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BackgroundDepression is a prevalent mental health disorder. Although Internet use has been associated with depression, there is limited data on the association between smartphone use and depressive symptoms. The present study aimed to investigate the relationship between smartphone use and depressive symptoms among older individuals in China.Methods5,244 Chinese older individuals over the age of 60 were selected as the sample from the China Longitudinal Aging Social Survey (CLASS) 2018 dataset. The dependent variable “depression symptoms” was measured using the 9-item Center for Epidemiologic Studies-Depression (CES-D) scale. The study employed multiple linear regression to investigate the relationship between smartphone use (independent variable) and depressive symptoms in older people. Thorough analyses of robustness, sensitivity, and heterogeneity were conducted to ensure the robustness and sensitivity of the findings. Additionally, mediating effect analysis was performed to elucidate the mechanism through which the dependent and independent variables were related.ResultsEmpirical study indicated that smartphone use had a negative impact on depressive symptoms among older adults, specifically leading to a reduction in such symptoms. The above-mentioned result was verified through endogenous and robustness tests. The heterogeneity analysis revealed that older individuals aged 70 years and above, male, and residing in urban areas exhibited a stronger association between smartphone use and depressive symptoms. Furthermore, the mediating effect model indicated that political participation, voluntary participation, and active leisure participation mediated the relationship between smartphone use and lower levels of depression symptoms among the older adults. However, passive leisure participation had a suppressing effect on the relationship between smartphone use and reduced depressive symptoms among the older adults.LimitationsThe causal relationship between variables required further investigation with a longitudinal design.ConclusionThese findings suggested that smartphone use may be considered an intervention to reduce depression symptoms among older people by increasing levels of political participation, voluntary participation, and active leisure participation.

Precise synthesis of polyoxometalates (POMs) is important for the fundamental understanding of the relationship between the structure and function of each building motif. However, it is a great challenge to realize the atomic-level tailoring of specific sites in POMs without altering the major framework. Herein, we report the first case of Ce-mediated molecular tailoring on the unprecedented gigantic {Mo132}, which has a closed structural motif involving a never seen {Mo110} decamer. Such capped wheel {Mo132} undergoes a rare quasi-isomerism with known {Mo132} ball displaying different optical behaviors. Experiencing an ‘Inner-On-Outer’ binding process with the substituent of {Mo2} reactive sites in {Mo132}, the site-specific Ce ions drive the dissociation of {Mo2*} clipping sites and finally give rise to a predictable half-closed product {Ce11Mo96}. By virtue of the tailor-made open cavity, the {Ce11Mo96} achieves high proton conduction, nearly two orders of magnitude than that of {Mo132}. This work offers a significant step toward the controllable assembly of POM clusters through a Ce-mediated molecular tailoring process for desirable properties.

An unprecedented fully reduced {MoV60} POM served as a cheap and robust molecular light-absorber model possessing wide light absorption and was applied to build a co-sensitized solar cell photoelectronic device.

BackgroundAge-associated cognitive decline has become a major threat to both personal welfare and public health and can further develop into Dementia/Alzheimer’s disease. Sleep is significantly correlated with cognitive function, but both cognitive impairment and sleep problems increase with normal aging. This study explored how sleep duration affects cognitive performance among older adults in China.MethodsUsing data from the Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey (CLHLS) in 2014 and 2018, cognitive function was assessed via the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), which included five domains: orientation, registration, attention or calculation, recall, and language. Logistic regression was used to examine whether the change in sleep duration was a risk factor for cognitive impairment. We also used multinomial logistic regression to study the impact of sleep duration and the changes in sleep duration on cognitive changes during the follow-up period.ResultsThe empirical study showed a U-shaped relationship between sleep duration and increased risk of cognitive impairment. Short (< 6 hours) and long (> 8 hours) sleep durations were positively associated with cognitive impairment. Tests of interactions between sleep duration and sleep quality showed that short sleep durations with fair sleep quality had an increased risk of cognitive impairment. Further, the participants were divided into three groups: normal cognition (MMSE > 24), mild cognitive impairment (MCI, 18 ≤ MMSE score ≤ 24), and severe cognitive impairment (MMSE < 18). First, of the participants with normal cognition at baseline, those who sleeping > 7 h at follow-up and > 7 h at both baseline and 4-year follow-up assessments could increase the risk of cognitive impairment. Second, for individuals with MCI at baseline, those who transitioned to sleeping > 7 h at follow-up period and > 7 h at both baseline and 4-year follow-up assessments had a lower chance of reverting to normal cognition.ConclusionExcessive sleep may be a major risk for cognitive impairment among older adults. Furthermore, a moderate amount of sleep could be a possible strategy to prevent cognitive impairment.

In the development of bifacial dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs), the exploration of cost-beneficial transparent counter electrodes is a permanent target. Herein, we put forward a simple one-step strategy to load PW11Co polyoxometalates on graphene-like Co0.85Se (abbreviated as PW11Co-n/Co0.85Se, where n represents the concentration of PW11Co) by in situ synthesis on conductive glass substrates. Powder X-ray diffraction, IR spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and electron microscopy techniques prove that PW11Co nanoparticles have been dispersedly deposited on Co0.85Se. The obtained PW11Co/Co0.85Se composite counter electrode (CE) material maintains excellent transparency and efficient electrocatalytic triiodide reduction performance. As a consequence, the optimized front and back efficiencies of DSSCs based on the transparent PW11Co-0.5/Co0.85Se CE could reach 7.56% and 5.82%, respectively, which are higher than those of the Pt CE (5.89% and 4.47%) and pure Co0.85Se CE (6.45% and 5.33%). To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time that polyoxometalates have been used in bifacial DSSCs. Mechanism research shows that polyoxometalates as electron aggregates can improve the charge transfer ability of selenide to the I−/I3− redox pair as well as accelerate the reduction of I3−. The present work not only offers a valuable way to design composites for electrocatalytic triiodide reduction, but also expands the application fields of polyoxometalates toward bifacial photoelectronic devices.

Two tetra-nuclear YbIII-incorporated selenotungstate clusters, Keggin (C2H8N)6Na14[Yb4Se6W44O160(H2O)12]·40H2O (1) and Wells–Dawson (C2H8N)4Na14[Yb4Se6W45O159(OH)6(H2O)11]·38H2O (2), have been isolated through a pH-controlled assembly, which exhibit the first YbIII-containing polyoxotungstates with selenium heteroatoms. Their assemblies rely on the structure-directing effects of SeO32− anion templates to give rise to available Se-containing Keggin-/Wells–Dawson-type motifs. Both compounds were characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction, IR spectroscopy, power X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) as well as electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS). Furthermore, systematic magnetic studies revealed that 1 exhibits field-induced single-molecule magnetic behavior with a pre-exponential factor of τ0 = 6.60(7) × 10−8 s and a relaxation energy barrier of ΔE/kB = 39.44(2) K, while 2 only displays antiferromagnetic interactions between the ytterbium centers.

An unprecedented Mo-organic molecular cage built on interesting {MoVI2O5} secondary building blocks and BTC ligands, which has been successfully synthesized and systematically characterized, presents the first example of an isopolyoxomolybdates(vi)-organic molecular cage. An investigation into the related Cs+-exchange experiment was performed in detail.

With the rapid expansion of the Internet, it continuously penetrates the life of older adults around the world. This study aims to explore the effect of Internet use on the multi-dimensional health of the elderly with the mediating role of cultural engagement. Using data from the Chinese General Social Survey (CGSS) in 2015 and 2017, this study adopts logistic regression and a single-step multiple mediation model to investigate how Internet use affects the multi-dimensional health of older adults in China. The results show that Internet use has positive effects on the self-rated health, physical health, and mental health of the elderly. Endogenous tests, robustness analysis, and sensitivity analysis show that the above conclusions remain robust. Additionally, the mediating effect analysis shows that cultural engagement plays a mediating role in the relationship between Internet use and the three health-related responses. Therefore, to improve the elderly's health level, the government should not only cultivate the ability to use the Internet but also encourage greater cultural engagement amongst the aged.

OBJECTIVE: To study the value of Silverman-Anderson score versus Downes score in predicting respiratory failure in full-term neonates. METHODS: The convenience sampling method was used to select the full-term neonates with lung diseases who were hospitalized in the neonatal intensive care unit from July 2020 to July 2021. According to the diagnostic criteria for neonatal respiratory failure, they were divided into a respiratory failure group (65 neonates) and a non-respiratory failure group (363 neonates). Silverman-Anderson score and Downes score were used for evaluation. The receiver operating characteristic analysis was used to compare the value of the two noninvasive scores in predicting respiratory failure in full-term neonates. RESULTS: Among the 428 full-term neonates, 65 (15.2%) had respiratory failure. The Silverman-Anderson score had a significantly shorter average time spent on evaluation than the Downes score [(90±8) seconds vs (150±13) seconds; P

International audience; We report on the development of highly reflective back contacts (RBCs) made of multilayer stacks for ultrathin CIGS solar cells. Two architectures are compared: they are made of a silver mirror coated either with a single layer of In2O3:Sn (ITO) or with a bilayer of ZnO:Al/ITO. Due to the improvement of CIGS rear reflectance, both back contacts result in a significant external quantum efficiency enhancement, in agreement with optical simulations. However, solar cells fabricated with Ag/ITO back contacts exhibit a strong shunting behavior. The key role of the ZnO:Al layer to control the morphology of the top ITO layer and to avoid silver diffusion through the back contact is highlighted. For a 500-nm-thick CIGS layer, this optimized RBC leads to a best cell with a short-circuit current of 27.8 mA/cm2 (+2.2 mA/cm2 as compared to a Mo back contact) and a 12.2%-efficiency (+2.5% absolute).

Two Ni/Co-substituted sandwich-type germanomolybdates, {[M3(NH2-trz)6(H2O)6][M4(H2O)2(HGeMo10O36)2]}·nH2O (M = Ni2+ (1) and Co2+ (2), n = 10 (1) or 11 (2), NH2-trz = 4-amino-1,2,4-triazole), have been obtained under hydrothermal conditions. 1 and 2 represent the first trivacant Keggin germanomolybdates involving unprecedented [α-GeMo10O36]8− fragments and {M3O4} quasi-cubane building units. Both of them exhibit electrocatalytic behaviours for H2O2 reduction and photocatalytic properties for CO2 conversion.

Fully reduced polyoxometalates are predicted to give rise to a broad and strong absorption spectrum, suitable energy levels, and unparalleled electronic and optical properties. However, they are not available to date. Here, an unprecedented fully reduced polyoxomolybdate cluster, namely Na

Two tetra-nuclear Yb

Background We aimed to testify the advantage of positron emission tomography and computed tomography(PET/CT) in diagnosing cervical lymph nodes and staging nasopharyngeal carcinoma, and investigate whether PET/CT could bring about benefit in survival and serve for individualized treatment. Methods A total of 2759 patients were enrolled in this study. 460 biopsied cervical lymph nodes were named cohort A. Cohort B consisted of 1093 T3N1M0 patients who received both PET/CT and magnetic resonance imaging(MRI), while Cohort C contained 1377 T3N1M0 patients who underwent MRI alone. Cohort D enrolled 838 patients receiving concurrent chemoradiotherapy(CCRT) with or without induction chemotherapy(IC) to develop radiologic score model to guide IC. Results In cohort A, the sensitivity, accuracy, and area under the curve of PET/CT were much higher than those of MRI (96.7%versus88.5%, p

Interface engineering of CdS/CZTS(Se) is an important aspect of improving the performance of buffer/absorber heterojunction combination. It has been demonstrated that the crossover phenomenon due to the interface recombination can be drastically eliminated by interface modification. Therefore, in-depth studies across the CdS/CZTS(Se) junction properties, as well as effective optimization processes, are very crucial for achieving high-efficiency CZTSSe solar cells. Here, we present a comprehensive study on the effects of soft-baking (SB) temperature on the junction properties and the corresponding optoelectronic and interface-structural properties. Based on in-depth photoemission studies corroborated with structural and composition analysis, we concluded that interdiffusion and intermixing of CZTSSe and CdS phases occurred on the Cu-poor surface of CZTSSe at elevated SB temperatures, and the interface dipole moments induced by electrostatic potential fluctuation were thus significantly eliminated. In contrast, with low SB temperature, the CdS/CZTSSe heterojunction revealed very sharp interface with very short interdiffusion, forming interface dipole moments and drastically deteriorating device performance. These post thermal treatments also significantly suppress defect energy level of interface measured by admittance spectroscopy from 294 to 109 meV due to CdS/CZTSSe interdiffusion. Meanwhile, the interdiffusion effects on the shift of valence band maximum, conduction band minimum and band offset across the heterojunction of thermally treated CdS/CZTSSe interface are spatially resolved at the atomic scale by measuring the local density of states with cross-sectional scanning tunneling microscopy and spectroscopy. A significant enhancement in the power conversion efficiency from 4.88% to 8.48% is achieved by a facile interface engineering process allowing a sufficient intermixing of CdS/Cd and CZTSSe/Se phases without detrimental recombination centers.

In this work, we evaluate the effect of NaF layers on the properties of Al2O3 and HfO2 rear contact passivation layers in ultra-thin Cu(In,Ga)Se2 solar cells. The 6 nm thin passivation layers were ...

The effects of introducing a passivation layer at the rear of ultrathin Copper Indium Gallium di-Selenide Cu(In,Ga)Se2 (CIGS) solar cells is studied. Point contact structures have been created on 25 nm Al2O3 layer using e-beam lithography. Reference solar cells with ultrathin CIGS layers provide devices with average values of light to power conversion efficiency of 8.1% while for passivated cells values reached 9.5%. Electronic properties of passivated cells have been studied before, but the influence of growing the CIGS on Al2O3 with point contacts was still unknown from a structural and morphological point of view. Scanning Electron Microscopy, X-ray Diffraction and Raman spectroscopy measurements were performed. These measurements revealed no significant morphological or structural differences in the CIGS layer for the passivated samples compared with reference samples. These results are in agreement with the similar values of carrier density (~8 × 1016 cm-3) and depletion region (~160 nm) extracted using electrical measurements. A detailed comparison between both sample types in terms of current-voltage, external quantum efficiency and photoluminescence measurements show very different optoelectronic behaviour which is indicative of a successful passivation. SCAPS simulations are done to explain the observed results in view of passivation of the rear interface., P.M.P. Salomé acknowledges the funding of Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (FCT) through the project IF/00133/2015. The European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme ARCIGS-M project (grant agreement no. 720887) is acknowledged. J. M. V. Cunha acknowledges the funding of Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (FCT) through the project PD/BD/142780/2018. J. P. Teixeira and J. P. Leitão acknowledge the funding of FCT through the project UID/CTM/50025/2013.

Earth-abundant Cu2ZnSn(S,Se)4 (CZTSSe) is a promising nontoxic alternative compound for commercially available Cu(In,Ga)(S,Se)2 thin-film solar cells. In this study, a MoO3 nanolayer was applied as a sacrificial layer to optimize the quality of the interface between the CZTSSe and Mo back contact. MoO3 nanolayers can greatly improve CZTSSe grain growth and suppress the formation of some harmful secondary phases, especially the undesirable MoS(e)2. In terms of device performance, the series resistance was reduced from 1.83 to 1.54 Ω·cm2, and the fill factor was significantly enhanced from 42.67% to 52.12%. Additionally, MoO3 nanolayers improved CZTSSe absorber quality by lowering the defect energy levels from 228 to 148 meV. Furthermore, first-principles calculations demonstrate that the partial sulfoselenized MoO3 nanolayers may function as the (p-type) hole-selective contacts at Mo/CZTSSe interfaces, leading to an overall improvement in device performance. Lastly, a CZTSSe solar cell with about 26% improvement (compared with reference cells) in power conversion efficiency was achieved by inserting 5 nm MoO3 sacrificial layers.

High-performance triiodide reduction reaction (IRR) catalysts in dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) and hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) catalysts in electrochemical water splitting are extremely compelling for renewable energy conversion and storage. The best IRR and HER catalysts generally rely on the use of noble metal platinum (Pt), which suffers obstacles in real-world implementation. The rational design of efficient bifunctional IRR and HER catalysts based on inexpensive and earth-abundant elements to replace scarce Pt could enable low-cost photoelectric conversion and hydrogen production but is challenging and rarely reported. Herein, we present a bifunctional NiFeCoW@NC hybrid with the unique architecture of WC loaded on the in situ formed carbon nanotubes embedded with Co-doped FeNi3 nanoparticles based on the anisotropic integration design principle, which operates efficiently for DSSCs and hydrogen evolution. The assembled DSSCs using the designed multimetal-based NiFeCoW@NC counter electrode delivered a high power conversion efficiency of 6.92% and long-term stability superior to bimetal-based NiFe@NC, CoW@NC, and Pt counterparts. It also exhibited eminent hydrogen evolution performance with a low overpotential of 127.8 mV to drive a 10 mA cm-2 current density, a Tafel slope of 60.4 mV dec-1, and satisfactory durable stability in 0.5 M H2SO4. This work provides a design principle for low-cost and highly active bifunctional catalysts to replace Pt for DSSCs and hydrogen evolution.

We propose a dense tensor accelerator called VectorMesh, a scalable, memory-efficient architecture that can support a wide variety of DNN and computer vision workloads. Its building block is a tile execution unit (TEU), which includes dozens of processing elements (PEs) and SRAM buffers connected through a butterfly network. A mesh of FIFOs between the TEUs facilitates data exchange between tiles and promote local data to global visibility. Our design performs better according to the roofline model for CNN, GEMM, and spatial matching algorithms compared to state-of-the-art architectures. It can reduce global buffer and DRAM fetches by 2-22 times and up to 5 times, respectively.

We describe our implementation of a tensor-friendly AI processor architecture for an advanced driver assistance system. We implement modern video-based lane-departure and blind-spot detection algorithms on our previously proposed architecture called VectorMesh, and demonstrate deployment of our technology using open neural network exchange compilers and FPGAs in a commercially viable and cost-efficient manner.

The development of high-performance and low-cost durable triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) is essential for converting mechanical energy into electrical energy. Many organic polymer friction materials used widely have thermal stability problems , which makes TENGs with semiconductors as friction materials stand out. Here, we report a semi-flexible TENG based on metal and TiO 2 modified by polyoxometalates (POMs) as pure inorganic friction materials. Six different POMs are firstly selected to modify the friction materials of TENGs, and the output performance of TENGs with different POMs-modified semiconductors and different metals as friction materials are tested. Compared with the unmodified TENGs, the open-circuit voltage ( V OC ) of the optimal Ag-K 6 P 2 Mo 18 O 62 (P 2 Mo 18 )/TiO 2 TENG device is increased by more than 4 times, which is mainly attributed to the strong electron-accepting and storage capabilities of POMs. This study has demonstrated that TENGs modified by POMs have potential application prospects and provided a new method for increasing the electrical output of TENGs.

In this article, we discuss the backgrounds and technical details about several smart manufacturing projects in a tier-one electronics manufacturing facility. We devise a process to manage logistic forecast and inventory preparation for electronic parts using historical data and a recurrent neural network to achieve significant improvement over current methods. We present a system for automatically qualifying laptop software for mass production through computer vision and automation technology. The result is a reliable system that can save hundreds of man-years in the qualification process. Finally, we create a deep learning-based algorithm for visual inspection of product appearances, which requires significantly less defect training data compared to traditional approaches. For production needs, we design an automatic optical inspection machine suitable for our algorithm and process. We also discuss the issues for data collection and enabling smart manufacturing projects in a factory setting, where the projects operate on a delicate balance between process innovations and cost-saving measures.

We propose a dense tensor accelerator called VectorMesh, a scalable, memory-efficient architecture that can support a wide variety of DNN and computer vision workloads. Its building block is a tile execution unit~(TEU), which includes dozens of processing elements~(PEs) and SRAM buffers connected through a butterfly network. A mesh of FIFOs between the TEUs facilitates data exchange between tiles and promote local data to global visibility. Our design performs better according to the roofline model for CNN, GEMM, and spatial matching algorithms compared to state-of-the-art architectures. It can reduce global buffer and DRAM fetches by 2-22 times and up to 5 times, respectively.

We present a 2D model of an Al 2 O 3 -passivated ultrathin Cu(In, Ga)Se 2 photovoltaic cell with rear-contact pattern. Simulation results follow the experimental trends, highlighting the significant effects of the passivation quality and of the Mo/CIGS contact resistance. Improvements in Jsc and Voc are discussed for different sizes of openings, relative to an excellent passivation quality (i.e. high density of negative charges in the passivation layer). However, a degradation is predicted for a poor passivation (i.e. low density of such charges) or a high contact resistance. We point out an optimum in efficiency when varying the opening widths at fixed hole-pitch and fixed contact resistance for a width to pitch ratio around 0.2. These simulation results provide significant insights for optimal cell design and characterizations of passivated UT-CIGS PV cells.

Two Ni/Co-substituted sandwich-type germanomolybdates, {[M

We propose GrateTile, an efficient, hardwarefriendly data storage scheme for sparse CNN feature maps (activations). It divides data into uneven-sized subtensors and, with small indexing overhead, stores them in a compressed yet randomly accessible format. This design enables modern CNN accelerators to fetch and decompressed sub-tensors on-the-fly in a tiled processing manner. GrateTile is suitable for architectures that favor aligned, coalesced data access, and only requires minimal changes to the overall architectural design. We simulate GrateTile with state-of-the-art CNNs and show an average of 55% DRAM bandwidth reduction while using only 0.6% of feature map size for indexing storage., Comment: To be published at IEEE Workshop on Signal Processing System (SiPS 2020)

Spring viraemia of carp virus (SVCV), an important aquatic rhabdoviruses, causing devastating mortality in various carp species and other cultivated fish. In our previous studies, 4′-(8-Imidazole-octyloxy)-arctigenin (6A) with an eight carbon atoms of linker showed the higher activity against SVCV in EPC cells, based on the structure-activity relationship of 35 arctigenin derivatives. In this study, the antiviral activity and mechanism of 6A was further investigated both in vivo and in vitro. An analysis of survival curve of zebrafish indicated that 6A-treated group increased the survival rate by 23.4% and 20.0% following with 100 and 103 TCID50 doses of SVCV, respectively. Besides, 6A inhibited the gene expression of SVCV nucleoprotein and glycoprotein in brain, spleen, and liver at 4 and 7 d post-infection (dpi) by over 90% and 60%, respectively. Consistent with above results, there were no apparent signs of infection and inflammation in the brain, spleen and liver of the 6A-treated fish. However, we unexpectedly found an inability on 6A-treated zebrafish and EPC cells to mount a strong IFNф1 response to SVCV, which indicated that 6A inhibited SVCV replication not via the activation of IFNф1-related genes. Moreover, pre-treatment, co-treatment, and post-treatment of 6A with SVCV, 6A was observed to possess an intense antiviral response in the early stage of viral infection. Altogether, 6A was expected to be a therapeutic agent for the treatment of SVCV in aquaculture.

The presence of viruses in water is a major risk for human and animal health due to their high resistance to disinfection. Pulsed corona discharge plasma (PCDP) efficiently inactivates bacteria by causing damage to biological macromolecules, but its effect on waterborne virus has not been reported. This study evaluated the inactivation efficacy of PCDP to viruses using spring viremia of carp virus (SVCV) as a model. The results showed that 4-log10 reduction of SVCV infectivity in cells was reached after 120 s treatment, and there was no significant difference in survival of fish infected with SVCV inactivated by PCDP for 240 s or more longer compared to the control fish without virus challenge, thus confirming the feasibility of PCDP to waterborne virus inactivation. Moreover, the high input energy density caused by voltage significantly improved the inactivation efficiency. The further research indicated that reactive species (RS) generated by pulsed corona discharge firstly reacted with phosphoprotein (P) and polymerase complex proteins (L) through penetration into the SVCV virions, and then caused the loss of viral infectivity by damage to genome and other structural proteins. This study has significant implications for waterborne virus removal and development of novel disinfection technologies.

Spring viremia of carp virus (SVCV), a member of the family Rhabdoviridae, can cause acute haemorrhagic and contagious viraemia in cyprinids. In this study, the ethyl acetate extract from Bacillus velezensis JW supernatant (EJW) was explored for anti-SVCV activity in vitro and in vivo. EJW showed a highly efficient anti-SVCV activity with an inhibitory rate more than 95% at the concentration of 30 mg/L, and mainly inhibited the early events of SVCV replication (except adsorption) in epithelioma papulosum cyprini (EPC) cells. What's more, in the treatment of EJW, SVCV glycoprotein and nucleoprotein gene expression were significantly inhibited in kidney and spleen of common carps at 2 and 4 d, and the survival rate of SVCV-infected common carp was increased up to 14%. Furthermore, the expression levels of IFN-Ι, IFNφ2β, TNFα and MDA5 genes were up-regulated, which showed that EJW could enhance the expression of antiviral immune genes. Altogether, EJW is suggested as a promising antiviral strategy against SVCV and can be further explored for controlling the virus infection in aquaculture farms.

Spring viraemia of carp virus (SVCV), a highly pathogenic fish rhabdovirus, caused an acute hemorrhagic and highly contagious disease in cyprinids. In this study, a new strain of SVCV was isolated from diseased zebrafish in Yangling, Shaanxi Province, China, and named SVCV-CG01. Tissue filtrates of diseased fish were detected by Nest PCR using the specific 714 bp and 606 bp fragments from the glycoprotein gene of SVCV. The genes encoding for the N, P, M and G protein were amplified, and the fragments were inserted into pMD-19T vectors to determine the genome of SVCV. Based on phylogenetic analysis of G protein gene, the isolated virus was classified into the Ia genogroup. The titer of the new strain at 48 h and 72 h was approximately 108 and 109 times higher than that of the 0504 strain, respectively. The virus could produce typical cytopathic effects (CPE) and induce apoptosis in EPC cells at 48 and 72 h post infection (hpi). Healthy zebrafish were injected with different doses of SVCV and mass mortality of fish was detected after 4 d infection, with a cumulative death rate of 100% from 107 TCID50 group at 7 d post infection (dpi). Using cultured mammalian 293T cells, an average transfection efficiency of the four structural proteins was 49.1% and 69.6% at 24 and 48 h post transfection (hpt), respectively. This study could be served as a reference for the research on the molecular epidemiology, evolution and pathogenicity of fish viruses.

Spring viraemia of carp virus (SVCV) is a viral fish pathogen causing high mortality in several carp species and other cultivated fish. However, robust anti-SVCV drugs currently are extremely scarce. For the purpose of seeking out anti-SVCV drugs, here a total of 35 arctigenin derivatives were designed, synthesized and evaluated for their anti-viral activities. By comparing the inhibitory concentration at half-maximal activity (IC50) of the 15 screened candidate drugs (max inhibitory response surpassing 90%) in epithelioma papulosum cyprini (EPC) cells infected with SVCV, 2Q and 6 A were chosen for additional validation studies, with an IC50 of 0.077 μg/mL and 0.095 μg/mL, respectively. Further experiments revealed that 2Q and 6 A could significantly decrease SVCV-induced apoptosis and have a protective effect on cell morphology at 48 and 72 h post-infection. Moreover, the reactive oxygen species (ROS) induced upon SVCV infection could be obviously inhibited by 2Q and 6 A, while SVCV-infected cells were clearly observed. On account of these findings, 2Q and 6 A could have a promising application for the treatment of infection of SVCV and provide a considerable reference for novel antivirals in aquaculture.

The present investigation mainly addresses the open circuit voltage (Voc) issue in kesterite based Cu2ZnSn(S,Se)4 solar cells by simply introducing alkali metal fluoride nanolayers (~ several nm NaF, or LiF) to lower the work functions of the front ITO contacts without conventional hole-blocking ZnO layers. Kelvin probe measurements confirmed that the work function of the front ITO decreases from 4.82 to 3.39 and 3.65 eV for NaF and LiF, respectively, resulting in beneficial band alignment for electron collection and/or hole blocking on top electrodes. Moreover, a 10.4% power conversion efficiency (~ 11.5% in the cell effective area) CZTSSe cell with improved Voc of up to 90 mV has been attained. This demonstration may provide a new direction of further boosting the performance of copper chalcogenide based solar cells as well.

Hydrogen‐doped In2O3 (IOH) films are used as a transparent back contact in bifacial Cu(In,Ga)Se2 (CIGS) solar cells. The effect of the IOH thickness and the impact of the sodium incorporation techn ...

Chromobox protein homolog 3 (CBX3), a core component of the heterochromatin proteins 1, is recently proved to be involved in human cancerogenesis and associated with the prognosis of patient. However, the role of CBX3 in Tongue squamous cell carcinoma (TSCC) remains unclear. In the present study we found that CBX3 was upregulated in TSCC tissues when compared to adjacent non-tumor tissues, and multivariable analysis showed that high CBX3 expression was associated with clinical stage and cervical node metastasis, which was an independent prognostic indicator of TSCC. Furthermore, Kaplan-Meier survival analysis and log-rank test showed that TSCC patients with high CBX3 expression had a poorer rate of OS compared to patients with low CBX3 expression. Moreover, knocking down CBX3 inhibited TSCC cells proliferation both in vitro and in vivo, while overexpressing CBX3 promoted TSCC cells proliferation. In addition, CBX3 depletion resulted in cell cycle delay at the G1/S phase via the p21 pathway. In summary, we identifies CBX3 as a potential novel oncogene in TSCC, which may act as a biomarker and target in the diagnosis and treatment of this killer disease.

Developing new materials that can efficiently reduce the level of sulfur contents in fossil oils is a pressing issue due to environmental problems. Polyoxometalates (POMs) have been used as catalysts to remove organosulfur compounds via the process of oxidative desulfurization for a long time. Here, a new catalytic material, POMs@MIL-101(Cr)-diatomite, has been obtained by restricting MIL-101(Cr) encapsulating Keggin POMs into mesoporous diatomite, which can overcome the obstacle about the poor solubility of POMs in the overall nonpolar environment. The catalyst was characterized by N2 adsorption-desorption, SEM, XRD, IR and XPS. The desulfurization rate could be up to 98.6%, using H2O2 as the oxidant. Furthermore, the catalyst was reused three times with no structure change under crystal analysis.

We report an unprecedented {CuII14TeIV10} core containing the novel μ,μ-/μ6-TeIVO32− mode and TeIVO44− embedded within a 36-tungsto-4-silicate POT shell, which constitutes the first example of a tellurous copper cluster in POMs. The structure-stabilizing and templating effects of tellurite anions are crucial for this assembly. Moreover, its visible light-driven catalytic H2 evolution activity and related quenching mechanism are demonstrated, and extensive stability studies are presented.

Three hexa-Ni-substituted Keggin phosphotungstate chains, namely, [Ni(en)2]{[Ni6(μ3-OH)3(H2O)2(en)3(B-α-PW9O34)](H2N-bdc)}·8H2O (1), H2{[Ni6(μ3-OH)3(H2O)2(en)3(B-α-PW9O34)](tda)}·7H2O (2), and NaH2[Ni(en)2(H2O)2]{[Ni6(μ3-OH)3(H2O)(en)3(B-α-PW9O34)(PW12O40)](1,4-bdc)}·7H2O (3) (H2N-bdc = 5-aminoisophthalic acid; tda = 2,5-thiophenedicarboxylic acid; 1,4-bdc = dicarboxybenzene; en = ethylenediamine), have been obtained in a steam-assisted conversion manner for the first time. They were fully characterized by elemental analysis, thermogravimetric analysis, IR spectroscopy, diffuse reflectance spectroscopy, and powder X-ray diffraction. Single-crystal X-ray structure analyses indicate that {Ni6PW9} secondary building units bridged by different dicarboxylic ligands through the Ni-carboxylate interaction give rise to the formations of chains 1–3, where the H2N-bdc bridged ligand as well as the unprecedented {(Ni6PW9)PW12} species are reported for the first time in the Ni6-substituted polyoxometalates family. Additionally, their thermal stabilities, magnetic and electrochemical properties were also investigated in detail.

Two dimethyltin-functionalized selenotungstates have been obtained: K4Na14[Sn(CH3)2Se6W24O94]·16H2O (1) and K8Na18[Sn(CH3)2Se6W40O145(H2O)2]Cl2·41H2O (2). They both remain cyclic selenotungstates based the on {Se2W12} units, where (CH3)2Sn2+ moieties were first introduced into "pure" POMs wheels.

As is well known, carbon dioxide (CO2) reduction reaction (CO2 RR) by photocatalytic technology is a means with great promise to alleviate the crises on the global energy and the environmental fronts. It is critical to design and construct photocatalysts with high performance as catalysts are the core of the photocatalytic process. Recently, polyoxometalates (POMs) have aroused wide research interest as CO 2 photoreduction-related catalysts because they possess tunable compositions, thermal stability, redox reaction and tailorable light-absorption capabilities. This review has discussed the recent progress of POMs and POM-based photocatalysts for CO 2 reduction focusing on the roles of POMs as photocatalysts, cocatalysts, photocatalytic hosts (photosensitizers), and multi-electron donors in systems of CO2 photoreduction, which can provide important guides for the design of high-efficiency photocatalysts. In the end, based on summarizing the previous work, we make a prospect to the future research direction, key challenges, and possible solutions in this field.