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PurposeThis study aimed to use meta-analysis to determine the impact of resistance and balance training on athletic ability and quality of life for patients with osteoporotic vertebral fracture (OVF).MethodsThis study followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) criteria for systematic reviews and meta-analyzes. The PubMed, Web of science, Cochrane, Embase, and CNKI databases were searched for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) up to September 2022. The search strategy was related to the intervention measures, population, and results, and was structured around the search terms: “Exercise,” “Osteoporotic vertebral fracture,” and “activities of function.” Two reviewers strictly implemented the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Subgroup analyzes of age and training duration were performed for the main outcomes.ResultsWe included 12 RCTs (n = 1,289) of resistance and balance training in patients with OVF. Compared with controls, the intervention group showed improvements on the Quality of Life Questionnaire issued by the European Foundation for Osteoporosis, visual analog pain scale, Timed Up and Go, falls efficacy scale international (FES-I), kyphosis, and functional reach. On subgroup analysis, the effect was more significant when training continued >10 weeks.ConclusionResistance and balance exercise training improved function and balance, and reduced fall risk in patients with OVF. We recommend resistance and balance training for at least 10 weeks. Future multicenter, large sample trials are needed for more reliable conclusions.

We introduce a new basis of quasisymmetric functions, the row-strict dual immaculate functions. We construct a cyclic, indecomposable 0-Hecke algebra module for these functions. Our row-strict immaculate functions are related to the dual immaculate functions of Berg-Bergeron-Saliola-Serrano-Zabrocki (2014-15) by the involution $\psi$ on the ring of quasisymmetric functions. We give an explicit description of the effect of $\psi$ on the associated 0-Hecke modules, via the poset induced by the 0-Hecke action on standard immaculate tableaux. This remarkable poset reveals other 0-Hecke submodules and quotient modules, often cyclic and indecomposable, notably for a row-strict analogue of the extended Schur functions studied in Assaf-Searles (2019). Like the dual immaculate function, the row-strict dual immaculate function is the generating function of a suitable set of tableaux, corresponding to a specific descent set. We give a complete combinatorial and representation-theoretic picture by constructing 0-Hecke modules for the remaining variations on descent sets, and showing that \emph{all} the possible variations for generating functions of tableaux occur as characteristics of the 0-Hecke modules determined by these descent sets., Comment: 67 pages, 2 figures, 3 tables; minor changes per referee report. To appear in Transactions of the AMS

We expand the chromatic symmetric functions for Dyck paths of bounce number three in the elementary symmetric function basis using a combinatorial interpretation of the inverse of the Kostka matrix studied in E\u{g}ecio\u{g}lu-Remmel (1990). We prove that certain coefficients in this expansion are positive. We establish the $e$-positivity of an extended class of chromatic symmetric functions for Dyck paths of bounce number three beyond the "hook-shape" case of Cho-Huh (2019)., Comment: 22 pages

Dike engineering is the most effective method for flood prevention. Considering the ecological problems brought by dike construction, it is of great significance to establish an ecological destruction evaluation model in the dike interference area. To solve the uncertainty of the ecological destruction evaluation in dike interference area, triangular fuzzy numbers are introduced into the set pair analysis, so as to obtain the ecological health evaluation level and ecological destruction degree. The application in Amur River validates the validity of the model. This model can provide basis for ecological restoration and dike engineering management.

In this study, a new nonlinear mathematical model is developed to describe the conversion of glycerol to 1,3- propanediol by Klebsiella pneumoniae and the changes of concentrations of intracellular substances are taken into consideration. We consider the cases that glycerol passes the membrane by active transport and 1,3-propanediol passes the membrane by passive transport. We firstly study the solution’s existence and uniqueness and prove that the solution is bounded in a positive quadrant. Secondly, we discuss the existence of equilibrium solutions and calculate them, dependent on some given steady accuracy by Newton’s Method. Lastly, we analyze the asymptotical behavior and the global stability of the mathematical model.

The empirical study of intraday patterns of stock trading volatilities and bid–ask spreads in the literature depends on assumptions of specific price generating process and may therefore not be robust to distributional assumptions. By creating discrete states that conform more naturally to the way prices are actually quoted in the derivatives and assets markets, we employ a new methodology of Markov chains for studying the intraday dynamics of derivative prices. We apply the method to study the intraday behavior of the Nikkei index futures prices, trading volumes, and spreads. We find some interesting results such as higher probabilities of transitions between larger volatilities at the opening and closing times. The volatility at lunch break is strikingly low. Contrary to most of the literature, the Nikkei intraday bid–ask spread does not show a U-shaped pattern. We offer some explanations.

Cerebral ischemia damages central neurons, and abnormal microenvironment in ischemic condition is the key factor to the damages. The increase of local concentration of glutamic acid, the overload of Ca2+, and the mitochondrial stress caused by release of cytochrome C are important factors of abnormal microenvironment in cerebral ischemia. In this study ginsenoside Rb1, a compound from Panax Notoginseng, was used to intervene abnormal environment of neurons in the hippocampal CA1 region in two animal models (microperfusion model and photothrombosis model). Results: Compared with the vehicle in the sham group, ginsenoside had following effects. a) ginsenoside Rb1 increased the regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) and the stability of neuronal ultrastructure in in the hippocampal CA1 region and improved the adaptability of neurons in two models. b) ginsenoside Rb1 improved the expression level of glial glutamate transporter1 (GLT-1) and reversed the uptake of glutamate (Glu) after ischemia, and as a result thereby decreased the excitability of Glu and the expression level of GLT-1 was proportional to the dose of ginsenoside Rb1 and similar to that of Nimodipine. c) ginsenoside Rb1 inhibited the expression level of NMDAR and the overload of Ca2+, thereby reducing neuronal damages. Meanwhile, the expression level of NMDAR was inversely proportional to the dose of ginsenoside Rb1, which was similar to that of Nimodipine. d) ginsenoside Rb1 decreased the release of cytochrome C (Cyt-C) and reduced the damages caused by neuronal mitochondrial stress. Meanwhile, the release of Cyt-C was inversely proportional to the dose of ginsenoside Rb1, which was similar to that of Nimodipine. Ginsenoside Rb1 may be as an effective drug for neuroprotection and improve cerebral blood flow after acute ischemia and prevent the secondary brain damage induced by stroke. Refereed/Peer-reviewed