Search

Additional file 18. Review history.

Additional file 5: Table S1. The sequences of the primers. Table S2. The association of HNRNPA2B1 expression with clinicopathological characteristics of LAC patients. Table S3. Cox regression analysis of HNRNPA2B1 expression as survival predictor. Table S4. The correlation of MEG3 expression with clinicopathologic characteristics of LAC patients. Table S5. The association of miR-21-5p expression with clinicopathological characteristics of LAC patients. Table S6. Cox regression analysis of miR-21-5p expression as survival predictor.

Additional file 2: Supplementary figures. Fig. S1. Additional QC data for BZR1-YFP and HASCh-seq. Fig. S2. Multiple sequence alignment of BZR1 DNA-binding domain. Fig. S3. IP-Input allelic bias control for HASCh-seq. Fig. S4. ASBs of ZmBZR1 overrepresentation at enhancer sites. Fig. S5. Differential NBL resistance of B73 and Mo17 in response to BR inhibitor PPZ treatment. Fig. S6. ASBs overlapping with complex differences in ZmBZR1 binding pattern. Fig. S7. ASBs and bgSNPs share similar minor allele frequency.

A GaInAsP/GaAs/GaAsP Al-free laser with asymmetric potential barriers is designed theoretically to prevent carrier leakage. The band alignment demonstrates that a high height of the potential barrier decreases the leakage current. The internal quantum efficiency increases by increasing the injection efficiency, which is attributed to the decreasing electron potential barrier heights. Moreover, the threshold current and operating voltage decrease by adopting a novel barrier so that the output power and power conversion efficiency (PCE) increase. When the injection current is 5 kA/cm

To improve pattern representation capabilities and robustness in traditional finger-vein recognition algorithms. In this paper, we propose FFV-MBC, a novel fused finger-vein recognition method based on monogenic binary coding (MBC). First of all, the amplitude, orientation, and phase information of the finger-vein images are filtered by a multi-scale monogenic log-Gabor filter and encoded by the binary coding theory. Three local features, MBC-A, MBC-P, and MBC-O, are achieved from different combinations of local image intensity and variation coding. After obtaining the features, we utilize the block-based Fisher Linear Discriminant method to reduce the dimension. Finally, the similarity components are calculated by the cosine distance and fused for the final finger-vein recognition results. We evaluate our proposed method on two publicly available datasets and one self-built dataset, i.e., Malaysian Polytechnic University (FV-USM), the Group of Machine Learning and Applications of Shandong University (SDUMLA-HMT), and our team, Signal and Information Processing Laboratory (FV-SIPL). On average, the proposed method achieved high recognition accuracy, i.e., 99.30%, and 1.10% equal error rates (EER). Overall, the proposed method performs better than most classical and state-of-the-art finger-vein recognition methods. &nbsp

Let $\mu_{M,D}$ be the planar self-affine measure generated by an expansive integer matrix $M\in M_2(\mathbb{Z})$ and a non-collinear integer digit set $D=\left\{\begin{pmatrix} 0\\0\end{pmatrix},\begin{pmatrix} \alpha_{1}\\ \alpha_{2} \end{pmatrix}, \begin{pmatrix} \beta_{1}\\ \beta_{2} \end{pmatrix}, \begin{pmatrix} -\alpha_{1}-\beta_{1}\\ -\alpha_{2}-\beta_{2} \end{pmatrix}\right\}$. In this paper, we show that $\mu_{M,D}$ is a spectral measure if and only if there exists a matrix $Q\in M_2(\mathbb{R})$ such that $(\tilde{M},\tilde{D})$ is admissible, where $\tilde{M}=QMQ^{-1}$ and $\tilde{D}=QD$. In particular, when $\alpha_1\beta_2-\alpha_2\beta_1\notin 2\Bbb Z$, $\mu_{M,D}$ is a spectral measure if and only if $M\in M_2(2\mathbb{Z})$.

A GaInAsP/GaAs/GaAsP Al-free laser with asymmetric potential barriers is designed theoretically to prevent carrier leakage. The band alignment demonstrates that a high height of the potential barrier decreases the leakage current. The internal quantum efficiency increases by increasing the injection efficiency, which is attributed to the decreasing electron potential barrier heights. Moreover, the threshold current and operating voltage decrease by adopting a novel barrier so that the output power and power conversion efficiency (PCE) increase. When the injection current is 5 kA/cm2, the PCE is 77.82% and the output power is 13.21 W. The physical mechanism of potential barrier heights affecting carrier transport is investigated, which will provide a theoretical basis for optimizing laser diodes.

Rice height, an important index of rice growth monitoring, is a comprehensive reflection of rice itself, soil, hydrology and meteorology. So accurate, efficient, and large-scale inversion of rice crop height can provide reliable basis for rice identification, phenological monitoring, pest and yield estimation. Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR), because of its all-weather day-night imaging capability, has been proven to be one of the important means for inversion of rice height. Based on polarimetric SARinterferometry (PolInSAR), the inversion algorithm of scattering model has the characteristics of support of rigorous physical model and high inversion accuracy, which has become a hot spot of inversion of vegetation height. In this paper, based on PolInSAR technology, a new method based on Random Volume over Ground (RVoG) model for rice height inversion was proposed. The inversion experiment of rice height was carried out using the TanDEM-X PolInSAR data of 9 time phases in the rice growing season of 2015. First of all, 8 complex coherence coefficients were obtained based on PolInSAR data in each phase. and these were used for a product of decorrelation under the consideration of satellite dual-station mode. Then, the RVoG model was established for the characteristics of paddy fields. Moreover, using this model, an iterative algorithm of rice height inversion was constructed. Finally, the rice height inversion and precision evaluation using TanDEM-X data of 9 time phases were carried out. The results showedthat when rice height was higher than 0.4 m, a coefficient of determination (R2) of was 0.86 and RMSE was 6.69 cm. When rice height was low (rice height was less than 40 cm), inversion resultswith inversion error of 0.1～0.8 m were significantly overestimated. Through analysis, on the premise that TanDEM X data reflect volume scattering of rice plants well, the inversion algorithm of rice height based on RVOG model can invert the rice height between 0.33～1.2 m with high precision.

In order to eliminate the tooth surface errors and ensure precision of spiral bevel and hypoid gears generated by the duplex helical method, two new methodologies for the format gears and the generated gear or the pinion manufactured by the duplex helical method are proposed. Firstly, the cutting characteristics of this method is analyzed, both mathematical models for the format gear and the generated gear or the pinion generated by the duplex helical are established, one includes 8 machine settings, the other one includes up to 40 universal motion coefficients. Furthermore, the tooth surface errors of the grid points are represented by up to 6th order polynomials, then Constraint Least Square Method for determining the appropriate changes of the corrective machine settings is proposed to minimize the tooth flank form errors. Finally, new tooth flank form error correction software for spiral bevel and hypoid gears has been developed and a hypoid gear set generated by the duplex helical method is used as an example to validate the effectiveness of the software. The results reveal that the flexibility and efficiency of the tooth flank form error correction for both format gear and pinion generated by duplex helical method are greatly improved. In addition, the new approach can also be applied to the tooth flank form error correction of bevel and hypoid gears generated by other process methods.

DWF4 was significantly enriched in both IP biological repeat samples compared with PP2A, but no significant different of amount between DWF4 and PP2A in negative ChIP experiment. (PPTX 67 kb)

Expression patterns of GmBZLs in different tissues and under abiotic stress conditions. (A) Expression profiles of GmBZL genes in 9 tissues. The relative expression data of 9 tissues determined by RNA-seq were obtained from Libault et al.. 2010 and used to construct the expression patterns of soybean genes. Color in the heatmaps represents RPKM values of the GmBZL genes. (B-C) Transcription levels of GmBZL genes in response to abiotic stress. The soybean V1 stage seedlings were treated with 200 mM NaCl or 100 μM ABA for 8 h. For cold treatment, seedlings were kept at 4 °C with light. For dehydration treatment, seedlings were transferred onto filter paper and dried at room temperature with 60% humidity. Relative gene expression levels are shown following normalization with actin transcript values. Error bars represent the standard error of the mean. The star (*) indicates statistically significant differences among the means (p

Overrepresented GO categories in GmBZL3 targets. Functional classification of GmBZL3 targets indicated that seven sets of GO (molecular function) terms were significantly enriched (p values

Photovoltaic power generation is affected by weather and geographical environment, showing fluctuations and random multi-interference, and its output power is easy to change with changes in external factors. Therefore, the prediction of output power is crucial to optimize the grid-connected operation of photovoltaic power generation and reduce the impact of uncertainty. This paper proposes a hybrid model of both convolutional neural network (CNN) and long short-term memory neural network (LSTM) based on genetic algorithm (GA) optimization (GA-CNN-LSTM). First, the CNN module is used to extract the spatial features of the data, and then the LSTM module is used to extract the temporal features and nearby hidden states. Optimizing the hyperparameter weights and bias values of the LSTM training network through GA. At the initial stage, the historical data is normalized, and all features were analyzed by grey relational degree. Important features are extracted to reduce the computational complexity of the data. Then, the GA-optimized CNN-LSTM hybrid neural network model (GA-CNN-LSTM) is applied for photovoltaic power prediction experiment. The GA-CNN-LSTM model was compared with the single neural network models such as CNN and LSTM, and the CNN-LSTM hybrid neural network model without GA optimization. Under the Mean Absolute Percentage Error index, the GA-CNN-LSTM algorithm proposed in this paper reduces the error by 1.537% compared with the ordinary single neural network model, and 0.873% compared with the unoptimized CNN-LSTM hybrid neural network algorithm model. From the perspective of training and test running time, the GA-CNN-LSTM model takes a little longer than the single neural network model, but the disadvantage is not obvious. To sum up, the performance of GA-CNN-LSTM model for photovoltaic power predicting is better.

In the collaborative filtering algorithm, the user similarity and the selection of the nearest neighbor are the two most important links in the whole algorithm. The traditional collaborative filtering algorithm only relies on user ratings to calculate the similarity between users and then find each user’s K neighbors, and finally according to the K neighbor set recommended. However, in the face of large data processing, the traditional collaborative filtering algorithm is sparsely populated, resulting in the recommendation which is not obvious. A collaborative filtering algorithm for hybrid similarity is proposed for this problem. The algorithm is mainly from the user similarity degree of similarity, user attribute similarity and similarity of user purchase records, and many experiments to adjust the weight between them, the use of dynamic selection of the collection method to find the user’s nearest neighbor, so as to users Recommend more suitable items, improve the recommended quality of the algorithm. The experimental results show that the method proposed in this paper has lower MAE value than the traditional co-filtering algorithm, and the recommended quality is improved.

The out-of-plane motion is one of the most important factors that affect the precision of two-dimensional digital image correlation (2D-DIC). In this paper, a novel solution is presented to improve conventional 2D-DIC by eliminating the effect of out-of-plane motion, including translation and rotation. Firstly, an experimental technique using two projected laser strips is proposed to measure the out-of-plane motion of a planar specimen. A theoretical model is then established to predict the pseudostrains caused by out-of-plane motion based on the pin-hole imaging model. Using the measured out-of-plane displacement, the captured deformed images used in 2D-DIC are amended to eliminate the effect of out-of-plane motion by the theoretical model. Finally, two experiments were conducted to validate the effectiveness of the proposed method. Results indicate that application of the proposed method can effectively eliminate the errors caused by out-of-plane motion.

According to the essential characters of the image topology, a new hand vein recognition algorithm based on the connection lines of reference point and feature points is proposed. In this method, the intersection points and the endpoints of the vein image are used as feature points. After the intersection points and the endpoints selected as feature points, the reference point for image matching are extracted from these points. The relative distances between the reference point and the feature points and the angles between the adjacent connections of the reference point and feature points are calculated and used as recognition features. Finally these two features are combined for hand vein recognition. This method can effectively overcome the influence on the recognition results caused by image translation and rotation. Experimental results show that the proposed algorithm is able to achieve hand vein recognition reliably and quickly.

Vertical cavity surface emitting lasers (VCSELs) are widely used in the field of short-range optical communication and optical interconnection because of their advantages such as low threshold current, large modulation bandwidth, easy two-dimensional integration, easy coupling with optical fibers and low cost. The VCSELs and heterojunction bipolar transistor (HBT) are longitudinal current devices, so they can be well integrated on the same wafer, and the output light power can be modulated by the HBT base current. Integration of VCSELs and HBT are designed in this paper. The VCSELs and PNP InGaP/GaAs HBT form a direct series structure. The reflectivity of DBR is 99.72% at a resonant wavelength of 850 nm and 99.57% after adding HBT separately. Therefore, the addition of HBT has little influence on the reflectivity of DBR at the resonant wavelength. The electro-optical characteristics of the integrated structure are simulated by using PICS3D software. An interim collector is added into the model in order to ensure that the simulation can be carried out smoothly. Firstly, HBT is conducted and the current flows from the emitter to the interim collector. Then, the voltage across the interim collector and the N-type electrode is increased to make VCSELs conducted and the current of the transition collector drop to zero. The interim collector can be removed from the actual structure because the current is zero. The simulation results show that the current gain coefficient is 400, and the maximum modulation rate of the base current to the output light power rises up to 280 mW/mA. The maximum temperature in the active region increases with the base current increasing, and the output light power first increases and then tends to be saturated. The ac optical gain characteristics of the integrated structure is simulated by PICS3D, and the simulation result shows that cutoff frequency exceeds 1 GHz. The addition of HBT limits the modulation rate of the integrated structure, and further optimization of HBT structure parameters and geometric dimension are needed to improve the modulation rate. The integrated structure and simulation method established in this paper can also be used to integrate LED, LD, DFB or other luminescent devices with HBT.

A high slope efficiency vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser (VCSEL) is described. The InGaAs/GaAsP strain compensated multiple quantum wells (MQWs) are designed by PICS3D. The wavelength redshift occurs due to the thermal effect, the lasing wavelength of MQWs is designed to be around 928 nm. The active region consists of five compressively strained 4.4 nm thick In0.16Ga0.84As quantum wells separated and surrounded by 6.2 nm thick GaAs0.88P0.12 tensile strained compensation layers to obtain the high quantum efficiency and ensure the stress release. Subsequently, the MQWs are grown by metal-organic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD) and the photoluminescence (PL) spectrum is measured using an Nd:YAG laser (532 nm excitation), of which the peak wavelength is approximately 928 nm and the full width at half maximum is nearly 17.1 nm. The resonant cavity is surrounded by p- and n-DBRs. The n-DBRs are designed to be a 28-period AlAs/Al0.12Ga0.88As and 3.5-period Al0.90Ga0.10As/Al0.12Ga0.88As, and the p-DBR is designed to be a 23-period Al0.90Ga0.10As/Al0.12Ga0.88As. The thickness of each a material is \begin{document}$\lambda/4n$\end{document} (\begin{document}$\lambda$\end{document} = 940 nm, n represents refractive index), and 20 nm graded layer is inserted in the interface between two types of materials. The p-/n-DBRs’ experiment PL reflection spectra (using a white illuminant) are carried out, the central wavelength is around 938.7 nm, and the reflectivity values of p-/n-DBRs are nearly 99.0% and 99.7%, respectively. The VCSELs are grown by MOCVD technique, and treated by dry etching, wet oxidation, metal electrode technology and other processes. In the process of dry etching, the top mesa is treated by inductively coupled plasma with BCl3 and Cl2 chemistry. In order to expose the oxide layer the wet oxidized process is carried out, and the etching depth is nearly 3500 nm. An oxidation furnace is heated for 15 min prior to oxidation. Then the oxide aperture is shaped by the wet nitrogen oxidation furnace at 425 °C with an N2 flow of 200 sccm, and the oxide rate is approximately 0.40 \begin{document}${\text{μm}}$\end{document}/min for A0.98Ga0.02As. The diameter of oxide aperture is made into an 8 \begin{document}${\text{μm}}$\end{document} diameter. In the process of metal electrode technology, AuGeNi alloy is sputtered on the top surface to form p-type ohmic contact, and Ti/Pt/Au is evaporated on the back surface of substrate to form an n-type ohmic contact. Rapid thermal annealing at 350 °C in a nitrogen atmosphere is carried out subsequently to obtain a good-quality ohmic contact. Finally, we test the VCSELs’ L-I-V characteristics and spectra in different areas. In area 1, room-temperature lasing at around 940 nm is achieved with a threshold current of 0.95 mA, a slope efficiency of 0.96 W/A, and an output power of 4.75 mW. In area 2, threshold current is 1 mA, a slope efficiency is 0.81 W/A at 25 °C and threshold current is 1.9 mA, slope efficiency is 0.57 W/A at 25 °C. The output power values reach up to 3.850 mW and 2.323 mW at 25 °C and 80 °C, respectively.

Chinese horseshoe crab (Tachypleus tridentatus) is a Xiphosura animal of significant commercial importance and in danger of extinction in China. To better estimate how genetic structure can be used to obtain a conservation perspective of the species, genetic variation was examined in nine locations covering its distributing range in the coast of Chinese mainland using ten nuclear microsatellite DNA loci and mitochondrial DNA control region (CR) sequences. Moderate levels of genetic diversity were detected (expected heterozygosity from microsatellites was 0.635, haplotype diversity from mitochondrial DNA was 0.800) as a whole. Significant genetic differentiation was detected only by mitochondrial DNA (FST = 0.0693, P < 0.01), while microsatellite markers indicated nuclear genetic homogeneity of these locations. Probably, nuclear genetic homogeneity was caused by outbreeding among different groups due to artificial transporting. Very weak genetic differentiation indicates that reintroduction programs of the movement and mixing of horseshoe crab from different locations will result in minimal negative genetic effects. Upon four management units were inferred from the results of CR analysis, accordingly four or more nature reserves should be established to conserve this endangered animal along the Chinese coast. Haplotype network pattern indicated that T. tridentatus population in Chinese coast has undergone historic population expansion and very recent historic population recession. Mismatch distributions analysis also revealed existence of historic demographic expansion.Keywords: Tachypleus tridentatus, microsatellites, mitochondrial DNA, population structure, genetic diversityAfrican Journal of Biotechnology Vol. 12(16), pp. 2088-2099

Aims Ejin Desert Oasis is a typical arid oasis in the Hexi corridor of northwestern and northern China. Water resources in the area have changed since 2000. Our objective was to classify the plant community types and de- termine the relationship between vegetation and environmental factors in order to evaluate the influence of water regulation on vegetation in this region. Methods We obtained data on 29 plant species from 151 study plots of natural vegetation of the Ejin Desert Oa- sis and classified the plant communities by two-way indicators species analysis (TWINSPAN) and correlated them with six groundwater environmental variables using detrended correspondence analysis (DCA) and detrended ca- nonical correspondence analysis (DCCA) ordinations. Important findings Six plant associations were identified. The main factor correlated to their distribution was groundwater depth, which had more influence on the distribution of plant species and vegetation than other vari- ables because change of groundwater depth leads to changes in both salinity and mineralization. The first ordina- tion axis was correlated with the gradient of groundwater depth, and the second axis was correlated with pH. Compared with other areas, the scarcity of plant species and the differentiation of plant communities were

Thirteen microsatellite markers were used to analyze the genetic structure and genetic diversity of the breeding populations "Guanjingyang Youkuai 01"from F1 to F4.The results showed that the genetic diversity of the breeding population was decreasing,the average polymorphism information content(PIC) of the 13 microsatellite markers decreased from 0.638 to 0.524,the average allele number from 5.462 to 4.308,the average heterozygosity from 0.779 to 0.532,and the average Shannon's gene diversity index from 1.356 to 1.092,respectively.The genetic identity between F1 and its descendant generations(F2,F3,F4) decreased(from 0.719 4 to 0.5813) while the genetic distance increased.The genetic identity between the adjacent generations increased and the FST values decreased(0.061 9 in F1-F2;0.051 1 in F2-F3;0.047 5 in F3-F4).The allele frequency of the loci LYC0002 and LYC0054 changed regularly in the four breeding generations and they might correlate with the selected traits,which should be proved by further research.Our study suggested that the selective breeding work was efficient,some adverse genes were phased out,the hereditary basis of the population was getting pure and the genetic structure would be stable with the continuation of the breeding work.

Using transfer matrix method and TFcalc thin film design software,the reflectance spectrum of distributed Bragg reflector (DBR) and vertical cavity surface emitting laser (VCSEL) are simulated.The reflectance spectra from the cavity and surface are compared with each other,thus providing the basis for white light source (WLS) optical reflectance spectrum of the VCSEL epitaxial wafer.When using WLS to characterize VCSEL wafer,it is necessary to combine the simulation results and the shape of optical reflectance spectrum to speculate the reflectance seen from the cavity.The influences of different cap layers on the reflectance of DBRs are discussed theoretically and experimentally.With a 1/4 GaAs cap layer,the reflectance reaches up to 97.8% seen from the cavity.This design can make the wavelength of the VCSEL etalon picked easily because of avoiding the influence of test noise. The active region has higher heat accumulation due to the small area and poor thermal conductivity.The characteristics of the gain spectrum of InGaAs/AlGaAs strained quantum well (QW) under different temperatures and the temperature distribution in VCSEL are simulated by Crosslight software.The gain-to-cavity wavelength detuning is used to improve the slope efficiency and the temperature stability.The temperature in active region ranges from 360 K to 370 K.The gain peak wavelength and the Fabry-Perot cavity wavelength are designed in the ranges of 829-832 nm and 845-847 nm,respectively.Epitaxial wafer with top-emitting VCSEL structure grown by metal-organic chemical vapor deposition is characterized.The room temperature photoluminescence peak is at 827.5 nm and the etalon cavity wavelength measured by optical reflectance is 847.7 nm,which are consistent with designed values. The oxide restricted VCSELs with 7.5 m oxide aperture are fabricated.The image of the infrared light source CCD shows that the oxide aperture is circular.A passivation layer of 120 nm SiO2 is finally deposited to insulate water vapor.The threshold current is 0.8 mA,and the maximum output power reaches up to 9 mW at 13.5 mA.The optical spectrum at 6.0 mA reveals multiple transverse modes.The center wavelength is 852.3 nm and the root mean square (RMS) spectrum width is 0.6 nm,meeting the high-speed Datacom standards.Shannon theory indicates that the maximum data rate is not only proportional to bandwidth but also related to signal-to-noise ratio (SNR).It is effective to reduce relative intensity noise and enhance the SNR by increasing output power.From the eye diagram of 25 Gbit/s on-off key VCSEL,it is demonstrated that fall time is 38.66 ps,rise time is 41.54 ps,SNR is 5.6,and jitter RMS is 1.57 ps.Clear eye opening is observed from eye diagram of 25 GBaud/s PAM-4 VCSEL,which indicates the qualified 50 Gbit/s high speed performance.

Traditionally, the zitterbewegung (ZB) of the Dirac electron has just been studied at the level of quantum mechanics. Seeing the fact that an old interest in ZB has recently been rekindled by the investigations on spintronic, graphene, and superconducting systems, etc., this paper presents a quantum-field-theory investigation on ZB and obtains the conclusion that, the ZB of an electron arises from the influence of virtual electron-positron pairs (or vacuum fluctuations) on the electron.

No natural gas pool of industrial importance could be formed at the low-evolution stage of organic matter. In the 1980s, on the basis of the development in exploration practice, the hypotheses of bio-thermo-catalytic transitional zone gases and early thermogenic gases were proposed. The lower-limit Ro values for the formation and accumulation of natural gases of industrial importance have been expanded to 0.3%–0.4%. In the light of the two-stage model established on the basis of carbon isotope fractionation in coal-type natural gases, the upper-limit Ro values have been set at 0.8%–1.0%. In terms of the geological practice in the low-mature gas zones and China’s main coal-type gas fields, it is feasible and proper to set the upper-limit Ro value of low-mature gases at 0.8%. Supper-large gas fields such as the Urengoy gas field in western Siberian Basin should belong to low-mature gas fields, of which the natural gas reserves account for more than 20% of the global proven reserves, providing strong evidence for the significance of such a type of resources. The proven natural gas reserves in the Turpan-Hami Basin of China have almost reached 1000 ×108 m3. The main source rocks in this area are the Jurassic Xishanyao Formation, which occurs as a suite of coal series strata. The corresponding thermal evolution indices (Ro) are mainly within the range of about 0.4%–0.8%, the δ13C1 values of methane vary between −44‰ and −39‰ (correspondingly Ro =0.6%–0.8%), and those of ethane are within the range of −29‰–−26‰, indicating that natural gases in the Turpan-Hami Basin should be designated to coal-type low-mature gases. The light hydrocarbon evolution indices of natural gases also fall within the area of low evolution while the precursor type of light hydrocarbons also shows the characteristics of the coal-type. The geological background, carbon isotopic composition and light hydrocarbon index all provide strong evidence suggesting that the proven natural gases in the Turpan-Hami Basin are low-mature gases. In China a gas field with the gas reserves reaching 300 ×108 m3 can be defined as a large gas field, and thus the proven low-mature gases in the Turpan-Hami Basin are equivalent to the reserves of three large gas fields. Its existence is of great significance in research on and exploration of low-mature gases in China.

We present a theoretical scheme for perfect teleportation of an unknown multipartite two-level state by a single EPR (Einstein–Podolsky–Rosen) pair, and then generalize it to multilevel, i.e., an N-quNit state can be teleported by a single quNit entangled pair, with additional local unitary operations. The feature of the scheme is that teleporting a multipartite state with a reduced amount of entanglement costs less classical bits.

Dense coding of multi-atom entangled states in cavity QED is studied. If the quantum channel is generalized GHZ states, dense coding can be directly realized in a simply way. As for the partially entangled pure states, we propose a feasible protocol for entanglement concentration, and the efficiency of information transmitted is calculated. The schemes are insensitive to the cavity decay and the field state, due to the fact that the interaction here is a large-detuned one between atoms and the cavity.

To study the applied value of double joystick technique in reduction-internal fixation for femoral shaft fracture in adults.Thirty-four patients (24 males and 10 females) with femoral shaft fractures were treated with reduction assisted by double joystick technique and internal fixation with interlocking intramedullary nail from September 2010 to June 2013. The average age of the patients was 41 years old, ranged from 17 to 65 years old. The duration of the disease course ranged from 3 to 7 days, with a mean of 5 days. The fractures belonged to AO types 32A (5 cases), 32B (20 cases) and 32C (9 cases) and located in left femur for 18 patients and right femur for 16 patients. The patients were followed up, and fracture healing and complications were observed. The curative effect were evaluated according to Thorsen femur fracture evaluation standard.The operative time ranged from 40 to 110 min (mean 75 min) and intraoperative blood loss ranged from 200 to 300 ml (mean 250 ml). All the patients obtained a good fracture reduction and were followed up for 12 to 24 months (mean 18 months) after the surgery. All the fractures united between 4 and 8 months with a mean of 5 months. No complications such as breakage of nail, infection, osteofascial compartment syndrome, refracture and fracture malunion were found. According to Thorsen femur fracture evaluation standard, 30 patients obtained an excellent result, 3 good and 1 fair.In surgery of reduction-internal fixation for femoral shaft fracture in adults, the use of double joystick technique obtains good reduction result, short operative time, less injury, high healing rate of bone fractures, less complications and good limbs function, so it is worthy of popularizing in clinic.

Because spatio-temporal tensors are associated with the Lorentz group, whereas spinors are associated with its covering group SL(2, C), one can associate with every tensor a spinor (but not vice versa). In particular, the (1,0)+(0,1) representation of SL(2, C) can provide a six-component spinor equivalent to the electromagnetic field tensor. The chief aim of this work is to develop the (1,0)+(0,1) description for the electromagnetic field in the absence of sources, rigorously and systematically, which should be useful if we are to deal with those issues involving with single-photon states and the angular momentum of light, etc. Based on our formalism, the quantum theory and some symmetries of the photon field can be discussed in a new manner, and the spin-orbit interaction of photons can be described in a form that is closely analogous to that of the Dirac electron. Moreover, in terms of the (1,0)+(0,1) description, one can treat the photon field in curved spacetime via spin connection and the tetrad formalism, which is of great advantage to study the gravitational spin-orbit coupling of photons., Comment: 60 pages, no figure. It will provide a comprehensive reference for some of our future works

In this paper, we present a new experimental progress in brief on the recent observation of the charged charmonium-like state Z_c(4020)^{+/-} states and its iso-spin partner Z_c(4020)^{0} in pi pi hc process at the BESIII experiment. The charged Z_{c}(4020) is its decay into \pi^{+/-} hc final state, and carries electric charge, thus it contains at least four quarks. The observation of both charge and neutral state makes Z_{c}(4020) the first iso-spin triplet Z_{c} state observed in experiment., Comment: 5 pages, 7 figures

In order to determine the main types of pollution origins of the heavy metals of sediments of Lake Dong-hu, Wuhan, based on principle of principal components and the rule of picked-up information which is over 84% of original ones, we have analyzed twelve elements of thirty representative samples of 0 - 7 cm sediments of Lake Guozheng and Lake Tanglin, which are the main sub lake of Lake Donghu, Wuhan city. The results indicate that for Guozheng Lake sediments, the first pollution origin (56% ) is industry coal dust around the lake, the second origins (16% ) are tail gas, domestic sewage and rain flow, and the third parts(12% ) are industry sewage with e-lectroplate and press etc. For Lake Tanglin, the first pollution origin (65% ) is atmosphere dust which is from industry coal combustion, the second origins (17% ) are sewage with household, hospital and soil etc, and the third parts(9% ) are disused battery, newspapers and farming materials etc. Employing the comprehensive pollution indexes of heavy metals, which were calculated by root mean square on the background values, to evaluate the pollution degree of sediments of main sublakes of Lake Donghu, it is found that both of them belong to light contamination and the pollution degree of Lake Guozheng is higher than that of Lake Tanglin.

A three-rod series resonator cw Nd:YAG laser suitable for the industrial applications is presented. The symmetrical resonator laser has been developed and is rated at 1820-W output power with beam parameter product 24 mm.mrad. By utilizing the symmetrical resonator design, the characteristic of beam with multi-rod is not obviously decreased compared with that of a single one. The system total electro-optics efficiency of lamp pumped YAG crystal is as high as 4.0%. The main factors, which affect output power and beam quality of high power solid-state laser module, are theoretically analysed.

To date, questions remain as to how to differentiate between coaland interbedded shale-sourced oils in coal measures. Based on the hypothesis that δ13C value of sedimentary organic matter is controlled by the depositional environment and productivities of biota grown in such depositional setting, this note examines compound specific carbon isotopic profiles from coal and interbedded shale extracts using the gas chromatography-isotope ratio mass spectrometry technique (GC/IRMS). The results show that compound specific carbon isotope values from coal extracts are enriched in13C relative to that of interbedded shale extracts, and provide useful information in characterizing coal- and interbedded shale-sourced oils in coal measures. An example for its successful application from the Turpan Basin, Northwestern China is presented.

We investigate a high-energy good-beam-quality krypton-lamp-pumped pulsed Nd:YAG solid-state laser with one pump cavity The symmetrical resonator laser is developed and is rated at 80 J with beam parameter product 12mm mrad. The total system electro-optics efficiency of the lamp-pumped YAG laser is as high as 3.3% and the stability of output energy is ±2% with pulse width tunable between 0.1ms and 10 ms. The experimental results are consistent with the theoretical analysis and simulation.

Low-frequency internal friction (IF) of SrBi2Ta2O9 (SBT) ceramics has been measured at temperatures ranging from 293 to 623 K. Two IF peaks, with their locations around 393 K (P1) and 569 K (P2) (f ≈ 1.58 Hz), respectively, are observed. P1 is found to be associated with a relaxation process with activation energy of 0.97 eV and pre-exponential factor of 3.58 × 10-14 s. Peak shape analyses reveal that P1 can be well described by a broadened Debye peak with the width parameter β from 2.70 to 2.92. The mechanism responsible for P1 is proposed to be relaxation of oxygen vacancies near domain walls (DWs). P2 is considered to arise from viscous motion of DWs since it shows characteristics of static hysteresis type. Comparisons for the IF behavior between SBT and Pb(Zr, Ti)O3(PZT) suggest that in SBT oxygen vacancies are much less localized near DWs than that in PZT. This result provides a possible explanation for the weak DW pinning due to oxygen vacancies in SBT.

At present, solar cells are the main sources for spacecrafts. For a long time the bulk of the space power installations has been the solar arrays based on single junction silicon and gallium arsenide solar cells. In recent years a trend has been the active use of triple-junction GaAs solar cell with higher efficiency instead of single junction solar cells. One of the most important characteristics of solar cells used in spacecrafts is the resistance to radiation damages caused by high energy particles of the near-Earth space. According to the spectral response of triple-junction GaAs solar cell and the damage characteristics of the current under the condition of electron irradiation, the physical mechanism of cell attenuation can be determined: the current degradation originates mainly from the GaInAs subcells. These damages form additional centers of nonradiative recombination, which results in the reduction of the minority charge carrier diffusion lengths and in degradation of the solar cells photocurrent.The radiation damage caused by the electron irradiation will shorten the diffusion length of the base region and affect the collection of photo generated carriers. The ways of improving absorption of long wavelength light in GaInAs subcells with a thin base in using the distributed Bragg reflector can be investigated by the mathematical simulation method based on calculating the light propagation in a multilayer structure by means of the TFCalc software which can design optical structure. To estimate the validity of these methods for solar cells structures with distributed Bragg reflector, the spectral dependences of the photoresponse and the reflection coefficient with different base thickness values are calculated and compared with experimental results. Based on the physical mechanism of the degradation, the thickness of middle subcell base layer is reduced, and an appropriate structure of the distributed Bragg reflector is simulated by the TFCalc software. As a result, the new structure solar cells are that the thickness of the base layer is 1.5 m compared with the different middle subcell thickness values, and the distributed Bragg reflector structure with 15 paris of the Al0.1Ga0.9As/Al0.9Ga0.1As with 850 nm central wavelength is embedded in the middle subcell of the base layer, the distributed Bragg reflector has a highest reflectivity of more than 97% in the actual test, and a bandwidth of 94 nm, which can satisfy design requirement. After irradiating the new structure of solar cells, the decay of its short-circuited current is reduced by 50% compared with that of the original structure, and the remaining efficiency factor is increased by 2.3%.

According to the ship maintenance structure, the ship maintenance cost can be divided into some parts. Taking the proportions of every part in the gross as independent variables and the ship maintenance cost benefit as explained variable, and a model among the whole benefit of ship maintenance cost and the proportions of every item cost is established through the regress analysis method. Then a hybrid search algorithm which is developed from the simulated annealing particle swarm optimization and tabu search is proposed to find the best allocation policy to obtain the max benefit of ship maintenance cost. And the calculated result shows that the proposed hybrid strategy has the best performance compared with the result obtained by tabu search, particle swarm optimization, and simulated annealing, which is proved by the simulations.

When brassinosteroid levels are low, the GSK3-like kinase BIN2 phosphorylates and inactivates the BZR1 transcription factor to inhibit growth in plants. Brassinosteroid promotes growth by inducing dephosphorylation of BZR1, but the phosphatase that dephosphorylates BZR1 has remained unknown. Here, using tandem affinity purification, we identified protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) as a BZR1-interacting protein. Genetic analyses demonstrated a positive role for PP2A in brassinosteroid signalling and BZR1 dephosphorylation. Members of the B' regulatory subunits of PP2A directly interact with BZR1's putative PEST domain containing the site of the bzr1-1D mutation. Interaction with and dephosphorylation by PP2A are enhanced by the bzr1-1D mutation, reduced by two intragenic bzr1-1D suppressor mutations, and abolished by deletion of the PEST domain. This study reveals a crucial function for PP2A in dephosphorylating and activating BZR1 and completes the set of core components of the brassinosteroid-signalling cascade from cell surface receptor kinase to gene regulation in the nucleus.

Now that the Bekenstein-Hawking entropy has been found within the traditional theory, its physical interpretation should hide in quantum field theory in curved spacetime (only its quantum corrections require a detailed knowledge of quantum gravity). However, to interpret the statistical origin of the Bekenstein-Hawking entropy, there have developed many microscopic pictures, some of them are based on the theories that themselves remain to be experimentally verified, while some cite the Hawking temperature formula and actually argue in circle (and then they have not provided more information than the seminal work of Bekenstein and Hawking). Within quantum field theory in curved spacetime (without introducing any new hypothesis), it is inevitable for us to attribute the Bekenstein-Hawking entropy to entanglement entropy. In the first part we just provide a heuristic argument, a rigorous theoretical model will be presented in our next work., Comment: 21 pages, no figure. The first part

Wind power technology is becoming more and more mature, and taking an important position in the area of new energy development, it has an important value of development and utilization. In this paper, Remote monitoring system in Wind power farm is designed aim at the following problems: the production information of wind power farm can not be managed centralized, poor data consistency, data can not be shared, and so on. This system has been implemented and applied in HECIC Energy Co., Ltd. in Hebei Province.

Aimed at the relatively large error of traditional models of rolling load, a new Rolling Load Prediction of Finishing Stands method is set up by Fuzzy Identification. It is based on T-S fuzzy model using triangle-shaped membership functions to calculate the grade of membership for each given pattern, and using Kalman filtering to identify the consequent parameters of fuzzy model. So the prediction precision of rolling load is improved. On the basis of the measured data of the 1580 mm hot strip mill, the relation between the main hot strip mill parameters and rolling load is established using fuzzy model. Experimental results show that the prediction precision is higher, its relative error can be controlled within ±4%.

The relation between morphometric grades (M grading) of 84 cases of bladder tumor and prognoses was evaluated. The results shown that the higher the M grading, the lower the survival rate and the higher the recurrence rate. As the M grade increases, the tumor has partial of total absence of ABO(H) antigens of tumor cell surface and could be accompanied with muscular invasion. When recurring, the tumor has a poor prognosis if M grading increases from lower to higher grades. The morphometric grading system is able to make a quantitative pathologic diagnosis and can predict the biological behavior of bladder tumros.

To observe the effect of different needling manipulation in improvement of swallow-period obstacle of dysphagia after stroke.One hundred and eleven cases were randomly divided into a single Lianquan RN 23 shallow needling group (group A ), single Lianquan (RN 23) deep needling group (group A2) and Lianquan (RN 23) and para-Lianquan deep multi-needling group (group B). The therapeutic effect was investigated after continuous treatment for 14 days.The total effective rate was 95. 0% in the group B, 65. 7% in the group A1 and 83. 3% in the group A2, with significant difference or very significant difference when the group B compared with the group A, and the group A, (P0. 01 or P0. 05); the cured and markedly effective rate was 82. 5% in the group B, 20. 0% in the group Al and 52. 8% in the group A2, with a very significant difference as the group B compared with the group A, and A2 (both PO. 01). After treatment for 7 days, there were very significant differences in scores of swallow function as the group B compared with the group A, and A2 (both P0. 01), indicating that the group B was better than the group A1 and AZ in improvement of sensitivity of swallow dysphagia.Deep needling with multi-needles can significantly improve swallow-period obstacle of dysphagia after stroke with higher safety and rapid effect.

In the paper, we show that there exists a close analogy between the behavior of de Broglie matter waves and that of electromagnetic waves inside a hollow waveguide, such that the guided photons can be treated as free massive particles subject to a relativistic quantum-mechanical equation. Inspired by the effective rest mass of guided photons and the zitterbewegung phenomenon of the Dirac electron, at variance with the well-known Higgs mechanism we present some different heuristic ideas on the origin of mass., Comment: 14 pages, no figure

Applying the fact that guided photons inside a waveguide can be treated as massive particles, one can study the superluminality of evanescent modes via showing that a massive particle can propagate over a spacelike interval, which corresponds to quantum tunneling effects. For this purpose, we treat the particle as a quantum reference frame, while attach an inertia observer to a classical reference frame, and then quantize the formulae for the Lorentz transformation between the quantum and classical reference frames, from which we obtain the conclusion that, owing to the Heisenberg's uncertainty relation, the particle can propagate over a spacelike interval., Comment: 15 pages, no figure