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Taiwanofungus camphoratus is a parasite medicinal fungus with significant hepatoprotective activity that grows in Cinnamomum camphora, a class II protected tree species in Taiwan. Currently, commercial cultivation of T. camphoratus is limited by the resources of C. camphora. To broaden the range of substrates, this study investigated the feasibility of using apple-wood as a substrate for T. camphoratus cultivation and examined the content of fruit body triterpenoids and liver-protective activity as quality indicators. The triterpenoids were determined by ultra-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry and compared with T. camphoratus cultivated in C. camphora. The ICR mouse acute alcoholic liver injury model was used to explore the hepatoprotective effects of the apple-wood cultivated fungus. T. camphoratus grew on apple-wood medium within 7 months; a total of 62 fungal triterpenoid components were detected, including the seven characteristic triterpenoids. Only three were higher in T. camphoratus cultured on C. camphora. The medium-dose fungal extracts (150 mg/kg) produced significant protective effects against acute alcoholic liver injury in mice. These results indicate that apple-wood cultivation is a feasible method compared to C. camphora for commercial cultivation of T. camphoratus.

A novel rhodium(III)-catalyzed amide carbonyl group directed alkenylation reaction between oxindoles and alkenes has been reported, which provides an efficient method for the synthesis of valuable and versatile functionalized N-(2E,4Z)-butadiene substituted oxindole derivatives. Oxindoles as novel directing groups have been well applied in this paper.

The reconstruction capability of the blue phase (BP) template with low polymer concentration was investigated. A threshold polymer concentration to reconstruct the BP with the chiral three-dimensional template was confirmed in different kinds of polymer systems. The anchoring energy of the template may reassemble the double twist cylinder structure of BP liquid crystal (BPLC) by refilling either the same-handed or reverse-handed chiral materials within a certain range of helical twisting power (HTP). Meanwhile, because of the lowered anchoring energy, the kerr constant of the reconstructed BPLC increased by 104%, from 1.81 nm/V2 to 3.70 nm/V2, by refilling the reverse-handed chiral material.

An efficient rhodium(III)-catalyzed C–H activation has been developed by using 7-azaindole as a directing group. A wide variety of olefinated 7-azaindole derivatives and N-naphthylazole derivatives have been selectively formed in moderate to excellent yields when alkenes or alkynes act as the C–H coupling partner.

A novel one-pot synthesis of π-conjugated polycyclic compounds, which could undergo further facile transformation to form complex polycyclic heteroarene compounds, has been realized between 7-azaindoles and α,β-unsaturated ketones. This distinctive cascade process proceeds via a rhodium(iii)-catalyzed alkylation/copper-catalyzed radical annulation-aromatization pathway.

Eupatorium (family: Compositae), which comprises nearly 1200 species, is distributed throughout tropical America, Europe, Africa, and Asia. Up to now, the reported constituents from the genus Eupatorium involve flavonoids, terpenoids, pyrrolizidine alkaloids, phenylpropanoids, quinonoids, essential oils, and some others, altogether more than 300 compounds. Studies have shown that Eupatorium and its active principles possess a wide range of pharmacological activities, such as cytotoxic, antifungal, insecticidal, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, and antinociceptive activities. Currently, effective monomeric compounds or active parts have been screened for pharmacological activities from Eupatorium in vivo and in vitro. Increasing amount of data supports application and exploitation for new drug development.

One glass single ITO layer solution has been demonstrated for large size projected-capacitive touch panels. Using simple touch sensors and algorithm, the proposed solution can effectively solve the issues of sensitivity reduction and large coordinate shifting existing in current large size touch panels. A touch system based on the proposed solution can achieve a coordinate shifting of less than 1.5%.

We report a polymer-stabilized blue-phase liquid crystal (PSBPLC) cured with a visible laser in an in-plane-switching (IPS) cell. Its electro-optic properties are compared with those of a conventional PS-BPLC cured by ultraviolet (UV) light. Besides, a PS-BPLC grating is fabricated using visible-laser holography.

The anchoring energy of blue phase polymer template containing different concentration of conventional polymer has been studied. The lower bound of polymer concentration to form the chiral three-dimensional template of blue phase is confirmed. And it was demonstrated that the template anchoring energy has a threshold value to reassemble the double twist cylinder structure of blue phase liquid crystal by either refilling same-handed chiral materials or reverse-handed chiral materials which may help to improve the driving capacity of the polymer stabilized blue phase liquid crystal.

Since energy storage with phase change materials is an effective means of energy saving or conservation in buildings, its investigation and applications have received more and more during the recent years. The research actuality on energy saving of adjustment and control of building indoor temperature was summarized in this paper, and the two types of the major techniques with phase change material applied in adjustment and control of building indoor temperature was reviewed, in which one is the technique combined phase change material with building maintenance structure, the other is the technique to make phase change material applied to heating or air conditioning systems. The future research of phase change energy storage in adjustment and control of building indoor temperature was prospected.

Firstly this thesis summarized the research status about traditional modeling technology and the feature-based parameterized modeling technology about components. Secondly the article developed an idea of part parametric modeling technology research based on function module and its program realization method, on the basis of analyzing mechanical characteristic decomposition and building, parameter constraint condition, methods of module creating division and combination and numerical simulation of the part components modeling. In the text of the dissertation we also gave an example of gears and verified the validity and practical applicability about the text of the proposed method. Application of modular modeling technology can shorten modeling time and improve parts design efficiency for the same type and series of part. Especially it has great reference value on the creation of complex model.

On the basis of traditional static finite element simulation, the paper adopts time spectral element method with higher accurate of interpolation precision to disperse the alternating mechanical load, meanwhile, applies the load results to its piston dynamic analysis to get the time history curve of piston stress and distortion. What we get from the experiment provides theoretical foundation for further study of piston fatigue analysis and life prediction.

Integrated multilayer wrapped vessel is a new type of multilayer high pressure vessel construction diffusely used in various process industrial productions. The prestress of the integrated multilayer wrapped vessel of inside diameter 500mm during its manufactural process was investigated. The experimental results showed that, the circumferential prestress distributions in the inner cylinder and the laminate during its manufactural process were approximately exponential function, thus in order to make the circumferential prestress contribution in the inner cylinder even as possible, the laminates should be staggered uniformly as the same circumferential angle during the manufactural process of the actual vessel, which is of an important significance to insure its manufactural quality and safe application.

A convenient rhodium(III)-catalyzed cascade reaction of 7-azaindoles and alkynes through multiple C-H bond activation for the synthesis of unique [5]azahelicenes has been developed. The optical property of these screw-shaped helicene derivatives could be further utilized in electronic devices to recognize mercury ions.

Tetracyclic products are efficiently obtained by application of a base as key of the annulation reactions.

An efficient rhodium-catalyzed dehydrogenative Heck-type reaction between N-aryl-substituted 7-azaindoles and various alkenes through a H2-releasing process without the need of any oxidizing agent was developed. The novel methodology broadens the scope of metal-catalyzed hydrogen-releasing reactions to include rhodium catalysis.

Various 1-aryl-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]pyridines are selectively coupled with styrene, acrylic acid derivatives or vinyl ethyl ether in position 2 of the aryl substituent.

Whereas inorganic salt hydrates are typical inorganic phase change materials suitable for the temperature range of 0-150°C, their investigation and applications on thermal energy storage have received more and more during the recent years. A review on investigation progress and applications of their phase transition temperature control and adjustment was made in this paper, which is of important reference and practical value for understanding and predominating the investigation and engineering applications on their phase transition temperature control and adjustment.

Phase change temperature adjustment of calcium chloride hexahydrate added small quantity of barium hydroxide and strontium chloride hexahydrate was researched. The experimental results demonstrated that, its phase change temperature adjustment could be achieved by means of adding excess water, and its suitable adjustment range of phase change temperature was 21.76°C-26.16°C as the proportion of the added excess water was 0-10% by weight. According to the calculation equation gained by the theoretical regression of the experimental results, its phase change temperature with different proportions of excess water may be forecasted during the suitable adjustment range of phase change temperature. This characteristic is of important application value for temperature control in greenhouse or air conditioning etc.

Eupatorium (family: Compositae), which comprises nearly 1200 species, is distributed throughout tropical America, Europe, Africa, and Asia. Up to now, the reported constituents from the genus Eupatorium involve flavonoids, terpenoids, pyrrolizidine alkaloids, phenylpropanoids, quinonoids, essential oils, and some others, altogether more than 300 compounds. Studies have shown that Eupatorium and its active principles possess a wide range of pharmacological activities, such as cytotoxic, antifungal, insecticidal, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, and antinociceptive activities. Currently, effective monomeric compounds or active parts have been screened for pharmacological activities from Eupatorium in vivo and in vitro. Increasing amount of data supports application and exploitation for new drug development.

Based on the research situation of product structure and configuration management, combined the character of engine product data, This paper introduces a product configuration method based on engine product structure model. This paper emphasizes this method's support modeling: product structure model; part family structure; product configuration model. Finally, this paper designs the product configuration process figure, and introduces the achievement method of product configuration management.

The influence of fringe electric field applied during photopolymerization on the electro-optic properties of polymer-stabilized blue phase liquid crystals (PS-BPLCs) was investigated. It has been found that the thermal stability would not degrade if the electric field was less than a critical value. The contrast ratio of PS-BPLC can be improved significantly because the uniformity of blue phase liquid crystal domain was enhanced by the electric fields, which were applied during photopolymerization. Meanwhile, with the electric filed, the potential energy of the BPLC molecules may lower the anchoring energy of the polymer network resulting in the improvement of electro-optic response properties. With optimized electric field during polymerization, the contrast ratio and the Kerr constant of PS-BPLC can be improved by 4.1 times and 15%, respectively, and the hysteresis can be decreased by 10%, while the response time and residual birefringence have no degradation.

In this paper, we demonstrate a holographic polymer-stabilized blue-phase liquid crystal grating fabricated using a visible laser. As blue phase is stabilized by the interfered light, polymer-concentration gradient is achieved simultaneously. With the application of a uniform vertical electric field, periodic index distribution is obtained due to polymer-concentration gradient. The grating exhibits several attractive features such as polarization-independency, a broad temperature range, sub-millisecond response, simple fabrication, and low cost, thus holding great potential for photonics applications.

We investigated random lasing from a fluid self-assembly sphere-phase liquid crystal, which was composed of three-dimensional twist sphere structures with disclinations among them. The threshold energy of the random lasing from sphere-phase liquid crystal was 32% of that from the chiral nematic phase because of the interference associated with multiple scattering by randomly distributed sphere-phase platelets. Such random lasers composed of self-assembly soft organic materials may be useful for holographic displays, point-of-care biomedical analysis, and optical security coatings.

The two-dimensional (2-D) dynamic cellular automata (CA) model, for the first time, has been successfully extended in three dimensions for the 3-D simulation of photoresist etching process. The 3-D photoresist etching process has been successfully simulated using the 3-D dynamic CA model when some well-known photoresist etch rate distribution functions are adopted. Simulation results indicate that the 3-D dynamic CA model is fast, accurate and stable. This is identified to be critical useful to the device-sized 3-D lithography process simulation of integrated circuits (IC) and Microelectromechanical System (MEMS).

The two-dimensional (2-D) dynamic cellular automata (CA) model for photoresist etching simulation has been originally extended to simulate the negative chemical amplification process to further investigate its possibility to simulate monolithic simulation of lithography processes. Simulation profiles of the 2-D dynamic CA model show a good agreement with experiment profiles, and the computation time of negative chemical amplification process using the 2-D dynamic CA model is greatly reduced compared with that of the 2-D static CA model. The results indicate that the 2-D dynamic CA model is accurate, fast, and capable of being integrated into monolithic lithography process simulation. This is identified to be greatly useful to increasingly needed monolithic simulation of various lithography processes for integrated circuits (IC), Microelectromechanical Systems (MEMS), and even future Nanoelectromechanical Systems (NEMS).

Segmented ZnS nanocones have been prepared at 1200 degrees C by thermal evaporation of zinc sulfide powders and catalyst metal tin. The as-synthesized products have been studied by energy-dispersive x-ray spectroscopy, selected-area electron diffraction, and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy. Microstructure characterization indicates that the formation of segmented nanocones can be attributed to the effects of regular twins structure. Theoretical analysis reveals that the nonuniform cross sections of nanocones are related to the continuous change of Sn-ZnS liquid droplet's scale resulting from the supply of Sn atoms during the evaporation. According to microstructure characterization and dimension analysis, the potential formation mechanism of the segmented ZnS nanocones was discussed. (C) 2005 American Institute of Physics.