Search

Face aging aims to render face images with desired age attribute. It has tremendous impact to a wide-range of applications, e.g., criminal investigation, entertainment. The rapid development of generative adversarial networks (GANs) has shown impressive results in face aging. Among them, the Conditional Adversarial Autoencoder (CAAE) proposed in 2017 has achieved good results in face aging. However, the generated faces still have the problems that the aging features are not obvious and the identity information are not well maintained. In addition, research have shown that the human aging process is affected by genes. Different races have different external characteristics of aging. However, the current research does not take the racial factor into account, ignores the racial differences in the aging process. It affects the accuracy of transformation. To solve the above problems, this paper proposes a cross-age face synthesis based on conditional adversarial autoencoder: First, a conditional adversarial autoencoder is used as the infrastructure to build a cross-age face synthesis model based on race constraints. Secondly, the discriminator is composed of a discriminant network and a classification network, and a category loss function is designed to generate a real face that matches the target age; Finally, the model uses a identity feature extractor and a discriminator of the multi-scale architecture. Through multi-level discrimination from pixel values to high-level semantic information, the loss of personal identity features is minimized. UTKFace and MegaAge-Asian datasets are used in the experiment. Three comparative experiments are designed for the above improvements. The results show that the racial constraints make the generated images effectively maintain the racial characteristics, such as skin color and texture; The classification function of the discriminator improves the aging effect; The design of the multi-scale discriminator enables the generated face to have more stable local structure and identity information. Through qualitative and quantitative analysis, it is shown that this method has higher aging accuracy and identity retention than the CAAE method.

Displacement is an important measure of stiffness, and its constraint must be considered in many real engineering designs. However, traditional volume-constrained compliance minimization methods for load-bearing structures do not deal with displacements of practical importance directly. Based on this situation, the paper extends an improved bionic topology optimization method to solve the topology optimization problem with an additional displacement constraint. The updates of density design variables are based on an improved bone remodeling algorithm rather than gradient information employed by traditional methods. An explicit relationship between the threshold in the bone remodeling algorithm and target node displacement is constructed to satisfy displacement constraint. As a result, one will obtain a topology with an optimal cost-weighted sum of stiffness and mass while the target node displacement does not exceed its predefined limit. 2D and 3D examples are given to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.

Adaptive interaction system in flight control always aims to enhance the pilot's situation awareness (SA) to achieve human-in-the-loop control. Most adaptive interaction systems are always activated according to the pilot's current workload state. However, the pilot may already lose important information during a high workload, and thus the corresponding reaction of the adaptive interaction system would lag. Moreover, most adaptive interaction systems adopt the expert's knowledge as a reference to generate information. Still, the tacit knowledge that reveals the information interrelationship is seldom studied, despite being the foundation of the interactive information display. To solve the above problems, we proposed an adaptive interaction system architecture with three subsystems. Firstly, we developed a workload level prediction subsystem, where physiological parameters are used to predict future workload levels, thus avoiding interaction system lag; Secondly, we developed a tacit expert knowledge mining subsystem to discover the interrelationship hidden in the expert's perceived information, which will guide the interactive information interface. Thirdly, we developed a tips information inference subsystem to provide the lost SA information based on expert knowledge and the pilot's online perceived information. The effectiveness of the proposed system is verified via a comparative experiment utilizing the control interface of a remotely piloted aircraft.

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most fatal tumours worldwide and has a high recurrence rate. Nevertheless, the mechanism of HCC genesis remains partly unexplored, while the efficiency of HCC treatments remains limited. The present study analysed the expression of nuclear receptor subfamily 4 group A member 1 (NR4A1) in tumour-infiltrating natural killer (NK) cells derived from both human patients with HCC and tumour-bearing mouse models, as well as the features of NR4A1

Developing an efficient method to improve the photocatalytic efficiency of graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) is of great significance for solar H2 production. Electronic structure modulation has be...

Tree peony (Paeonia suffruticosa Andr.) is a popular cut flower among ornamental plants. However, its short vase life severely hinders the production and application of cut tree peony flowers. To extend the postharvest longevity and improve the horticultural value, silver nanoparticles (Ag-NPs) was applied for reducing bacterial proliferation and xylem blockage in cut tree peony flowers in vitro and in vivo. Ag-NPs was synthesized with the leaf extract of Eucommia ulmoides and characterized. The Ag-NPs aqueous solution showed inhibitory activity against bacterial populations isolated from stem ends of cut tree peony ‘Luoyang Hong’ in vitro. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was 10 mg L−1. Compared with the control, pretreatments with Ag-NPs aqueous solution at 5 and 10 mg L−1 for 24 h increased flower diameter, relative fresh weight (RFW), and water balance of tree peony ‘Luoyang Hong’ flowers. Additionally, malondialdehyde (MDA) and H2O2 content in pretreated petals were lower than the control during the vase life. The activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) in pretreated petals were lower than that of the control at the early vase stage and higher at the late vase life. Furthermore, pretreatments with Ag-NPs aqueous solution at 10 mg L−1 for 24 h could reduce bacterial proliferation in the xylem vessels on the stem ends by confocal laser scanning microscope (CLSM) and scanning electron microscope (SEM). Overall, pretreatments with green synthesized Ag-NPs aqueous solution effectively reduced bacteria-induced xylem blockage of cut tree peony, resulting in improved water uptake, extended vase life, and enhanced postharvest quality. Therefore, this technique can be used as a promising postharvest technology in the cut flower industry.

Medical diagnosis is the basis for modern medical treatment planning, rapid and accurate testing is responsible for patients’ lives and health. Thanks to increasingly sophisticated large-scale data collection techniques, the advantages of big data and artificial intelligence technologies for data analysis are gradually coming to the fore. However, medical data mostly have missing items and non-human biases, and common algorithms often show instability in learning data distribution patterns. In this paper, a feature interpolation algorithm based on feature importance is proposed for thyroid disease classification dataset, and a dynamic assignment integration model is designed to further optimize the weight assignment of the integration model in terms of distance and accuracy, which improves the accuracy and smoothness of the model. The classification accuracy reaches 94.75%, which is 2.45% higher than the original model, and the index AUC is almost the same as the original model. The generalization learning performance is poor because the deep learning algorithm lacks the support of a priori knowledge in learning data features. In this paper, the convolutional model is introduced to the sequence data prediction and propose a feature-enhanced small network EdcNet, and combine it with the feature interpolation algorithm to explore the role and effect of lightweight convolution in sequence analysis, and the final classification accuracy and AUC reach 95.6% and 99.1%, respectively.

T cell quiescence is essential for maintaining a broad repertoire against a large pool of diverse antigens from microbes and tumors, but the underlying molecular mechanisms remain largely unknown. We show here that CD8α is critical for the maintenance of CD8+T cells in a physiologically quiescent state in peripheral lymphoid organs. Upon inducible deletion of CD8α, both naïve and memory CD8+T cells spontaneously acquired activation phenotypes and subsequently died without exposure to specific antigens. PILRα was identified as a ligand for CD8α in both mice and humans, and disruption of this interaction was able to break CD8+T cell quiescence. Thus, peripheral T cell pool size is actively maintained by the CD8α–PILRα interaction in the absence of antigen exposure.

Nanocarbons have shown great potential as a sustainable alternative to metal catalysts, but their powder form limits their industrial applications. The preparation of nanocarbon-based monolithic catalysts is a practical approach for overcoming the resulting pressure drop associated with their powder form. In our previous work, a ploycation-mediated approach was used to successfully prepare nanocarbon-containing monoliths. Unfortunately, because there are no macropores in the monolith, it needs to be crashed into millimeter-sized particles before application. Therefore, developing a facile method for preparing mechanically robust nanocarbon-based macroporous monolithic catalysts is vital but still challenging. Herein, evoked by swallows building their nests, we report an approach for successfully preparing a mechanically robust nanodiamond-based macroporous monolith catalyst by plastering melamine sponge (MS) with a slurry composed of nanodiamonds (NDs) and poly(imidazolium-methylene) chloride (PImM) followed by an annealing process. The macroporous monolith catalyst (ND/NC

This work presents biomass-derived carbon modified N-deficient seaweed-like tubular g-C3N4 by facile thermal polymerization of freeze-dried sodium alginate, KOH and urea mixture, generating efficient and low-cost photocatalyst for H2 production.

Supplementary methods, figure legends and tables

Supplementary Figures

Purpose:Immunotherapies targeting immune checkpoint molecules have shown promising treatment for a subset of cancers; however, many “cold” tumors, such as prostate cancer, remain unresponsive. We aimed to identify a potential targetable marker relevant to prostate cancer and develop novel immunotherapy.Experimental Design:Analysis of transcriptomic profiles at single-cell resolution was performed in clinical patients' samples, along with integrated analysis of multiple RNA-sequencing datasets. The antitumor activity of YY001, a novel EP4 antagonist, combined with anti–programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) antibody was evaluated both in vitro and in vivo.Results:We identified EP4 (PTGER4) as expressed in epithelial cells and various immune cells and involved in modulating the prostate cancer immune microenvironment. YY001, a novel EP4 antagonist, inhibited the differentiation, maturation, and immunosuppressive function of myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSC) while enhancing the proliferation and anticancer functions of T cells. Furthermore, it reversed the infiltration levels of MDSCs and T cells in the tumor microenvironment by overturning the chemokine profile of tumor cells in vitro and in vivo. The combined immunotherapy demonstrated a robust antitumor immune response as indicated by the robust accumulation and activation of CD8+ cytotoxic T cells, with a significantly decreased MDSC ratio and reduced MDSC immunosuppression function.Conclusions:Our study identified EP4 as a specific target for prostate cancer immunotherapy and demonstrated that YY001 inhibited the growth of prostate tumors by regulating the immune microenvironment and strongly synergized with anti–PD-1 antibodies to convert completely unresponsive prostate cancers into responsive cancers, resulting in marked tumor regression, long-term survival, and lasting immunologic memory.

Background Group B Streptococcus (GBS), also referred as Streptococcus agalactiae, is one of the leading causes of life-threatening invasive diseases such as bacteremia, meningitis, pneumonia and urinary tract infection in pregnant women and neonates. Rates of GBS colonization vary by regions, but large-sample studies on maternal GBS status are limited in southern China. As a result, the prevalence of GBS among pregnant women and its associated risk factors and the efficacy of intrapartum antibiotic prophylaxis (IAP) intervention in preventing adverse pregnancy and neonatal outcomes remain poorly understood in southern China. Methods To fill this gap, we retrospectively analyzed demographic and obstetrical data of pregnant women who have undergone GBS screening and delivered between 2016 and 2018 in Xiamen, China. A total of 43,822 pregnant women were enrolled and only a few GBS-positive women did not receive IAP administration. Possible risk factors for GBS colonization were assayed by univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis. Generalized linear regression model was applicated to analyze whether IAP is one of the impact factors of the hospital length of stay of the target women. Results The overall GBS colonization rate was 13.47% (5902/43,822). Although women > 35 years old (P = 0.0363) and women with diabetes mellitus (DM, P = 0.001) had a higher prevalence of GBS colonization, the interaction between ages and GBS colonization was not statistically significant in Logistic Regression analysis (adjusted OR = 1.0014; 95% CI, 0.9950, 1.0077). The rate of multiple births was significantly dropped in GBS-positive group than that of GBS-negative group (P = 0.0145), with no significant difference in the rate of fetal reduction (P = 0.3304). Additionally, the modes of delivery and the incidences of abortion, premature delivery, premature rupture of membranes, abnormal amniotic fluid and puerperal infection were not significantly different between the two groups. The hospitalization stays of the subjects were not influenced by GBS infection. As for neonatal outcomes, the cases of fetal death in maternal GBS-positive group did not statistically differ from that in maternal GBS-negative group. Conclusion Our data identified that pregnant women with DM are at high risk of GBS infection and IAP is highly effective in prevention of adverse pregnancy and neonatal outcomes. This stressed the necessity of universal screening of maternal GBS status and IAP administration to the target population in China, and women with DM should be considered as priorities.

BackgroundEvaluation of the therapeutic effects of cerclage on preterm birth (PTB) caused by cervical incompetence remains challenging. The vaginal microbiome is associated with preterm births. Thus, this study aimed to analyse the vaginal microbiota of patients with cervical incompetence, explore the relationship between the composition of the vaginal microbiota before cervical cerclage and at term delivery, and assess the effect of cervical cerclage on the vaginal microbiota.MethodsPatients (n = 30) underwent cerclage performed by the same surgical team. Vaginal swabs were obtained pre-surgery and seven days post-surgery. A gestational age-matched cohort of healthy pregnant women (n = 20) (no particular abnormality during pregnancy, delivery at term) was used as the control group and sampled during a comparable pregnancy. All collected vaginal swabs were analysed by 16S rRNA gene sequencing.ResultsWhen comparing the healthy control and cervical cerclage groups, the enriched microorganism in the healthy controls was G. Scardovia, and the enriched microorganism of the cerclage was G. Streptococcus. α diversity was significantly increased in patients who received cerclage with preterm delivery compared with those with full-term delivery, and the enriched microorganism was F. Enterococcus. A comparison before and after nonemergency cerclage suggested that the enriched microorganisms were G. Lactobacillus and F. Lactobacillaceae before surgery. After nonemergency cerclage, the enriched microorganisms were F. Enterobacteriaceae and C. Gammaproteobacteria. Vaginal microbiota diversity significantly increased, and the proportion of women with Lactobacillus spp.-depleted microbiomes increased after emergency cerclage. Significant differences in β diversity were found between the groups. Before the emergency cerclage, the enriched microorganisms were G. Lactobacillus, O. Alteromonadales, and P. Firmicutes. After emergency cerclage, the enriched microorganisms were P. Actinobacteria, C. Actinobacteria, P. Proteobacteria, F. Bifidobacteriaceae, O. Bifidobacteriales, G. Gardnerella, and G. Veillonella.ConclusionCerclage (particularly emergency cerclage) may alter the vaginal microbiota by increasing microbiota diversity, decreasing vaginal Lactobacillus abundance, and increasing the abundance of pathogenic bacteria that are not conducive to pregnancy maintenance, thereby affecting surgical efficacy. Therefore, the role of the vaginal microbiome should be considered when developing treatment strategies for pregnant women with cervical incompetence.Clinical trial registrationhttps://www.chictr.org.cn, identifier ChiCTR2100046305.

GH4169 superalloy is widely used in the manufacture of key components such as high-pressure turbine disks, turbine blades and combustion chambers of gas turbines and aero-engines. However, mechanical and metallurgical properties of the surface layer have changed significantly on account of the cutting process, which is easy to cause fatigue failure. Therefore, surface strengthening of GH4169 superalloy subjected to ultrasonic surface rolling process (USRP) is investigated, involved with the mechanical properties and microstructure of the surface layer. The findings demonstrate that the USRP treatment reduces the surface roughness of the basis sample by 93% (from 1.17 µm to 0.08 µm). The USRP treatments improve the degree of the grain refinement, the number proportion of low angle grain boundaries and dislocation density. The depth of residual compressive stress layer and hardened layer of the samples subjected to USRP treatment are improved to 0.6 mm. Moreover, finite element models are utilized to aid in the research of the USRP treatment, especially the stress and strain fields.

T-cells, being the major player in adaptive immune system mediating cellular immunity, have become a central focus for engaging the immune system in fighting against cancer. Their activation is initiated by recognition of antigen/major histocompatibility complexes by the T-cell receptor (TCR) and enhanced by engagement of co-stimulatory receptor. In recent years, various immunotherapies deploying T-cell immunity have made immense progress, including chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T therapy, checkpoint blockage, and CD3-based bispecific antibodies. Here we report the development of a novel trispecific antibody to CD19, CD3, and CD28, with an emphasis on the co-engagement of both CD3/TCR complex and CD28 co-stimulatory receptor for sustained T cell activation. Compared with the BiTE-CD19xCD3 lacking the co-stimulatory domain, the trispecific antibody augmented T cell proliferation and differentiation into memory T cells. It induced faster tumor cell lysis than the bispecific antibody, preferably through direct tumor lysis by CD8 T cells. RNAseq analysis revealed that the trispecific antibody modulates TCR complex-derived signal at multiple aspects, including amplification of transcriptional factors, promoting production of cytokines, positive regulation of cell cycle, and upregulation of anti-apoptotic factors to influence survival of T-cells. Markedly increased tumor inhibition effects and prolonged survival were observed in vivo in humanized mouse model. By extra engagement of a co-stimulatory receptor to prolong the survival of activated T cells, our study has proposed another possibility to extend the pharmacology effect of tandem single-chain variable fragments (scFv)-based antibody, which is worthy of further exploration in clinical trial settings.

Objectives The purpose of this study was to explore the effects and mechanisms of scalp acupuncture on necroptosis and inflammatory injury after intracerebral hemorrhage in rats. Methods A total of 168 male Sprague–Dawley rats were divided into the sham operation group, intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) group, scalp acupuncture group, and Nec-1 group. The Garcia score was used to evaluate neurological function. The occurrence of necroptosis after ICH was observed by propidium iodide staining, immunofluorescence co-localization, and transmission electron microscopy. The protein expression of RIP1, RIP3, and MLKL was detected by immunohistochemistry and Western blot analysis, and the levels of TNF-α and IL-1β were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Brain water content was measured by the dry wet weight method. Results The results showed that scalp acupuncture could alleviate neurologic deficits, inhibit the occurrence of necroptosis, decrease the expression of RIP1, RIP3, and MLKL, reduce the release of TNF-α and IL-1β, and reduce brain edema. This effect was similar to the effect of the necroptosis-specific inhibitor Nec-1. Conclusion Our study showed that scalp acupuncture may inhibit RIP1/RIP3/MLKL-mediated necroptosis in rats following ICH. In addition, the anti-inflammatory effect and the reduction of brain edema by acupuncture after ICH may be achieved partly through the inhibition of necroptosis.

Mixed-mode I–II crack-based fatigue crack propagation (FCPI–II) usually occurs in engineering structures; however, no theoretical formula or effective compliance test methods have been established for FCPI–II to date. For mixed-mode I–II flawed components, based on the principle of mean-value energy equivalence, we propose a theoretical method to describe the relationship between material elastic parameters, geometrical dimensions, load (or displacement), and energy. Based on the maximum circumferential stress criterion, we propose a uniform compliance model for compact tensile shear (CTS) specimens with horizontal cracks deflecting and propagating (flat-folding propagation) under different loading angles, geometries, and materials. Along with an innovative design of the fixture of CTS specimens used for FCPI–II tests, we develop a new compliance-based testing method for FCPI–II. For the 30Cr2Ni4MoV rotor steel, the FCP rates of mode I, mode II, and mixed-mode I–II cracks were obtained via FCP tests using compact tension, Arcan, and CTS specimens, respectively. The obtained da/dN versus ΔJ curves of the FCP rates are close. The loading angle α and dimensionless initial crack length a0/W demonstrated negligible effects on the FCP rates. Hence, the FCP rates of mode I crack can be used to predict the residual life of structural crack propagation.

Many-objective optimization problems (MaOPs) refer to those multi-objective problems (MOPs) withmore than three objectives. In order to solve MaOPs, a multi-objective particle swarm optimization algorithm based on new fitness assignment and multi cooperation strategy(FAMSHMPSO) is proposed. Firstly, this paper proposes a new fitness allocation method based on fuzzy information theory to enhance the convergence of the algorithm. Then a new multi criteria mutation strategy is introduced to disturb the population and improve the diversity of the algorithm. Finally, the external files are maintained by the three-point shortest path method, which improves the quality of the solution. The performance of FAMSHMPSO algorithm is evaluated by evaluating the mean value, standard deviation and IGD+ index of the target value on dtlz test function set of different targets of FAMSHMPSO algorithm and other five representative multi-objective evolutionary algorithms. The experimental results show that FAMSHMPSO algorithm has obvious performance advantages in convergence, diversity and robustness.

Pervious pavement showed lower inhibition on tree growth and biomass than impervious pavement and ash is more tolerant and more suitable to be planted on pavement than pine and maple. Trees are widely planted on paved soil in urban environments. However, little is known about the effects of altered microenvironments on the growth and biomass of trees. In this study, seedlings of three common urban trees, pine (Pinus tabuliformis Carr.), ash (Fraxinus chinensis Roxb.), and maple (Acer truncatum Bunge) were planted on pervious and impervious pavements for over 6 years. Unpaved soil was used as a control. Pavement significantly increased surface and soil temperatures, and altered soil moisture. Pervious pavement had higher surface and soil temperatures and soil moisture than impervious pavement. Compared with the control, tree biomass significantly decreased by 27.1–40.7% for all the three species under impervious pavement, while tree biomass significantly decreased by 28.6% only for maple under pervious pavement. Tree biomass was negatively related to soil temperature and positively to soil moisture. Heat stress caused by pavement could be alleviated as trees grow because of the progressive shading of tree canopy. Management practices such as prevention of heat and drought stresses, selection of tolerant species and use of pervious pavement should be advocated for promoting urban greening.

BACKGROUND To investigate the incidence and risk factors of oral mucositis in patients with malignant tumors. METHODS A total of 74 patients with malignant tumors who were hospitalized in the Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University from January 2020 to December 2020 were selected and divided into two groups according to whether oral mucositis occurred (n=45) or not (n=29). Chi-square test was used to compare the general data between the two groups, and multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to investigate the risk factors of oral mucositis in patients with malignant tumors. RESULTS Oral mucositis occurred in 45 of 74 malignant tumor patients (60.8%), and the incidence in patients with head and neck tumors was significantly higher than in those with chest and abdomen tumors (P

Nickel-based superalloys are favored because of high fatigue strength, corrosion resistance and oxidation resistance. However, the characteristics of high hardness, poor heat dissipation and sticking make the machinability of nickel-based superalloys poor, which is more serious for interrupted processing. Therefore, honeycomb ceramic tools are utilized to turn GH4169. Cutting and impact force, wear patterns and mechanism of honeycomb ceramic tools are analyzed. The results demonstrate that the impact force is greater than the average cutting force. Fractures, chipping and adhesion are the main wear characteristics of honeycomb ceramic tools. Furthermore, adhesive, abrasive and diffusion wear are the main wear mechanisms.

In this article, a series of coumarin derivative fluorescent probes have been synthesized, which can realize simple, rapid and sensitive detection of Pd2+. We tested the fluorescence properties of three fluorescent probes, (E)-N′-(((4-chloropyridin-2-yl) methylene)-7-(diethylamino)-2-oxo-2H-chromene-3-carbohy (CMDCC) has the better fluorescence properties and anti-interference ability. Then, CMDCC as the fluorescence probe for detection of Pd2+ was systematic studied. Under optimized conditions, this probe has a wide pH range, a lower detection limit (4.45 × 10−8 mol L-1), and a faster response speed (3 min). In the Pd2+ concentration range of 0.1−5 μmol L-1, the fluorescence intensity of this probe and concentration of Pd2+ show a good linear response. In this work, Pd2+ content in organic waste liquid was successfully detected and a standard addition test was also performed. The satisfactory recovery rate was obtained. Moreover, it can be observed with naked eyes that the palladium ion changes the solution color of CMDCC from green to red. This color change can easily be compared with other metal salts. It indicates that CMDCC can also detect Pd2+ by colorimetric method. Therefore, CMDCC should be used to rapidly, conveniently detect Pd2+ in environmental samples.

We theoretically investigate the non-sequential double ionization of Ar atoms in the combined fields of linearly polarized laser and circularly polarized laser through 3D semiclassical simulations. By partially overlapping the two time-delayed multicycle laser pulses, we construct an optical waveform whose polarization ellipticity increase slowly for consecutive optical cycles. This composite laser pulses with the time-dependent ellipticity can tunnel-ionize atoms and steer the first tunneling electron to recollision with the second bound electron through different trajectories, in which the recollision occurs with different return times of the first ionized electron. Through tuning delay time between the two laser pulses, the double ionization yields and recollision trajectories with different return times can be controlled. The time-dependent ellipticity with different delay time can enhance or suppress the probability of different return times. This work provides a scheme exploring electron dynamics in few optical cycle or even subcycle time scale in a multicycle laser field without having to be limited to near-single-cycle laser pulses.

Attention allocation reflects the way of humans filtering and organizing the information. On one hand, different task scenarios seriously affect human's rule of attention distribution, on the other hand, visual attention reflecting the cognitive and psychological process. Most of the previous studies on visual attention allocation are based on cognitive models, predicted models, or statistical analysis of eye movement data or visual images, however, these methods are inadequate to provide an inside view of gaze behavior to reveal the attention distribution pattern within scenario context. Moreover, they seldom study the association rules of these patterns. Therefore, we adopted the big data mining approach to discover the paradigm of visual attention distribution.We applied the data mining method to extract the gaze patterns to discover the regularities of attention distribution behavior within the scenario context. The proposed method consists of three components, tasks scenario segmented and clustered, gaze pattern mining, and association rule of frequent pattern mining.The proposed approach is tested on the operation platform. The complex operation task is simultaneously segmented and clustered with the TICC-based method and evaluated by the BCI index. The operator's eye movement frequent patterns and their association rule are discovered. The results demonstrate that our method can associate the eye-tracking data with the task-oriented scene data.The proposed method provides the benefits of being able to explicitly express and quantitatively analyze people's visual attention patterns. The proposed method can not only be applied in the field of aerospace medicine and aviation psychology, but also can likely be applied to computer-aided diagnosis and follow-up tool for neurological disease and cognitive impairment related disease, such as ADHD (Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder), neglect syndrome, social attention differences in ASD (Autism spectrum disorder).

Steroid estrogens have received worldwide attention and given rise to great challenges of aquatic ecosystems security, posing potential adverse effects on aquatic organisms and human health even at low levels (ng/L). The present study focused on understanding the mobility and abiotic transformation of estrone (E1) and estrone-3-sulfate (E1-3S) over spatial and time scales during soil transport. Column transport experiments showed that the migration capacity of E1-3S was far stronger than E1 in soil. The calculated groundwater ubiquity score and leachability index values also indicated the high leaching mobility of E1-3S. The hydrolysis of E1-3S and abiotic transformation into estradiol and estriol was observed in the sterilized soil. Furthermore, possible transformation products (e.g., SE239, E2378, E1 dimer538, E1-E2 dimer541) of E1 and E1-3S in soil were analyzed and identified after the column transport experiments. The estrogenic activity was estimated by 17β-estradiol equivalency values during the transport process in aqueous and soil phases. Additionally, the potential leaching transport to groundwater of E1-3S requires further critical concern.

Ant colony algorithm has great advantages in solving some NP complete problems, but it also has some problems such as slow search speed, low convergence accuracy and easy to fall into local optimum. In order to balance the contradiction between the convergence accuracy and the convergence speed of ant colony algorithm, this paper first proposes an ant colony algorithm (RIACO) based on the reinforcement excitation theory of Burrus Frederic Skinner. In this algorithm, pheromone is stimulated and its volatilization coefficient is adjusted adaptively according to the iteration times, thus the speed of ant colony search is accelerated. Secondly, based on the characteristics of real ant colony classification and division of labor, this paper proposes an ant colony algorithm based on labor division and cooperation (LCACO). The algorithm divides the ant colony into two different types of ant colony for information exchange and improves the state transition probability formula, so that the two ant colonies can search the optimal path cooperatively, so as to improve the precision of ant colony search. Finally, combining the two improved ant colony algorithms, this paper proposes an adaptive cooperative ant colony optimization algorithm based on reinforcement incentive (SMCAACO). A multi constrained vehicle routing problem (MCVRP) is compared with the classical tabu search algorithm (TS), variable neighborhood search algorithm (VNS) and basic ant colony algorithm (ACO). The experimental results show that, in solving the mcvrp problem, the algorithm proposed in this paper not only has a good performance in the solution results, but also achieves a good balance between the convergence speed and the convergence accuracy.