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Multi-hop relay selection is regarded as a key technology to overcome severe path loss and adapt complex environments in millimeter-wave (mmWave) and terahertz communication. Meanwhile, new hardware called reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS) has emerged and is used to boost the spectral and energy efficiency of future wireless communication systems. Then, to solve the challenge that the numerous energy consumption caused by the increasing number of relays in the future industrial internet a promising architecture with a hybrid active–and-passive relay network is proposed in this paper. Then, the optimization joint system delay and energy efficiency based on the simulated annealing (SA) algorithm is considered in this paper. A hierarchical heuristic optimization algorithm with lower complexity is proposed and proved to be feasible under good communication conditions compared with other algorithms. Finally, numerical results demonstrate that the proposed hybrid relay system and joint optimization model can improve the energy efficiency of the network and reduce the system delay. &nbsp

This paper clearly demonstrates the structure of Experimental Advanced Superconducting Tokamak (EAST) power supply system and analyzes principles of the finite-state machine (FSM) elaborately. Depending on the characteristics of EAST power supply system and the requirements of it, this paper chooses the real-time Linux as system platform and experimental physics and industrial control system (EPICS) as development tool to design a control system of the EAST poloidal field power system supply. This paper utilizes a temporal logic control based on the FSM in order to regulate the operation process of real-time sequence logic control of 12 sets of power controllers. This design is evaluated and tested, and it completely meets the real-time requirement of the poloidal field power supply (PFPS) control system. Several experiments have proved that this design definitely meets the real-time sequence logic control requirement of the PFPS control system in the complex situations under magnetic fields.

The poloidal field power supply (PFPS) system plays an important role on the functions and safety of the Experimental Advanced Superconducting Tokamak (EAST). Its reliability assessment is important to ensure the success and efficiency of the physical experiment. When the disturbance during the operation period is considered, the failure rates of the components are not constant. The traditional frequency & duration method and the fault tree analysis are not suitable. In this paper, the state space (SS) model of the PFPS system is built by dividing it into seven subsystems to build their models respectively and then aggregating and combining these models. The piecewise failure rate is proposed by considering the operational and nonoperational conditions and utilized to the thyristors. The semi-Markov process is applied to calculate the reliability. The aggregation algorithm for the series system with the piecewise failure rate is newly derived. Numerical results show that, the reliability indices are all piecewise when the piecewise failure rate is utilized. The calculated reliability indices with the nonoperational failure rates are all higher than those with the operational ones, no matter steady or instantaneous.

Poloidal Field Power Supply (PFPS), which consists of twelve independent power supply subsystems, requires large amount of equipment and distributes over a larger area. In order to monitor on-site plant of PFPS in real-time, a distributed on-site real-time monitoring system has been described in this paper. This distributed on-site real-time monitoring system uses Ethernet fieldbus controllers based on Modbus/UDP so that it could achieve the effect of communicating with the PFPS controllers in real-time and the communication cycle would normally be 4 milliseconds. As a result, the distributed on-site real-time monitoring system could collect the device status of onsite plant, control switches on-off, and ability of warning for realtime emergency. All experiments have proved that the on-site real-time monitoring system works successfully and completely meet the requirement of monitoring the PFPS.

The International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor (ITER) poloidal field (PF) ac/dc converter operates in four quadrants to provide the control of current necessary to PF coils for plasma initialization and the plasma shape control. The technical details for thyristor triggering of high-power ac/dc converter lay the foundation for the regular operation of ITER PF ac/dc converter. With the characteristics such as high power, complex operating modes of ac/dc converter, the synchronization, reliability, and high security have to be critically concerned in the pulse distributor design. In this paper, a pulse distributor is designed to convert the optical signal to high current electrical trigger pulse with less than 1- $\mu \text{s}$ rising time, thereby triggering the paralleled thyristors reliably and isolating 20-kV voltage from the converter unit to controller. Furthermore, the signals of crucial status are online acquired and encoded, then transmitted to controller by optical fiber, thus implementing the online status diagnosis to guarantee the safety operation of ITER PF ac/dc converter. The pulse distributor has been experimented in ITER PF ac/dc converter and all functions have been effectively verified.

This paper presents the architecture and the implementation of the upgraded Experimental Advanced Superconducting Tokamak (EAST) Poloidal Field Power Supply (PFPS) monitoring system. To meet the requirements of EAST long pulse discharge, the monitoring system has been upgraded based on experimental physics and industrial control system (EPICS) and MDSplus. It provides an integrated management of supervision, data acquisition and real-time control. The program is flexible and portable, which improves the system performance. The I/O interrupt mechanism of the device support module is used to read the updated data, which reduces the network communication load. Asynchronous Driver Support (AsynDriver) is used to develop the device's specific interfacing code for the DAQ card driver, simplify writing of drivers and make the program more reliable. The HMI is developed using Control System Studio (CSS). During the experiment, the collect data is stored in the archiving system from PFPS system and sent to the MDSplus data server at the same time, so that the operator can view and analyze the online data and offline data. The upgraded monitoring system provides a general design scheme, which can be well integrated into the control system. The experimental results show the system realizes the remote operation and monitoring of equipment of PFPS and provides a friendly human-machine interface, supports multiuser operation.

China fusion engineering test reactor (CFETR) is now in the conceptual design phase. The main objective of CFETR is demonstration of fusion energy with 50 ~ 200 MW fusion power, fuel cycle of T self-sustained and steady-state operation with duty cycle of 0.3 ~ 0.5. The design of CFETR involves complex system structure, and there are complex constrains between physics and engineering. Between optimization of performance parameters and design of main structure and key components, numerous data exchange and iterative optimization are necessary for optimal design of subsystems. To do the optimization design, the CFETR integration design platform is under development. The main technical schemes for it include: a physical design platform and various engineering design modules are developed, then a global framework integrates them by standard interfaces and communication technologies; and a standard material and design criterion database unifies the reference data for the integration platform. The detailed study will be presented in this paper.

This paper clearly demonstrates the structure of the poloidal field power supply, and the architecture of its monitoring and control system. Depending on the requirements of the power supply system, this paper chooses EPICS as development tool to design a monitoring and control system. This system realizes the remote operation and monitoring of equipment of the poloidal field power supply system, real-time temporal logical control of the power controllers and provides a friendly human-machine interface, supports multi-user operation. The experimental results show that this system runs stably, which meets the requirements of the poloidal field power supply system, and provides a feasibility for the application of EPICS in other subsystems of fusion device.

The power level of full-controllable devices has been improved as the fast-growing technology of high-power semiconductor device, which promotes the upgrade of the poloidal field power supply (PFPS). In this paper, a new PFPS is proposed by using full-controllable devices. It is composed of voltage source converter (VSC) and H-bridge converter. Then combining with the dual closed-loop control strategy, the unified power control strategy is presented. To verify the correctness and reliability of the proposed analysis and strategy, a series of simulations about the dynamic response speed and the stability of the intermediate capacitor voltage are carried out. And the results prove that the unified power control strategy effectively improves the performance of the new PFPS.

This paper describes ITER PF converter system architecture in details. According to its real-time and reliability characteristics, ITER PF converter system uses an industrial Ethernet fieldbus based on EtherCAT protocol with high real-time communication performance to develop its remote monitoring system. This system follows ITER design specification, it realize the real-time monitoring of thousands of analog and digital signals, and can realize remote operation of the switches in the field layer, real-time data and historical data query, event alarm and authority management functions. The system has achieved continuous and stable operation on the test platform of ITER PF converter system, meeting the requirements of high real-time performance and reliability of the remote monitoring system of ITER PF converter system.

The poloidal field converter system of the International Thermonuclear Experimental reactor, which is developed, assembled, and tested by the Institute of Plasma Physics of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, uses the CODAC core system provided by ITER organization to design its control system. This paper completes the design of the circuit control system as well as realizes the transmission, state transition, and real-time control of the operating status of the poloidal field converter system to meet specific requirements for the control cycle of the control system. This paper provides solutions to some key problems, such as the state transition, real-time transmission, and operating state display, and real-time control of the converter circuit control system. The system designed by this paper has been successfully tested in the ITER PF prototype and ITER PF test platform.

This paper introduces the architecture and characteristics of the poloidal field power supply, and describes the architecture of its control system, which is composed of data acquisition management system, operation monitoring system and real-time control system. According to the characteristics of the control system, a data acquisition management system based on Qt, an operation monitoring system based on EPICS and the real-time control system is based on Linux real-time kernel are designed. The control system realizes real-time control of EAST poloidal field power supply system in 1 ms cycle time, and the equipment status detection and monitoring, data acquisition, storage and inspection. Several experiments have proved that the control system definitely meets the requirements of the poloidal field power supply control system in the complex situations under magnetic fields.

Institute of Plasma Physics of Chinese Academy of Science (ASIPP) is responsible for developing, assembling, and testing Poloidal Field (PF) Converter units in the International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor (ITER). Based on CODAC (Control, Data Access and Communication), provided by ITER Organization (IO). This paper completes the design of ITER poloidal field (PF) Converter System’s Master Control System (MCS), makes it possible for six local control units of PF Converter System to transmit information to each other, data archive and alarm, and real-time control, and satisfies the demand to control the system in a control cycle (1 millisecond). This paper provides solutions to some key problems in MCS of PF Converter System, such as high-speed communication, real time control, and stability and reliability. This system also has been successfully tested in ITER PF prototype and ITER PF sequential in series test platform.