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Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), as one of the most ubiquitous compounds, is widely used in many fields and performs important functions in physiological processes.

Molecular engineering contributes to a well-aligned stacking of low-dimensional compositions in quasi-two-dimensional perovskite thin-films, resulting in high performance and stable-operation photodetectors across the whole visible range.

In this study, arginineated chitosan (ACS) was used as a soft brain membrane and chelating agent to synthesize ACS-ZnO NPs, and then ACS and ACS-ZnO NPs were added to a polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) matrix as an antimicrobial agent to form films by casting. The formation and structural morphology of ACS and ACS-ZnO NPs were investigated by applying FTIR

Energy or load disaggregation, as one essential part of non-intrusive load monitoring (NILM), is an efficient way to separate the consumption information of target appliances from the whole consumption data, and can accordingly help to regulate people’s energy consumption behaviors. However, the consumptions of the target appliances are usually affected by the variance of the opening time, working condition and user interference, so it is a difficult task to realize precise disaggregation. To further improve the energy disaggregation accuracy, this paper proposes a new parallel disaggregation strategy with two subnets for the energy consumption disaggregation of the target appliances in the residential buildings. In the proposed strategy, the parallel disaggregation network contains a long-term disaggregation network and a short-term disaggregation network, which can automatically and respectively learn the long-term trend features and short-term dynamic characteristics of the electrical appliances. This parallel structure can make full use of the advantages of different methods in feature extraction, so as to model the appliance features more comprehensively. To better extract the long-term and short-term features, in the long-term disaggregation subnet, we propose the double branch bi-directional temporal convolution network (DBB-TCN) which has a wider receptive field than the traditional temporal convolution networks (TCN), while in the short-term disaggregation subnet, we adopt the convolution auto-encoder to learn the short-term characteristics of the target appliances. Finally, detailed experiments and comparisons are made with two real-world datasets. Experimental results verified that the proposed parallel disaggregation method performs better than the existing methods under various evaluation criteria.

Haikou is the capital of Hainan Province of the People's Republic of China and is located in the northeastern part of Hainan Province. Due to its geographical location and unique geopolitics, it was established as an international tourism island in 2010 and a major front for the establishment of a free trade port in Hainan Province in 2018. And we are now in the era of big data. We analyze the characteristics of cultural communication in the context of big data, the external dynamics of cultural communication change, and the internal dynamics of cultural communication change, explore the challenges and opportunities brought by big data for cultural communication, and seek to propose effective strategies to cope with cultural communication change in the context of big data. The study also adopts the usual understanding of "media" in the field of communication, which is regarded as a channel for information dissemination, and aims to maximize the marketing effect through the selection and combination of channels to convey the city's image message.

Because of COVID-19, factories are facing many difficulties, such as shortage of workers and social alienation. How to improve production performance under limited labor resources is an urgent problem for global manufacturing factories. This work studies an energy-efficient job-shop scheduling problem with limited workers. Those workers can have multiskills. A many-objective model with five objectives, that is: 1) makespan; 2) total tardiness; 3) total idle time; 4) total worker cost; and 5) total energy, is built. To solve this many-objective optimization problem (MaOP), a novel fitness evaluation mechanism (FEM) based on fuzzy correlation entropy (FCE) is adopted. Two construction methods for reference points are proposed to build the bridge between MaOP and a fuzzy set. Based on FCE and cluster methods, an environmental selection mechanism (ESM) is proposed to achieve a balance between solution convergence and diversity. With the proposed FEM and ESM, two many-objective evolutionary algorithms are proposed to solve MaOP. The effect of FCE-based FEM and ESM on the performance of algorithms is verified via experiments. The proposed algorithms are compared with four well-known peers to test their performance. The extensive experimental results show that they are very competitive for the considered many-objective scheduling problem.

The vehicle active suspension has been widely used as it could effectively improve the vehicle ride comfort. To solve the issues of actuator uncertainty and time delay existing in the active suspension system, a multi-objective non-fragile [Formula: see text] control algorithm is proposed in this work. First, to effectively describe the vehicle suspension dynamics, a quarter-car suspension model is constructed first in this study. Second, aiming at improving the ride quality and guarantee the hard constraints of the suspension system, a multi-objective H2/ H∞ performance index is proposed. Subsequently, the issues of external disturbances, actuator uncertainty and delay are considered in the design process of the suspension controller. Then, a multi-objective non-fragile control algorithm is proposed based on an effective Lyapunov functional. The control gain can be obtained by solving a convex optimization problem in terms of linear matrix inequalities. Finally, numerical simulations are implemented on MATLAB/Simulink platform to show the robustness and superiority of the proposed controller. Experiments are implemented on a quarter-car test rig to validate the practical performance of the designed controller.

Drying is an effective method for preserving figs. Air-impingement jet drying (AIJD) and hot-air drying (HAD) were applied to investigate the effect of drying methods on the drying kinetics, polyphenol constituents, and antiradical properties of fig slices. Results showed that AIJD was more effective than HAD in decreasing drying time and protecting the 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH·) scavenging activity of the fig slices. Additionally, AIJD was used to dry the fig slices at different temperatures (40, 50, 60, 70, and 80°C) and air velocities (6, 7, and 8 m/s). The drying rates (DR) and effective moisture diffusivities (Deff) of the fig slices increased with the AIJD drying temperature. The AIJD drying activation energy (Ea) of the fig slices determined by the Arrhenius equation was 21.66 kJ/mol. The Page model was used to describe and predict the dehydration behaviour of the fig slices during AIJD. UHPLC-QqQ-MS/MS analysis identified seven phenolic acids and nine flavonoids in the dried fig slices, with quinic acid, rutin, and chlorogenic acid being the primary polyphenols. AIJD at 80°C and 8 m/s induced the highest 2,2’-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS·+) scavenging activity and quercetin content in the fig slices than the other treatments.

This paper investigates the event-triggered fuzzy filtering issue for vehicle sideslip angle estimation with consideration of data quantization and dropouts. First of all, an uncertain Takagi-Sugeno fuzzy model is developed to describe vehicle nonlinear dynamics resulted from nonlinear tire dynamics, varying velocity, uncertain mass and yaw moment inertia. Then, an adaptive event-triggered scheme is introduced between the sensor and the filter for the decision of releasing sampled data to economize limited network resource. Moreover, the network-induced constraints, such as delay, data quantization and dropouts, are taken into account to improve the robustness of the filtering method. Based on Lyapunov stability theory, a new event-triggered asynchronous fuzzy filtering method is proposed by establishing an augmented Lyapunov-Krasovskii functional candidate and applying integral inequalities in the derivation. Finally, simulation results are presented to verify the advantages of the proposed method in comparison with the existing results.

Recently, multifunctional nanoparticles have shown great prospects in cancer treatment, which have the ability to simultaneously deliver the drug, image and target tumor cells. In this paper, we designed a luminescent nanoparticles platform based on hydrothermal hyaluronic acid/amorphous calcium phosphate (HA-FCNs/ACP) with multifunctional properties for drug delivery, bio-imaging, and targeting treatment. HA-FCNs/ACP shows an ability to load curcumin (Cur) with pH-sensitive responsive drug release behavior and excellent biocompatibility. HA-FCNs/ACP dispersed in the cytoplasm through the overexpressed CD44 receptor that is actively targeted into human lung cancer cells (A549 cells). Meanwhile, the viability of A549 cells was significantly inhibited in vitro. The prepared HA-FCNs and HA-FCNs/ACP both exhibit excellent targeted bioimaging performance on cancer cells Hence, the as-prepared nanoparticles have promising applications in treating tumor disease.

This paper is concerned with the human-machine shared control issue for vehicle lane keeping systems via a new fuzzy observer-based event-triggered method. In order to capture system nonlinear and uncertain characteristics such as nonlinear tire dynamics, varying velocity and driver behavioral uncertainties, Takagi-Sugeno fuzzy approach is employed to model the global driver-vehicle-road system. After system modeling, the fuzzy observer-based control structure is considered because a full states information is not available in practical driving environment. Then, most existing human-machine shared control methods are based on the periodic sampling communication mechanism. However, since the network bandwidth is limited, the above mechanism may cause oversampling and communication congestion. Thus, an adaptive event-triggered mechanism is introduced between the observer and the controller to mitigate the communication burden and improve the bandwidth utilization. Based on Lyapunov functional theory, a set of sufficient conditions are given to calculate desired human-machine shared controllers. Finally, simulation tests are implemented on Matlab/Simulink-CarSim platform and simulation results illustrate that the proposed method can achieve a favorable improvement in the lane keeping capability, the driver handling comfort and the network bandwidth utilization.

MethodsIn this study, we developed a strategy for the prevention and therapy of melanoma using a whole-cell vaccine combined with a CpG/αOX40/cGAMP triple adjuvant. The CpG/αOX40/cGAMP triple adjuvant was used to co-culture melanoma cells in vitro to induce immunogenic death of tumor cells. The mixture of inactivated tumor cells and the triple drug was an optimized tumor whole-cell vaccine, which was injected subcutaneously into mice for tumor prevention and therapy. Furthermore, we analyzed the changes of immune cells in spleen and tumor by flow cytometry and immunohistochemistry, and detected the changes of cytokines after vaccine application by cytometric bead array to explore the specific mechanism of vaccine.ResultsIn vaccine prevention and therapy experiments, it was observed that the tumor growth was significantly inhibited in the whole-cell vaccine group, and the survival time of mice was significantly prolonged. Flow cytometry results showed that the proportion of CD4+ T cells and CD8+ T cells in tumor of mice in vaccine group was higher than that in control group, especially the CD4+ T cells.ConclusionThe optimized vaccine has the unique ability to amplify tumor-specific CD4+ T cells, which improves antitumor sensitivity, and has a significant effect on the prevention and therapy of melanoma mice.

3D-printed porous bioactive ceramic scaffolds have been widely used in bone defect repair. However, material implantation is often accompanied by a foreign body response (FBR), which may affect host tissue regeneration. The physical properties of biomaterials, including shape, pore size, and porosity, control the relevant immune responses during tissue regeneration. To the best of our knowledge, the effect of the pore size of 3D-printed scaffolds on the immune response and bone-biomaterial integration has not been studied in vivo. Polycaprolactone/polyethylene glycol/hydroxyapatite (PCL/PEG/HA) bioactive scaffolds with different pore sizes, including 209.9 ± 77.1 μm (P200), 385.5 ± 28.6 μm (P400), and 582.1 ± 27.2 μm (P600), were prepared with a pneumatic extrusion 3D printer. Compared with other pore sizes, P600 significantly reduced the FBR and induced more M2 macrophage infiltration, vascular ingrowth, and new bone formation. Immunohistochemical staining revealed that the MyD88 protein might be involved in macrophage polarization-related signal transduction in response to the pore size. Based on these results, bone regeneration requires the active participation of the immune response, and the P600 PCL/PEG/HA scaffold is a preferable candidate for the repair of bone defects.

Sugarcane mosaic disease, mainly caused by Sugarcane streak mosaic virus (SCSMV), has serious adverse effects on the yield and quality. Eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E (eIF4E) is a natural resistance gene in plants. The eIF4E-mediated natural recessive resistance comes from non-synonymous mutations of the eIF4E protein. In this study, two sugarcane varieties (CP94-1100 and ROC22) with different resistance to SCSMV were selected for the analysis of the differences in sugarcane resistance. The result showed that the nucleotide and amino acid sequences of the CP and VPg of SCSMV an between varieties were highly consistent and belong to the same isolate. However, four base missense mutations in the ORF region of eIF4E resulted in different conserved domains. Therefore, the difference in resistance comes from the differences in the eIF4E gene of the sugarcane varieties themselves. The coding region of eIF4E gene were 28 SNP loci, no InDel loci, and affected by negative selection, and was relatively conserved. A total of 11 haploids encoded 11 protein sequences. Protein spatial structure prediction revealed three amino acid non-synonymous mutations sites located in the cap pocket of eIF4E, among which one site only existed in a resistant material (Yuetang 55) and one site only existed in a susceptible material (ROC22), suggesting that the two sites might be related to the resistance to SCSMV. These results provide a strong basis for further analysis of the functional role of eIF4E in regulating mosaic resistance in sugarcane and developing resistance varieties.

Purpose:The induced death signals following oncogene inhibition underlie clinical efficacy of molecular targeted therapies against human cancer, and defects of intact cell apoptosis machinery often lead to therapeutic failure. Despite potential importance, other forms of regulated cell death triggered by pharmacologic intervention have not been systematically characterized.Experimental Design:Pyroptotic cell death was assessed by immunoblot analysis, phase-contrast imaging, scanning electron microscopy, and flow cytometry. Tumor tissues of patients with lung cancer were analyzed using IHC. Functional impact of pyroptosis on drug response was investigated in cell lines and xenograft models.Results:We showed that diverse small-molecule inhibitors specifically targeting KRAS-, EGFR-, or ALK-driven lung cancer uniformly elicited robust pyroptotic cell death, in addition to simultaneously invoking cellular apoptosis. Upon drug treatment, the mitochondrial intrinsic apoptotic pathway was engaged and the mobilized caspase-3 protease cleaved and activated gasdermin E (GSDME, encoded by DFNA5), which permeabilized cytoplasmic membrane and executed cell-lytic pyroptosis. GSDME displayed ubiquitous expression in various lung cancer cell lines and clinical specimens, including KRAS-mutant, EGFR-altered, and ALK-rearranged adenocarcinomas. As a result, cooccurrence and interplay of apoptosis and pyroptosis were widespread in lung cancer cells, succumbing to genotype-matched regimens. We further demonstrated that pyroptotic cell death partially contributed to the drug response in a subset of cancer models.Conclusions:These results pinpoint GSDME-dependent pyroptosis as a previously unrecognized mechanism of action for molecular targeted agents to eradicate oncogene-addicted neoplastic cells, which may have important implications for the clinical development and optimal application of anticancer therapeutics.

A. TCGA pan-cancer genomic analysis of all the gasdermin family members. B. DFNA5 gene expression in TCGA lung adenocarcinomas classified by indicated genetic alterations. C. Western blot analysis of indicated proteins in nucleus, cytosol, mitochondria-enriched membrane, and cytoskeleton fractions prepared from A549, PC9 and NCI-H3122 cells. D. Immunofluorescent staining of GSDME (green), F-actin (red) and nuclear 4',6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI; blue) in A549, PC9 and NCI-H3122 cells.

Cell lines with diverse oncogenic alterations were treated with indicated inhibitors.

A. A549, PC9 and NCI-H3122 cells were treated with indicated inhibitors for 72 hours. Drug-treated adherent and supernatant cells were separately collected and subjected to TUNEL analysis. The right panel showed quantification of TUNEL positive apoptotic cells. B. A549 cells were treated with trametinib either alone or in combination with indicated inhibitors (500 nM). Cell images were recorded and cells were stained with crystal violet. C. Immunofluorescent staining of cleaved PARP (green) and nuclear 4',6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI; blue) in inhibitor-treated A549, PC9 and NCI-H3122 cells with or without DFNA5 deletion.

Tables S1-S4 shows details of patient information and Table S5 shows the sgRNA information.

A. Cell morphology of inhibitor-treated A549, PC9 and NCI-H3122 cells with or without DFNA5 or CASP3 deletion. Red arrows indicated pyroptotic cells. B. LDH release in A549, PC9 and NCI-H3122 cells treated with indicated inhibitors (zVAD, zDEVD: 100 μM). C. GSDME cleavage and cell morphology of A549, PC9 and NCI-H3122 cells treated with indicated inhibitors. Red arrows indicated pyroptotic cells.

A. Cell morphology of inhibitor-treated NCI-H2009, HCC4006 and HCC827 cells with or without DFNA5 overexpression. Red arrows indicated pyroptotic cells. B. LDH release in trametinib-treated A549 cells with genetic depletion of indicated apoptotic genes.

Immunohistochemical staining of GSDME in a lung cancer tissue microarray and a patient cohort with KRAS-mutant, EGFR-altered or ALK-rearranged lung adenocarcinoma.

A. A549, PC9 and NCI-H3122 cells were treated with trametinib, erlotinib and ceritinib, respectively, either alone or in combination with indicated inhibitors. B. HCC827, NCI-H358, HCC44 and NCI-1648 were treated with erlotinib, trametinib or crizotinib as indicated.

Wood dyeing technology is of great significance to improve the utilization rate of inferior wood resources. The challenge to imitating precious wood species by inferior wood is to quickly and accurately obtain the dyeing formula of precious wood species. This study uses Genetic Algorithm (GA) to optimize Extreme learning machine (ELM), and then a predictive model based on GA-ELM is proposed for predicting the dyeing formula of precious wood species. The sum of the relative deviations of the three dyes between the predicted formula and the actual formula, that is, the relative deviation of the formula, is calculated to evaluate the model’s prediction accuracy. The simulation results show that the average relative deviations of the formula predicted by Back Propagation (BP) neural network, Radial Basis Function (RBF) neural network, ELM, and GA-ELM are 0.808, 0.717, 0.708, and 0.262. The prediction deviation of the GA-ELM is much smaller than that of other traditional neural networks, which can achieve good results in wood production.

Summary Accurate characterization of oilwell cement mechanical properties is key to establishing long-term wellbore integrity. The most widely used method is curing cement in an autoclave, demolding, cutting, and transferring it to a triaxial compression apparatus. The drawback of this traditional technique is that the mechanical properties are not measured under in-situ curing conditions. In this paper, we developed a high-pressure and high-temperature vessel to hydrate cement under downhole conditions and then directly measure cement Young’s modulus and Poisson’s ratio without cooling or depressurization. We validated the setup with water and obtained a reasonable bulk modulus of 2.37 GPa under elevated pressure. We proposed a poroelastic method to calculate cement elastic properties accounting for boundary stiffness and changing pore pressure. We compared the in-situ measurements with traditional triaxial compression tests conducted on the same specimen after retrieval from the vessel. The results show that in-situ measured Young’s modulus is more than double, and the Poisson’s ratio is 20 to 100% higher than that measured by the traditional triaxial method. One mechanism could be that the depressurization and repressurization process in those traditional tests may generate microdefects or induced stresses that weaken cement mechanical properties. Finally, we applied our mechanical properties measurements to cement wellbore integrity analysis by using a thermoporoelastic model. We found that the initial state of stress plays a significant role in maintaining wellbore integrity. With only mechanical properties differences considered, the estimation with traditional measured properties may mistakenly show cement is safe under some pressure and temperature perturbations.

With the development of communication technology, train control operation system develops gradually, which significantly improves the reliability and efficiency of train operation. The current mobile Internet has gradually highlighted the many limitations of the mobile Internet in the high-speed mobile environment, which seriously deteriorate the service quality and user experience, and cause a waste of resources. In order to meet the real-time requirements of network communication resource scheduling in the mobile environment, aiming at the multidimensional dynamic adaptation framework constructed in a mobile environment, a service and network adaptation mechanism based on link failure state prediction is proposed in the paper. First, cross-layer theoretical analysis and actual data analysis are combined to construct a wireless link failure probability model. Then, reliable transmission requirements and transmission overhead are applied to optimize goals. Finally, simulation experiments are carried out according to the railway network data to evaluate the E-GCF adaptation algorithm. The experiment results show that compared with the current mainstream algorithms, the prediction accuracy of this adaptation algorithm is improved by 25%. The execution time of the algorithm is reduced by 9.6 seconds and the successful submission rate is as high as 99.99%. The advantages of the algorithm are significantly superior other algorithms. It proves that the research method of this paper can effectively improve the satisfaction rate and utility value of reliable transmission, as well as enhance the throughput performance. It solves the adaptation problems of frequent switching and low utilization of heterogeneous networks in a mobile environment, which contributes to the high-quality communication service of mobile network.

Distributed ledger technology (DLT) offers new and unique advantages for information systems, but some of its features are not a good fit for many applications. We review the properties of DLT and propose a new type of architecture for DLT based on main-sub ledger. Our scheme pays more attention to data privacy, effectively relieves the pressure of data storage for nodes, thereby improves data handling capability.

This study employed the "two-step dialysis" method and AB-8 or D101 macroporous resin chromatography to isolate the anthocyanins in red radishes (ARR). The red radish juice was dialyzed twice at 3000 and 500 Da, respectively. UHPLC-QqQ-MS/MS revealed 24 types of ARRs, of which pelargonidin (Pg)-3-diglucoside-5-(malonyl)glucoside (P3D5MG), Pg-3-diglucoside-5-glucoside (P3D5G), Pg-3-(feruloyl)diglucoside-5-(malonyl)glucoside (P3FD5MG), Pg, and malvidin (Mv) represented the main compounds. The total anthocyanin content in the ARR prepared via the "two-step dialysis" method was 29.69% and 18.44% higher than that obtained using AB-8 and D101 macroporous resins, respectively. The ARRs inhibited heat-induced β-lactoglobulin (β-Lg) oxidation. The amino acid residue microenvironment and secondary β-Lg structure were modified via ARR binding. The energy involved in P3D5MG and β-Lg binding was -392 kJ/mol, which was significantly lower than that during the binding process of P3D5M, P3FD5MG, Pg, and Mv to β-Lg (-338 to -168 kJ/mol). These results indicated that "two-step dialysis" was a promising method for deriving natural pigment with strong antioxidant activity from red radishes. PRACTICAL APPLICATION: As a natural food colorant, anthocyanins have attracted increasing attention in the food industry in recent years. This study used "two-step dialysis" to effectively separate ARRs. Moreover, the anthocyanins in ARR can bind to β-Lg to protect against heating-induced oxidation. Therefore, ARRs may not only act as a food pigment but also as antioxidants.

Microplastics (MPs) pervade the environment and increasingly threaten both natural ecosystems and human health. In this study, we investigated MP particle concentrations in sediment samples collected from 54 sites along the banks of the Yangtze River and its major tributaries and on lakeshores. The main polymer types found in the samples were polypropylene (PP), polystyrene (PS) and polyethylene (PE). MP particle abundance in the various types of locations was 35-51,968 particles/kg dry weight (d.w.) on the banks of the main river, 52-1463 particles/kg (d.w.) on the banks of tributaries and 2574-23,685 particles/kg (d.w.) on lakeshores. Correlation between MP abundance and mean annual runoff of each upstream tributary was significant, which suggests that increased runoff brings more microplastic waste to streambank sediments. The most common shape of MP particles in all upstream samples was flake, and in downstream samples it was foam. Small microplastic particles ( 0.50 mm) were predominant at all sites in this study, and the minimum particle size in samples from the Yangtze river banks was 0.065 mm. Average abundance of MP particles on the shores of the source lake was 9069 particles/kg around the inlet but only 866 particles/kg around the outlet; the difference was due to interception associated with sedimentation and precipitation in the lake. Our study represents the large-scale study of MPs contamination in sediment along the Yangtze River and provides important data regarding the accumulation and distribution of MPs in shoreline sediments of the upper, middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River, main tributaries and lakes in China.