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Evolution creates functional diversity of proteins, the essential building blocks of all biological systems. However, studies of natural proteins sampled across the tree of life and evaluated in a single experimental system are lacking. Almost half of enzymes require metals, and metalloproteins tend to optimally utilize the physicochemical properties of a specific metal co-factor. Life must adapt to changes in metal bioavailability, including those during the transition from anoxic to oxic Earth or pathogens’ exposure to nutritional immunity. These changes can challenge the ability of metalloenzymes to maintain activity, presumptively driving their evolution. Here we studied metal-preference evolution within the natural diversity of the iron/manganese superoxide dismutase (SodFM) family of reactive oxygen species scavengers. We identified and experimentally verified residues with conserved roles in determining metal preference that, when combined with an understanding of the protein’s evolutionary history, improved prediction of metal utilization across the five SodFM subfamilies defined herein. By combining phylogenetics, biochemistry and structural biology, we demonstrate that SodFM metal utilization can be evolutionarily fine tuned by sliding along a scale between perfect manganese and iron specificities. Over the history of life, SodFM metal preference has been modulated multiple independent times within different evolutionary and ecological contexts, and can be changed within short evolutionary timeframes.

Objectives There is limited evidence regarding the effectiveness of transition care programs (TCP) in improving health-related outcomes and discharge destination for older adults. This study aimed to (i) identify changes in health-related outcomes in older adults undergoing a facility-based TCP between admission and discharge; and (ii) compare health-related outcomes between participants discharged home and those discharged to permanent residential care. Method A prospective, observational study was conducted with older adults aged ≥60 years who participated in a facility-based TCP that provided short-term rehabilitation including mobility training, group exercise and cognitive activities. Physical, cognitive and social outcomes were measured at admission and discharge. Data were analysed using linear mixed modelling. Results Of the 41 participants (mean age 80.1 (±8.9) years), 26 (63.4%) were discharged home compared with 14 (34.2%) to residential care. Participants showed statistically significantly improvement in performance of activities of daily living (ADL), mobility and health-related quality of life, with a statistically and clinically significant decline in performance of instrumental ADL. Participants discharged home had statistically and clinically significant greater improvement in mobility compared with those discharged to residential care (de Morton mobility index: home, 13.6 (95% CI: 9.8, 17.4) vs residential, 6.9 (95% CI: 1.7, 12.0), Pinteraction = 0.04) and statistically and clinically significant less decline in instrumental ADL (Lawton’s scale: home, −0.8 (95% CI: −1.3, −0.2) vs residential, −2.1 (95% CI: −2.9, −1.4), Pinteraction = 0.002). Conclusion Older adults participating in a facility-based TCP had improvements in physical, cognitive and social functional abilities. However, those who returned home still had residual mobility deficits and decreased performance of instrumental ADL when compared with normative community level recommendations, which could impact on longer term community living. Further research investigating which program service components could be modified to further improve rehabilitation outcomes could benefit older adults in returning and remaining at home.

To explore the relationship between the core Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) processes (mindfulness, self as context, acceptance, defusion, values, and committed action) and anxiety and stress in a sample of individuals with spinal cord injury (SCI).Variance accounted for by ACT on anxiety and stress as outcome variables was examined using multiple linear regression.Study measures were completed via online survey.159 participants with a SCI completed self-report study measures relevant to the ACT core processes as well as measures of depression, anxiety, and perceived stress.Outcome measures included the Spinal Cord Injury-Quality of Life Anxiety subdomain and the Perceived Stress Scale.Higher reported engagement with acceptance (β=0.238, P=.004), pursuit of values (β=0.187, P.008), and defusion (β=0.351, P.001) related to less anxious distress. Perceived stress was predicted by depression (β = 0.230, P=.038) and the ACT core processes as a whole (P.001).The results of our study indicate that considerable variance in anxiety and stress in individuals with SCI is accounted for by the core processes of ACT. Lower levels of anxiety and stress were predicted by the ACT components as a whole. Anxiety was uniquely predicted by pursuit of values, acceptance, and defusion, indicating these 3 components of ACT may be particularly beneficial in the treatment of anxiety in SCI. These results may provide targeted treatment opportunities via tailored ACT-based interventions.

This study was carried out to assess the prognostic power of low CD49d expression (≥10%) in newly diagnosed CLL patients using a previously described cohort. Eighty-five patients were included. Median age at diagnosis; 70 years (43-88); CD49d was expressed in 33/85 (38.8%); 23/33 (69.7%) at ≥30% referred to as 'HiCD49d' and 10/33 (30.3%) between 10 and 30% with a bimodal pattern on scatterplot analysis referred to as 'LoCD49d'. Eleven patients (12.9%) presented as Binet stage B, of whom 8 (72.7%) were CD49d+ (HiCD49d 7/8; LoCD49d 1/8). Seven of 81 patients (8.6%) were NOTCH1 mutated and all were CD49d+ (p ≤ .01). IgVH analysis was performed on 29 (87.8%) of the CD49d+ cases, of whom 21 (72.4%) were unmutated and 8 (27.6%) were mutated. CD38+/CD49d+ accounted for 11/20 (55%) (CD38+/HiCD49D: 9/11; CD38+/LoCD49D: 2/11). At 42 months, treatment had been initiated in 18/85 (21%) patients, of these 10/33 (30.3%) were CD49d+ versus 8/52 (15.4%) of the CD49d- group. The median treatment free interval for the CD49d+ group was 11 months (HiCD49d; 14.5 months, LoCD49d; 11 months) compared to 21.5 months for the CD49d- group. These findings suggest that the predictive value of CD49d expression is retained at expression levels down to 10%.

OBJECTIVE To investigate caregivers’ assessments of outcome in dogs with idiopathic epilepsy (IE) administered levetiracetam (LEV), zonisamide (ZNS), or phenobarbital (PB) monotherapy. ANIMALS 100 dogs with IE administered LEV (n = 34), ZNS (31), or PB (35) monotherapy between January 1, 2003, and February 6, 2019, and survey responses from their caregivers. PROCEDURES Information on duration of therapy, adverse effects (AEs), and outcome was obtained from medical record review and caregiver questionnaire. RESULTS A significant improvement in mean quality of life score was reported during monotherapy (7.7; SD, 2.14) compared to before treatment (6.25; SD, 2.63; P < .0001), with no difference identified between monotherapy groups. Compared to ZNS monotherapy, dogs prescribed PB monotherapy had a significantly younger median age at seizure onset (2.6 vs 4.3 years; P = .024). A significant relationship was identified between the occurrence of reported AEs and monotherapy group, with a higher prevalence in the PB group (77% [27/35]) and a lower prevalence in the ZNS group (39% [12/31]; P = .0066). Treatment failure rates for PB, LEV, and ZNS monotherapy were 51%, 35%, and 45%, respectively, with failure attributed most commonly to inadequate seizure control. No significant difference was identified between groups with respect to rate of or time to failure. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Most caregivers reported a favorable outcome with administration of LEV, ZNS, or PB monotherapy to dogs with IE. Phenobarbital is associated with the highest prevalence of AEs but no difference in quality of life score. Prospective controlled studies are needed to further compare the efficacy and safety of these monotherapies in dogs with IE.

Loss of epithelial integrity, bronchiolarization, and fibroblast activation are key characteristics of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). Prolonged accumulation of basal-like cells in IPF may impact the fibrotic niche to promote fibrogenesis. To investigate their role in IPF, basal cells were isolated from IPF explant and healthy donor lung tissues. Single Cell RNA sequencing was used to assess differentially expressed genes in basal cells. Basal cell and niche interaction was demonstrated with the sLP-mCherry niche labeling system. Luminex assays were used to assess cytokines secreted by basal cells. The role of basal cells in fibroblast activation was studies. 3D organoid culture assays were used to interrogate basal cell effects on AEC2 renewal capacity. Perturbation was used to investigate WNT7A function in vitro and in a repetitive bleomycin model in vivo. We found that WNT7A is highly and specifically expressed in basal-like cells. Proteins secreted by basal cells can be captured by neighboring fibroblasts and AEC2s. Basal cells or basal cell conditioned media activate fibroblasts through WNT7A. Basal cell-derived WNT7A inhibits AEC2 progenitor cell renewal in 3D organoid cultures. Neutralizing antibodies against WNT7A or a small molecule inhibitor of Frizzled signaling abolished basal cell induced fibroblast activation and attenuated lung fibrosis in mice. In summary, basal cells and basal cell-derived WNT7A are key components of the fibrotic niche, providing a unique non-stem cell function of basal cells in IPF progression and a novel targeting strategy for IPF.

Molybdenum hexafluoride (MoF6) is used as a non-radioactive substitute for uranium to study the hydrolysis of metal hexafluorides.

Trans and gender-diverse individuals experience poor mental health, and face significant barriers when trying to access appropriate mental health care. Most seek treatment from mainstream primary care services, who have an ethical duty to provide care to all. Primary care practitioners can ameliorate traumatic harms by identifying helpful strategies and avoiding inappropriate or harmful strategies. However, there is limited robust, culturally sensitive evidence informing clinicians about the appropriateness and efficacy of psychological interventions for trans and gender-diverse clients. This forum article argues that the epistemological and ontological frameworks underlying psychotherapies can impact the therapeutic relationship, and are therefore important factors to consider in primary care practice with trans and gender-diverse clients. Our paper synthesises selected psychotherapies into four clusters. Each cluster is accompanied by discussion of the potential or demonstrated benefits and limitations of the underlying framework, in the context of primary care with trans and gender-diverse clients. We also explore power dynamics in therapeutic relationships with trans and gender-diverse clients, and the challenges these factors pose to developing a shared understanding of the client’s needs and preferences. The article concludes with some practical considerations for managing these issues in primary care.

This study investigated whether anthropometric and physical abilities explained variance in match collision performance among international female rugby union players. Physical performance and anthropometric data for fifty-one international female rugby union players, and collision actions categorised as "effort" or "performance" variables, from 20 international matches, were analysed using partial least squares regression. Among forwards, variance in carries/min was explained (R

Some children and adolescents receiving chemotherapy experience few symptom-related adverse events, whereas others experience multiple adverse events. If oncology nurses could identify patients likely to have pronounced chemotherapy-related adverse events, tailored supportive care could be matched to these patients' symptom burdens.The aim of this study was to identify symptom profiles in children and adolescents before and after chemotherapy, and the sociodemographic and psychological factors associated with profile classification and change.Participants ranging from 7 to 18 years (n = 436) completed 6 Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System pediatric symptom measures within 72 hours preceding (T1) and 1 to 2 weeks after (T2) chemotherapy. Profile membership and change were determined by latent profile/latent transition analyses. Associations with profiles and profile transitions were examined using multinomial logit models and logistic regression.Three symptom suffering profiles were identified at T1 and T2: high, medium, and low. The high symptom suffering profile included the fewest participants (T1, n = 70; T2, n = 55); the low symptom suffering profile included the most participants (T1, n = 200; T2, n = 207). Of the participants, 57% remained in the same profile from T1 to T2. Psychological stress was significantly associated with T1 and T2 profile classifications and profile transition; age was associated with profile classification at T1.Three symptom suffering profiles existed in a sample of pediatric patients undergoing chemotherapy, indicating that children and adolescents have differing cancer treatment experiences.Oncology nurses could screen pediatric oncology patients for their symptom suffering profile membership and subsequently prioritize care efforts for those with a high suffering profile.

Review of Brian Brock, Disability: Living into the Diversity of Christ’s Body (Grand Rapids, MI: Baker Academic, 2021), pp. xxii + 180, ISBN 978-1540962973

To explore the extent to which Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) core processes are related to depressive symptoms and pain interference in a sample of individuals with spinal cord injury (SCI).159 individuals with an SCI completed self-report surveys of 6 core processes of ACT and of 2 quality-of-life indicators (Spinal Cord Injury-Quality of Life [SCI-QOL] Depressive Symptoms and Pain Interference). Hierarchical linear regressions were used to analyze the amount of variance in depressive symptom and pain interference accounted for by ACT as a comprehensive construct and each individual ACT component. Data were collected specifically to examine these research questions.Analyses revealed that ACT as a unified construct accounted for a significant amount of variance in both criterion variables (range ΔR² = .29-.56; allOverall, these results demonstrate that ACT core processes account for moderate to large amounts of the variance in indicators of depressive symptoms and pain interference for individuals who have an SCI. Pursuit of values and acceptance had the greatest associations with depressive symptoms, whereas self as context and acceptance had the greatest associations with reported pain interference. These results highlight the potential for ACT core processes to be targeted in a treatment context. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved).

To examine the effects of implementing a dedicated orthopaedic trauma room (DOTR) on hip and femur fracture care.A retrospective cohort study. Setting: Level 1 trauma center. Patients: 2928 patients with femoral neck, pertrochanteric, and femoral shaft and distal femur (FSDF) fractures.Implementation of a DOTR.Hospital length of stay (LOS), emergency department (ED) LOS, intensive care unit (ICU) LOS, and time to operating room (TTOR).Implementation of a DOTR resulted in significant improvement in TTOR for all patient groups ( P0.05). We found shorter TTOR for pertrochanteric ( P0.001), femoral neck ( P = 0.039), and FSDF groups ( P = 0.046). Total hospital LOS was shorter for patients with pertrochanteric ( P0.001) and femoral neck fractures ( P = 0.044). Patients with pertrochanteric hip fractures demonstrated shorter ICU LOS ( P0.001). No LOS improvements were observed among patients in the FSDF group. ED LOS was significantly longer in all patient groups ( P0.001).Implementation of a DOTR was associated with shorter TTOR, shorter hospital and ICU LOS, and longer ED LOS. There was a greater number of patients transferred into the investigating institution and fewer patients transferred out. These data support the utility of a DOTR as it relates to an improvement in hospital stay-related outcomes in patients with fractures of the hip and femur. Our results suggest that a DOTR in a Level I trauma hospital is associated with improvement in patient care.Therapeutic Level III. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.

In this essay, we argue that it is folly to stake the legitimacy and value of entrepreneurship research on the uniqueness of its theory. A better path is to orient around questions where we are uniquely positioned to create useful and important knowledge. To this end, we anchor on Venkataraman’s seminal definition and argue that entrepreneurship research should focus on understanding the outcomes of venture creation not just for founders, but also for other stakeholders and society as a whole. Moreover, we argue that generating robust insight into these questions requires contributions from multiple perspectives, and this makes our field’s theoretical diversity a great and under-appreciated asset. Drawing on the metaphor of “borderlands,” we argue that embracing and leveraging diversity can help to address important social and environmental problems while also laying a foundation for the unique identity so long sought by the members of our field.

PDF file - 53K, Survival analysis of the 88 analyzed OPC patients

Purpose: The objective of this study is to investigate the significance of microRNAs (miRNA) in patients with locally advanced head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC).Experimental Design: A global miRNA profiling was done on 51 formalin-fixed archival HNSCC samples using quantitative reverse transcription-PCR approach, correlated with patients' clinical parameters. Functional characterization of HNSCC-associated miRNAs was conducted on three HNSCC cell lines. Cell viability and proliferation were investigated using MTS and clonogenic assays, respectively; cell cycle analyses were assessed using flow cytometry.Results: Thirty-eight of the 117 (33%) consistently detected miRNAs were significantly differentially expressed between malignant versus normal tissues. Concordant with previous reports, overexpression of miR-21, miR-155, let-7i, and miR-142-3p and underexpression of miR-125b and miR-375 were detected. Upregulation of miR-423, miR-106b, miR-20a, and miR-16 as well as downregulation of miR-10a were newly observed. Exogenous overexpression of miR-375 in HNSCC cell lines reduced proliferation and clonogenicity and increased cells in sub-G1. Similar cellular effects were observed in knockdown studies of the miR-106b-25 cluster but with accumulation of cells in G1 arrest. No major difference was detected in miRNA profiles among laryngeal, oropharyngeal, or hypopharyngeal cancers. miR-451 was found to be the only significantly overexpressed miRNA by 4.7-fold between nonrelapsed and relapsed patients.Conclusion: We have identified a group of aberrantly expressed miRNAs in HNSCC and showed that underexpression of miR-375 and overexpression of miR-106b-25 cluster might play oncogenic roles in this disease. Further detailed examinations of miRNAs will provide opportunities to dissect the complex molecular abnormalities driving HNSCC progression. Clin Cancer Res; 16(4); 1129–39

PDF file - 31K, The list of the aberrantly-expressed miRNAs between OPC and normals

PDF file - 27K, MiRNAs associated with p16 in OPCs samples

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PDF file - 65K, Comparison of differential miRNA expression levels by p16 IHC and HPV16 ISH

PDF file - 31K, Comparison of miRNA expression between tumor and normal samples

Supplementary Data from Comprehensive MicroRNA Profiling for Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinomas

Purpose: Deregulation of miRNAs is associated with almost all human malignancies. Human papillomavirus (HPV)-associated oropharyngeal carcinoma (OPC) has a significantly more favorable outcome compared with HPV-negative OPCs; however, the underlying mechanisms are not well understood. Hence, the objectives of this study were to determine whether miRNA expression differed as a function of HPV status and to assess whether such miRNAs provide prognostic value beyond HPV status.Methods: Global miRNA profilings were conducted on 88 formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded (FFPE) OPC biopsies (p16-positive: 56; p16-negative: 32), wherein the expression levels of 365 miRNAs plus 3 endogenous controls were simultaneously measured using quantitative real-time (qRT)-PCR. Seven FFPE specimens of histologically normal tonsils were used as controls.Results: Overall, 224 miRNAs were expressed in more than 80% of the investigated samples, with 128 (57%) being significantly differentially expressed between tumor versus normal tissues (P < 0.05). Upregulated miR-20b, miR-9, and miR-9* were significantly associated with HPV/p16-status. Three miRNA sets were significantly associated with overall survival (miR-107, miR-151, miR-492; P = 0.0002), disease-free survival (miR-20b, miR-107, miR-151, miR-182, miR-361; P = 0.0001), and distant metastasis (miR-151, miR-152, miR-324-5p, miR-361, miR492; P = 0.0087), which retained significance even after adjusting for p16 status. The associated biologic functions of these miRNAs include immune surveillance, treatment resistance, invasion, and metastasis.Conclusion: We have identified several miRNAs, which associate with HPV status in OPC; furthermore, three candidate prognostic sets of miRNAs seem to correlate with clinical outcome, independent of p16 status. Furthermore, evaluations will offer biologic insights into the mechanisms underlying the differences between HPV-positive versus HPV-negative OPC. Clin Cancer Res; 19(8); 2154–62. ©2013 AACR.

Research has shown that students who were more willing to experience consequences reported higher rates of alcohol consumption and negative consequences. The present study used a longitudinal design to examine intra- and interpersonal consequence-specific predictors of willingness to experience negative consequences.Students (iN/i= 2,024) were assessed in the fall (Time [T] 1) and spring (T2) semesters of their first year in college. Intrapersonal constructs (i.e., expectancies, subjective evaluations, self-efficacy), interpersonal constructs (i.e., peer descriptive, injunctive norms), and personality constructs (i.e., self-regulation, impulsivity, sensation seeking) were assessed at T1 and willingness to experience negative alcohol-related consequences was assessed 6 months later. A structural path model examined the relationship between T1 predictors and T2 willingness. T1 drinking and sex were included as covariates.These results demonstrated significant positive relationships between T1 participants' subjective evaluations of consequences, expectancies of experiencing consequences, and T2 willingness to experience negative consequences. Further, impulsivity, sensation seeking, and T1 drinking showed significant, positive associations with willingness, whereas higher self-regulation was significantly associated with lower willingness. Men were significantly more willing to experience negative consequences than women. No significant associations were observed between normative perceptions and willingness.Intrapersonal and personality constructs, as well as previous drinking, were significantly associated with willingness to experience consequences whereas interpersonal constructs were not. Men were significantly more willing to experience negative consequences. College student interventions may benefit from focusing on significant constructs identified in the current study (e.g., enhancing self-regulation) and focusing on students with higher willingness to experience negative consequences.

The scaling of reaction yields in light ion fusion to low reaction energies is important for our understanding of stellar fuel chains and the development of future energy technologies. Experiments become progressively more challenging at lower reaction energies due to the exponential drop of fusion cross sections below the Coulomb barrier. We report on experiments where deuterium-deuterium (D-D) fusion reactions are studied in a pulsed plasma in the glow discharge regime using a benchtop apparatus. We model plasma conditions using particle-in-cell codes. Advantages of this approach are relatively high peak ion currents and current densities (0.1 to several A/cm2) that can be applied to metal wire cathodes for several days. We detect neutrons from D-D reactions with scintillator-based detectors. For palladium targets, we find neutron yields as a function of cathode voltage that are over 100 times higher than yields expected for bare nuclei fusion at ion energies below 2 keV (center of mass frame). A possible explanation is a correction to the ion energy due to an electron screening potential of 1000±250 eV, which increases the probability for tunneling through the repulsive Coulomb barrier. Our compact, robust setup enables parametric studies of this effect at relatively low reaction energies.

Objectives The purpose of this study was to gain an in-depth understanding of perceptions of mental illnesses (especially psychosis), help-seeking, barriers to help-seeking, and opportunities to facilitate help-seeking in the African Nova Scotian Community. Methods A qualitative interpretive narrative approach, using the focus group method, was employed to engage African Nova Scotians in discussions on their perceptions and beliefs about mental illnesses and help-seeking in their communities. Youth in Early Intervention services, their caregivers, youth in the community, their caregivers, community leaders, and health service providers, were recruited from four locations in the Halifax Regional Municipality. A total of 75 individuals (37 female, 38 male) participated in the study. Narrative emplotment was used to analyse data from focus groups. Results Findings from focus groups were categorized based on four areas of discussion: (a) perceptions about psychosis and other mental illnesses among youth, caregivers, service providers and community leaders (b) beliefs about help-seeking among youth, caregivers, services providers and community leaders; (c) barriers and facilitators to seeking help for mental illnesses; and (d) the content and format of educational resources to educate and support youth, families and communities. Conclusions Stigma surrounding mental illnesses in the community, lack of knowledge of illness and available services, concerns regarding negative involvement with police, or dismissal of difficulties by health care providers represent significant barriers to help-seeking in this community. Additionally, barriers include a lack of trust in health care services and a dearth of African Nova Scotian service providers. Bolstering capacity of community organizations to support and educate individuals around illness as well as fostering collaboration between health services and community organizations could reduce barriers to care. Future research should focus on examining ways to engage African Nova Scotians in collaboration with existing community organizations.

Background The accuracy with which healthcare professionals (HCPs) and risk prediction tools predict outcomes after major lower limb amputation (MLLA) is uncertain. The aim of this study was to evaluate the accuracy of predicting short-term (30 days after MLLA) mortality, morbidity, and revisional surgery. Methods The PERCEIVE (PrEdiction of Risk and Communication of outcomE following major lower limb amputation: a collaboratIVE) study was launched on 1 October 2020. It was an international multicentre study, including adults undergoing MLLA for complications of peripheral arterial disease and/or diabetes. Preoperative predictions of 30-day mortality, morbidity, and MLLA revision by surgeons and anaesthetists were recorded. Probabilities from relevant risk prediction tools were calculated. Evaluation of accuracy included measures of discrimination, calibration, and overall performance. Results Some 537 patients were included. HCPs had acceptable discrimination in predicting mortality (931 predictions; C-statistic 0.758) and MLLA revision (565 predictions; C-statistic 0.756), but were poor at predicting morbidity (980 predictions; C-statistic 0.616). They overpredicted the risk of all outcomes. All except three risk prediction tools had worse discrimination than HCPs for predicting mortality (C-statistics 0.789, 0.774, and 0.773); two of these significantly overestimated the risk compared with HCPs. SORT version 2 (the only tool incorporating HCP predictions) demonstrated better calibration and overall performance (Brier score 0.082) than HCPs. Tools predicting morbidity and MLLA revision had poor discrimination (C-statistics 0.520 and 0.679). Conclusion Clinicians predicted mortality and MLLA revision well, but predicted morbidity poorly. They overestimated the risk of mortality, morbidity, and MLLA revision. Most short-term risk prediction tools had poorer discrimination or calibration than HCPs. The best method of predicting mortality was a statistical tool that incorporated HCP estimation.

Purpose: To examine the effect of fast- versus slow-speed eccentric-muscle-action resistance training on lower-body strength, vertical jump height, sprint speed, and change-of-direction performance in elite soccer players during a competitive season. Methods: Twenty-two elite soccer players, from a single team, were randomly assigned to groups that undertook either 1- (fast speed) or 4-second (slow speed) eccentric resistance training during the in-season period. A 5-week program was conducted during an elite top-division European League soccer season. Performance measures including predicted 1-repetition-maximum back squat, countermovement jump, 20-m sprint, and change of direction were tested before and after the intervention period. Total match and training running distance and muscle soreness were also recorded during each week of the intervention. Results: An analysis of covariance showed significant group effects (P = .01) for countermovement jump with a greater jump height in the 1-second fast-speed group postintervention (95% CI, 1.1–6.9 cm). Despite an overall increase in 1-repetition maximum pretraining to posttraining (95% CI, 10.0–15.3 kg, effect size 0.69), there were no significant differences (P > .05) between groups after the intervention. Similarly, there were no differences between groups for change of direction, 20-m sprint, or muscle soreness. Conclusion: Faster eccentric muscle actions may be superior for increasing movements in elite soccer players in-season.