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Background: Children with the immature intestinal immune system are prone to Salmonella infection through the fecal-oral route causing diarrhea. Non-typhoid Salmonella (NTS) is difficult to treat and eliminate due to its zoonosis. Salmonella typhi, including typhoid and paratyphoid A, B, and C, only infect humans and cause invasive infectious diseases. Salmonella typhi infection is serious and requires antibiotic treatment. The bacterial resistance caused by conventional antibacterial drugs brings great difficulties to treatment. Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the epidemiology of S. enterica in children with diarrhea in Chengdu, China. Methods: Fresh stool specimens or rectal swabs from 6656 children aged 1 day to 13 years with diarrhea were collected, cultured, identified, and tested for antimicrobial susceptibility. Analytical Profile index 20E was used for biochemical identification, and the Kirby-Bauer method was used for the bacterial sensitivity test. The whole process was conducted in accordance with the fourth edition of the National Clinical Examination procedures, and the drug sensitivity test was conducted in accordance with the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute 2020 guidelines. Results: A total of 649 Salmonella strains were isolated from 6656 children with suspected Salmonella infection, among which the isolation rates of NTS and S. typhi were 8.92% and 0.83%, respectively. The infection rate of S. typhimurium was the highest every year (74.88%). Salmonella infections are on the rise, especially typhimurium, Dublin, Typhi, and London. Paratyphi is unstable, presenting a phenomenon of transition and replacement (the male to female ratio:1.12:1). The infection rate was the lowest within 1 day and 6 months (P < 0.05). Salmonella mainly infected children under 3 years of age, and the positive rate was reported as 88.29%. Within June-September, the infection rate of Salmonella was the highest, with a positive rate of 72.73%. The isolated 649 Salmonella strains had good susceptibility to cefotaxime and ciprofloxacin (87.67% and 79.20%, respectively), almost no susceptibility to ampicillin, and a drug resistance rate of 92.91%. Conclusions: The typhoid and paratyphoid vaccines should be considered together, and vaccines should focus on children under 3 years of age. Antibiotics should be rationally selected according to the drug sensitivity test and disease condition.

Salusin-�� is a bioactive peptide that protects against atherosclerosis and hepatosteatosis. Serum salusin-�� level is declined in patients suffering with renal insufficiency. However, it is still undefined whether salusin-�� plays a role in diabetic nephropathy. The present study was designed to investigate the potential roles of salusin-�� in diabetic renal disease. Herein, we demonstrated that the salusin-�� levels in both plasma and kidney tissues from diabetic rats were obviously downregulated. Exogenous administration of salusin-�� eliminated the typical characteristics of diabetic nephropathy. Salusin-�� treatment decreased renal fibrosis, which was related with reduced epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) of renal tubular epithelial cells. Injection of salusin-�� suppressed the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) via attenuation of NADPH oxidase subunits protein expressions and recovery of the antioxidant system. Mechanistically, the activated Akt/mTORC1/p70S6K signaling pathway in diabetic nephropathy was counteracted by salusin-�� treatment. Our results demonstrated that salusin-�� exerted protective effect against diabetic nephropathy via reduced oxidative stress and fibrosis, dependent on inactivation of the Akt/mTORC1/p70S6K signaling cascade. Salusin-�� may be considered as a promising target for the treatment of diabetic nephropathy.

we fabricated 980nm vertical cavity surface emitting lasers with diamond shaped oxidation aperture of diameter 3μm. Polarization stable single fundamental mode output was achieved under whole current range at temperature changed from 15C to 55C.

Quantum walk (QW), the quantum mechanical counterpart of classical random walk, has recently been studied in various fields. The evolution of the discrete time quantum walk can be described as follows: the walker changes its spin state by the coin operator C, then takes one step left or right according to its spin state. For homogeneous quantum walk, the coin operator is independent of time and the standard deviation of the position grows linearly in time. It is quadratically faster than that in the classical random walk. In this work, we numerically study the dynamical behaviors of spreading in a one-dimensional discrete time quasiperiodic quantum walk (DTQQW). The DTQQW is that the coin operator is dependent on time and takes two different coins C() and C() arranged in generalized Fibonacci (GF) sequences. The GF sequences are constructed from A by the recursion relation: AAmBn, BA, for m, n are positive integers. They can be classified into two classes according to the wandering exponent . For 0, they belong to the first class, and for 0, they belong to the second class. For one dimensional system, the behaviors of two classes of GF systems are different either for the electronic spectrum of an electron in quasiperiodic potentials or for the quantum phase transitions of the quasiperiodic spin chains. In this paper, we discuss the cases of two different C operators (C();C()) arranged in GF sequences and find that the spreading behaviors are superdiffusion (the standard deviation of the position ~t; 0:5 1) for the two classes of GF DTQQW. For the second class of GF DTQQW, the exponent values are larger than those of the first class of GF DTQQW in the case of two identical C operators. By exploring the probability distribution in the real space, we find that for the first class of GF DTQQW, the probability distributions are almost the same for different initial states and are similar to the classical Gaussian distribution. For the probability distributions of the second class of GF DTQQW, there are two peaks at the two edges and the height of the two peaks can be different for different initial states. They are similar to the ballistic distribution of the homogeneous quantum walk. Therefore, we conclude that for the first class of GF DTQQW, the spreading behaviors are close to those of the classical random walk ( = 0:5) while for the second class of GF DTQQW, they are close to those of the homogeneous quantum walk ( = 1). This result is quite different from the characteristics of the quantum phase transitions in two classes of GF quasiperiodic quantum spin chains.

Measuring the satisfaction is a complicated task because humans are of bounded rationality. The relationship between operational costs and passenger satisfaction has not been established neither in the definition of satisfaction based on customer perceptions nor in the studies using the definition based on specifications in operation research (OR) models. We will align the passenger requirements and cognition with the specifications used in OR models by applying the value function of prospect theory. In our paper, the reference point hypothesis of prospect theory is applied to measure the level of satisfaction for the flexible community bus problem, which can overcome the one-sidedness of traditional satisfaction evaluation either defined by specification or by user perceptions. The aim is to insert as many as unexpected passengers as possible within certain satisfaction level. The numerical results proof that the flexible route plan can insert more unexpected passengers with lower cost and higher passenger satisfaction compared with the fixed and timetabled route. It is also revealed the model has strong adaptability and can be applied in various groups by adjusting the specified satisfaction level.

Based on the principle of series-parallel equivalent circuit, a model of dielectric permittivity for liquid-solid two-phase mixture is proposed. Then based on the model, a general measurement model of total moisture in coal was built. The model parameters were determined by experimental data. After error analysis of the model, a special measurement model for anthracite was built also. The calculation of the models fit the test data well and that lay the theoretical foundation of measuring the moisture in coal.

According to the nonlinear characteristic of solar cell output, the TMPPT of solar cell is studied and the tracking control strategy applying varying voltage step disturbing is presented. Combining with the charging and discharging curve of battery, the favorable management study on it is done. The software and hardware of photovoltaic charging system is designed based on the microprocessor JK3, and the some experiments on the TMPPT of solar cell are done with solar cell array simulator. The above control strategy is proved to be effective and better by experiment results.

The maximum power conversion efficiencies of the top-emitting, oxide-confined, two-dimensional integrated 2×2 and 4×4 vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser (VCSEL) arrays with the oxide-apertures of 6 μm, 16 μm, 19 μm, 26 μm, 29 μm, 36 μm, 39 μm, and 46 μm are fabricated and characterized, respectively. The maximum power conversion efficiencies increase rapidly with the augment of oxide-aperture at the beginning and then decrease slowly. A maximum value of 27.91% at an oxide-aperture of 18.6 μm is achieved by simulation. The experimental data are well consistent with the simulation results, which are analyzed by utilizing an empirical model.

Exciton binding energies in InGaAsP/InP quantum well with different contents of In are calculated through variational method in the effective mass approximation. The variation of exciton binding energy as a function of well width, In content, and applied external electric field is studied. It is shown that the exciton binding energy is a non-monotonic function of well width. It increases first until reaching a maximum, and then decreases as the well width increases farther. In addition, with the increase of In content, the well width should increase to reach the maximum value of exciton binding energy. It is also found that the external electric field has little effect on binding energy, but when the electric field is large enough, it will destroy the excitonic effect. These results may provide some theoretical basis for the design and control of InGaAsP/InP optical devices.