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The obligate symbiont Buchnera can synthesize amino acids for aphids. In this study, we found that a facultative symbiont, Arsenophonus , can help improve aphids’ growth performance under amino acid deficiency stress by changing the relative abundance of Buchnera and the expression levels of amino acid synthase genes. This study highlights the interaction between Arsenophonus and Buchnera to ameliorate aphid growth under amino acid stress.

Colony-stimulating factor-1 receptor-microglial encephalopathy is a rare rapidly progressive dementia resulting from colony-stimulating factor-1 receptor (CSF1R) mutations, also named pigmentary orthochromatic leukodystrophy (POLD), hereditary diffuse leukoencephalopathy with spheroids (HDLS), adult-onset leukoencephalopathy with axonal spheroids, and pigmented glia (ALSP) and CSF1R-related leukoencephalopathy. CSF1R is primarily expressed in microglia and mutations normally directly lead to changes in microglial number and function. Many animal models have been constructed to explore pathogenic mechanisms and potential therapeutic strategies, including zebrafish, mice, and rat models which are with CSF1R monogenic mutation, biallelic or tri-allelic deletion, or CSF1R-null. Although there is no cure for patients with CSF1R-microglial encephalopathy, microglial replacement therapy has become a topical research area. This review summarizes CSF1R-related pathogenetic mutation sites and mechanisms, especially the feasibility of the microglia-original immunotherapy.

‘Quality evaluation based on color grading’ is one of the features used in Chinese medicine discrimination. In order to assess the feasibility of electronic eye (E-eye) in implementing ‘quality evaluation based on color grading’, the present study applied an IRIS VA400 E-eye to test 58 batches of Corni Fructus samples. Their optical data were acquired and combined with their corresponding classes. A total of four quality discrimination models were produced according to discrimination analysis (DA), least squares support vector machine (LS-SVM), partial least squares-discrimination analysis (PLS-DA), and principal component analysis-discrimination analysis (PCA-DA). The accuracy rate of the aforementioned 4 cross evaluation models were 86.21%, 89.66%, 81.03% and 91.38%, respectively. Therefore, the PCA-DA method was used to build the final discrimination model for classifying Corni Fructus or discriminating its quality.

SUMMARYThe present study aims to evaluate the antiparasitic activity of active components from Cynanchum paniculatum against Ichthyophthirius multifiliis. The antiparasitic activities of two bioassay-guided fractionationated compounds from C. paniculatum identified as Cynatratoside-A and Cynanversicoside C, by comparing spectral data (NMR and ESI-MS) with literature values, were evaluated by in vitro assay. These showed that both could kill theronts of I. multifiliis at a concentration of 10·0 mg L−1, with the median effective concentration (EC50) values of 4·6 mg L−1 and 5·2 mg L−1 for Cynatratoside-A and Cynanversicoside C, respectively. Encysted tomonts were killed at concentrations of 8·0 mg L−1 with both compounds. In vivo experiments demonstrated that fish treated with both compounds at 15·0 mg L−1 carried significantly fewer parasites than controls (P < 0·05). There were no mortalities among treated fish group compared with 75% mortality of untreated fish. Cynatratoside-A and Cynanversicoside C are therefore potential candidate drugs for use against I. multifiliis.

采用化学气相沉积法, 在涂层Al 2 O 3 的蜂窝状堇青石表面生长纳米碳纤维(CNFs), 通过负载V2O5催化剂, 制成低温蜂窝状脱硝催化剂. 采用SEM、TEM、XRD和XPS等分析方法, 对所制催化剂的物化性质及其脱硝性能进行了分析. 研究结果表明, 当CNFs在堇青石表面的生长厚度为0.74 μm时, 所制CNFs/堇青石载体的压缩强度达34.46 MPa; 在150~250℃范围内, V 2 O 5 /CNFs/蜂窝状堇青石催化剂表现出较高的低温脱除NO活性, 其中当CNFs的生长量为12.5%、V2O5担载量为1%时, 在250℃下NO的转化率达95%左右.

Graphite oxide was synthesized with Hummers method using natural flake graphite as carbon source, and then graphene was prepared through microwave irradiation in N-methyl-2-pyrrolidinone (NMP) solvent. NMP solvent was heated selectively during the microwave irradiation process, meantime, the oxygen containing groups of graphite oxide were decomposed into CO, CO2 and H2O gases, resulting in the exfoliation and reduction of graphite oxide. XRD, SEM, EDS, TEM, HRTEM, SAED, XPS and Raman were performed to characterize the syn- thesized graphene. The results indicate that the synthesized graphene is transparent with several microns in size, which consists of 2-5 graphitic layers with high crystalline structure. The synthesized graphene can disperse ho- mogenously in the NMP solvent.

Effects of heat-treatment temperature on the microstructure and electrochemical properties of coal based nee- dle coke were investigated by TG-DTG, XRD, SEM, XPS analysis and the charge/discharge, cyclic voltammetry curves. The graphitization mechanism of needle coke is suggested as well as the Li + extraction-insertion behaviors. With the heat-treatment temperature increasing, the graphite-like crystal grows continuously attended with a complicated process, including the arrangement of crystal along radial/axial direction, dislocation dispersion among graphite layers, hexagonal carbon formation, crystal edge dispersion and folded graphite layer turning to plane. Meanwhile, the driving-forces are far different for different process. When needle coke is graphitized at 2800℃, it exhibits a lower charge/discharge potential and stable charge/discharge platform, and the insertion capacitance of Li + can maintain at 305mAh/g even after charge/discharged for 40 cycles.

ZnO∶Eu3+ thin films were deposited on quartz substrates by radio frequency(RF) magnetron sputtering.The lattice structure,surface morphology and photoluminescence(PL) properties were analyzed by X-ray diffractometer(XRD),scanning electron microscope(SEM) and spectrometer,respectively.Effects of RF sputtering power and heat treatment on the structure and PL properties were studied in detail.The results showed that all the ZnO films had a hexagonal wurtzite structure and a higher RF sputtering power was beneficial to(002) preferred orientation.The films' grains grew up as the RF sputtering power and heat treatment temperature increased.Moreover,we observed the phenomenon of electron transitions in intra-4f shell of Eu3+ and energy transfer from ZnO host to the doped Eu3+ in these ZnO∶Eu3+ films.Besides,as the RF sputtering power increased and after annealed at 780 ℃,the PL properties of ZnO∶Eu3+ films were obviously improved.

Because of different constraints (such as different kinds of measurable elements, characteristic X-ray energy, changes in matrix composition, etc.), usually it's not easy to get accurate information of elements, resulting in mistakes in later data analysis of energy disperse X-ray fluorescence measurement. The method is based on McCulloch-Pitts neural network (M-P neural network), according to matrix effect, to establish a new neural network model for quantitative forecasting of Zn by taking the data of X-ray fluorescence measurements of Cu, Fe, Pb, etc in lead-zinc mine in western Tianshan as the training sample. The relative error between predicted value and measured value is less than 5%. This method can be more accurate and rapid for X-ray fluorescence; it provides a new approach to correcting information of X-ray fluorescence.

The traditional design method and information management method cannot satisfy the design demand of municipal infrastructure such as heating network. The problem can be improved by the method of the geographic information management (GIS) system for the construction of modern heating network. The heating network management system based on ArcGIS was put forward in the paper. The system structure, database structure, functional define has been established. The geographic information management system could dramatically improve the design efficiency, operation monitoring and dispatching capabilities of heating network.

In order to suppress the multi-access interference (MAI) from other users and improve the performance of the MIMO-OFDM system, we propose a method to optimize the bit error rate (BER) cost function using linear adaptive method for its minimization. Simulation analyses show the proposed MBER achieves good BER performance and maintains the linearity in complexity.

Fluorocarbon-modified silica membranes were deposited on gamma-Al2O3/alpha-Al2O3 supports by the sol-gel technique for hydrogen separation. The hydrophobic property, pore structure, gas transport and separation performance, and hydrothermal stability of the modified membranes were investigated. It is observed that the water contact angle increases from 27.2+/-1.5 degrees for the pure silica membranes to 115.0+/-1.2 degrees for the modified ones with a (trifluoropropyl)triethoxysilane (TFPTES)/tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS) molar ratio of 0.6. The modified membranes preserve a microporous structure with a micropore volume of 0.14 cm3/g and a pore size of approximately 0.5 nm. A single gas permeation of H2 and CO2 through the modified membranes presents small positive apparent thermal activation energies, indicating a dominant microporous membrane transport. At 200 degrees C, a single H2 permeance of 3.1x10(-6) mol m(-2) s(-1) Pa(-1) and a H2/CO2 permselectivity of 15.2 were obtained after proper correction for the support resistance and the contribution from the defects. In the gas mixture measurement, the H2 permeance and the H2/CO2 separation factor almost remain constant at 200 degrees C with a water vapor pressure of 1.2x10(4) Pa for at least 220 h, indicating that the modified membranes are hydrothermally stable, benefiting from the integrity of the microporous structure due to the fluorocarbon modification.

This paper uses stochastic frontier analysis to make empirical study on the influential factors of technical efficiency difference among provinces of China. We find that the technical efficiency of every province gets steady increase from 1992 to 2003, but the difference among provinces is great. The development degree of non state-owned economy, foreign direct investment (FDI), the amount of imports and exports, and the region character all influence the technical efficiency. When the percentage of non state-owned economy in the total economy increases by 1%, the technical efficiency will increase by 0.4636%. When the percentage of FDI to GDP increases by 1%, the technical efficiency will increase by 3.4624%. When the amount of imports and exports increases by 1%, the technical efficiency will increase by 4.6549%. Under the situation of equal other condition, the technical efficiency of the eastern region is higher than that of the middle and western region of China.

Tumour markers producing primary adenocarcinoma of upper urinary tract is extremely rare. We report a case of advanced adenocarcinoma of renal pelvis and ureter with highly elevated serum levels of alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) and carbohydrate antigen 19-9 (CA19-9). This 66-year-old man was diagnosed with left renal pelvic and ureteral tumours with para-aortic lymph node swelling, with no evidence of abnormality in his digestive or reproductive system. He was successfully treated with left nephroureterectomy and lymph node dissection followed by gemcitabine/carboplatin chemotherapy and the serum levels of AFP and CA19-9 decreased to normal. Pathological examination revealed a moderately or poorly differentiated intestinal-type adenocarcinoma with para-aortic lymph node metastasis. The patient was followed up for 11 months after surgery without recurrence.