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Bin Lu,1 Xinling Pan,2 Bin Wang,3 Chenyuan Jin,1 Chenxin Liu,1 Mengqi Wang,4 Yunzhen Shi1 1Department of Infectious Diseases, Affiliated Dongyang Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Dongyang, Zhejiang Province, People’s Republic of China; 2Department of Biomedical Sciences Laboratory, Affiliated Dongyang Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Dongyang, People’s Republic of China; 3Department of Emergency, Affiliated Dongyang Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Dongyang, Zhejiang Province, People’s Republic of China; 4Department of Neurology, Affiliated Dongyang Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Dongyang, Zhejiang Province, People’s Republic of ChinaCorrespondence: Yunzhen Shi, Department of Infectious Diseases, Affiliated Dongyang Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, No. 60 Wuningxi Road, Dongyang, People’s Republic of China, Email syzwylwmc@163.comPurpose: We attempted to establish a model for predicting the mortality risk of sepsis patients during hospitalization.Patients and Methods: Data on patients with sepsis were collected from a clinical record mining database, who were hospitalized at the Affiliated Dongyang Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University between January 2013 and August 2022. These included patients were divided into modeling and validation groups. In the modeling group, the independent risk factors of death during hospitalization were determined using univariate and multi-variate regression analyses. After stepwise regression analysis (both directions), a nomogram was drawn. The discrimination ability of the model was evaluated using the area under the curve (AUC) of the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve, and the GiViTI calibration chart assessed the model calibration. The Decline Curve Analysis (DCA) was performed to evaluate the clinical effectiveness of the prediction model. Among the validation group, the logistic regression model was compared to the models established by the SOFA scoring system, random forest method, and stacking method.Results: A total of 1740 subjects were included in this study, 1218 in the modeling population and 522 in the validation population. The results revealed that serum cholinesterase, total bilirubin, respiratory failure, lactic acid, creatinine, and pro-brain natriuretic peptide were the independent risk factors of death. The AUC values in the modeling group and validation group were 0.847 and 0.826. The P values of calibration charts in the two population sets were 0.838 and 0.771. The DCA curves were above the two extreme curves. Moreover, the AUC values of the models established by the SOFA scoring system, random forest method, and stacking method in the validation group were 0.777, 0.827, and 0.832, respectively.Conclusion: The nomogram model established by combining multiple risk factors could effectively predict the mortality risk of sepsis patients during hospitalization.Keywords: severe sepsis, mortality risk prediction, nomogram, SOFA, random forest, stacking

High-pressure diamond anvil cells have been widely used to create novel states of matter. Nevertheless, the lack of universal in-situ magnetic measurement techniques at megabar pressures makes it difficult to understand the underlying physics of materials' behavior at extreme conditions, such as high-temperature superconductivity of hydrides and the formation or destruction of the local magnetic moments in magnetic systems, etc. Here we break through the limitations of pressure on quantum sensors and develop the in-situ magnetic detection technique at megabar pressures with high sensitivity (~1{\mu}T/Hz^(1\2)) and sub-microscale spatial resolution. By directly imaging the magnetic field and the evolution of magnetic domains, we observe the macroscopic magnetic transition of Fe3O4 in the megabar pressure range from strong ferromagnetism ({\alpha}-Fe3O4) to weak ferromagnetism ({\beta}-Fe3O4) and finally to non-magnetism ({\gamma}-Fe3O4). The scenarios for magnetic changes in Fe3O4 characterized here shed light on the direct magnetic microstructure observation in bulk materials at high pressure and contribute to understanding the mechanism of magnetic moment suppression related to spin crossover. The presented method can potentially investigate the spin-orbital coupling and magnetism-superconductivity competition in magnetic systems.

This study evaluated the long-term efficacy of globus pallidus internus (GPi) deep brain stimulation (DBS) in the treatment of craniofacial dystonia (Meige syndrome) and investigated the correlation between the volume of tissue activated (VTA) in the GPi and each subregion and movement score improvement. We retrospectively analyzed the clinical data of 13 patients with drug-refractory Meige syndrome who were treated with GPi DBS. The pre- and postoperative Burke–Fahn–Marsden Dystonia Rating Scale (BFMDRS) scores were compared. The relationships between the preoperative baseline variables and improvement in the BFMDRS-Movement (BFMDRS-M) score were analyzed. LEAD-DBS software was used for the three-dimensional reconstruction of the GPi and implanted electrodes. The correlations between the GPi-VTA and score improvement were analyzed. The average follow-up period was 36.6 ± 11.0 months (18–55 months). At 3 months after the stimulation and the final follow-up visit, the improvements in the BFMDRS-M score were 58.2 and 54.6%, and the improvements in the BFMDRS-Disability (BFMDRS-D) score were 53.6 and 51.7%, respectively. At the final follow-up visit, the improvements in the BFMDRS-M scores of the eye, mouth, and speech/swallowing were significant (P

We will examine particular sections of two pieces of music, the dizi concerto Chou Kong Shan by GUO Wenjing, and 12 Questions on “Heavenward Questions”, a work for the dizi and Western orchestra, by ZHU Shirui. We show how these moments exemplify the orchestration techniques and musical decisions of these two composers, and demonstrate how listeners with different musical experiences might perceive and make sense of the music in different ways.

ZSM-5 waste, the spent product of ZSM-5, has a high content of active SiO2, and thus, it can be potentially used as a supplementary cementitious material (SCM) in cement. In this paper, standard mortars with 5, 7, and 10% of cement replacement were prepared, and the compressive strength and fluidity were tested. The characterization techniques included: X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), hydration heat liberation, and Thermal gravimetric (TG). Results demonstrate that the addition of ZSM-5 waste can improve the strength, decrease the fluidity of cement mortar, and reduce the hydration heat of cement. Cement paste with the addition of ZSM-5 waste shows a lower amount of portlandite due to the pozzolanic reaction. Besides, the microstructure of reaction products exhibits a more condensed structure.

This paper proposes that Ca2+ in steel slag (SS) has a weak early hydration activity when SS and granulated blast-furnace slag (GBFS) are used as alkali-activated cementitious materials. Herein, alkaline activators and Ca(OH)2 are used as indicators of Ca2+ reaction in the SS and GBFS system. It is found that the 28-day compressive strength of the cementitious material with 2 wt% Ca(OH)2 addition increased by 25.9% compared with the blank. Hydration products and microstructures were characterized by XRD, SEM/EDS, FTIR and TG/DTA. Results show that the addition of Ca(OH)2 increased the content of active calcium ions in the reaction system, which promotes the reaction and the formation of C–S–H gel, resulting in an enhanced compressive strength ultimately. It can be also concluded that SS is not suitable as a sole precursor for the production of building materials on a large scale due to the weak early activity of Ca2+ in SS.

Additional file 6: Table S8. Single-cell differentially expressed mRNA in overall cells between COPD patient and healthy control. Table S9. Gene list for construction of protein–protein interaction network

In the process of machine learning, anomaly detection plays an essential role for identifying outliers in the datasets. Quantum anomaly detection could work with only resources growing logarithmically with the number and the dimension of training samples, while the resources required by its classical counterpart usually grow explosively on a classical computer. In this work, we experimentally demonstrate a quantum anomaly detection of audio samples with a three-qubit quantum processor consisting of solid-state spins in diamond. By training the quantum machine with a few normal samples, the quantum machine can detect the anomaly samples with a minimum error rate of 15.4%, which is 55.6% lower than distance-based classifying method. These results show the power of quantum anomaly detection dealing with machine learning tasks and the potential to detect abnormal instances of quantum states generated from quantum devices., Comment: 8 pages, 7 figures

Additional file 4: Table S5. Pairs of mRNA-miRNA predicted by TargetScan. Table S6. Pairs of lncRNA-miRNA predicted by miRcode. Table S7. Pairs of circRNA-miRNA predicted by starBase.

Additional file 4: Table S5. Pairs of mRNA-miRNA predicted by TargetScan. Table S6. Pairs of lncRNA-miRNA predicted by miRcode. Table S7. Pairs of circRNA-miRNA predicted by starBase.

Additional file 6: Table S8. Single-cell differentially expressed mRNA in overall cells between COPD patient and healthy control. Table S9. Gene list for construction of protein–protein interaction network

Additional file 1.

Additional file 4.

Additional file 2: Table S2. Exosomal differentially expressed mRNA between COPD patient and healthy control. Table S3. Exosomal differentially expressed lncRNA between COPD patient and healthy control. Table S4. Exosomal differentially expressed circRNA between COPD patient and healthy control.

Non-collinear spin order that breaks space inversion symmetry and allows efficient electric-field control of magnetism makes BiFeO$_3$ a promising candidate for applications in low-power spintronic devices. Epitaxial strain effects have been intensively studied and exhibit significant modulation of the magnetic order in BiFeO$_3$, but tuning its spin structure with continuously varied uniaxial strain is still lacking up to date. Here, we apply \emph{in situ} uniaxial strain to a freestanding BiFeO$_3$ film and use scanning NV microscope to image the nanoscale magnetic order in real-space. The strain is continuously increased from 0\% to 1.5\% and four images under different strains are acquired during this period. The images show that the spin cycloid tilts by $\sim 12.6^\circ$ when strain approaches 1.5\%. A first principle calculation has been processed to show that the tilting is energetically favorable under such strain. Our \emph{in situ} strain applying method in combination with scanning NV microscope real-space imaging ability paves a new way in studying the coupling between magnetic order and strain in BiFeO$_3$ films., Comment: 11 pages, 4 figures in main text, 5 figures in SI

Additional file 1: Fig. S1 Polypeptide quality monitoring and differential interacting proteins screening data. A Peptide length distribution after trypsin digestion; B The number of spectra, peptides and proteins interacting with chy and chy34; C Distribution of differential interacting proteins (DIPs), red means the spectra difference more than 2-fold, yellow means the spectra difference more than 1.5-fold, grey means no difference. Fig. S2 Map of the co-expression vector used to transformation of five DIPs into chy-GS115 or chy34-GS115 cell. pPFK indicates the promoter of 6-phosphofructo-1-kinase gamma-subunit from P. pastoris, AOX1 terminator indicates the alcohol oxidase transcriptional termination region, EcoRIis the integration site of DIPs. BleoR indicates the zeocin resistant gene, CEN6_ARS indicates the yeast origin of replication, ori indicates the pUC origin. Fig. S3 Verification of UGGT1 and UGGT2 knockout. A/C Sequence alignment, Sbjct and Query indicate the UGGT1/UGGT2 gene sequence before and after knockout. B/D Sequencing peak map of UGGT1/UGGT2 gene after knockout. The triangle indicate the deletion site. Fig. S4 Growth curve acquisition of GS115, chy-GS115 and chy34-GS115 strains, ∆UGGTs indicates that UGGT1 and UGGT2 have been knocked out. Fig. S5 A Far-UV CD spectra of wild and mutant prochymosins. The red line means the CD spectra of chy and the blue one was of the chy34. The table below showed the percentage of the protein’s secondary structure of chy and chy34. B Fluorescence spectra of chy and chy34

Objective: Gamma knife radiosurgery (GKRS) has served as an adjunctive treatment in Cushing’s disease (CD) for decades and has become a vital part of therapy in the management of CD. Biological effective dose (BED) is a radiobiological parameter with time correction, considering the cellular deoxyribonucleic acid repairment. We aimed to investigate the safety and efficacy of GKRS for CD and evaluate the association of BED and treatment outcome. Methods: A cohort study of 31 patients with CD received GKRS in West China Hospital between June 2010 and December 2021. Endocrine remission was defined as normalization of 24 h urinary free cortisol (UFC) or serum cortisol ≤ 50 nmol/L after a 1 mg dexamethasone suppression test. Result: The mean age was 38.6 years old, and females accounted for 77.4%. GKRS was the initial treatment for 21 patients (67.7%), and 32.3% of patients underwent GKRS after surgery due to residual disease and recurrence. The mean endocrine follow-up duration was 22 months. The median marginal dose was 28.0 Gy, and the median BED was 221.5 Gy2.47. Fourteen patients (45.1%) experienced control of hypercortisolism in the absence of pharmacological treatment, and the median duration to remission was 20.0 months. The cumulative rates of endocrine remission at 1, 2, and 3 years after GKRS were 18.9%, 55.3%, and 72.21%, respectively. The total complication rate was 25.8%, and the mean duration from GKRS to hypopituitary was 17.5 months. The new hypopituitary rate at 1, 2, and 3 years were 7.1%, 30.3%, and 48.4%, respectively. A high BED level (BED > 205 Gy2.47) was associated with better endocrine remission than a low BED level (BED ≤ 205 Gy2.47), while no significant differences were found between the BED level and hypopituitarism. Conclusions: GKRS was a second-line therapeutic option for CD with satisfactory safety and efficacy. BED should be considered during GKRS treatment planning, and optimization of BED is a potentially impactful avenue toward improving the efficacy of GKRS.

Federated Learning aims to learn machine learning models from multiple decentralized edge devices (e.g. mobiles) or servers without sacrificing local data privacy. Recent Natural Language Processing techniques rely on deep learning and large pre-trained language models. However, both big deep neural and language models are trained with huge amounts of data which often lies on the server side. Since text data is widely originated from end users, in this work, we look into recent NLP models and techniques which use federated learning as the learning framework. Our survey discusses major challenges in federated natural language processing, including the algorithm challenges, system challenges as well as the privacy issues. We also provide a critical review of the existing Federated NLP evaluation methods and tools. Finally, we highlight the current research gaps and future directions., Comment: 19 pages

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a non-invasive and label-free technique widely used in medical diagnosis and life science research, and its success has benefited greatly from continuing efforts on enhancing contrast and resolution. Here we reported nanoscale MRI in a single cell using an atomic-size quantum sensor. With nitrogen-vacancy center in diamond, the intracellular protein ferritin has been imaged with a spatial resolution of ~ 10 nanometers, and ferritin-containing organelles were co-localized by correlative MRI and electron microscopy. Comparing to the current micrometer resolution in current state-of-art conventional MRI, our approach represents a 100-fold enhancement, and paves the way for MRI of intracellular proteins., Comment: 10 pages, 4 figures

We experimentally demonstrate a dynamical classification approach for investigation of topological quantum phases using a solid-state spin system through nitrogen-vacancy (NV) center in diamond. Similar to the bulkboundary correspondence in real space at equilibrium, we observe a dynamical bulk-surface correspondence in the momentum space from a dynamical quench process. An emergent dynamical topological invariant is precisely measured in experiment by imaging the dynamical spin-textures on the recently defined band-inversion surfaces, with high topological numbers being implemented. Importantly, the dynamical classification approach is shown to be independent of quench ways and robust to the decoherence effects, offering a novel and practical strategy for dynamical topology characterization, especially for high dimensional gapped topological phases., Comment: 6 pages, 4 figures

High-voltage amplifiers have the features of high output voltage, wide frequency bandwidth, and desirable linearity. It is widely used for dielectric measurement in industrial and laboratory applications. This paper presents a new type of cascaded high-voltage amplifier with a voltage gain of 40 times for one circuit cell. The unit circuit is given in detail, which is based on an isolation circuit with linear opto-coupler and an amplified circuit with six operational amplifiers. The negative feedback and capacitive loads characteristics are analyzed theoretically. The step response and frequency curves for two units of amplifier circuit have been tested physically in laboratory. The test results show that the expected voltage gain within the frequency range from ${10^{-3}}$ to $10^{4}\;\text{Hz}$ can be obtained accurately. The new type of linear high-voltage amplifier circuit proposed in this paper is also helpful to insulation diagnosis, electrostatic deflection, and other industrial applications.

Point kernel integration (PKI) method is widely used in the visualization of radiation field in engineering applications because of the features of quickly dealing with large-scale complicated geometry space problems. But the traditional PKI programs have a lot of restrictions, such as complicated modeling, complicated source setting, 3D fine mesh results statistics and large-scale computing efficiency. To break the traditional restrictions for visualization of radiation field, ARShield was developed successfully. The results show that ARShield can deal with complicated plant radiation shielding problems for visualization of radiation field. Compared with SuperMC and QAD, it can be seen that the program is reliable and efficient. Also, ARShield can meet the demands of calculation speediness and interactive operations of modeling and displaying 3D geometries on a graphical user interface, avoiding error modeling in calculation and visualization.