Search

Additional file 1. Primers used to detect relative gene mRNA expression levels with quantitative RT-PCR.

Additional file 2. Analysis of differential miRNA in chickens infected with Newcastle disease virus (NDV) or avian influenza virus (AIV). (A) The Vene Map different miRNAs of chicken infection NDV or AIV. (B) The Heat Map differential miRNAs of chicken infection with NDV. (C) The Volcano Map different miRNAs of chicken infection with AIV. The miRNA microarray using the R package “limma”. |logFC|> 2 and a p-value < 0.05 were set as the threshold to screen out the different miRNAs.

Remote sensing technology is important for soil organic matter (SOM) estimation, but existing studies have mainly relied on a single data source. This limitation makes it difficult to simultaneously ensure high spatial resolution, high spectral accuracy and refined temporal granularity simultaneously, which cannot meet the requirements of the spatiotemporal dynamics representation. This study aimed to introduce a new remote sensing image source into SOM modeling and spatiotemporal estimation generated by fusing together Sentinel-2 and Sentinel-3 remote sensing images that have a 5-day revisit cycle; 10 m spatial resolution; and 21 different bands in blue, green, red and NIR spectral ranges. According to the image fusion process, a total of 52 available images were acquired between November 2016 and December 2018 in Donghai County, China. The fused images were used for SOM estimation model associated with 107 field samples. The results indicated that, first, the optimal model consisted of the band reflectivity (B20) and RVI (B18/B9), which were derived from the fused images, and the R2 approached 0.7 in the two phases of the synchronized data. Second, the modeling accuracy was influenced to some extent by the actual SOM content. The R2 values exceeded 0.75 when the SOM content was higher than 24 g/kg, while the R2 was even lower than 0.35 when the SOM content was lower. Third, the averaged SOM contents remained stable in general, while the seasonal variances can also be found during the two-year interval. The SOM contents maintained a low level during autumn and winter, while higher SOM levels were found in the spring and summer. Finally, the spatial variations could be described as ‘low in the west and high in the east’. In summary, the spatiotemporal dynamics of SOM highlighted the necessity of modeling with fused remote sensing images, and more effective modeling could be expected with the continued increase in SOM in future.

The relationship between the head loss and the discharge and circulation of the conduit of a pump system with low head is an important problem with an obvious influence on the improvement of its hydraulic performance. The velocity circulation from the pump guide vane makes the relationship more complicated, which has to be understood comprehensively. The results indicate that, under the condition of zero circulation, the head loss of the inlet and outlet conduits is in proportion to the square of discharge. Under the condition that the Reynolds number is satisfied with the resistant square area, the conduit loss is in proportion to the square of discharge for the similar working points with different speeds in a certain rotational speed range, indicating that the pump system efficiency is constant. The outlet conduit loss of design discharge for a pump system with low head depends on the velocity circulation from the guide vane exit, and the relationship between the loss and the circulation is an open curve with an upward direction, meaning that there is an optimal circulation for the loss. Under the condition of various working points for a pump system with low head, the head loss of the outlet conduit is under the cross influence of both the discharge and the circulation. As a result, the relationship between the head loss and the discharge is almost linear, and the mechanism needs to be further studied.

A strip billet of Cu-9Ni-6Sn alloy was prepared by vacuum melting and twin-roll casting while another billet with the same chemical composition was prepared by vacuum melting and general casting. Component distribution and microstructure of the two kinds of copper alloy from different processing procedures were analysed by metallographic examination and SEM. The results showed that there were massive dendritic crystals with obvious segregation of tin in the sample prepared by general casting. The sample processed by twin-roll casting process had more fine grains with homogenous distributed tin compared to that prepared by general casting. The results demonstrated that the fine grains with homogenous distributed tin were caused by the excellent cooling ability of twin-roll casting. The extremely fast cooling speed retained the homogenous component distribution in molten condition and there was no time for grains to grow up. The experiment indicated twin-roll casting was a feasible process to produce Cu-9Ni-6Sn alloy.