoxa 1 of legs with 1, 1, 1 psx respectively. Pseudopores formula dorsally: 00/011/ 111100, ventrally: 0/ 111 /01m 1m 1m 0 0 (Figs 1 & 7). Head. Antennae nearly as long as head. Ant. IV with a subapical organite and basolateral ms about 1 / 4 of segment length from base (Fig. 5). Ant. III sensory organ composed of 5 papillae, 5 guard chaetae, 2 small sensory rods, 2 granulated sensory clubs and a lateral ms (Fig. 4). Ant. I with 10���11 chaetae. Ant. II with 15���17 chaetae. Antennal bases with distinct granulation. PAO composed of 16���22 simple vesicles (Fig. 2). 4 + 4 p-chaetae between postero-internal pso on head (Fig. 1). Mandible with strong molar plate and 4 apical teeth. Maxilla bearing 3 teeth and 6 lamellae. Maxillary palp simple with 1 basal chaeta and 2 sublobal hairs. Labral chaetae formula 4 / 342. Labium with 6 proximal, 4 basomedian (E, F, G and f) and 6 basolateral chaetae (a, b, c, d, e, e���) (Fig. 8); labial type A, papillae A���E respectively with 1, 4, 0, 3, 3 guard chaetae (Fig. 3). Postlabial chaetae 5 (6)+ 5 along ventral groove (Fig. 8). Body chaetotaxy. Dorsal chaetotaxy usually with some asymmetry, well differentiated into macro-, meso- and microchaetae. Chaetae s very weakly marked. Th. II���III terga with ms laterally (Fig. 1). Th. I tergum with 9���12 chaetae (Figs 1 & 10). Abd. I���III and V terga without s��� (Fig. 1). Abd. IV tergum with m0 axial chaeta, Abd. V tergum with m0 and p0 axial chaeta, Abd. VI tergum with m0 axial chaeta (Figs 1 & 11). Ratio M/sp on Abd. V as 1.3���1.4 (Fig. 11). Straight lines passing through the bases of chaetae a 1 and m 1 subparallel on Abd. VI tergum (Fig. 11). Th. I���III sterna with 1 + 1, 2 + 2, 2 + 2 chaetae, respectively. Ventral tube with 8���11 + 8���11 distal chaetae and 2 + 2 basal chaetae, without anterior chaetae. Furca reduced to cuticular pocket with 2 + 2 dental chaetae������ 1 + 1 chaetae located on a cuticular fold, remaining 1 + 1 chaetae located distinctly below of fold; three manubrial rows of chaetae present posteriorly to dental chaetae (Fig. 9). Female genital plate with 12���19 chaetae, male genital chaetae plate with 26���35 chaetae. Male ventral organ absent. Anal valves with numerous acuminate chaetae; each lateral valve with a 0, 2a1 and 2 a 2; upper valve with chaetae a 0, 2a1, 2 b 1, 2 b 2, c 0, 2 c 1, 2 c 2 (Fig. 12). Appendages. Subcoxa 1 of legs I���III with 4���5, 6 ��� 7 and 5���6 chaetae, subcoxa 2 with 1, 5 and 5���6 chaetae, respectively. Tibiotarsi of legs I���III with 22 (11, 8, 3), 20 (11, 8, 1) and 22���23 (11, 8, 3���4) chaetae, respectively. Unguis with or without small inner denticle (Figs 6 & 13). Unguiculus slender and pointed, as long as inner edge of unguis, without inner basal lamella (Figs 6 & 13). Anal spines set on distinct papillae, 0.9 times as long as inner edge of unguis. Etymology. The name of the new species refers to the city where it was found. Ecology. Found under the willows along the road. Remarks. The new species is similar to the littoral species P. macfadyeni (Gisin, 1953) as having the pso formula dorsally 43 /023/ 33353 (one form of the dorsal pso formula in P. macfadyeni), one pso on each subcoxae 1 and the psx formula ventrally 1 /000/ 111101m. But they can be separated by the number of pso on Abd. I���III terga (stable in P. jiamusiensis sp. nov. and variable in P. macfadyeni), the number of vesicles on PAO (16���22 in P. jiamusiensis sp. nov. and 26���30 in P. macfadyeni), the number of chaetae on Th. I tergum (9���12 in P. jiamusiensis sp. nov. and 15���16 in P. macfadyeni), the ratio of M/sp on Abd. V tergum (1.3���1.4 in P. jiamusiensis sp. nov. and 2.1 in P. macfadyeni) and the chaetae on Th. I���III sterna between legs (1 + 1, 2 + 2, 2 + 2 in P. jiamusiensis sp. nov. and 0+ 0, 2 + 2, 3 + 3 in P. macfadyeni). The new species comparing with the Siberian species P. elenae Kaprus��� & Pomorski, 2008, P. licheniphila Kaprus��� & Pomorski, 2008, P. merita Kaprus��� & Pomorski, 2008 and P. nazarovensis Kaprus��� & Pomorski, 2008 are shown in Table 1., Published as part of Sun, Xin, Wu, Donghui & Gao, Meixiang, 2013, Description of the octopunctata - group species of Protaphorura from China (Collembola: Onychiuridae), pp. 363-371 in Zootaxa 3710 (4) on pages 364-367, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3710.4.5, http://zenodo.org/record/221809

Sun, Xin, Zhang, Bing, Wu, Donghui (2013): Two new species and one new country record of Protaphorura Absolon, 1901 (Collembola: Onychiuridae) from northeast China. Zootaxa 3673 (2): 207-220, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3693.2.7

Protaphorura changbaiensis sp. nov. Figs 19–24, 26– 29 Type material. Holotype female, 7 paratype females and 10 paratype males on slide, China: Jilin: Baishan: Fusong: near Changbai National Forest Park (alt. ca 750 m, 42 ° 24 ’ N, 128 °06’ E), 10 July 2012, soil, Liu Dong et al. leg. Other material. 5 females and 9 males on slide, China: Jilin: Baishan: Fusong: Manjiang (alt. 850m, 41 ° 57 ’ N, 127 ° 34 ’ E), 0 1 Sept. 2009, soil, Wu Donghui leg. Description. Body color white in alcohol. Size 1.45–1.80 mm in females, 1.30–1.55 mm in males; holotype 1.66 mm. Body slender and elongated. Pseudocellar formula dorsally: 32 /012/ 33232, ventrally: 1 (0)0/000/00000 (Figs 19, 24 & 28); subcoxa 1 of legs with 1, 0, 0 pso respectively. Parapseudocellar formula ventrally: 00/000/ 100000 (Fig. 24); subcoxa 1 of legs without psx. Pseudopores formula dorsally: 00/011/ 111100, ventrally: 00/ 111 /0xxx00 (Figs 19, 24 & 28). Head. Antennae nearly as long as head. Ant. IV with a subapical organite and basolateral ms about 1 / 5 of segment length from base (Fig. 22). Ant. III sensory organ composed of 5 papillae, 5 guard chaetae, 2 small sensory rods, 2 granulated sensory clubs and a lateral ms (Fig. 21). Ant. I with 11 chaetae. Ant. II with 17 chaetae. Antennal bases with distinct granulation. PAO composed of 28–34 simple vesicles (Fig. 20). 4 + 4 p-chaetae between posterior a-pso on head (Fig. 19). Mandible with strong molar plate and 4 apical teeth. Maxilla bearing 3 teeth and 6 lamellae. Maxillary palp simple with 1 basal chaeta and 2 sublobal hairs. Labral chaetae formula 4 / 342. Labium with 7 proximal, 4 basomedian (E, F, G and f) and 6 basolateral chaetae (a, b, c, d, e, e’) (Fig. 28); labial type A, papillae A–E respectively with 1, 4, 0, 3, 3 guard chaetae. Postlabial chaetae 5 + 5 along ventral groove (Fig. 28). Body chaetotaxy. Dorsal chaetotaxy usually with some asymmetry, well differentiated into macro-, meso- and microchaetae. Chaetae s very weakly marked. Th. II–III terga with microsensilla laterally (Fig. 19). Th. I tergum with 10–11 chaetae (chaetotaxy type i 3 -) (Fig. 19). Abd. I–III and V terga without s’ (Fig. 26). Abd. IV tergum without axial chaeta, Abd. V tergum with p0 axial chaeta, Abd. VI tergum with (rarely without) m0 axial chaeta (Fig. 19). Ratio M/sp on Abd. V as 1.8–2.0 (Fig. 27). Straight lines passing through the bases of chaetae a 1 and m 1 parallel on Abd. VI tergum (Fig. 19). Anal spines set on distinct papillae, 0.5 times as long as inner edge of unguis. Th. I–III sterna with 1 + 1, 1 + 1, 2 + 2 chaetae, respectively. Ventral tube with 9 + 9 distal chaetae and 2 + 2 basal chaetae, without anterior chaetae (Fig. 24). Furca reduced to cuticular pocket with 2 + 2 dental chaetae–– 1 + 1 chaetae located on a cuticular fold, remaining 1 + 1 chaetae located distinctly below of fold; three manubrial rows of chaetae present posteriorly to dental chaetae (Fig. 29). Female genital plate with 14–22 chaetae, male genital chaetae plate with 40–44 chaetae. Male ventral organ absent. Anal valves with numerous acuminate chaetae; each lateral valve with a 0, 2a1 and 2 a 2; upper valve with chaetae a 0, 2a1, 2 b 1, 2 b 2, c 0, 2 c 1, 2 c 2 (Fig. 24). Appendages. Subcoxa 1 of legs I–III with 5, 5–6 and 5 chaetae, subcoxa 2 with 1, 5 and 5 chaetae, respectively. Tibiotarsi of legs I–III with 22 (11, 8, 3), 23 (11, 8, 4) and 23 (11, 8, 4) chaetae, respectively. Unguis with small inner denticle. Unguiculus slender and pointed, 1.2 times as long as inner edge of unguis, without inner basal lamella (Fig. 23). Etymology. The name of the new species refers to the mountain range where it was found. Ecology. Found in mixed coniferous and broadleaved forest. Remarks. The new species shares the same pso formula of Abd. I–V terga (33232) as the Crimean species P. ajudagi Pomorski, Skar&zdot;y&nacute;ski & Kaprus’, 1998 and the Mongolian species P. microcellata Dunger, 1978. The new species can be distinguished from P. ajudagi by the absence of a-pso on Th. II tergum (present in P. ajudagi), the pso formula ventrally (1 (0)0/000/00000 in the new species, 11 /000/0001(0)0 in P. ajudagi), the shape of sensory clubs on Ant. III sensory organ (granulated in the new species, smooth in P. ajudagi), the absence of axial chaetae m0 on Abd. IV and V (present in P. ajudagi), the presence of chaetae on Th. I–III sterna (absent in P. ajudagi) and by absence of the male ventral organ (present in P. ajudagi). The new species differs from P. microcellata by absence of a-pso on Th. II tergum (present in P. microcellata), the presence of pso on subcoxa 1 of leg I (absent in P. microcellata), the ratio of unguiculus/unguis (about 1.2 in the new species, about 0.8 in P. microcellata) and the ratio of M/sp on Abd. V tergum (1.8–2.0 in the new species, about 5.0–6.0 in P. microcellata).

Protaphorura minima sp. nov. Figs 35���46 Type material. Holotype female, 16 paratype females and 6 paratype males on slides, China: Heilongjiang: Tongjiang: Honghe (47 �� 35 ��� N, 133 �� 31 ��� E), 27 Aug. 2010, litter and soil, Wu Donghui et al. leg. Description. Body color white in alcohol. Size 1.0���1.35 mm in females, 0.9���1.0 mm in males; holotype 1.0 mm. Body slender and elongated. Pseudocellar formula dorsally: 33 /012/ 33332, absent ventrally (Figs 35 & 37); subcoxa 1 of legs without pso. Parapseudocellar formula ventrally: 00/000/ 100000; subcoxa 1 of legs without psx. Pseudopores formula dorsally: 00/011/ 111100, ventrally: 00/ 111 /00xx00 (Figs 35, 37 & 40). Head. Antennae nearly as long as head. Ant. IV with a subapical organite and basolateral ms about 1 / 3 of segment length from base. Ant. III sensory organ composed of 5 papillae, 5 guard chaetae, 2 small sensory rods, 2 granulated sensory clubs and a lateral ms. Ant. I with 11 chaetae. Ant. II with 17 chaetae. Antennal bases with distinct granulation. PAO composed of 21���26 simple vesicles (Fig. 36). 4 + 4 p-chaetae between posterior a-pso on head (Fig. 35). Mandible with strong molar plate and 4 apical teeth. Maxilla bearing 3 teeth and 6 lamellae. Maxillary palp simple with 1 basal chaeta and 2 sublobal hairs. Labral chaetae formula 4 / 342. Labium with 6 proximal, 4 basomedian (E, F, G and f) and 6 basolateral chaetae (a, b, c, d, e, e���) (Fig. 37); labial type A, papillae A���E respectively with 1, 4, 0, 3, 3 guard chaetae. Postlabial chaetae 5 (4)+ 5 along ventral groove (Fig. 37). Body chaetotaxy. Dorsal chaetotaxy usually with some asymmetry, well differentiated into macro-, meso- and microchaetae. Chaetae s well differentiated dorsally, formula 11 /011/ 222120; weakly marked ventrally (Figs 35 & 37). Th. II���III terga with microsensilla laterally. Th. I tergum with 7���9 chaetae (chaetotaxy type - 2 - or - 1 -) (Figs 35, 38 & 39). Abd. I���III and V terga without s��� (Figs 35 & 43). Abd. IV tergum without axial chaeta, Abd. V tergum with p0 axial chaeta, Abd. VI tergum with m0 axial chaeta (Fig. 35). Ratio M/sp on Abd. V 3.0���3.2 (Fig. 44). Straight lines passing through bases of chaetae a 1 and m 1 parallel on Abd. VI tergum (Fig. 35). Anal spines set on distinct papillae, 0.4 times as long as inner edge of unguis. Th. I���III sterna with 1 + 1, 1 + 1, 1 + 1 chaetae, respectively. Ventral tube with 8���9 + 8���9 distal chaetae and 1 + 1 basal chaetae, without anterior chaetae. Furca reduced to cuticular pocket with 2 + 2 dental chaetae������ 1 + 1 chaetae located on a cuticular fold, remaining 1 + 1 chaetae located distinctly below fold; three manubrial rows of chaetae present posteriorly to dental chaetae (Fig. 40). Female genital plate with 14���20 chaetae (Fig. 41), male genital plate with 30���34 chaetae (Fig. 42). Male ventral organ present on Abd. VI sternum, bearing two brush-shaped chaetae on each anal valve (Fig. 45). Anal valves with numerous acuminate chaetae; each lateral valve with a 0, 2a1 and a 2; upper valve with chaetae a 0, 2a1, 2 b 1, 2 b 2, c 0, 2 c 1, 2 c 2 (Fig. 46). Appendages. Subcoxa 1 of legs I���III with 4, 4 and 4 chaetae, subcoxa 2 with 1, 4 and 4 chaetae, respectively. Tibiotarsi of legs I���III with 22 (11, 8, 3), 21 (11, 8, 2) and 23 (11, 8, 4) chaetae, respectively. Unguis with small inner denticle. Unguiculus slender and pointed, 1.2 times as long as inner edge of unguis, without inner basal lamella. Etymology. The name of the new species refers to its small body size. Ecology. Found under a pine tree in the Sanjiang Experimental Station of Wetland Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences. Remarks. The new species is particular in having the male ventral organ on Abd. VI sternum (two brushshaped chaetae on each anal valve). Among other species of the genus Protaphorura, P. ajudagi, P. christiani Pomorski, Leithner & Bruckner, 2003, P. januarii (Weiner, 1977), P. kopetdagi Pomorski, 1994, P. s t i r i a c a (Stach, 1946) and P. stogovi Pomorski, 1993 also have the male ventral organ, but they can be easily separated by the combined characters in Table 1. The new species resembles P. bicampata in having three pso on dorsal head posteriorly, three pso on Abd. IV tergum, two pso on Abd. V tergum and in lacking pso on subcoxa 1 of legs, but it differs P. bicampata in having 1 + 1 pso on Th. II tergum (2 + 2 in P. bicampata), 23���26 vesicles on PAO (29���40 in P. bicampata), 6 proximal chaetae on labium (7 in P. bicampata), s-chaetae well differentiated dorsally (weakly marked in in P. bicampata), 8���9 chaetae on Th. I tergum (13���14 in P. bicampata), the ratio M/sp on Abd. V 3.0���3.2 (1.4���1.6 in P. bicampata), the straight lines passing through the bases of chaetae a 1 and m 1 parallel on Abd. VI tergum (convergent in P. bicampata), male ventral organ present on Abd. VI sternum (absent in P. bicampata), psx absent on Abd. II���IV sterna (present in P. bicampata), s��� absent on Abd. I���III and V (present in P. bicampata), and in lacking the axial chaeta on Abd. IV tergum (present in P. bicampata)., Published as part of Sun, Xin, Zhang, Bing & Wu, Donghui, 2013, Two new species and one new country record of Protaphorura Absolon, 1901 (Collembola: Onychiuridae) from northeast China, pp. 207-220 in Zootaxa 3673 (2) on page 217, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3693.2.7, http://zenodo.org/record/219811

Sun, Xin, Wu, Donghui, Gao, Meixiang (2013): Description of the octopunctata - group species of Protaphorura from China (Collembola: Onychiuridae). Zootaxa 3710 (4): 363-371, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3710.4.5

Suctobelbella triangulata sp. nov. (Figs. 1 - 9) Material examined: Holotype: adult (in alcohol, LD- 10-270), China: Heilongjiang Province, Shuangyashan City, Baoqing County, Bawusan Farm (46 ° 30 ' 30.76 "N, 133 ° 15 '18.00"E), from litter, 142 m a.s.l., 16 Aug., 2010, leg. Dong Liu and Donghui Wu. Paratypes: 2 adults (in alcohol, LD- 10-277), same data as holotype, from litter under poplar tree; 4 adults (in alcohol, LD- 10-199), same data as holotype. Etymology. The new specific name “ triangulata ” is from Latin and refers to the shape of lamellar knob. Measurements: Holotype: length of body: 280, width of body: 155, length of prodorsum: 115, width of prodorsum: 102. Surface of prodorsum covered with many tubercles except tectopedial fields smooth; rostral apex medially concaved with a long, slender and acute tooth bilaterally (directed downwards, not projecting distinctly beyond rostral apex in dorsal view), followed by two large rostral teeth: 1 st one thick and slightly rounded, 2 nd one smaller, slender and acute; tectopedial fields elongate oval in shape, with irregular inner margin and opened anterior margin; lamellar knob developed and triangular in shape; interbothridial fields and bothridial lobes distinct; sensilla with long stalk and short spindle-shaped head; the head pointed at tip, with bristles densely on outer edge; rostral setae geniculate and ciliated on the basalin the basal half; lamellar setae thin and medium long, directed forward; interlamellar and exobothridial setae short and fine. Notogaster oval in shape; notogastral condyles large and triangular, co.nl slightly smaller, connected with co.nm basally; nine pairs of notogastral setae present, smooth, long setiform and gently curved; all setae nearly same length except for h 1, p 1, p 2 which are short; setae c far from the posterior margin of co.nl; setae la inserted at the level between c and lm, more close to setae c; setae lm not reaching the insertion of setae lp. Epimeral borders not touching medially, epimeral cavity indistinct; epimeral setae short and fine, no essential difference among them; epimeral formula: 3 - 1 - 2 - 3; six pairs of genital setae present, g 1 longer than the rest setae, setae g 5 and g 6 situated closely at a middle portion along the width of plate, setae g 1 to g 4 converging anteriorly to inner margin; one pair of aggenital setae present, arising far laterally; three pairs of adanal setae and two pairs of anal setae present; setae ad 1 inserted at the level between setae an 1 and an 2; lyrifissures iad paraanal near anal anterior margin; relative length of setal intervals: ag - ag > ad 2 - ad 2 > ad 3 - ad 3 ≈ ad 1 - ad 1. Setae h of mentum shorter than distance between them; setal counts for leg segments: I: 1 - 4 - 2 (1)- 4 (2)- 18 (2); II: 1 - 4 - 1 (1)- 4 (1)- 14 (2), III: 2 - 3 - 1 (1)- 2 (1)- 14, IV: 1 - 2 - 1 - 2 (1)- 9; all legs monodactylous. Distribution. Known only from the type locality. Remark. This new species is similar to Suctobelbella prominens (Moritz, 1966) in the presence of similar shape of closely adjacent rostral teeth, spindle-shaped ciliated sensilla, and similar size of the body and notogastral setae, but can be easily distinguished from the latter species by following characters: only two rostral teeth present; lamellar knob triangular in shape; rostrum slightly narrower; the head of sensilla without terminal spine; tectopedial fields opened anteriorly; co.nl large, connected with co.nm basally.

Suctobelbella obtusa sp. nov. (Figs. 10 - 16) Material examined: Holotype: adult (in alcohol, LD- 10-86), China: Heilongjiang Province, Jiamusi City, Tongjiang County, Honghe Nature Reserve (47 �� 47 ' 37.24 "N, 133 �� 41 ' 9.92 "E), from litter under Quercus mongolica, 25 m a.s.l., 26 Aug., 2010, leg. Dong Liu and Donghui Wu. Paratypes: 5 adults (in alcohol, LD- 10-83), same data as holotype. Etymology. The new specific name ��� obtusa ��� is from Latin and refers to the obtuse tip of notogastral condyles. Measurements: Holotype: length of body: 236, width of body: 125, length of prodorsum: 95, width of prodorsum: 76. Surface of prodorsum covered with many tubercles except tectopedial fields smooth; rostral apex widely rounded and concave dorsally, followed by one pair of large and rounded rostral teeth; tectopedial fields with irregular inner margin, elongate oval in shape and acute anteriorly; lamellar knob comparatively large, rather rounded, but narrow and truncate anteriorly; interbothridial fields long and ribbon-like, connected with lamellar knob; bothridial lobes distinct; sensilla with thick stalk and spindle-shaped head; the head sharply pointed at tip as spine, with bristles densely on outer edge; head and stalk nearly of same length; rostral setae geniculate and ciliated on the basalin the basal half; lamellar setae medium long and thin, directed forward; interlamellar and exobothridial setae short and fine. Notogaster oval in shape; notogastral condyles conspicuously large with obtuse tips, co.nl slightly slender, connected with co.nm; nine pairs of notogastral setae present, smooth, long setiform and gently curved; all setae nearly same length except for h 1, p 1, p 2 which are short; setae c reach the posterior margin of co.nl; setae la inserted at the level between c and lm; setae lm not reaching the insertion of setae lp. Epimeral borders not touching medially, epimeral cavity observed; epimeral setae short and fine, no essential difference among them; epimeral formula: 3 ��� 1 - 2 - 3; six pairs of genital setae present, g 1 longer than the rest setae, setae g 5 and g 6 situated closely at a middle portion along the width of plate, setae g 1 to g 4 converging anteriorly to inner margin; one pair of aggenital setae present, arising far laterally; three pairs of adanal setae and two pairs of anal setae present; setae ad 1 inserted at the level between setae an 1 and an 2; lyrifissures iad paraanal near anal anterior margin; relative length of setal intervals: ag - ag > ad 2 - ad 2 > ad 3 - ad 3 ��� ad 1 - ad 1. Setae h of mentum shorter than distance between them; setal counts for leg segments: I: 1���4 - 2 (1)- 4 (2)- 19 (2); II: 1 - 4 - 2 (1)- 4 (1)- 14 (2), III: 2 - 3 - 1 (1)- 2 (1)- 14, IV: 1 - 2 - 1 - 3 (1)- 10; all legs monodactylous. Distribution. Known only from the type locality. Remark. This new species is primarily characterized by the widely and dorsally concave rostral apex, with one pair of rounded rostral teeth. It is also well characterized by the shape of lamellar knob and ribbon-like interbothridial fields, conspicuously large and connected notogastral condyles. These and some other characteristics are unique in the genus Suctobelbella., Published as part of Liu, Dong & Wu, Donghui, 2013, Three new species of the genus Suctobelbella (Acari: Oribatida: Suctobelbidae) from Sanjiang Plain, Northeast China, pp. 131-138 in Zootaxa 3637 (2) on pages 132-135, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3637.2.4, http://zenodo.org/record/219568

Key to species of Suctobelbella reported from China 1 Head of sensilla slender................................................................................. 2 - Head of sensilla obviously dilated, flat, disk-, ellipse- or spindle-shaped.......................................... 3 2 Rostrum with three pairs of lateral teeth; head of sensilla terminates as a thin thread.......... S. elegantula (Hammer, 1958) - Rostrum with one pair of lateral teeth; head of sensilla not terminates as a thin thread............. S. sanjiangensis sp. nov. 3 Head of sensilla flat, disk-, or ellipse-shaped................................................................ 4 - Head of sensilla spindle-shaped.......................................................................... 5 4 Rostrum with two rostral teeth at each side; setae c thick and barbed at distal half................... S. sinica Wen, 1997 - Rostrum with three rostral teeth at each side; setae c short and thin...................... S. variosetosa (Hammer, 1961) 5 Notogastral setae leaf-shaped............................................... S. frondosa Aoki & Fukuyama, 1976 - Notogastral setae setiform............................................................................... 6 6 Rostrum with acute apex.......................................................... S. conica Zhao & Wen, 1993 - Rostrum with medially concave or rounded apex............................................................. 7 7 Rostral apex medially concave........................................................................... 8 - Rostral apex rounded.................................................................................. 10 8 Head of sensilla smooth......................................................... S. singularis (Strenzke, 1950) - Head of sensilla ciliated................................................................................ 9 9 Rostrum with one rostral tooth at each side; tectopedial fields narrow and closed anteriorly.............. S. obtusa sp. nov. - Rostrum with two rostral teeth at each side; tectopedial fields broad and opened anteriorly........... S. triangulata sp. nov. 10 co.nl separated from co.nm basally; posterior margin of co.nl nearly reaches the insertion of setae c................................................................................................ S. dispersosetosa Hammer, 1979 - co.nl connected with co.nm basally; posterior margin of co.nl far from the insertion of setae c.......... S. laiae Tseng, 1982, Published as part of Liu, Dong & Wu, Donghui, 2013, Three new species of the genus Suctobelbella (Acari: Oribatida: Suctobelbidae) from Sanjiang Plain, Northeast China, pp. 131-138 in Zootaxa 3637 (2) on page 137, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3637.2.4, http://zenodo.org/record/219568, {"references":["Hammer, M. (1958) Investigations on the oribatid fauna of the Andes Moutains. I. The Argentine and Bolivia. Det Kongelige Danske Videnskabernes Selskab, Biologiske Skrifter, 10 (1), 1 - 129.","Wen, Z. G. (1997) Two new species of Suctobelbid mites from China (Acari: Oribatida: Suctobelbidae). Journal of Norman Bethune University of Medical Science, 23 (2), 125 - 127. [In Chinese]","Hammer, M. (1961) Investigations on the Oribatid fauna of the Andes Mountains. II. Peru. Det Kongelige Danske Videnskabernes Selskab, Biologiske Skrifter, 13 (1), 1 - 157.","Aoki, J. & Fukuyama, K. (1976) A peculiar new species of the genus Suctobelbella (Acari, Oribatida) from Japan. Annotationes Zoologicae Japonenses, 49 (3), 209 - 212.","Zhao, J. & Wen, Z. G. (1993) Two new species of oribatid mites from Jilin Province, China. Journal of Norman Bethune University of Medical Sciences, 19 (1), 45 - 47. [In Chinese]","Strenzke, K. (1950) Die norddeutschen Arten der Oribatiden-Gattung Suctobelba. Zoologischer Anzeiger, 147, 147 - 165.","Hammer, M. (1979) Investigations on the oribatid fauna of Java. Det Kongelige Danske Videnskabernes Selskab, Biologiske Skrifter, 22 (9), 1 - 79.","Tseng, Y. H. (1982) Taxonomical study of oribatid mites from Taiwan (Acarina: Astigmata) (I). Chinese Journal of Entomology, 2 (1), 53 - 106."]}

Suctobelbella sanjiangensis sp. nov. (Figs. 17 - 23) Material examined: Holotype: adult (in alcohol, LD- 10-124), China: Heilongjiang Province, Jiamusi City, Fuyuan County (48 �� 21 ' 41.52 "N, 134 �� 17 ' 10.52 "E), from litter under Betula platyphylla, 87 m a.s.l., 10 Aug., 2010, leg. Dong Liu and Donghui Wu. Paratypes: 6 adults (in alcohol, LD- 10-137), same data as holotype. Etymology. The new specific name ��� sanjiangensis ��� refers to the type locality, Sanjiang Plain. Measurements: Holotype: length of body: 195, width of body: 102, length of prodorsum: 80, width of prodorsum: 72. Rostral apex smooth and rounded; one pair of large and acute rostral teeth present; tectopedial fields with irregular inner margin, oval in shape and closed anteriorly; lamellar knob comparatively large and triangular in shape; interbothridial fields arcuate and bothridial lobes distinct; head of sensilla long and slender, with many bristles on outer margin; rostral setae geniculate and ciliated in the basal half; lamellar setae medium long and thin, directed forward; interlamellar and exobothridial setae short and fine. Notogaster oval in shape; notogastral condyles small and triangular, co.nl smaller, separated from co.nm; nine pairs of notogastral setae present, short, rigid and smooth; all setae nearly same length; setae c close to the posterior margin of co.nl; notogastral setae thin, straight, short (at least twice shorter than the distance to the next row), setae la inserted nearly at the level lm, far from setae c; a median notogastral light spot found at the level of setae c. Epimeral borders not touching medially, epimeral cavity observed; epimeral setae short and fine, no essential difference among them; epimeral formula: 3 - 1 - 2 - 3; six pairs of genital setae present, g 1 longer than the rest setae, setae g 5 and g 6 situated closely at a middle portion along the width of plate, setae g 1 to g 4 converging anteriorly to inner margin; one pair of aggenital setae present, arising far laterally; three pairs of adanal setae and two pairs of anal setae present; setae ad 1 inserted at the level between setae an 1 and an 2; lyrifissures iad paraanal near anal anterior margin; relative length of setal intervals: ag - ag > ad 2 - ad 2 > ad 3 - ad 3 ��� ad 1 - ad 1. Setae h of mentum shorter than distance between them; setal counts for leg segments: I: 1 - 4 - 2 (1)- 4 (2)- 18 (2); II: 1 - 4 - 2 (1)- 4 (1)- 14 (2), III: 2 - 3 - 1 (1)- 2 (1)- 14, IV: 1 - 2 - 1 - 2 (1)- 10; all legs monodactylous. Distribution. Known only from the type locality. Remark. This new species is similar to Suctobelbella elegantula (Hammer, 1958) in the presence of short notogastral setae and setae c close to the posterior margin of co.nl, but differs from the latter species by following characters: In S. sanjiangensis sp. nov., rostral apex with one pair of large and acute rostral teeth; rostral surface smooth; head of sensilla pointed at end. In S. elegantula, rostral apex with three pairs of rostral teeth; rostral surface granulated; head of sensilla terminates as a thin thread. In addition, these two species differ from each other by slightly different shape of external notogastral condyles., Published as part of Liu, Dong & Wu, Donghui, 2013, Three new species of the genus Suctobelbella (Acari: Oribatida: Suctobelbidae) from Sanjiang Plain, Northeast China, pp. 131-138 in Zootaxa 3637 (2) on page 135, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3637.2.4, http://zenodo.org/record/219568, {"references":["Hammer, M. (1958) Investigations on the oribatid fauna of the Andes Moutains. I. The Argentine and Bolivia. Det Kongelige Danske Videnskabernes Selskab, Biologiske Skrifter, 10 (1), 1 - 129."]}

Key to species of Suctobelbella reported from China 1 Head of sensilla slender................................................................................. 2 - Head of sensilla obviously dilated, flat, disk-, ellipse- or spindle-shaped.......................................... 3 2 Rostrum with three pairs of lateral teeth; head of sensilla terminates as a thin thread.......... S. elegantula (Hammer, 1958) - Rostrum with one pair of lateral teeth; head of sensilla not terminates as a thin thread............. S. sanjiangensis sp. nov. 3 Head of sensilla flat, disk-, or ellipse-shaped................................................................ 4 - Head of sensilla spindle-shaped.......................................................................... 5 4 Rostrum with two rostral teeth at each side; setae c thick and barbed at distal half................... S. sinica Wen, 1997 - Rostrum with three rostral teeth at each side; setae c short and thin...................... S. variosetosa (Hammer, 1961) 5 Notogastral setae leaf-shaped............................................... S. frondosa Aoki & Fukuyama, 1976 - Notogastral setae setiform............................................................................... 6 6 Rostrum with acute apex.......................................................... S. conica Zhao & Wen, 1993 - Rostrum with medially concave or rounded apex............................................................. 7 7 Rostral apex medially concave........................................................................... 8 - Rostral apex rounded.................................................................................. 10 8 Head of sensilla smooth......................................................... S. singularis (Strenzke, 1950) - Head of sensilla ciliated................................................................................ 9 9 Rostrum with one rostral tooth at each side; tectopedial fields narrow and closed anteriorly.............. S. obtusa sp. nov. - Rostrum with two rostral teeth at each side; tectopedial fields broad and opened anteriorly........... S. triangulata sp. nov. 10 co.nl separated from co.nm basally; posterior margin of co.nl nearly reaches the insertion of setae c................................................................................................ S. dispersosetosa Hammer, 1979 - co.nl connected with co.nm basally; posterior margin of co.nl far from the insertion of setae c.......... S. laiae Tseng, 1982

Suctobelbella triangulata sp. nov. (Figs. 1 - 9) Material examined: Holotype: adult (in alcohol, LD- 10-270), China: Heilongjiang Province, Shuangyashan City, Baoqing County, Bawusan Farm (46 �� 30 ' 30.76 "N, 133 �� 15 '18.00"E), from litter, 142 m a.s.l., 16 Aug., 2010, leg. Dong Liu and Donghui Wu. Paratypes: 2 adults (in alcohol, LD- 10-277), same data as holotype, from litter under poplar tree; 4 adults (in alcohol, LD- 10-199), same data as holotype. Etymology. The new specific name ��� triangulata ��� is from Latin and refers to the shape of lamellar knob. Measurements: Holotype: length of body: 280, width of body: 155, length of prodorsum: 115, width of prodorsum: 102. Surface of prodorsum covered with many tubercles except tectopedial fields smooth; rostral apex medially concaved with a long, slender and acute tooth bilaterally (directed downwards, not projecting distinctly beyond rostral apex in dorsal view), followed by two large rostral teeth: 1 st one thick and slightly rounded, 2 nd one smaller, slender and acute; tectopedial fields elongate oval in shape, with irregular inner margin and opened anterior margin; lamellar knob developed and triangular in shape; interbothridial fields and bothridial lobes distinct; sensilla with long stalk and short spindle-shaped head; the head pointed at tip, with bristles densely on outer edge; rostral setae geniculate and ciliated on the basalin the basal half; lamellar setae thin and medium long, directed forward; interlamellar and exobothridial setae short and fine. Notogaster oval in shape; notogastral condyles large and triangular, co.nl slightly smaller, connected with co.nm basally; nine pairs of notogastral setae present, smooth, long setiform and gently curved; all setae nearly same length except for h 1, p 1, p 2 which are short; setae c far from the posterior margin of co.nl; setae la inserted at the level between c and lm, more close to setae c; setae lm not reaching the insertion of setae lp. Epimeral borders not touching medially, epimeral cavity indistinct; epimeral setae short and fine, no essential difference among them; epimeral formula: 3 - 1 - 2 - 3; six pairs of genital setae present, g 1 longer than the rest setae, setae g 5 and g 6 situated closely at a middle portion along the width of plate, setae g 1 to g 4 converging anteriorly to inner margin; one pair of aggenital setae present, arising far laterally; three pairs of adanal setae and two pairs of anal setae present; setae ad 1 inserted at the level between setae an 1 and an 2; lyrifissures iad paraanal near anal anterior margin; relative length of setal intervals: ag - ag > ad 2 - ad 2 > ad 3 - ad 3 ��� ad 1 - ad 1. Setae h of mentum shorter than distance between them; setal counts for leg segments: I: 1 - 4 - 2 (1)- 4 (2)- 18 (2); II: 1 - 4 - 1 (1)- 4 (1)- 14 (2), III: 2 - 3 - 1 (1)- 2 (1)- 14, IV: 1 - 2 - 1 - 2 (1)- 9; all legs monodactylous. Distribution. Known only from the type locality. Remark. This new species is similar to Suctobelbella prominens (Moritz, 1966) in the presence of similar shape of closely adjacent rostral teeth, spindle-shaped ciliated sensilla, and similar size of the body and notogastral setae, but can be easily distinguished from the latter species by following characters: only two rostral teeth present; lamellar knob triangular in shape; rostrum slightly narrower; the head of sensilla without terminal spine; tectopedial fields opened anteriorly; co.nl large, connected with co.nm basally., Published as part of Liu, Dong & Wu, Donghui, 2013, Three new species of the genus Suctobelbella (Acari: Oribatida: Suctobelbidae) from Sanjiang Plain, Northeast China, pp. 131-138 in Zootaxa 3637 (2) on pages 131-132, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3637.2.4, http://zenodo.org/record/219568, {"references":["Moritz, M. (1966) Neue Oribatiden (Acari) aus Deutschland III. Suctobelba carcharodon n. sp. und Suctobelba prominens n. sp. Zoologischer Anzeiger, 177, 276 - 282."]}

Liu, Dong, Wu, Donghui (2013): Three new species of the genus Suctobelbella (Acari: Oribatida: Suctobelbidae) from Sanjiang Plain, Northeast China. Zootaxa 3637 (2): 131-138, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3637.2.4

Key to species of Euphthiracarus reported from China 1 Median carina present or rostrum of prodorsum protruded..................................................... 2 - Median carina absent or rostrum of prodorsum not protruded................................................... 5 2 Prodorsum with median carina............................................... E. carinatus Liu, Wu & Chen, 2011 - Rostrum of prodorsum protruded......................................................................... 3 3 Length of notogastral setae heterotrichous; sensilla with rounded head, pointed distally and covered with several small spines........................................................................ E. flagellatus Liu, Wu & Chen, 2011 - Length of notogastral setae not heterotrichous; sensilla with dilated head, truncate distally and covered with robust spines... 4 4 Region between upper carina and lower one with peculiar reticulation; rostral setae spiniform, not bent and flagellate distally..................................................................................... E. protrusus sp. nov. - Region between upper carina and lower one without peculiar reticulation; rostral setae bent and flagellate distally, not spini- form................................................................................ E. truncatus sp. nov. 5 Prodorsum with one pair of lateral carinae.................................................................. 6 - Prodorsum with two pairs of lateral carinae................................................................. 7 6 All legs monodactylous; lateral carinae regular................................... E. longulus Liu, Wu & Chen, 2011 - All legs heterotridactylous; lateral carinae irregular............................................ E. minimus sp. nov. 7 Head of sensilla dilated................................................................................. 8 - Head of sensilla not dilated............................................................................. 10 8 Head of sensilla smooth................................................................ E. oblongus sp. nov. - Head of sensilla covered with robust spines................................................................. 9 9 Upper carina undulate; posterior four genital setae obviously longer than anterior ones............ E. takahashii Aoki, 1980 - Upper carina not undulate; posterior four genital setae not obviously longer than anterior ones................................................................................................... E. dilatatus Liu, Wu & Chen, 2011 10 All legs monodactylous......................................................... E. cathayanus Mahunka, 2000 - All legs heterotridactylous............................................................................. 11 11 Aggenital setae nearly equally long.................................................... E. foveolatus Aoki, 1980 - Aggenital setae ag 2 much longer than ag 1.................................................................. 12 12 Rostral setae thicker than all other prodosal and notogastral setae............................ E. macrorostralis sp. nov. - Rostral setae thinner than all other prodosal and notogastral setae............................................... 13 13 Length of notogastral setae heterotrichous; c 1, c 2, c 3 and c p flagellate in distal half....... E. longisetus Liu, Wu & Chen, 2011 - Length of notogastral setae not heterotrichous; c 1, c 2, c 3 and c p not flagellate in distal half............................ 14 14 Rostral setae longer than interlamellar setae; setae ag 2 less than two times as long as ag 1 ........... E. medogensis sp. nov. - Rostral setae shorter than interlamellar setae; setae ag 2 more than two times as long as ag 1........................... 15 15 Rostral setae not flagellate at distal end; setae ag 2 about three times as long as ag 1 ....... E. aequalis Liu, Wu & Chen, 2011 - Rostral setae flagellate at distal end; setae ag 2 more than four times as long as ag 1............. E. cribrarius (Berlese, 1904), Published as part of Liu, Dong, Wu, Donghui & Chen, Jun, 2012, Six new species of the genus Euphthiracarus (Acari: Oribatida: Euphthiracaridae) from China, pp. 47-59 in Zootaxa 3481 on page 58, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.211663, {"references":["Liu, D., Wu, D. H. & Chen, J. (2011) Species of Euphthiracarus (Acari: Oribatida: Euphthiracaridae) from China. Zootaxa, 2752, 45 - 61.","Aoki, J. (1980) A revision of the oribatid mites of Japan. II. The family Euphthiracaridae. Acta Arachnologica, 39 (1), 9 - 24.","Mahunka, S. (2000) Oribatids from Hong Kong II (Acari: Oribatida: Euphthiracaridae) (Acarologica Genavensia XCIV). Archives des Sciences (Geneve), 53 (1), 43 - 48.","Berlese, A. (1904) Acari nuovi. Manipulus III. Redia, 2, 10 - 32."]}

Euphthiracarus medogensis sp. nov. (Figs. 4���6) Material examined: Holotype: adult (in alcohol), China: Tibet, M��dog County (29 �� 19 ' 31.07 "N, 95 �� 19 ' 59.51 "E), from litter, 1800 m a.s.l., 20 Jan., 1983, leg. Yin-Heng Han. Etymology. The new specific name ��� medogensis ��� refers to the type locality, M��dog. Measurements: Holotype: Prodorsum: length 336, width 238, height 125, setae: ss 135, ro 130, in 165, le 115, ex 30, distance between setae: ro���ro 62, in���in 120, le���le 60, in���le 90, le���ro 60; notogaster: length 665, width 410, height 402; setae: c 1 125, c 2 127, c 3 115, c p 115, d 1 100, d 2 100, e 1 125, e 2 105, h 1 135, h 2 115, h 3 95, ps 1 140, ps 2 117, ps 3 102; distance between setae: c 1 ���d 1 185, d 1 ���e 1 170, e 1 ���h 1 167, h 1 ���ps 1 115; ventral region: genitoaggenital plate 250 �� 115, anoadanal plate 320 �� 90. Colour yellowish. Surface of body covered with dense and small foveolae, except notogaster with large foveolae and lateral region of prodorsum smooth. Prodorsum with two parallel lateral carinae on each side, upper carina stronger than lower one; sensilla bacilliform, sparsely barbed in distal half; interlamellar and lamellar setae erect, covered with small and sparse spines in distal half; rostral setae thin, smooth and long, flagellate and bent distally; comparative length: in>ss > ro > le>ex. Notogaster setae relatively short, similar in shape to interlamellar setae, sparsely barbed in distal half; setae c 1���3 remote from anterior border, setae c 1 slightly more so than setae c 2 and c 3; vestigial setae f 1 located anteriorly of setae h 1; arrangement of opisthosomal glands and lyrifissures typical for genus. Genital plates each with nine setae, g 1���3 short and fine, located in progenital position, posterior four genital setae longer and thicker, spiniform; two pairs of aggenital setae present, spiniform, nearly equally thick, ag 2 about 1.5 times as long as ag 1; setae an 1 and an 2 smooth and flagellate at distal end, setae an 3 and adanal setae shorter, robust and covered with small and sparse spines in distal half; lyrifissures iad situated between setae an 3 and ad 3. Setae h of mentum longer than distance between them; palps three-segmented with setal formula: 2 - 2-8 (1); chaetotaxy of legs (without tarsi): I: 1-2 - 4 (2)- 5 (1); II: 1-3 - 3 (1)- 5 (1), III: 2 - 2 - 2 (1)- 2 (1), IV: 2 - 1 - 1 (1)- 2 (1); all legs heterotridactylous. Distribution. Known only from the type locality. Remark. This new species is similar to E macrorostralis sp. nov., E. cribrarius and E. foveolatus Aoki, 1980. It can be easily distinguished from E. macrorostralis sp. nov. by foveolate surface, and rostral setae flagellate, not thicker than all other prodosal and notogastral setae. The new species differs from E. cribrarius by following characters: surface of body covered with dense foveolae; posterior four genital setae longer and thicker; rostral setae thin, smooth and longer. The new species can be easily distinguished from E. foveolatus by following characters: rostral setae thin, smooth and long, flagellate and bent distally; ag 2 longer than ag 1., Published as part of Liu, Dong, Wu, Donghui & Chen, Jun, 2012, Six new species of the genus Euphthiracarus (Acari: Oribatida: Euphthiracaridae) from China, pp. 47-59 in Zootaxa 3481 on pages 49-51, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.211663, {"references":["Aoki, J. (1980) A revision of the oribatid mites of Japan. II. The family Euphthiracaridae. Acta Arachnologica, 39 (1), 9 - 24."]}

Euphthiracarus minimus sp. nov. (Figs. 7���10) Material examined: Holotype: adult (in alcohol, W- 90 - 79), China: Fujian Province, Jiangle County, Longqishan Mt. (26 �� 16 ' 28.27 "N, 117 �� 38 ' 40.70 "E), Xianrentang, from litter under mixed forest, 1300 m a.s.l., 13 Sep., 1990, leg. Hui-Fu Wang. Etymology. The new specific name ��� minimus ��� is from Latin and refers to the minute aggenital setae. Measurements: Holotype: Prodorsum: length 260, width 185, height 112, setae: ss 83, ro 40, in 85, le 50, ex 13, distance between setae: ro���ro 30, in���in 85, le���le 50, in���le 90, le���ro 70; notogaster: length 485, width 320, height 320; setae: c 1 60, c 2 60, c 3 50, c p 46, d 1 50, d 2 45, e 1 55, e 2 50, h 1 60, h 2 55, h 3 52, ps 1 50, ps 2 55, ps 3 55; distance between setae: c 1 ���d 1 120, d 1 ���e 1 110, e 1 ���h 1 95, h 1 ���ps 1 85; ventral region: genitoaggenital plate 205 �� 85, anoadanal plate 235 �� 75. Colour yellowish to tan. Surface of body covered with dense and small foveolae, except notogaster with distinct and large foveolae. Anterior region of prodorsum humped; one pair of wavelike lateral carinae present; sensilla short with narrow pedicel and dilated head, not pointed distally and covered with robust spines; interlamellar and lamellar setae short, robust and erect, covered with spines in distal half; rostral setae smooth, semi-erect, spiniform; comparative length: in>ss > le > ro>ex. Notogaster setae short, similar in shape to interlamellar setae, barbed in distal half; setae c 1���3 remote from anterior border, setae c 1 slightly more so than setae c 2 and c 3; vestigial setae f 1 not observed; arrangement of opisthosomal glands and lyrifissures typical for genus. Nine pairs of genital and two pairs of aggenital setae present, g 1���3 short and fine, located in progenital position, other setae and aggenital setae slightly longer, spiniform, equally long and thick; setae an 1 and an 2 smooth and flagellate at distal end, setae an 3 and adanal setae shorter, robust and covered with small spines in distal half; lyrifissures iad situated between setae an 3 and ad 3. Setae h of mentum longer than distance between them; palps three-segmented with setal formula: 2 - 2-8 (1); chaetotaxy of legs (without tarsi): I: 1-2 - 4 (2)- 5 (1); II: 1-3 - 3 (1)- 5 (1), III: 2 - 2 - 2 (1)- 2 (1), IV: 2 - 1 - 1 (1)- 2 (1); all legs heterotridactylous. Distribution. Known only from the type locality. Remark. This new species is easily distinguished from other species of this genus by the combination of following characters: surface of notogaster with distinct and large foveolae; anterior region of prodorsum humped; one pair of wavelike lateral carinae present; sensilla with dilated head covered with robust spines; rostral setae spiniform., Published as part of Liu, Dong, Wu, Donghui & Chen, Jun, 2012, Six new species of the genus Euphthiracarus (Acari: Oribatida: Euphthiracaridae) from China, pp. 47-59 in Zootaxa 3481 on page 51, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.211663

Key to species of Euphthiracarus reported from China 1 Median carina present or rostrum of prodorsum protruded..................................................... 2 - Median carina absent or rostrum of prodorsum not protruded................................................... 5 2 Prodorsum with median carina............................................... E. carinatus Liu, Wu & Chen, 2011 - Rostrum of prodorsum protruded......................................................................... 3 3 Length of notogastral setae heterotrichous; sensilla with rounded head, pointed distally and covered with several small spines........................................................................ E. flagellatus Liu, Wu & Chen, 2011 - Length of notogastral setae not heterotrichous; sensilla with dilated head, truncate distally and covered with robust spines... 4 4 Region between upper carina and lower one with peculiar reticulation; rostral setae spiniform, not bent and flagellate distally..................................................................................... E. protrusus sp. nov. - Region between upper carina and lower one without peculiar reticulation; rostral setae bent and flagellate distally, not spini- form................................................................................ E. truncatus sp. nov. 5 Prodorsum with one pair of lateral carinae.................................................................. 6 - Prodorsum with two pairs of lateral carinae................................................................. 7 6 All legs monodactylous; lateral carinae regular................................... E. longulus Liu, Wu & Chen, 2011 - All legs heterotridactylous; lateral carinae irregular............................................ E. minimus sp. nov. 7 Head of sensilla dilated................................................................................. 8 - Head of sensilla not dilated............................................................................. 10 8 Head of sensilla smooth................................................................ E. oblongus sp. nov. - Head of sensilla covered with robust spines................................................................. 9 9 Upper carina undulate; posterior four genital setae obviously longer than anterior ones............ E. takahashii Aoki, 1980 - Upper carina not undulate; posterior four genital setae not obviously longer than anterior ones................................................................................................... E. dilatatus Liu, Wu & Chen, 2011 10 All legs monodactylous......................................................... E. cathayanus Mahunka, 2000 - All legs heterotridactylous............................................................................. 11 11 Aggenital setae nearly equally long.................................................... E. foveolatus Aoki, 1980 - Aggenital setae ag 2 much longer than ag 1.................................................................. 12 12 Rostral setae thicker than all other prodosal and notogastral setae............................ E. macrorostralis sp. nov. - Rostral setae thinner than all other prodosal and notogastral setae............................................... 13 13 Length of notogastral setae heterotrichous; c 1, c 2, c 3 and c p flagellate in distal half....... E. longisetus Liu, Wu & Chen, 2011 - Length of notogastral setae not heterotrichous; c 1, c 2, c 3 and c p not flagellate in distal half............................ 14 14 Rostral setae longer than interlamellar setae; setae ag 2 less than two times as long as ag 1 ........... E. medogensis sp. nov. - Rostral setae shorter than interlamellar setae; setae ag 2 more than two times as long as ag 1........................... 15 15 Rostral setae not flagellate at distal end; setae ag 2 about three times as long as ag 1 ....... E. aequalis Liu, Wu & Chen, 2011 - Rostral setae flagellate at distal end; setae ag 2 more than four times as long as ag 1............. E. cribrarius (Berlese, 1904)

Papillacarus indistinctus sp. nov. (Figs. 1���22) With characters of Papillacarus as summarized by Balogh (1961), Balogh & Balogh (1992). Diagnosis. Body size 763���813 �� 365���398. Surface of body foveolate. Rostrum weakly concave. Prodorsal, notogastral (except short and smooth c 1, d 1, e 1, f 1), anal and adanal setae long, setiform, ciliate. Sensilli with 13 to 15 branches. One transverse band (S 2) developed on notogaster. Two pairs of neotrichal setae morphlogically similar to lateral notogastral setae; others short, setiform, ciliate. Subcapitulum with five pairs of setae. Palptarsus with 10 setae. Sternal apodeme fused with apodemes III. Epimeral setal formula 7 ��� 5 ��� 3���4. Transverse genital suture poorly developed. Genital setae heterogenous, all ciliate. Description. Measurements. Large species. Body length 813 (holotype), 763���813 (mean 785; three paratypes); body width 381 (holotype), 365���398 (mean 381; three paratypes). Integument (Figs. 1, 2, 7). Body color yellow-brownish. Surface of body foveolate. Foveolae of two types: a) large, polygonal, forming polygonal network on prodorsum, notogaster, lateral part of body and anogenital region (length up to 16); b) very small (distinctly visible only under high magnification), polygonal, located on all surfaces of body, also forming polygonal network of very small foveolae on all surfaces of body and legs. Prodorsum (Figs. 1, 3���6). Roughly triangular in dorsal view, occupying about 2 / 3 of dorsal length. Rostrum weakly concave in dorsal view. Rostral (ro), lamellar (le), interlamellar (in) and both pairs of exobothridial (exa, exp) setae similar: long (123���131), setiform, thickened, with short cilia. Sensilli (98���106) pectinate, with 13 to 15 branches on one side. Postbothridial transverse band (S b) present, but poorly visible. Notogaster (Figs. 1, 2, 8���11). Anterior border of the notogaster straight. Only one transverse band (S 2) developed, complete. Sixteen pairs of primary notogastral setae and 14���16 pairs of additional neotrichal setae (n) present. Notogastral setae c 1, d 1, e 1, f 1 short (24���32), setiform, smooth; others long (131���153), setiform, thickened, with short cilia. Neotrichal setae of two types: two pairs morphlogically similar to notogastral setae; others short (36���49), setiform, ciliate. Lyrifissures ia and im distinct. Gnathosoma (Figs. 18, 19). Subcapitulum with one pair of lateral tubercles. Subcapitulum longer than wide (196���209 �� 143���151). Subcapitular setae h, m 1, m 2 and m 3 short (32���36), setiform, with cilia; setae a longer (49���57), setiform, smooth. Three pairs of adoral setae present: or 1 36���41, wide, lobe-formed, smooth; or 2 41���45, setiform, thickened, with tooth in distal part, blunt-ended; or 3 32���36, lobe-formed, smooth. Palps (82) with setation 0���1 ��� 0���1 ��� 10 (+ 1 ��). Distal three setae fused basally. Solenidion longer than palptarsus, thick, not fused with acm. Chelicerae 213���225; cheliceral seta chb 65, setiform, smooth; seta cha 8, thorn-like. Epimeral region (Figs. 2, 12, 13). Apodemes III medially fused. Sternal apodeme fused with apodemes III. Epimeral setal formula: 7 ��� 5 ��� 3���4. Medial setae 1 a, 2 a, 3 a, 4 a short (20), setiform, smooth; anteriomost pair longer (45���53), with cilia unilaterally; three pairs of lateral setae on epimeres II (53���61) straight, setiform, ciliate; other setae (28���41) setiform, with cilia unilaterally. Anogenital region (Figs. 2, 14���17). Transverse genital suture present, but poorly developed (visible under high magnification in dissected specimens). Genital setae heterogenous: four lateral pairs longer (45���57), with one to three long cilia; six medial pairs shorter (16���20), ciliate. Two pairs of anal (an 1, an 2 53���57) and four pairs of adanal (ad 1 ��� ad 3 90���106; ad 4 69���77) setae setiform, thickened, with cilia. One pair of ventrolateral bands present. Lyrifissures ih and ip distinct, iad and ips not visible. Legs (Figs. 21, 22). Morphology of leg segments, setae and solenidia typical for Papillacarus (Ermilov & Anichkin 2011 f, Ermilov et al. 2011). All legs with one claw, with small tooth on ventral side. Femora with large ventral ridge. Formulae of leg setation and solenidia: leg I (0���6 (5)��� 3���4 ��� 18) [2 ��� 1���2], leg II (0��� 6 ��� 3���4 ��� 13) [1 ��� 1���2], leg III (2���4 ��� 2���3 ��� 12) [1 ��� 1 ���0], leg IV (2���3 ��� 2���3 ��� 11) [1 ���0���0]; homology of setae and solenidia indicated in Table 1. Majority of setae ciliate. Setae it on tarsi II, III short, thin, smooth. Famulus conical, small, thickened. Solenidia �� 1 on tarsi I, �� 1 and �� 2 on tarsi II, �� on tibiae III thickened, blunt-ended; other solenidia longer, setiform, with thinner tips. FIGURES 7���17. Papillacarus indistinctus sp. nov., adult: 7 ���foveolae of notogaster; 8 ���notogastral seta d 1; 9 ���notogastral seta d 3; 10, 11 ���neotrichal setae; 12 ���epimeral seta 2 a; 13 ���epimeral seta 2 b; 14 ���genital plate, left; 15, 16 ���genital setae; 17 ���anal and adanal plates, left. Scale bar (7, 9) 20 ��m; scale bar (8, 10���13, 15, 16) 10 ��m; scale bar (14, 17) 50 ��m. I - d, (l 1 ), l 2 ''*, bv'', v'' (l'), ��', d ��'' (l 1 ), l 2 '', v', �� (ft), (tc), (it), (p), (u), (a), s, (pv), m, n, e, �� 1, �� 2 II - d, (l), bv'', v'' (l), d �� (l 1 ), l 2 '', v', �� (ft), (tc), (it), (u), (a), s, (pv), �� 1, �� 2 III l', v' d, l 1 ', l 2 ', ev' l', d �� d, l', v', �� (ft), (tc), (it), (u), a���, s, (pv) IV l', v' d, l', ev' l', d �� d, l', v' (ft), (tc), p���, (u), a���, s, (pv) Roman letters refer to normal setae (e to famulus), Greek letters to solenidia, d �� ���seta and solenidion coupled. Single prime (') marks setae on anterior and double prime (") setae on posterior side of the given leg segment. Parentheses refer to a pair of setae. *���Seta absent in two specimens of Papillacarus indistinctus sp. nov. Material examined. Collection data for holotype and three paratypes: VC- 3. Type deposition. The holotype (in alcohol) is deposited in the collection of the Zoological Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, Russia; one paratype (in alcohol) is deposited in the collection of the Siberian Zoological Museum, Novosibirsk, Russia; two paratypes (dissected) are in the personal collection of the first author. Etymology. The specific name ��� indistinctus ��� refers to the poorly developed (indistinct) transverse suture on the genital plates. Remarks. In having the combination of foveolate body surface, absence of body papillae, setiform prodorsal, notogastral and neotrichal setae, few neotrichal setae, and poorly visible transverse suture on genital plates, Papillacarus indistinctus sp. nov. is very similar to Papillacarus polygonatus Ermilov & Anichkin, 2011 (see Ermilov & Anichkin 2011 f) from Vietnam. However, it clearly differs from the latter by two types of neotrichal setae (versus three types in P. polygonatus), long notogastral setae c 2, which are slightly shorter than c 3 (versus considerably shorter than c 3 in P. polygonatus), notogastral setae e 1 and f 1 similar in length to c 1 and d 1 (versus shorter in P. polygonatus), presence of four pairs of long genital setae, all with cilia (versus three pairs present, all smooth in P. polygonatus), epimeral setal formula 7 ��� 5 ��� 3���4 (versus 8 ��� 5 ��� 3���4 in P. polygonatus), presence of three pairs of subcapitular setae m (versus two pairs in P. polygonatus), palptarsus with 10 setae (versus nine setae in P. polygonatus)., Published as part of Ermilov, Sergey G., Anichkin, Alexander E. & Wu, Donghui, 2012, Two new species of the genus Papillacarus (Acari: Oribatida: Lohmanniidae) from caves of Southern Vietnam, pp. 75-88 in Zootaxa 3593 on pages 79-83, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.209735, {"references":["Balogh, J. (1961) An outline of the family Lohmanniidae Berlese, 1916 (Acari: Oribatei). Acta Zoologica Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae, 7 (1 - 2), 19 - 44.","Balogh, J. & Balogh, P. (1992) The Oribatid Mites Genera of the World. Vol. 1. Hungarian National Museum Press, Budapest, 263 p.","Ermilov, S. G. & Anichkin, A. E. (2011 f) The oribatid mite families Nanhermanniidae and Lohmanniidae of Cat Tien National Park (Vietnam). Acarina, 19 (2), 231 - 241."]}