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The unloading failure process in mining engineering scenarios is similar to the loading failure process at different loading rates indoor. To clarify the relationship between the mechanical properties of backfill and the loading rate, a particle flow code 2D-based numerical simulation was performed to establish the backfill model, and tests involving five loading rates were conducted. The following results were obtained: (1) the compressive strength of the backfill body increases linearly with the increase in the loading rate. The peak strain increases in an S-shaped manner, and the modulus of elasticity first increases and then decreases. (2) The evolution of cracks is similar to that of damage energy consumption, and a smaller rate means that the curve’s inflection point arrives earlier. (3) Tensile failure is the dominant failure mode. As the rate increases, the model destruction mode transforms from single to multiple failures, and the crack distribution becomes denser. (4) The backfill body exhibits a uniform destruction form at all loading rates. However, the difference in the loading rate leads to different energy consumption growth rates and total energy consumption.

The circular economy has become a promising solution to electronic product reuse . The advanced technology of Industry 4.0 drives the recycling platform (RP) to carry out a variety of new business modes, which are important ways to realise a circular economy. In this article, we consider a monopolistic RP under trade-in for new mode, leasing mode, or their mixed mode, respectively. We develop a discrete-time game with infinite periods and use the Markov decision and Bellman equation to obtain the consumer’s perfect equilibria consumption strategies . By comparing different modes under RP’s profits, consumer surplus, and environment impact perspectives, we find that when the durability of leased refurbished product exceeds that of the resold refurbished ones, the mixed mode is better than the trade-in for new mode, which can achieve more platform profits, more consumer surplus, and less environment impact. By considering the three perspectives together, the mixed mode is not always better than the other two modes. The mixed mode is optimal only when the durability of leased refurbished one is relatively high. We also conduct extensive numerical research, show optimal service mode under three perspectives, and extend the effects of different qualities of recycled used products on optimal mode.

Confucianism advocates jing 敬 [Respect], and the Neo-Confucianism of Song and Ming considers chijing 持敬 [Maitaining Respect] as a method for cultivating awareness and virtue. Cheng-Zhu Neo-Confucianism was formally introduced to the Korean peninsula at the end of the Goryeo period, having greatly enriched the Korean Confucianism and created a Neo-Confucianism with Korean local characteristics. The Joseon Dynasty had Confucianism as its founding philosophy, as a result the basic virtues of Confucianism such as Maintaining Respect and Sincerity (持敬存诚)are well known to the common people. In the 19th century, Donghak emerged as a major trend of thought championing self-cultivation through "Three Respects" (i.e., respect for heaven, for people and for things), a concept that is, this article argues, grounded in the teaching of jing（敬） and chijing（持敬） in Confucianism. It emphasizes "Respect for Things", promoting a warm and thoughtful attitude towards nature, thus setting it in sharp contrast with the apathy of modern Western anthropocentrism and individualism that leads to environmental pollution, ecological imbalance，and human indifference. “Respect for Things” in Donghak, as a reverberation of “Respect” in Confucianism, serves well as a forward-looking insight in addressing the current human condition.

PurposeThis study aims to compare the clinicopathological and immunohistochemical characteristics of centrally necrotizing carcinoma of the breast (CNC) and basal-like breast cancer (BLBC), as well as to analyze the characteristics of the molecular typing of the CNC.MethodsThe clinicopathological features of 69 cases of CNC and 48 cases of BLBC were observed and compared. EnVision immunohistochemical staining was performed to detect the expressions of hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF-1α), breast cancer susceptibility gene 1 (BRCA1), and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in CNC and BLBC.ResultsThe age of the 69 patients ranged from 32 to 80 years, with an average of 54.55 years. Gross examination showed that most tumors were well-defined single central nodules with a diameter of 1.2~5.0 cm. Microscopically, there is a large necrotic or acellular area in the center of the tumor, mainly composed of tumor coagulative necrosis with varying degrees of fibrosis or hyaline degeneration. A small amount of cancer tissue remained in the form of a ribbon or small nest around the necrotic focus. Among 69 cases of CNC, the proportion of basal cell type (56.5%) was significantly higher than that of lumen type A (18.84%), lumen type B (13.04%), HER2 overexpression (5.8%), and nonexpression (5.8%). A total of 31 cases were followed up for 8~50 months, with an average of 33.94 months. There have been nine cases of disease progression. When compared to BLBC, there were no significant differences in BRCA1 and VEGF protein expression in response to CNC (p > 0.05), but there were significant differences in protein expression in HIF-1α (p < 0.05).ConclusionThe molecular typing of CNC showed that over half of those were BLBC. No statistically significant difference in the expression of BRCA1 was observed between CNC and BLBC; thus, we predict that targeted therapy for BRCA1 in BLBC may also have considerable effects in CNC patients. The expression of HIF-1α is significantly different in CNC and BLBC, and perhaps HIF-1α can be used as a new entry point to distinguish between the two. There is a significant correlation between the expression of VEGF and HIF-1α in BLBC, and there was no significant correlation between the expression levels of the two proteins in CNC.

Spindles differ in density, amplitude, and frequency, and these variations reflect different physiological processes. Sleep disorders are characterized by difficulty in falling asleep and maintaining sleep. In this study, we proposed a new spindle wave detection algorithm, which was more effective compared with traditional detection algorithms such as wavelet algorithm. Besides, we recorded EEG data from 20 subjects with sleep disorders and 10 normal subjects, and then we compared the spindle characteristics of sleep-disordered subjects and normal subjects (those without any sleep disorder) to assess the spindle activity during human sleep. Specifically, we scored 30 subjects on the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index and then analyzed the association between their sleep quality scores and spindle characteristics, reflecting the effect of sleep disorders on spindle characteristics. We found a significant correlation between the sleep quality score and spindle density (p = 1.84 × 10−8, p-value p-value of 0.667, suggesting that the spindle frequency and sleep quality score were not significantly correlated. The p-value between the sleep quality score and spindle amplitude was 1.33 × 10−4, indicating that the mean amplitude of the spindle decreases as the score increases, and the mean spindle amplitude is generally slightly higher in the normal population than in the sleep-disordered population. The normal and sleep-disordered groups did not show obvious differences in the number of spindles between symmetric channels C3/C4 and F3/F4. The difference in the density and amplitude of the spindles proposed in this paper can be a reference characteristic for the diagnosis of sleep disorders and provide valuable objective evidence for clinical diagnosis. In summary, our proposed detection method can effectively improve the accuracy of sleep spindle wave detection with stable performance. Meanwhile, our study shows that the spindle density, frequency and amplitude are different between the sleep-disordered and normal populations.

This article mainly studies the positioning function of radioactive detection technology in process control for processing devices. The accuracy of 22Na detection is not limited by the spatial area by comparing different illumination scenarios; the accuracy of inspection is independent of the accuracy of machining equipment; the accuracy of the detection is not affected by the conditions of the processed body. This study is of great significance for the future radioactive detection technology to make up for the lack of precision caused by the existing sensor technology on the spatial positioning of the processing device, the illumination environment and the material characteristics of the processed body, and for the process control research in the field of advanced manufacturing.

Introduction: Bu-Fei-Huo-Xue capsule (BFHX) has been used to treat pulmonary fibrosis (PF) in clinic. However, the mechanism of Bu-Fei-Huo-Xue capsule on pulmonary fibrosis remains unclear. Recent studies have shown that the changes in gut microbiota were closely related to the progression of pulmonary fibrosis. Modulating gut microbiota provides new thoughts in the treatment of pulmonary fibrosis.Methods: In this study,a mouse model of pulmonary fibrosis was induced using bleomycin (BLM) and treated with Bu-Fei-Huo-Xue capsule. We firstly evaluated the therapeutic effects of Bu-Fei-Huo-Xue capsule on pulmonary fibrosis model mice. Besides,the anti-inflammatory and anti- oxidative effects of Bu-Fei-Huo-Xue capsule were evaluated. Furthermore, 16S rRNA sequencing was used to observe the changes in gut microbiota in pulmonary fibrosis model mice after Bu-Fei-Huo-Xue capsule treatment.Results: Our results showed that Bu-Fei-Huo-Xue capsule significantly reduced the collagen deposition in pulmonary fibrosis model mice. Bu-Fei-Huo-Xue capsule treatment also reduced the levels and mRNA expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines and inhibited the oxidative stress in lung. 16S rRNA sequencing showed that Bu-Fei-Huo-Xue capsule affected the diversity of gut microbiota and the relative abundances of gut microbiota such as Lactobacillus, Lachnospiraceae_NK4A136_group, and Romboutsia.Conclusion: Our study demonstrated the therapeutic effects of Bu-Fei-Huo-Xue capsule on pulmonary fibrosis. The mechanisms of Bu-Fei-Huo-Xue capsule on pulmonary fibrosis may be associated with regulating gut microbiota.

Changes in species composition and diversity-productivity relationships during vegetation succession are of great significance for the restoration of degraded grasslands. However, the human intervention of grassland restoration mostly considers the single ecological (diversity) or production (biomass) function of grasslands, and does not fully consider the relationships between the two to improve the restoration effects. In this study, three vegetation types (desert grassland, sandy grassland and temperate savanna) were considered to simulate the three stages of restoration of degraded temperate savanna (early, middle and late restoration). Changes in species composition, diversity, and diversity-productivity relationships during the temperate savanna restoration were explored through spatiotemporal substitution. The results showed that with the progress of succession, xerophytes decreased significantly, mesophytes and hygrophytes increased, C4 plants decreased gradually, and C3 plants increased. The change of species richness was the main reason for community differences in the process of community succession, and species replacement mainly occurred between communities in the early and middle stages of succession. Species richness increased significantly from early to late stage of restoration. Latitude was significantly negatively correlated with species diversity. In the process of vegetation restoration, the impact of species richness, Pielou’s evenness, and β-diversity on biomass gradually developed positively and continued to increase, while the Simpson index showed the opposite effect. This study provides references for the restoration of temperate savanna and emphasizes the ecological and productive functions of the grassland should be taken into account in the restoration strategy.

BackgroundPatients with head trauma may develop hydrocephalus after decompressive craniectomy. Many studies have referred one-stage cranioplasty (CP) and ventriculoperitoneal shunt (VPS) was applied to treat cranial defect with post-traumatic hydrocephalus (PTH), but the safety and efficiency of the procedure remain controversial.MethodsThis is a retrospective cohort study including 70 patients of PTH following decompressive craniectomy who underwent simultaneous (50) and separated (20) procedures of cranioplasty and VPS from March 2014 to March 2021 at the authors’ institution with at least 30 days of follow-up. Patient characteristics, clinical findings, and complications were collected and analyzed.ResultsFifty patients with PTH underwent improved simultaneous procedures and 20 patients underwent staged surgeries. Among the cases, the overall complication rate was 22.86%. Complications suffered by patients who underwent one-stage procedure of CP and VPS did not differ significantly, compared with patients in the group of staged procedures (22% vs. 25%, p = 0.763). The significant difference was not observed in the two groups, regarding the complications of subdural/epidural fluid collection (4%/6% vs. 0/2%, p = 1.000/1.000), epidural hemorrhage (6% vs. 4%, p = 0.942), dysfunction of shunting system (0 vs. 2%, p = 0.286), postoperative seizure (8% vs. 4%, p = 1.000), and reoperation case (0 vs. 2%, p = 0.286). No case of subdural hemorrhage, incision/intracranial/abdominal infection, shunting system dysfunction, or reoperation was observed in the group of simultaneous procedure. Complications including subdural/epidural fluid collection, subdural hemorrhage, and incision/intracranial infection were not shown in the case series of the staged procedure group.ConclusionThe improved simultaneous procedure of cranioplasty and VPS is effective and safe to treat cranial defect and post-traumatic hydrocephalus with low risk of complications.

Lactoferrin (Lf), existing widely in human and mammalian milk, is a multifunctional glycoprotein with many functions, such as immune regulation, anti-inflammation, antibacterial, antiviral, and antioxidant. These extensive functions largely attribute to its ability to chelate iron and interfere with the cellular receptors of pathogenic microorganisms and their hosts. Moreover, it is non-toxic and has good compatibility with other supplements. Thus, Lf has been widely used in food nutrition, drug carriers, biotechnology, and feed development. Although Lf has been continuously explored and studied, a more comprehensive and systematic compendium is still required. This review presents the recent advances in the structure and physicochemical properties of Lf as well as clinical studies on human diseases, with the aim of providing a reference for further research of Lf and the development of its related functional products.

Additional file 2: Supplementary Figure 1. The images of a 50 years old CRLM patients with tumor attached vessels. Supplementary Figure 2. The images of a 71 years old CRLM patients with tumor attached vessels.

The focus of our paper is to investigate the possibility of a minimizer for the Thomas-Fermi-Dirac-von Weizsäcker model on the lattice graph $\mathbb{Z}^{3}$. The model is described by the following functional: \begin{equation*} E(φ)=\sum_{y\in\mathbb{Z}^{3}}\left(|\nablaφ(y)|^2+ (φ(y))^{\frac{10}{3}}-(φ(y))^{\frac{8}{3}}\right)+ \sum_{x,y\in\mathbb{Z}^{3}\atop ~\ y\neq x\hfill}\frac{φ^2(x)φ^2(y)}{|x-y|}, \end{equation*} with the additional constraint that $\sum\limits_{y\in\mathbb{Z}^{3}} φ^2(y)=m$ is sufficiently small. We also prove the nonexistence of a minimizer provided the mass $m$ is adequately large. Furthermore, we extend our analysis to a subset $Ω\subset \mathbb{Z}^{3}$ and prove the nonexistence of a minimizer for the following functional: \begin{equation*} E(Ω)=|\partialΩ|+\sum_{x,y\inΩ\atop ~y\neq x\hfill}\frac{1}{|x-y|}, \end{equation*} under the constraint that $|Ω|=V$ is sufficiently large., 21 pages

Despite having data for over 10^9 stars from Gaia, only less than 10^4 star clusters and candidates have been discovered. Particularly, distant star clusters are rarely identified, due to the challenges posed by heavy extinction and great distance. However, Gaia data has continued to improve, enabling even fainter cluster members to be distinguished from field stars. In this work, we will introduce a star cluster search method based on the DBSCAN algorithm; we have made improvements to make it better suited for identifying clusters on dimmer and more distant stars. After removing member stars of known Gaia-based clusters, we have identified 2086 objects with |b| 5 mag. And it has enabled us to detect a higher number of old clusters, over a billion years old, that are difficult to detect due to observational limitations. Our findings significantly expand the remote cluster sample and enhance our understanding of the limits of Gaia DR3 data in stellar aggregates research. The full figure set for 2085 clusters can be seen in \url{https://nadc.china-vo.org/res/r101258/}, 18 pages, a url link with a full figure set (.pdf file with 88 pages) for 2085 distant clusters in abstract, accepted by ApJS

In this work, we present a protocol for comparing the performance of arbitrary quantum processes executed on spatially or temporally disparate quantum platforms using Local Operations and Classical Communication (LOCC). The protocol involves sampling local unitary operators, which are then communicated to each platform via classical communication to construct quantum state preparation and measurement circuits. Subsequently, the local unitary operators are implemented on each platform, resulting in the generation of probability distributions of measurement outcomes. The max process fidelity is estimated from the probability distributions, which ultimately quantifies the relative performance of the quantum processes. Furthermore, we demonstrate that this protocol can be adapted for quantum process tomography. We apply the protocol to compare the performance of five quantum devices from IBM and the "Qianshi" quantum computer from Baidu via the cloud. Remarkably, the experimental results reveal that the protocol can accurately compare the performance of the quantum processes implemented on different quantum computers, requiring significantly fewer measurements than those needed for full quantum process tomography. We view our work as a catalyst for collaborative efforts in cross-platform comparison of quantum computers.

Additional file 1. Full length blots.

Depth completion is the task of recovering dense depth maps from sparse ones, usually with the help of color images. Existing image-guided methods perform well on daytime depth perception self-driving benchmarks, but struggle in nighttime scenarios with poor visibility and complex illumination. To address these challenges, we propose a simple yet effective framework called LDCNet. Our key idea is to use Recurrent Inter-Convolution Differencing (RICD) and Illumination-Affinitive Intra-Convolution Differencing (IAICD) to enhance the nighttime color images and reduce the negative effects of the varying illumination, respectively. RICD explicitly estimates global illumination by differencing two convolutions with different kernels, treating the small-kernel-convolution feature as the center of the large-kernel-convolution feature in a new perspective. IAICD softly alleviates local relative light intensity by differencing a single convolution, where the center is dynamically aggregated based on neighboring pixels and the estimated illumination map in RICD. On both nighttime depth completion and depth estimation tasks, extensive experiments demonstrate the effectiveness of our LDCNet, reaching the state of the art., Comment: 10 pages

Supplementary Material 1

Additional file 1: Supplemental figures and methods.

Ferroelectric van der Waals CuInP$_2$S$_6$ possesses intriguing quadruple-well states and negative piezoelectricity. Its technological implementation has been impeded by the relatively low Curie temperature (bulk $T_C$ ~42 {\deg}C) and the lack of precise domain control. Here we show that CuInP$_2$S$_6$ can be immune to the finite size effect and exhibits enhanced ferroelectricity, piezoelectricity, and polar alignment in the ultrathin limit when interfaced with ferroelectric oxide PbZr$_{0.2}$Ti$_{0.8}$O$_3$ films. Piezoresponse force microscopy studies reveal that the polar domains in thin CuInP$_2$S$_6$ fully conform to those of underlying PbZr$_{0.2}$Ti$_{0.8}$O$_3$, where the piezoelectric coefficient changes sign and increases sharply with reducing thickness. The $T_C$ of 13 nm CuInP$_2$S$_6$ on PbZr$_{0.2}$Ti$_{0.8}$O$_3$ exceeds 200 {\deg}C. Density functional theory modeling and Monte Carlo simulations show that the enhanced polar alignment and $T_C$ can be attributed to interface-mediated structure distortion in CuInP$_2$S$_6$. Our study provides a new material strategy to engineer the polar properties of CuInP$_2$S$_6$ for flexible nanoelectronic, optoelectronic, and mechanical applications., Comment: 18 pages, 5 figures

This study aims to investigate how exercise-induced myocardial hypertrophy preconditioning affects cardiac fibroblasts in the context of myocardial fibrosis, a chronic disease that can cause cardiac arrhythmia and heart failure. Heart failure was induced in male C57BL/6 mice via Transverse aortic constriction, and some mice were given swimming exercise before surgery to test the effects of exercise-induced myocardial hypertrophy preconditioning on myocardial fibrosis. Myocardial tissue was evaluated for fibrosis, senescent cells, and apoptotic cells. Myocardial fibroblasts from rats were cultured and treated with norepinephrine to induce fibrosis which were then treated with si-Nrf2 and analyzed for markers of fibrosis, senescence, apoptosis, and cell proliferation. Exercise-induced myocardial hypertrophy preconditioning reduced myocardial fibrosis in mice, as shown by decreased mRNA expression levels of fibrosis-related indicators and increased cell senescence. In vitro data indicated that norepinephrine (NE) treatment increased fibrosis-related markers and reduced apoptotic and senescent cells, and this effect was reversed by pre-conditioning in PRE+NE group. Preconditioning activated Nrf2 and downstream signaling genes, promoting premature senescence in cardiac fibroblasts and tissues isolated from preconditioned mice. Moreover, Nrf2 knockdown reversed proapoptotic effects, restored cell proliferation, reduced senescence-related protein expression, and increased oxidative stress markers and fibrosis-related genes, indicating Nrf2‘s crucial role in regulating oxidative stress response of cardiac fibroblasts. Exercise-induced myocardial hypertrophy preconditioning improves myocardial fibrosis which is Nrf2-dependent, indicating the protective effect of hypertrophy preconditioning. These findings may contribute to the development of therapeutic interventions to prevent or treat myocardial fibrosis.

Additional file 14. Review history.

Additional file1: Fig. S1. The protoplasts prepared by PTED. (a) The flowers and bolls of cotton (Xuzhou 142 WT) at -3 to 2 DPA. (b) The viability of protoplast cells was assessed by trypan blue staining. (c) The median longitudinal sections for ovules before and after PTED digestions. OI, outer integument. II, inner integument. ES, embryo sac. Scale bar, 500 μm. Fig. S2. Clustering method for scRNA-seq data. (a) Distribution of modularity enrichment folds of 3000 expressed genes without batch effect removal. See the ‘Remove batch effects’ section in the Method. (b) Clustering and UMAP projection of 251 MEGs in (a). (c) The UMAP projection of the original clustering of scRNA-seq data. (d) The UMAP projection of the final clustering was obtained by filtering and merging the original clustering according to the MEGs distribution. (e) The expression correlation between v2 and v3 kits. (f) The gene number and UMI counts per cell for C1-C5 clusters. Fig. S3. Fiber cell identity analysis using scRNA-seq, LCM-seq, and fiber bulk RNA-seq data. (a) The examples of marker genes in each cell cluster. UMAP projections (left) and point plots (right) for each cell cluster are displayed. (b) The data reproducibility analysis of the three replicates of LCM-seq of fiber cells at 1 DPA. (c) The gene expression correlation analysis between the fiber cells at 1 DPA from LCM-seq and the cells in different clusters from scRNA-seq. (d) The data reproducibility analysis of the three replicates of bulk RNA-seq of isolated fiber cells at 5 DPA. (e) The gene expression correlation analysis between the fiber cells (5 DPA) from bulk RNA-seq and the cells in different clusters from scRNA-seq. (f) UMAP projection of estimated expression time for scRNA-seq cells. (g-k) UMAP projection of the correlation coefficient between scRNA-seq and time-course RNA-seq data. Fig. S4. The top 10 GO-terms for the marker genes in each scRNA-seq cluster. The left is for non-TFs (Transcription Factors) and the right is for TFs. Fig. S5. The fiber-associated genes from the literature and their expression from scRNA-seq in this study. (a) The references and experimental evidence from previous studies for the five marker genes in C3 cluster. (b) Single-cell UMAP profiles (top) and quantified gene expression values (CPM) in C1-C5 clusters (bottom) for the five marker genes in the C3 cluster. (c) The references and experimental evidence from previous studies for the six highly expressed genes in C3 cluster. (d) Single-cell UMAP profiles (top) and quantified gene expression values (CPM) in C1-C5 clusters (bottom) for the six highly expressed genes in C3 cluster. The cells in C3 cluster are marked with dotted line circles. The experiment methods in previous studies are annotated below the original figures, including RNA in situ hybridization, GUS reporter, and qRT-PCR. Fig. S6. The rhythmic expression of cotton fiber-associated genes. (a) The effects on fiber growth of in vitro cultured ovules under GhRALF1 and GhRALF2 treatments at four different concentrations (1 nM, 50 nM, 500 nM, and 1 μM). Scale bar, 5 mm. (b-e) The transcriptional expression of GhRALF1s (b-c) and GhRALF2s (d-e) revealed with RNA-seq and qRT-PCR. (f) The qRT-PCR validations for the expressions of GhRALF1 under continuous light conditions. (g-h) The statistical method for the fiber length dynamics. The sampling time-points across 0-2 DPA and the two observation regions on the ovules (chalazal and mid-region) were shown in (g). The representative sections for ovules at 4-hour intervals across 0-2 DPA were shown in (h). (i) Heatmap showing the Spearman correlation coefficient for time-course RNA-seq data. Fig. S7. The expression of core circadian oscillators during the growth of fibers. (a) The top 10 enriched GO-terms for L1-L3 and N1 groups. (b) ATAC-seq and diurnal RNA-seq for PRR5 and CCA1. ATAC-seq, diurnal RNA-seq, and qRT-PCR for PRR7 and PRR9. Fig. S8. Quality control and analysis of scATAC-seq data. (a) The distribution of scATAC-seq signal on the whole genome. (b) The distribution of scATAC-seq signal around transcription start site (TSS) and transcription termination site (TTS). (c) Four methods for dimensionality reduction projection of scATAC-seq of WT (top) and fl (bottom). (d) The number of differentially expressed ATAC-seq signals in DARs (left) and DAGs (right) level between WT and fl. See also Additional file 9: Table S8. (e) The correlation analysis for scRNA-seq and bulked scATAC-seq. (f) The top 25 DAGs in WT and fl respectively. The fold change of ATAC-seq signal (top) and single-cell RNA expression in each cell cluster (bottom) are shown. (g) Two representative gene examples in (f) shown with gene models, ATAC-seq signals, and scRNA-seq relative expressions. Fig. S9. The identification of TCP and TCP-like motifs and the expression analysis for their targeting genes. (a) Flowchart showing the computational pipeline for identifying cell-specific motifs. (b) The distribution of Morans’I score of targeting gene number and total UMI for each 8-mer motif. (c) Flowchart showing the pipeline for identifying direction-specific motifs. (d) The median absolute deviation of the relative position distribution between (reverse) cell-specific k-mer motifs and transcription start site. (e) Three examples of “non-enriched around TSS” (top), “directional-specific” (middle), and “non-directional” (bottom) cell-specific k-mer motifs in (d). (f) The Venn diagram depicts the fraction of TCP and TCP-like motifs targeting genes in the genes with the C3 marker genes. (g) The proportion of TCP (top) or TCP-like (bottom) targeting genes to the genes with the highest expression in C1-C5. The same number of genes as the TCP/TCP-like motif target genes were randomly selected 10,000 times as controls to count the highest expressed cell types. The mean value and standard deviation of the 10,000 replicates were used as the random value and the error bar for the random samples. The p-values of the Fisher test are denoted on the bars. Fig. S10. The rhythmic expression of TCP gene family and their targeting genes. (a) The TCP gene family in cotton was clustered into four branches according to protein sequence alignment. (b) The expression heatmap for the genes in TCP VI branch including TCP14, TCP7, and TCP21 based on diurnal RNA-seq data. (c) The gene expression heatmap of scRNA-seq (left) and RNA-seq (right) for the TCP targeting genes in fiber cells. The data in diurnal RNA-seq presents clear rhythmic expression in WT, but not in fl. The known fiber-associated genes, and the genes involved in protein translation and mitochondrial energy were highlighted. (d) The translational activity comparisons with ribosome profiling assays for WT and fl ovules at 0-2 DPA. (e) The activity comparisons of oxygen consumption for WT and fl ovules. The x- and y-axis denote the time and OCAR values, respectively. (f) The ribosome profiling assays for 0-1 DPA WT ovules at night (10 PM) and day (10 AM). Fig. S11. The effects of day-night conditions on fiber lengths. (a) The statistics of fiber length for the cotton grown at different sites in China. The locations were indicated on the map of China (bottom). Data were collated from the previous report. (b) The phenotypes of gross plants, bolls, and seed fibers for the cotton plants under different day-night conditions. (c) The statistics of fiber length under ND (16h/8h) and LD (20h/4h). The values are the means ± s.d., n=100. Asterisks indicate a significant difference (*** p-value < 0.001; unpaired Student’s t-test).

In recent years, large language models (LLMs) have made significant progress in natural language processing (NLP), with models like ChatGPT and GPT-4 achieving impressive capabilities in various linguistic tasks. However, training models on such a large scale is challenging, and finding datasets that match the model's scale is often difficult. Fine-tuning and training models with fewer parameters using novel methods have emerged as promising approaches to overcome these challenges. One such model is MiniGPT-4, which achieves comparable vision-language understanding to GPT-4 by leveraging novel pre-training models and innovative training strategies. However, the model still faces some challenges in image understanding, particularly in artistic pictures. A novel multimodal model called ArtGPT-4 has been proposed to address these limitations. ArtGPT-4 was trained on image-text pairs using a Tesla A100 device in just 2 hours, using only about 200 GB of data. The model can depict images with an artistic flair and generate visual code, including aesthetically pleasing HTML/CSS web pages. Furthermore, the article proposes novel benchmarks for evaluating the performance of vision-language models. In the subsequent evaluation methods, ArtGPT-4 scored more than 1 point higher than the current \textbf{state-of-the-art} model and was only 0.25 points lower than artists on a 6-point scale. Our code and pre-trained model are available at \url{https://huggingface.co/Tyrannosaurus/ArtGPT-4}., Comment: 16 pages

Additional file 1: Figure S1. Study diagram. Figure S2. Incidence of grade 3 diarrhea during neoadjuvant treatment. Table S1. Clinical responses following neoadjuvant treatment assessed by local investigator per RECIST v1.1. Table S2. Exposure of the individual components of study treatment. Table S3. Serious adverse events during neoadjuvant therapy. Table S4. Summary of data on diarrhea during neoadjuvant treatment. Table S5. Characteristics of diarrhea before and after proactive management. Table S6. Overview of neutropenia, febrile neutropenia, and decreased white blood cell count during neoadjuvant treatment period.

This paper focuses on the spacecraft attitude control problem with intermittent actuator activation, taking into account the attitude rotation rate limitation and input saturation issue simultaneously. To address this problem, we first propose a composite event-trigger mechanism, which composed of two state-dependent trigger that governing the activation and deactivation of actuators. Subsequently, by introducing the cascaded decomposition of Backstepping control philosophy, the designed trigger mechanism is then applied to the decomposed dynamical subsystem, providing a layered intermittent stabilization strategy. Further, the basic intermittent attitude controller is extended to a "constrained version" by introducing a strictly bounded virtual control law and an input saturation compensation auxiliary system. By analyzing the local boundedness of the system on each inter-event time interval, a uniformly, strictly decreasing upper boundary of the lumped system is further characterized, thereby completing the proof of the system's uniformly ultimately boundedness (UUB). Finally, numerical simulation results are illustrated to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed scheme., Comment: Submitted to T-AES

Metabolic syndrome and obesity-related complications such as insulin resistance (IR), type II diabetes (T2D) and cardiovascular disease (CVD) have remained a critical worldwide health issue. A previously published study by our group revealed that low birth weight (LBW) piglets exhibited IR and developed preferential intestinal lipid absorption, hypertriglyceridemia and muscle steatosis when fed a high fat (HF) diet compared to normal birth weight (NBW) piglets. For my thesis, we subsequently hypothesized that fatty acid transporters such as CD36, FATP4, FABP2 and/or VAMP7 could potentially explain the development of these observations. Additionally, LBW swine are not often valued in the industry and/or removed from the market due to reduced growth rate and meat quality. We have identified that preferential lipid deposition in muscle tissue may yield a human health benefit by increasing the proportion of beneficial fatty acids for meat consumption. At the same time, dairy-derived fatty acids have been shown to provide beneficial effect on IR, which can be potentially incorporated into pork muscle. Dairy ingredients (lactose and whey protein) can also potentially enhance growth performance in weaning piglets. Therefore, the overall aim of this thesis was to investigate the impact of LBW and dairy intake on intestinal and/or muscle lipid metabolism, as well as on postnatal growth, meat quality and carcass traits. At 5-weeks of age, NBW and LBW piglets consumed a 1-week transition diet then were randomly assigned to three experimental diets: 1-chow diet, 2-HF diet or 3-isocaloric HF diet supplemented with 3 servings per 2000kcal/day of full fat dairy products (HF+Dairy). At 12-weeks of age, piglets were euthanized, and carcass, fasting plasma, muscle tissues (longissimus muscle and biceps femoris) and jejunum mucosal scrapings were collected. Results revealed that LBW-HF swine exhibited an early sign of IR (fasting glucose, p In summary, findings from this thesis provide new evidence on intestinal/muscle lipid metabolism and meat/carcass quality parameters. We have demonstrated that increased intestinal lipid absorption and preferential muscle lipid deposition in LBW swine can be potentially explained by the upregulation of CD36. Increasing dairy intake can potentially add value to both pork (increasing long-chain PUFA content) and carcass (increasing Canadian lean yield %) quality. Our findings also suggest that LBW pork quality may not be necessarily impaired, which is dependent on LBW phenotype and feeding practice.

Recent self-supervised methods are mainly designed for representation learning with the base model, e.g., ResNets or ViTs. They cannot be easily transferred to DETR, with task-specific Transformer modules. In this work, we present Siamese DETR, a Siamese self-supervised pretraining approach for the Transformer architecture in DETR. We consider learning view-invariant and detection-oriented representations simultaneously through two complementary tasks, i.e., localization and discrimination, in a novel multi-view learning framework. Two self-supervised pretext tasks are designed: (i) Multi-View Region Detection aims at learning to localize regions-of-interest between augmented views of the input, and (ii) Multi-View Semantic Discrimination attempts to improve object-level discrimination for each region. The proposed Siamese DETR achieves state-of-the-art transfer performance on COCO and PASCAL VOC detection using different DETR variants in all setups. Code is available at https://github.com/Zx55/SiameseDETR., Comment: 10 pages, 11 figures. Accepted in CVPR 2023

Federated learning (FL) has recently become a hot research topic, in which Byzantine robustness, communication efficiency and privacy preservation are three important aspects. However, the tension among these three aspects makes it hard to simultaneously take all of them into account. In view of this challenge, we theoretically analyze the conditions that a communication compression method should satisfy to be compatible with existing Byzantine-robust methods and privacy-preserving methods. Motivated by the analysis results, we propose a novel communication compression method called consensus sparsification (ConSpar). To the best of our knowledge, ConSpar is the first communication compression method that is designed to be compatible with both Byzantine-robust methods and privacy-preserving methods. Based on ConSpar, we further propose a novel FL framework called FedREP, which is Byzantine-robust, communication-efficient and privacy-preserving. We theoretically prove the Byzantine robustness and the convergence of FedREP. Empirical results show that FedREP can significantly outperform communication-efficient privacy-preserving baselines. Furthermore, compared with Byzantine-robust communication-efficient baselines, FedREP can achieve comparable accuracy with the extra advantage of privacy preservation.

Additional file 1: Table S1. MRI Parameters.

Additional file 1: Supplementary Table. Prognostic factor points for CRLM patients with tumor attached vessels.

Additional file 1: Fig. S1. In situ confocal observation of the effects of digitonin (another type of detergent) on HUVECs. Fig. S2. Fluorescence confocal imaging visualizes the effects of Triton X-100 (0.1% for 10 min) on intranuclear contents of HepG-2 cells including chromosomes and proteins (e.g. pP65 as a representative). The HepG-2 cells have been activated by 1 μg/mL LPS prior to the Triton treatment. The chromosomes were stained with DAPI (blue), and pP65 proteins were stained with anti-pP65 antibody and AlexaFluor647-conjugated anti-IgG antibody (red). Scale bar: 20 μm. Fig. S3. In situ observation of the effects of gentle washes on the nuclei remaining on the substrate after Triton X-100 treatment. Fig. S4. Comparison between the yield of nuclear proteins (Hif-1α and pP65) isolated by our method from HUVECs and their yield from the total proteins isolated by RIPA solution from cells at the same density. Fig. S5. Confirmation of the LPS-induced expression of ICAM-1 in a concentration-dependent manner.

The multicultural work, The Dream of the Red Chamber, posits a field for exploring the interconnection between Confucian interpretations and its intrinsic Goddess narrative. In this article, I examine the reconciliation of the former with the latter. The immanent transcendence in Neo-Confucianism is not enough for interpreting this novel, for covering the question of a natural connection between Vermilion Pearl and Shen Ying, for a dichotomy of tian and the earth, the transcendent and the immanent. The Goddess narrative of repairing tian can rectify this difficult position and a nomadic spirituality forged in a mutually cultivating process is proposed, both to rescue the Confucian interpretation of the novel and to find a way of reconciling the Confucian ‘ tian’ and the Goddess.

To observe the clinical efficacy of ‘Tong Du Yun Pi’ (Governor Vessel-unblocking and spleen-promoting) manipulation in treating infantile diarrhea in autumn. Eighty-four kids were divided into a control group and an observation group using the random number table method, with 42 cases in each group. The control group was intervened by oral administration of montmorillonite powder, and the observation group was given additional ‘Tong Du Yun Pi’ pediatric massage (tuina) treatment. After treatment, the traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) symptoms scores, symptom improvement time, clinical efficacy and immune function indicators were compared between the two groups. After treatment, the total effective rate was 95.2% in the observation group versus 76.2% in the control group, and the between-group difference was statistically significant (P

Durability is one of the critical issues to restrict the commercialization of proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) for the vehicle application. The practical dynamic operation significantly affects the PEMFCs durability by corroding its key components. In this work, the degradation behavior of a single PEMFC has been investigated under a simulated automotive load-cycling operation, with the aim of revealing the effect of load amplitude (0.8 and 0.2 A/cm2 amplitude for the current density range of 0.1−0.9 and 0.1−0.3 A/cm2, respectively) on its performance degradation. A more severe degradation on the fuel cell performance is observed under a higher load amplitude of 0.8 A/cm2 cycling operation, with ∼10.5% decrease of cell voltage at a current density of 1.0 A/cm2. The larger loss of fuel cell performance under the higher load amplitude test is mainly due to the frequent fluctuation of a wider potential cycling. Physicochemical characterizations analyses indicate that the Pt nanoparticles in cathodic catalyst layer grow faster with a higher increase extent of particle size under this circumstance because of their repeated oxidation/reduction and subsequent dissolution/agglomeration process, resulting in the degradation of platinum catalyst and thus the cell performance. Additionally, the detected microstructure change of the cathodic catalyst layer also contributes to the performance failure that causes a distinct increase in mass transfer resistance.

Longitudinal monitoring of patients with advanced cancers is crucial to evaluate both disease burden and treatment response. Current liquid biopsy approaches mostly rely on the detection of DNA-based biomarkers. However, plasma RNA analysis can unleash tremendous opportunities for tumor state interrogation and molecular subtyping. Through the application of deep learning algorithms to the deconvolved transcriptomes of RNA within plasma extracellular vesicles (evRNA), we successfully predict consensus molecular subtypes in metastatic colorectal cancer patients. We further demonstrate the ability to monitor changes in transcriptomic subtype under treatment selection pressure and identify molecular pathways in evRNA associated with recurrence. Our approach also identified expressed gene fusions and neoepitopes from evRNA. These results demonstrate the feasibility of transcriptomic-based liquid biopsy platforms for precision oncology approaches, spanning from the longitudinal monitoring of tumor subtype changes to identification of expressed fusions and neoantigens as cancer-specific therapeutic targets,sansthe need for tissue-based sampling.Statement of significanceWe have developed an approach to interrogate changes in cancer molecular subtypes and differentially expressed genes, through the analysis and deconvolution of RNA sequencing of plasma EVs. Serial analyses of tumor-encoded transcriptomes in liquid biopsies can enable facile cancer detection and monitor for recurrences and therapy-induced tumor evolution.

Few reports study the effects of the anatomical structure of the iliac vein on hemodynamics and the methods to reduce and delay in-stent thrombosis. The anatomical structure of iliac vein stenosis was used to establish vascular models with different stenosis rates, taper angle, and left branch tilt angle in the work. The influence of anatomical structure on hemodynamics was revealed through theoretical research and in vitro experimental verification. A real iliac vein model was built based on computed tomography angiography (CTA) images, and hemorheological parameters including time-averaged wall shear stress (TAWSS), oscillatory shear index (OSI) and relative residence time (RRT) were analyzed by computational fluid dynamics (CFD). The results showed that iliac vein stenosis could significantly increase the wall shear stress (WSS) of the blood vessels at the stenosis site and outside the intersection area, which was easy to produce eddy currents in the distal blood vessels. With the increased taper angle, the proportion of low-wall shear stress areas and the risk of thrombosis increased. A small tilt angle could aggravate the influence of narrow blood vessels on the blood flow characteristics and vascular wall. The numerical simulation results were consistent with the theoretical research results, and the experimental study verified the correctness of the simulation. The work is helpful to further understand the hemodynamic characteristics of the iliac vein, providing a scientific reference for clinical treatment and diagnosis.

Enterococcus faecalis is a serious problem for hospitals and can spread from patient to patient. Most of the current detection methods are associated with limitations associated with the need for trained personnel; they are also time-consuming. Thus, it is necessary to develop rapid and accurate detection methods to control the spread of E. faecalis. In this study, we developed a rapid and accurate detection method for E. faecalis using recombinase polymerase amplification (RPA) combined with a lateral flow strip (LFS). This method could be completed in approximately 35 min at 37°C. The limit of detection was 10 CFU/µL, irrespective of whether the templates were pure or complex. This method also showed good specificity and compatibility. In total, 278 clinical samples were tested using the RPA-LFS method; the detection accuracy was equal to that of the conventional qPCR method. This visualized isothermal amplification method could be useful for the future on-site detection of E. faecalis.

The high-speed electrical machine as a critical power conversion unit in the micro gas turbine generation system needs to integrate the functions of starter and generator, which makes the control system of the machine more complex. In order to simplify the control system and improve the starting speed of the generation system with the help of the intrinsic starting ability of the machine, a high-speed starter–generator with multilayer composite solid rotor is proposed. The machine with the proposed solid rotor can realize self-start when it works in starting mode. Taking a 40 kW 20,000r/min high-speed permanent magnet machine as an example, the finite element model of the machine is established. The influence of driving voltage on the machine starting performance is analyzed and the start-up time, locked rotor parameters of the machine under different driving voltages are further studied. Furthermore, in order to reveal the influence mechanism of driving voltage on the machine starting performance, the starting torque is decoupled and the influence of driving voltage on the decoupled torques is studied. Finally, the machine prototype is tested, and the correctness of the finite element model is verified by comparing the experimental data with the finite element calculation data.