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Stabilizing a solid electrolyte interface (SEI) film on the Si surface is a prerequisite for realizing silicon (Si) anode applications. Interfacial engineering is one of the effective strategies to construct stable SEI films on Si surfaces and improve the electrochemical performance of the Si anodes. This work develops a silver (Ag)-decorated mucic acid (MA) buffer interface on the Si surface and the obtained Si@MA*Ag anode retains 1567 mAh g

Different sagittal morphologies are associated with various lumbar degenerative diseases. In this paper, we aim to investigate the association between Roussouly classification and the characteristics of lumbar degeneration.A total of 273 patients with lumbar degeneration diseases were included in this cross-sectional study. The patients were divided into 4 groups according to the Roussouly classification. The degeneration of intervertebral disc (IVD) and facet joint was evaluated by Pfirrmann and Pathria grading scales, respectively. Our goal was to elucidate the degenerative characteristics of diverse lumbar sagittal morphologies by comparing the degeneration degree of IVDs and facet joints between 4 groups.The differences in sacral slope and lumbar lordosis were significant between the 4 groups (P0.05). Type 2 lumbar spine had the highest proportion of high-grade disc degeneration compared with other subtypes (P0.05), types 1 and 2 had a higher proportion of high-grade degeneration than types 3 and 4 (P0.05). However, type 4 lumbar spine had the highest proportion of high-grade facet joint degeneration compared with other subtypes (P0.05), types 3 and 4 had a higher proportion of high-grade degeneration than types 1 and 2 (P0.05).Risks of advanced disc degeneration are higher for patients with lumbar spine morphologies of Roussouly type 1 or type 2, especially for patients with type 2 lumbar spine, whereas high-grade degeneration of facet joint tends to occur in type 3 and type 4 lumbar spine, especially for individuals with type 4 lumbar spine.

Transition metals with catalytic properties were expected to improve the fire resistance of the polymer. In this work, NiMoO

At present, the magnetic metal/carbon composites have been widely explored for microwave absorption (MA), which effectively integrate the characteristics of magnetic and dielectric materials. As a typical material, metal–organic framework (MOF) shows tremendous potential as a precursor or template. However, its development is limited by the inferior impedance matching. Herein, a novel rod-like Fe/Fe3O4/FeN/N-doped carbon (FON/NC) composite was synthesized via dual-ligand strategy and following calcination. The outer polypyrrole (PPy) shell, obtained by a facile polymerization method, effectively optimized the impedance matching and observably enhanced the MA capacity. Both the multi-component loss mechanism and unique porous core–shell structures of MOF-derived composites were beneficial for microwave attenuation. The effects of filler loadings (20 wt%, 25 wt%, 30 wt% and 35 wt%) on electromagnetic (EM) properties of FON/NC@PPy composites were discussed. Remarkably, as-obtained composites exhibited a minimum reflection loss (RL) value of −60.08 dB at the layer thickness of merely 1.44 mm and the widest effective absorption bandwidth (EAB, RL ≤ −10 dB) of 5.06 GHz at 1.64 mm with 30 wt% filler loading. This work provides a great reference for designing MOF-derived absorbers with high MA performance.

Tracking fails in the optimization step of conventional KLT (Kanade-Lucas-Tomasi) feature tracker mainly due to the inadequate initial condition that falls out of the convergence region, especially when a camera rotates rapidly or shakes severely. To overcome the problem, we propose a pixel-aware gyro-aided KLT feature tracker that remains accurate and robust under fast camera-ego motion conditions. In particular, we develop a pixel-aware gyro-aided feature prediction algorithm to predict the initial optical flow and obtain the patch deformation matrix of each feature point. It increases the probability of initial estimates to locate in its convergence region. Unlike the existing methods, which assume all the tracked feature pairs were constrained by the same homography prediction matrix, our prediction matrix is adjustable for each feature as it considers the pixel coordinates in the prediction process. A geometric validation based on homography and fundamental check is also adopted to remove outlier tracks. Experimental results on both public datasets and real-world sequences demonstrate that the feature tracking accuracy and robustness can be significantly improved by the proposed method. To facilitate further development, the code is publicly available at https://github.com/weibohuang0314/ pixel aware gyro aided klt feature tracker.

An ultrathin, flexible, and high-strength Ti3C2Tx MXene film enhanced by “pyrrole bridge” is constructed. The obtained film demonstrates excellent EMI SE of 64.5 dB in the gigahertz range and 71.4 dB in the terahertz band at 4 μm.

Fluoroethylene carbonate (FEC) is an important electrolyte additive in silicon (Si) anodes. However, it is easily defluorinated by Lewis acids (PF5−) to form harmful corrosive substances (HF). To overcome this problem, 1-Hydroxyethylidene-1, 1-diphosphonic acid (HEDP), a novel multifunctional surface modifier is developed on the Si surface. It can not only consume HF, but also participate in the formation of a solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) film with excellent electrochemical stability, high lithium conductivity, and good thermal stability. In addition, Si@HEDP anode with polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) binder exhibits much improved electrochemical performance. After 500 cycles at 30 °C, a high reversible capacity of 1831.8 mAh g − 1 is obtained; and after 200 cycles at 60 °C, it still maintains 2163.8 mAh g − 1; which are in sharp contrast to the reference Si anode of almost zero capacity after 25 cycles. This work overcomes the fundamental challenges of using FEC electrolyte additive and PVDF binder in Si-based batteries.

The electrochemical performance of lithium ion batteries is closely related to the solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) film formed on anode surface. Despite the widespread commercialization of graphite anodes, SEI still suffers from unsatisfactory stability, leading to gradual loss of active lithium ions and capacity degradation of batteries. Here organic small molecular salts with unsaturated bonds and diverse anions are coated on graphite particles and work as substrates to form a modified SEI. The C C double bond-containing organic salts, sodium acrylate (SA), sodium vinylsulfonate (SVS) and vinyl sodium phosphate (VSP), possessing carboxylate, sulfonate and phosphate groups, respectively, are rationally selected and their effects on the SEI and electrochemical properties of graphite anodes are systematically investigated. SVS modified graphite generates a SEI film with high flexibility, good compactness and lithium ions conductivity owning to the in-situ polymerization of carbon double bonds and polarity of ionic sulfonate groups. Accordingly, the first coulombic efficiency, rate capability and cycle life of graphite anodes are improved in both half cell and LiNi0·6Co0·2Mn0·2O2-based full cell testing.

Herein, coralloid core-shell structure NiS/Ni3S4@PPy@MoS2 nanowires were elaborately designed and successfully synthesized through a three-step route to obtain exceptional microwave absorption (MA) properties. Ni nanowires were first fabricated, and then used as the substrate to be coated with a layer of PPy. Ni chalcogenides were obtained by using Ni nanowire as sacrificial templates while growing MoS2 nanorods by hydrothermal method. Both the one-dimensional (1D) core-shell structure and the coralloid surface generated by MoS2 nanorods were beneficial for the attenuation of microwaves. After investigating the electromagnetic properties of different loading content absorbers (30 wt.%, 40 wt.% and 50 wt.%), it is found that the 50 wt.% loading absorber has the optimal MA performance. The minimum reflection loss (RLmin) value can reach −51.29 dB at 10.1 GHz with a thickness of 2.29 mm, and the corresponding effective absorption bandwidth (EAB, RL

Study design Diagnostic accuracy study. Objectives Previous studies have reported the clinical application of the Vertebral Bone Quality (VBQ) scores for assessing bone density in operative lumbar spine patients. We aim to explore whether the method could be modified and applicable for patients undergoing cervical spine surgery. Methods Adult patients receiving cervical spine surgery for degenerative diseases between September 2020 and March 2022 with non-contrast T1-weighted MRI and DEXA were included. Correlation between cervical VBQ scores and DEXA T-scores was analyzed using Pearson’s correlation. Student’s t test was used to present the discrepancy between the VBQ of patients with normal bone density (T ≥ -1.0) and patients with osteopenia/osteoporosis (T < -1.0). Statistical significance was set at P < .05. Results Eighty-three patients (20 patients with T ≥ -1.0 vs 63 patients with T < -1.0 ) were included. Significant difference was found between the cervical VBQ between groups (2.99 ± .79 vs 3.80 ± .81, P < .001). Interclass correlation coefficient for inter-rater reliability was .82 (95% CI: .70-.93) and .91(95% CI: .84-.97) for intra-rater reliability. The area under the ROC curve was .78 (95% CI: .65-.90). The DEXA T-score of the femoral neck, total hip and the lowest DEXA T-score were found to be significantly correlated with the cervical VBQ score according to Pearson correlation analysis ( P < .001). Conclusions This is the first study to apply the VBQ method to assess the bone density in preoperative cervical spine patients. Cervical VBQ scores were significantly correlated with DEXA T-score. With an overall accuracy of .78, the radiation-free and cost-effective method could be a potential tool for screening patients with osteopenia and osteoporosis before surgery.

This study applied VR technology to the ERP simulation experiment teaching, introducing the optimized collision detection algorithm. In the established virtual ERP simulation experiment environment, the data visualization operation is carried out on the very important data content in the ERP experiment, so that the system can predict the students’ operation in real time when the students interact. Thus, it reduces the unreality of the interaction. In addition, we improve the AABB bounding box based on B+ tree storage to improve the efficiency of inter-model collision detection and reduce the occupation and consumption of system memory during detection. Finally, the framework of Bayesian predictive filtering algorithm is introduced to predict the students’ simple interactive operation and the orientation of object model. This model optimizes the whole immersive experience teaching of ERP based on VR technology, and makes a certain contribution to meet the talent demand in the context of big data.

Polymer matrix is vulnerable to fire hazards and needs to add flame retardants to enhance its performance and make its application scenarios more extensive. At this stage, it is more necessary to add multiple flame-retardant elements and build a multi-component synergistic system. Metal organic frameworks (MOFs) have been studied for nearly three decades since their introduction. MOFs are known for their structural advantages but have only been applied to flame-retardant polymers for a relatively short period of time. In this paper, we review the development of MOFs utilized as flame retardants and analyze the flame-retardant mechanisms in the gas phase and condensed phase from the original MOF materials, modified MOF composites, and MOF-derived composites as flame retardants, respectively. The effects of carbon-based materials, phosphorus-based materials, nitrogen-based materials, and biomass on the flame-retardant properties of polymers are discussed in the context of MOFs. The construction of MOF multi-structured flame retardants is also introduced, and a variety of MOF-based flame retardants with different morphologies are shown to broaden the ideas for subsequent research.

Designing one-dimensional (1D) magnetic-carbon composites microwave absorbers is a promising strategy that can meet the current demand for high-performance microwave absorption (MA) materials. In this work, hierarchical structured Fe3O4/Fe@C@MoS2 nanofibers were successfully obtained via a simple three-step method. 1D Fe3O4/Fe@C nanofibers were fabricated through electrospinning technology and in-situ polymerization followed by carbonization and reduction in H2/N2 atmosphere. MoS2 nanosheets grew irregularly on the surface of 1D Fe3O4/Fe@C nanofibers to form the flower-like structure. The morphology, composition and magnetism of samples were systematically investigated. Furthermore, electromagnetic characteristics and MA properties of Fe3O4/Fe@C nanofibers and Fe3O4/Fe@C@MoS2 nanofibers were compared. The minimum reflection loss (RLmin) of Fe3O4/Fe@C@MoS2 nanofibers could reach −53.79 dB at 11.12 GHz and the corresponding absorption bandwidth (RL

Background Knowledge concerning the curvature of the vertebrae through the transverse section is of clinical significance. However, relevant reports are scarce. This study investigated the features based on the cross-sections of lumbar vertebral endplates to provide information for clinical practice. Methods Computed tomography images of 78 subjects were retrospectively reviewed. The geometric morphometrics was performed, and the curvature of the vertebral endplates was calculated by the self-written MATLAB algorithm. The principal component analysis, the canonical variate analysis, the discriminant function analysis, and the Mann-Whitney U test were performed. Statistical significance was set at P Results No gender difference was found. In contrast, a morphologic difference was found between the superior and inferior lumbar vertebral endplates and between different segments. More specifically, the shape of the endplates gradually changes from the renal shape at superior L1 to the shell-like shape at inferior L5. The mean curvature values of the lateral anterior border were all around 0.60 cm−1, whereas the mean curvature values of the lateral posterior borders range from 0.66 to 1.09 cm−1 from L1 to L5. From L1 to L3, the mean and maximum curvature of the lateral posterior superior vertebral endplates decrease. The trend could also be found on the lateral posterior border of the inferior endplates from L1 to L3. Conclusions The current study described morphologic variations and curvature of the lumbar vertebral endplates, which have not been reported previously. The different curvature distribution could provide important information for surgeons and manufacturers.

This study extends the application field of VR technology, and studies on the physical image problem of inventory management in ERP immersive experiment under VR technology, using the SSD block matching algorithm and the panoramic image in-depth information extraction algorithm to extract the two-dimensional in-depth information in the panoramic images. Then we reconstructed the object in 3D. The results show that the image reconstructed in 3D is clearer, more stereoscopic, and interactive, which solve the problems of low resolution, distortion, and low interaction in ERP virtual teaching environment, while using multimedia and camera roaming to enhance students’ immersive experience, achieve high-precision, real scene, better virtual teaching environment interaction. It can be seen that the immersive ERP experiment based on VR technology is conducive to improving students ’professional ability and docking ability, as well as improving students’ overall cognitive ability and operation ability of the ERP system.

In order to further study the blast mitigation performance of polyurea and to investigate the protection mechanism and damage characteristics of polyurea-protected structures under contact explosion loads, based on earlier work, this paper investigated the response and energy absorption performance of polyurea under various frequency loads. Qtech T26 blast mitigation polyurea (T26 polyurea) was adopted to protect the reinforced concrete (RC) slab and damage analysis of the post-explosion specimens was carried out at micro and macro levels. The response and energy absorption capacity of the material towards different frequency loads were investigated by dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA). Protective performance of T26 polyurea on RC slab was examined with a 10 kg TNT contact explosion test. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was employed to analyze the microscopic fracture morphology of the typical areas of the coating after the explosion. The chemical structure changes of the blast-face coating before and after the explosion were compared by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The results show that the glass transition region of T26 polyurea is −40 °C to 10 °C, which is a large temperature range, and the microphase separation of T26 polyurea is low. It is significantly influenced by the ambient temperature and loading frequency. The energy absorption of T26 polyurea is realized through the interaction between the hard and soft segments. When the frequency is between 102 Hz and 106 Hz, the loss factor of T26 polyurea is between 0.20 and 0.31, which exhibits a good energy dissipation performance. In the contact explosion of 10 kg TNT, the fragmentation rate of the coated specimen decreased significantly compared with that of the unprotected specimen, realizing the zero fragmentation protection effect on the back-blast face. The maximum deformation area and the main energy absorption area of T26 polyurea under contact explosion is the ring area outside the longitudinal deformation area. The chemical structure of T26 polyurea changed significantly after the explosion; typically the N-H bonds, etc., were broken and the percentage of hydrogen bonding was reduced. T26 polyurea has realized the protection effect of zero fragmentation of large-equivalent contact explosion, which has a high application value for blast mitigation and blast-fragmentation prevention in actual engineering.

To build a model of an anatomical plate for oblique lumbar interbody fusion (OLIF) surgery based on previous anatomical parameters and verify the biomechanical effect with finite element analysis.The anatomical plate model was built with AutoCAD and Solidworks. Finite element models of the L2-3 and L4-5 segments were established with computed tomography images from a 46-year-old asymptomatic male individual. Six fixation technique models were created: (I) stand-alone (SA); (II) bilateral pedicle screws (BPS); (III) lateral rod-screw (LRS); (IV) lateral rod-screw plus facet screw (LRSFS); (V) two-screw lateral plate (TSLP); (VI) anatomical plate. The range of motion (ROM), the cage stress, and the instrument stress were calculated under different motion states.In the L2-3 and L4-5 segment models, except for a slightly higher maximum cage stress in the extension state of the TSLP model and the right bending and rotation states of the BPS model, the maximum cage stress in each model was smaller than that of the SA model. In the L2-3 and L4-5 segments, each internal fixation limited the ROM in each motion state. The anatomical plate was more effective in reducing the maximum cage stress and vertebral ROM than the two-screw plate. Three-dimensional finite element analysis did not find a higher risk of construct failure for the anatomical plate model compared with the BPS internal fixation model.Anatomical plates can be considered as supplementary fixations using a single incision and position to improve the stability and rigidity of the construction and reduce the risk of complications.

High voltage direct current has been more and more popular in modern transmission systems. Accurate fault location could help fault clearance and fast recovery of the faulted system. A stacked denoising autoencoder based fault location method for high voltage direct current transmission systems is proposed. The local measurements are analysed, and an end‐to‐end stacked denoising autoencoder‐based fault location is realised. Representative features are extracted with unsupervised learning and labelled as the input of the regression network for fine‐tuning in a supervised manner. The trained network can precisely map the local measurements and their corresponding fault distance. The performance of the proposed method is tested on a point‐to‐point high voltage direct current transmission system, which is modelled on the platform of PSCAD/EMTDC. The faults on both overhead lines and cables are considered, and the location performance in different scenarios are discussed. The simulation results show that the proposed method is effective in pinpointing faults location in various cases.

Silicon (Si) anodes are urgently required in the pursuit of high-energy-density batteries yet plagued by their large volumetric changes and the resultant fast capacity decay. The consensus is that polymeric binders are crucial to effectively secure the electrode integrity against repetitive lithiation/delithiation cycles. Herein, a molecular design of a multifunctional network is presented, created by grafting acrylamide (AAm) monomer onto poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) chains, followed by crosslinking to form a 3D network. In this design, the strong PVA backbone binds tightly to the Si surface with its hydroxyl groups, whereas the highly stretchable polyacrylamide (PAAm) branch endows the binder with adequate flexibility and improved Li+ conductivity. After proper optimization, the Si anode using the c-PVA-g-PAAm binder exhibits improved mechanics and surface chemistry. Thus, a high discharge capacity of 1590.5 mA h g−1 has been achieved after 500 deep cycles at a current density of 4.2 A g−1 (1C), corresponding to a capacity retention of 75.9%. At a high rate of 20C, the Si electrode is able to deliver a capacity of 2141.64 mA h g−1.

As important functional materials for absorbing and attenuating incident electromagnetic waves, microwave absorption (MA) materials have found a wide range of applications in civil and military fields. In addition to the study of the compositions, the structural design of the MA materials is also a research hotspot in the field. Among the various structures, the one-dimensional (1D) structure has drawn wide attention because of the unique shape anisotropy and spatial confinement effect. Electrospinning technology has become one of the main ways to prepare continuous 1D micro-nano fibers due to the advantages of many types of spinnable materials, low spinning cost, and high controllability of process parameters. This review involves an introduction and a classification of the research progresses achieved in electrospinning technology concerning MA nanofibers from the perspective of compositions, as well as the list of their minimum reflection loss (RLmin) and effective absorption bandwidth (EAB).

Selective laser melting (SLM) and laser metal deposition (LMD) are the two methods of laser additive manufacturing (LAM), which are distinguished by the different powder feeding methods. In this paper, the temperature field (temperature distribution, cooling rate, temperature gradient and dimensions of molten pool), appearance and microstructure (grain shape and size, and phase composition) of the LMDed 304 austenitic stainless steel (SS304) specimen are compared with those of the SLMed SS304 specimen published in the previous literature. The results show that the LMDed SS304 specimen has the similar temperature field trend with the SLMed SS304 specimen. The differences for temperature field obtained by the finite element models (FEMs) are that LMD produces the higher temperature and dimensions of molten pool, but the lower cooling rate and temperature gradient. The appearances of the LMDed and SLMed specimens are compared. Since the molten pool during LMD is larger, the surface roughness of the LMDed SS304 specimen is higher than that of the SLMed SS304 specimen. Due to the different cooling rates, the LMDed SS304 specimen has the different microstructure from the SLMed SS304 specimen. The SLMed and LMDed specimens have the similar columnar grain shape, but the grain size of the LMDed specimen is larger. The microstructure of LMDed SS304 specimen is composed of two phases, which are austenite phase and small amount of ferrite phase. But the SLMed specimen has the full austenite phase. The differences between SLM and LMD are also studied in this paper.

Most online initialization and self-calibration methods for visual-inertial odometry (VIO) are only able to estimate the extrinsic parameters (orientation and translation) between one camera and inertial measurement unit (IMU) pair. They are not applicable to stereo VIO where both camera–IMU and camera–camera pairs exist. In this article, we address the issue by taking advantage of the geometric constraints among the multiple sensors. An online method is proposed to estimate the initial values of velocity, gravity, IMU biases, and simultaneously calibrate the extrinsic parameters of camera–camera and camera–IMU pairs for bootstrapping a smoothing-based stereo VIO system. The method includes a three-step process to incrementally solve several linear equations in a coarse-to-fine manner. It back-propagates historically estimated results to update weight factors and remove outliers, and employs a convergence criterion to monitor and terminate the process. It also includes an optional global optimization for further refinement. The method is evaluated in terms of accuracy, robustness, convergence, consistency, and tunable parameters using both simulated and public datasets. Experimental results show that the proposed method can accurately estimate the initial values and the extrinsic parameters.

Defects detection is an extremely important part in the production of printed circuit board (PCB) to guarantee the quality and reliability. A widely used and researched method for this task is referential comparison method. However, this method gets poor performance on the situation that PCB moves on the conveyor, due to the lack of ability to register test images with referential images. Therefore, accurate image registration which estimates the affine transformation between the captured test images and the referential images becomes an urgent problem to be solved. In this study, a spatial transformer network is proposed. In particular, a recurrent image registration strategy is introduced to step-by-step register the images in a recurrent progress. Furthermore, a referential part is designed to help training the network. Besides, in order to simulate the real moving PCB images and train the proposed model, a factitious dataset is generated by applying random affine transformations to real PCB images. Experiments show that recurrent spatial transformer network can achieve pixel-level accurate image registration. The defects detection precision of referential comparison method has a great improvement by using the registration algorithm.

National key RD Specialized Research Fund for Strategic and Prospective Industrial Development of Shenzhen City [ZLZBCXLJZI20160729020003]

Background This study aimed to compare the biomechanical differences between anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF) with multiple-level separate plates and conventional long plates by using finite element analysis. Methods The following four finite element models were created to simulate various fixations: (1) C4–6 ACDF with multiple plates, (2) C4–6 ACDF with a single plate, (3) C3–6 ACDF with multiple plates, and (4) C3–6 ACDF with a single plate. The maximum Von-mises stress of the cage and fixation, compressive force of the adjacent intervertebral discs and range of motion (ROM) of different segments in the four models were calculated and analyzed. Results For C4–6 ACDF, the maximum Von-mises stress of the cage and fixation was lower in the multiple plate fixation model in all motion states. Similarly, for the C3–6 ACDF models, the peak stress of the C3–4 and C5–6 cages was lower with multiple plates fixation in all motions but the stress of the C4–5 cage in the multiple plates model was slightly higher in flexion, bending and rotation. Besides, applying multiple plates in C3–6 ACDF models resulted in a decreased maximum stress of the fixation under different motions except for bending. In both the C4–6 ACDF and C3–6 ACDF models, the ROM values of the adjacent motion segments were lower in the multiple plates models in extension, bending and rotation. In the C4–6 ACDF models, the peak stress on the adjacent intervertebral discs in the multiple plates models was slightly smaller. In C3–6 ACDF models, the maximum stress on the adjacent intervertebral discs was larger in the single-plate model under flexion, bending and rotation movements. Conclusion Multiple plates fixation has a positive effect on increasing stiffness and maintaining the ROM of adjacent segments, indicating lower risk of construct failure and adjacent segment degeneration. Further studies are required to confirm its efficacy in clinical practice.

The use of hemoglobin (Hb) to drive atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) process (Hb-ATRP) for detection of lung cancer related nucleic acid is firstly reported. Hb does not need to be treated prior to using indicating the potential for synthetic engineering in complex biological microenvironments without the need for in vitro techniques. Here, we report a new signal amplification strategy using Hb-mediated graft of nitronyl niroxide monoradical polymers as a signal-on electrochemical biosensor for ultralow level DNA highly selective detection. Building DNA biosensors includes: (i) the fixation of peptide nucleic acid (PNA) probe (no phosphate group) via the 5' terminus-SH; (ii) the modification of transition metal; (iii) Site-specific markers of Hb-ATRP promoter, and (iv) the grafting of polymers with electrochemical signal by Hb-ATRP process. Through the Hb-ATRP process of nitronyl nitroxide monoradical (TEMPO), the presence of a small amount of DNA can eventually result in calling a certain number of TEMPO redox tags. Obviously, the Hb-ATRP is a method of easy source of raw materials, simple operation and no need for complex equipment. The constructed biosensor, as expected, is highly selective and sensitive to target DNA. The detection limit can be calculated as 15.96 fM under optimal conditions. The excellent performance also shows that the constructed DNA biosensor is suitable for DNA screening and DNA concentration determination in complex sample matrix.