1. Virtual reconstruction and re-evaluation of the Neanderthal frontal bone from Carigüela Cave (Granada, Spain)
- Author
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Juan Manuel Jiménez-Arenas, Marcia S. Ponce de León, Isidro Toro-Moyano, Christoph P. E. Zollikofer, and Thibault Bienvenu
- Subjects
010506 paleontology ,Archeology ,Global and Planetary Change ,geography ,geography.geographical_feature_category ,Neanderthal ,010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences ,biology ,Range (biology) ,Geology ,01 natural sciences ,Paleontology ,Frontal bone ,Cave ,Frontal lobe ,Wide nasal bridge ,biology.animal ,Virtual reconstruction ,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences - Abstract
During several consecutive excavations from the 1950s to the 1990s the cave of Cariguela de Pinar (Granada, Baetic System, Southeast of the Iberian Peninsula) has yielded an important sample of Neanderthal fossils. Among these finds is a fragmentary frontal bone of an immature individual (CE-05877), which was described earlier. Here we present a new virtual reconstruction and a quantitative analysis of its three-dimensional morphology. Geometric morphometric analyses show that the Cariguela frontal falls within the range of shape variation of 6–7 year-old Neanderthals, and clearly outside the range of variation exhibited by same-age modern humans. Compared to other Neanderthals of similar age, Cariguela has a relatively wide nasal bridge and low frontal profile. Re-analysis of the fossil's endocranial imprints in the light of cerebral sulcal variability in modern humans indicates that only a reduced number of brain sulci can be identified reliably. Overall, the Cariguela fossil provides further support for the view that Neanderthals and modern humans exhibit distinct frontal bone morphologies, while their cerebral frontal lobes exhibit largely similar but highly variable sulcal patterns.
- Published
- 2019