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Supplemental Document

Supplemental Document

As a single maternally inherited locus, human mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) is geographically arranged and plays a key role in forensic applications. Hlai population has been evidenced as the most typical and unmixed representative of the Tai-Kadai-speaking populations via genome-wide analyses. However, forensic features and maternal diversity of the complete mitogenomes in this Tai-Kadai ancestrally related population are scarce. Thus, we sequenced the complete mitogenomes in 127 Hainan Hlais and found 109 distinct haplotypes belonging to 43 terminal haplogroups resulting in the haplotype diversity of 0.9970. Our results of comprehensive population comparisons showed that Hlai islanders had a close genetic affinity with Tai-Kadai-speaking populations from Southeast Asia, which is consistent with the back-migration of Chinese Neolithic farmers into this region via the inland route. Besides, maternally genetic evidence further revealed a close genetic relationship between Tai-Kadai-speaking and Austronesian-speaking populations when only East Asian dataset was considered, which is consistent with the common origin from Yangtze rice farmers and then spread southward along the inland and coastal routes, respectively. In the reconstructed phylogenetic tree and median-joining networks, the vast majority of Hlais were clustered in exclusive clades, which demonstrated that Hlai people probably had undergone founder effect or genetic bottleneck in their history, and remained genetically isolated for a long time. Collectively, Hainan Hlai did not exhibit detectable maternal gene flow from surrounding or incoming populations. Mitogenome information generated in this study is a contribution in mitigating the underrepresentation of Chinese data in forensic mitogenetics and will assist geography-, metapopulation-, as well as phylogeny-based queries.

object detection framework plays crucial role in autonomous driving. In this paper, we introduce the real-time object detection framework called You Only Look Once (YOLOv1) and the related improvements of YOLOv2. We further explore the capability of YOLOv2 by implementing its pre-trained model to do the object detecting tasks in some specific traffic scenes. The four artificially designed traffic scenes include single-car, single-person, frontperson-rearcar and frontcar-rearperson.

Ptychographic iterative engine (PIE) method can provide high-resolution amplitude and phase distributions in short-wavelength imaging, such as electron beam and X-ray imaging. Traditional PIE relies on the sub field of view (sub-FoV) scanning, and the coincidence between these adjacent sub-FoVs is required in order to ensure the high accuracy in sample information retrieval. However, in the applications of electron beam imaging, attachments or contaminants on the sample surface will be dragged with the probe light during the sub-FoV scanning due to the adsorption of charges, and the inevitable attachment and contaminant shifting will change the probe light, therefore generating inconsistent probe light, and reducing the imaging resolution and accuracy, since the deteriorated probe light destroys the PIE scanning demands. In order to maintain the high resolution and accuracy in the electron beam imaging, the attachment and contaminant shifting during the sub-FoV scanning should be avoided. Here, a shearing interference based PIE using Mollenstedt biprism is proposed in this paper. Mollenstedt biprism is widely used in the electron beam imaging, and by applying the voltage to the wire, the generated electrical field can control the deflection of the electron beam, working similarly to a biprism modulating the wavefront passing through it. In the proposed approach, setting the Mollenstedt biprism after the sample, and changing the voltage on the Mollenstedt biprism, the beam deflection angle proportional to the added voltage can generate a series of interferograms with different fringe densities. Because the traditional sub-FoV scanning is replaced by wide-field scanning by changing the voltage on the Mollenstedt biprism, the proposed method can maintain the stable probe light, avoiding the inevitable attachment and contaminant shifting, and both the amplitude and phase can be retrieved from these interferograms by using a modified PIE algorithm. In order to verify the proposed PIE method, besides the theoretical analysis, numerical calculations are provided. The biprism phase distribution is adopted to simulate the electron beam deflection caused by the Mollenstedt biprism. Additionally, by changing the voltage on the wire, different biprism phase distributions are generated to produce various interferograms. By the modified PIE method, accurate amplitude and phase distribution within error less than 0.2% can be obtained through using less than 50 iterations, indicating a rapid convergence rate. Moreover, the errors in the imaging system, such as phase deviation, position shifting, and rotation are also quantitatively analyzed. Numerical computation proves that the direction of the biprism can be precisely determined according to the frequency distribution of the fringe, and the accurate sample information can still be retrieved even with a deviation of 30% in phase deviation and 30 mu m in position shifting, proving the deviations of the direction and position of the Mollenstedt biprism, as well as the phase distribution can be corrected automatically in the iterative process. Finally, the modified PIE relying on the lensfree configuration can reach the resolution of the diffraction limit in imaging similar to those PIE approaches. The proposed technique can overcome difficulties of current PIE in using electron beam, thus promoting the development and application of PIE in electron microscopy.

[Formula: see text] ceramics were synthesized by solid-state reaction method, and their magnetic properties and conductive characteristics were investigated and discussed. It is found that La-doped [Formula: see text] ceramic without [Formula: see text] doping is a rhombohedrally distorted perovskite structure, and with the increase of the [Formula: see text] concentration, the phase transits gradually from rhombohedral to pseudo cubic symmetry. Electrical and magnetic properties show strong dependence on [Formula: see text] dopant level. The measurement demonstrates that [Formula: see text] with 30% [Formula: see text] dopant exhibits the lowest values of the leakage current, dielectric constant [Formula: see text] and dielectric loss [Formula: see text]. And the highest value of saturation magnetization of about 4.5 emu/g is observed in 60% Sr-doped [Formula: see text]. An abnormal enhancement of the conductivity was observed in [Formula: see text] ceramics with [Formula: see text] = 0.60 and 0.70, and their magnitude of conductivity is nearly six orders larger than that of pure [Formula: see text].