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We present a discrete event simulator, TSJSim (Truck-Shovel JaamSim Simulator), for evaluating the stochastic and dynamic operational variables in a truck-shovel system. TSJSim offers four truck allocation strategies: Fixed truck assignment (FTA), Minimizing shovel production requirement (MSPR), Minimizing truck waiting time (MTWT), and Minimizing truck semi-cycle time (MTSCT) including the genetic algorithm (GA) optimization and the frozen dispatching algorithm (FDA) optimization rules. Multiple decision points along the haul routes for all the trucks close to the decision points were included in the model. The simulation results indicate that the trends associated with production tons and queuing time utilizing the four truck allocation strategies (MSPR, MTWT, FDA, and GA) all demonstrated similar patterns as the fleet size varied. As the system fleet size increased, the system production tons under these strategies at first increased significantly and then remained relatively constant; the queuing time relating to these strategies showed a positive relationship with the system fleet size. The bunching time decreased when the truck allocation strategies were applied in the model. In the simulated truck-shovel network system with multiple traffic intersections, by assigning the trucks at the intersections, both productivity and fleet utilization increased.

Observation of high energy and very high emission from Gamma Ray Bursts (GRBs) is crucial to study the gigantic explosion and the underline processes. With a large field-of-view and almost full duty cycle, the Water Cherenkov Detector Array (WCDA), a sub-array of the Large High Altitude Air Shower Observatory (LHAASO), is appropriate to monitor the very high energy emission from unpredictable transients such as GRBs. Nevertheless, the main issue for an extensive air shower array is the high energy threshold which limits the horizon of the detector. To address this issue a new trigger method is developed in this article to lower the energy threshold of WCDA for GRB observation. The proposed method significantly improves the detection efficiency of WCDA for gamma-rays around the GRB direction at 10-300 GeV. The sensitivity of the WCDA for GRB detection with the new trigger method is estimated. The achieved sensitivity of the quarter WCDA array above 10 GeV is comparable with that of Fermi-LAT. The data analysis process and corresponding fluence upper limit for GRB 190719C is presented as an example.

The main scientific goal of LHAASO-WCDA is to survey gamma-ray sources with energy from 100 GeV to 30 TeV. To observe high-energy shower events, especially to measure the energy spectrum of cosmic rays from 100 TeV to 10 PeV, a dynamic range extension system (WCDA++) is designed to use a 1.5-inch PMT with a dynamic range of four orders of magnitude for each cell in WCDA-1. The dynamic range is extended by using these PMTs to measure the effective charge density in the core region of air shower events, which is an important parameter for identifying the composition of primary particles. The system has been running for more than one year. In this paper, the details of the design and performance of WCDA++ are presented.

OBJECTIVE: To explore the effect of thoracic paravertebral anesthesia (TPVB) on prognosis of patients undergoing resection of lung cancer. METHODS: This study was conducted among the patients undergoing surgical resection of primary lung cancer under general anesthesia or TPVB combined with general anesthesia (TPVB+GA) between January, 2017 and May, 2018.The patients were enrolled in TPVB+GA group and GA group (control group) using a propensity score matching (PSM) method at the ratio of 1:2 based on their baseline characteristics.The clinical parameters, 5-year overall survival (OS), progression-free survival (PFS) and intraoperative dosage of opioids were compared between the two groups to assess the impact of TPVB on prognosis of the patients. RESULTS: Forty-seven patients were enrolled in TPVB+GA group and 94 in the control group.Kaplan-Meier survival analysis showed a significantly prolonged PFS in the patients with TPVB+GA (log-rank P=0.034), with an odds ratio (OR) of 0.45(95%CI: 0.33-0.89).Consistently, univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses identified TPVB as an independent protective prognostic factor for patients with lung cancer resection (P=0.002, OR=0.33, 95%CI: 0.16-0.66).Cox regression analyses indicated that a lower intraoperative dose of remifentanil was significantly correlated with a longer PFS of the patients following lung cancer resection (P=0.017, OR=0.47, 95%CI: 0.25-0.87).Chi-square test confirmed that TPVB, but not general anesthesia, significantly reduced intraoperative dose of remifentanil, indicating a possible synergistic effect of TPVB with opioids to affect the survival of the patients. CONCLUSION: TPVB can prolong the survival time and improve the prognosis of the patients undergoing surgical resection of lung cancer.

OBJECTIVE: To explore the changes in Yes-associated protein (YAP) activity at the early stage of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) and the spatiotemporal relationship between YAP and ductular reaction (DR). METHODS: Male C57BL/6J mouse models of NASH were established by feeding with a methionine- and choline-deficient (MCD) diet or a thioacetamide (TAA) diet for 12 weeks. At different time points during the feeding, liver histology of the mice was observed with HE and Masson trichrome staining. The mRNA expressions of YAP and its target genes (Ctgf, Cyr61, Acta2) were determined by qPCR, and the total protein expression level of YAP was measured with immunoblotting. The expression and distribution of YAP and the markers of DR (K19 and Sox9) were observed with immunohistochemical staining. RESULTS: At the early stage of NASH induced by MCD diet (1 to 4 weeks), the mRNA expression of YAP and its target genes and the total protein expression of YAP increased significantly (P < 0.01). The number of YAP-positive hepatocytes reached the peak level of 90.8 (cells per ×400 field of view) at week 2 and then decreased to 30.8 at week 4 (P < 0.001); YAP-positive ductular cells appeared near the portal area, where DR began to occur. From 8 to 12 weeks, numerous K19/Sox9-positive DR cells were observed in the hepatic lobules around the central vein (P < 0.01), while only a few YAP-positive hepatocytes were present in the liver tissue (P > 0.05), and the number of YAP-positive ductular cells gradually increased with time (P < 0.001). At the early stage of NASH induced by TAA diet (3 days to 2 weeks), the mRNA expression of YAP and its target genes and the total protein expression of YAP increased significantly (P < 0.05), and the number of YAP-positive hepatocytes reached the peak of 69.2 at week 2 and then decreased to 55.2 at week 4 (P < 0.001); YAP-positive ductular cells first appeared at the initial location of DR near the central vein. From 6 to 12 weeks, numerous K19/Sox9-positive DR cells occurred in the hepatic lobules around the central vein (P < 0.01). While the number of YAP-positive hepatocytes decreased (P < 0.001), the number of YAP-positive ductular cells continued to increase (P < 0.001). CONCLUSION: During the development of NASH, YAP activation occurs earlier than DR but they are spatiotemporally correlated. YAP activation in hepatocytes may participate in DR by promoting hepatocyte dedifferentiation.

This article serves to highlight both the common nature and severity of postpartum hemorrhage (PPH). Identification of etiologies and management of each is reviewed. In addition, the evaluation and administration of proper blood component therapies and massive transfusion are also explained to help providers become comfortable with early administration and delivery of blood component therapies.

Water Cherenkov detector array (WCDA) is one of the key parts of the Large High Altitude Air Shower Observatory (LHAASO), the construction of which was completed by the end of 2020. The WCDA covers a 78 000-m2 area and there exist 3120 large size photomultiplier tubes (PMTs) in three ponds: 8-in PMTs are used in WCDA pond No. 1 and 20-in PMTs are used in ponds No. 2 and No. 3. The front-end electronics (FEE) system based on multigain measurement technique is designed to achieve both high-precision time and charge measurements over a large dynamic range from single photon electron (S.P.E.) to 4000 P.E. (for water pond No. 1)/1800 P.E. (for water ponds No. 2 and No. 3). To achieve a high-quality clock distribution and phase alignment as well as mixed transmission of data, clock, and commands in one fiber over a long distance, an enhanced white rabbit (WR) technique is used. Testing of all the 350 FEE modules for the WCDA is presented in this article. Test results indicate that the charge resolution is better than 20% at S.P.E. and 1% at 1800/4000 P.E. and the time resolution is better than 300 ps root mean square (rms), which successfully meets the application requirement. All the FEE modules have been fabricated and installed for the LHAASO WCDA from 2018 to 2020, and the initial commissioning operation indicates that the FEEs function well.

The extension of the cosmic-ray spectrum beyond 1 petaelectronvolt (PeV; 1015 electronvolts) indicates the existence of the so-called PeVatrons—cosmic-ray factories that accelerate particles to PeV energies. We need to locate and identify such objects to find the origin of Galactic cosmic rays1. The principal signature of both electron and proton PeVatrons is ultrahigh-energy (exceeding 100 TeV) γ radiation. Evidence of the presence of a proton PeVatron has been found in the Galactic Centre, according to the detection of a hard-spectrum radiation extending to 0.04 PeV (ref. 2). Although γ-rays with energies slightly higher than 0.1 PeV have been reported from a few objects in the Galactic plane3–6, unbiased identification and in-depth exploration of PeVatrons requires detection of γ-rays with energies well above 0.1 PeV. Here we report the detection of more than 530 photons at energies above 100 teraelectronvolts and up to 1.4 PeV from 12 ultrahigh-energy γ-ray sources with a statistical significance greater than seven standard deviations. Despite having several potential counterparts in their proximity, including pulsar wind nebulae, supernova remnants and star-forming regions, the PeVatrons responsible for the ultrahigh-energy γ-rays have not yet been firmly localized and identified (except for the Crab Nebula), leaving open the origin of these extreme accelerators. Observations of γ-rays with energies up to 1.4 PeV find that 12 sources in the Galaxy are PeVatrons, one of which is the Crab Nebula.

Background Human skin, which is constantly exposed to solar ultraviolet radiation (UVR), has a unique ability to respond by increasing its pigmentation in a protective process driven by melanogenesis in human epidermal melanocytes (HEMs). However, the molecular mechanisms used by HEMs to detect and respond to UVR remain unclear. Objectives To investigate the function and potential mechanism of opsin 5 (OPN5), a photoreceptor responsive to UVR wavelengths, in melanogenesis in HEMs. Methods Melanin content in HEMs was determined using the NaOH method, and activity of tyrosinase (TYR) (a key enzyme in melanin synthesis) was determined by the l-DOPA method. OPN5 expression in UVR-treated vs. untreated HEMs and explant tissues was detected by reverse-transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR), Western blotting and immunofluorescence. Short interfering RNA-mediated OPN5 knockdown and a lentivirus OPN5 overexpression model were used to examine their respective effects on TYR, tyrosinase-related protein 1 (TRP1), TRP2 and microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF) expression, under UVR. Changes in expression of TYR, TRP1 and TRP2 caused by changes in OPN5 expression level were detected by RT-qPCR and Western blot. Furthermore, changes in signalling pathway proteins were assayed. Results We found that OPN5 is the key sensor in HEMs responsible for UVR-induced melanogenesis. OPN5-induced melanogenesis required Ca2+ -dependent G protein-coupled receptor- and protein kinase C signal transduction, thus contributing to the UVR-induced MITF response to mediate downstream cellular effects, and providing evidence of OPN5 function in mammalian phototransduction. Remarkably, OPN5 activation was necessary for UVR-induced increase in cellular melanin and has an inherent function in melanocyte melanogenesis. Conclusions Our results provide insight into the molecular mechanisms of UVR sensing and phototransduction in melanocytes, and may reveal molecular targets for preventing pigmentation or pigment diseases.

We theoretically study the Josephson effect in a superconductor/normal metal/superconductor junction based on Kekul\'e patterned graphene. For the Kekul\'e-O patterned junctions, a Fermi momentum-splitting Andreev reflection at the interface can be induced by the off-resonant circularly polarized light applied in the normal region, which results in the possible $\pi$-state. In contrast, for the Kekul\'e-Y patterned junctions, the Fermi momentum-splitting Andreev reflection is strongly suppressed due to the valley-momentum locking and the junction always exhibits the 0-state. The dependence of the critical current on the junction length and the illumination parameter of the light field is also presented in detail., Comment: 7 pages, 7 figures

The Macao Dementia Policy was recognized by Alzheimer Disease International as the 27th globally and one of the highest stage 5 to develop dementia friendly community and primary health professionals are in a pivotal position to enhance community-based dementia prevention and care quality. This study aimed to investigate the knowledge, attitude and preventive practice on dementia care among primary health professionals in Macao. A specially designed 30-item questionnaire was developed and validated for the study. The Content Validity Index (CVI) and Cronbach’s α of the questionnaire were 0.973 and 0.808. The questionnaires were distributed to all 375 primary health professionals from 8 Health Centers throughout Macao and 234 valid questionnaires (62.4%) were returned. The score for dementia care knowledge was 87.02+14.01; attitude was 69.52+5.83; preventive practice was 77.88+13.18, of which doctors (79.89+13.77) was significantly higher (t=2.29, p=0.023) than nurses (75.91+12.33). There were positive relationships between preventive practice and attitude (r=0.163, p=0.014), and age (r=0.212, p=0.002), and a negative relationship between knowledge and age (r=-0.139, p=0.040). These findings have significant implications that most primary health professionals in Macao had sufficient knowledge, a positive attitude and appropriate preventive practice on dementia care. However, enhanced dementia education to improve knowledge and preventive practice was a strong agenda for the training for senior staff and nurses.

本文报道1例发生于中年女性扁桃体的软斑病。患者女，43岁，因“右侧咽部异物感1个月余”就诊于福建医科大学附属第二医院。查体：右侧扁桃体Ⅱ度肿大，下极见一苍白乳头状肿物，表面凹凸不平，蒂部无法窥及。术前诊断扁桃体肿物，在全身麻醉下行低温等离子辅助下右侧扁桃体肿物切除术。术中见右侧扁桃体乳头状新生物，大小3.5 cm×2.1 cm×0.9 cm，下至扁桃体下极，部分累及舌根。术后病理诊断为软斑病。术后予盐酸莫西沙星片治疗，好转出院。1个月后：患者右侧咽部见一苍白乳头状肿物、颈部levelⅡ区可触及一肿物，大小3.5 cm×3 cm×2 cm。颈部CT平扫+增强：右颈部多发囊实性占位，考虑炎性改变可能。临床诊断：右侧咽部软斑病，右颈部肿物软斑病可能性大。予莫西沙星抗感染治疗后，右颈部肿痛好转，办理出院。出院1个月后随访，患者诉颈部肿痛复发，就诊外院（具体不详），之后患者失访。.

We report the control of Rashba spin-orbit interaction by tuning asymmetric hybridization between Ti orbitals at the LaAlO_{3}/SrTiO_{3} interface. This asymmetric orbital hybridization is modulated by introducing a LaFeO_{3} layer between LaAlO_{3} and SrTiO_{3}, which alters the Ti-O lattice polarization and traps interfacial charge carriers, resulting in a large Rashba spin-orbit effect at the interface in the absence of an external bias. This observation is verified through high-resolution electron microscopy, magnetotransport and first-principles calculations. Our results open hitherto unexplored avenues of controlling Rashba interaction to design next-generation spin orbitronics.

We theoretically investigate the electron-hole conversions in normal metal-superconductor junctions based on the Kekul\'e-Y (Kek-Y) patterned graphene. It is shown that, in contrast to the Klein tunneling in the pristine graphene, the perfect Andreev reflection with almost unit efficiency can be extended to a large range of incident angles in the Kek-Y patterned graphene in single-Dirac cone phase with the bias voltage in the gap. The normalized zero-bias conductance is also obtained.

Japanese Society for Cancer of the Colon and Rectum (JSCCR) guideline 2019 recommended that lymph node dissection for advanced rectal cancer should include the lymphatic adipose tissue at the root of the inferior mesenteric vessels, but the ligation site of the inferior mesenteric artery (IMA) was not determined, and the NCCN guideline did not indicate clearly whether to retain the left colonic artery (LCA). Controversy over whether to retain LCA is no more than whether it can reduce the incidence of anastomotic complications or postoperative functional damage without affecting the patients' oncological outcome. Focusing on the above problems, this paper reviews the latest research progress. In conclusion, it is believed that the advantages of retaining LCA are supported by most studies, which can improve the blood supply of the proximal anastomosis, and technically can achieve the same range of lymph node dissection as IMA high ligation. However, whether it affects the survival of patients, reduces the incidence of anastomotic leakage, and improves the quality of life of patients, more high-quality evidence-based medical evidence is still needed.2019年日本结直肠癌研究学会（JSCCR）指南推荐进展期直肠癌淋巴结清扫范围应包括肠系膜下血管根部淋巴脂肪组织，但并未明确肠系膜下动脉（IMA）结扎部位；美国国家综合癌症网络（NCCN）指南也未明确是否保留左结肠动脉（LCA）。是否保留LCA的争议主要集中在不影响患者肿瘤学结局的前提下，能否同时降低吻合口并发症发生率或术后功能损害。本文结合最新研究进展对上述问题进行评述，最终认为，保留LCA的优势被多数研究支持，可改善近端吻合口血供，技术上可达到与IMA高位结扎相同的淋巴结清扫范围，但是否影响患者生存、降低吻合口漏发生率以及改善患者生活质量，尚需更多高质量的循证医学证据。.

To develop a nomogram based on computed tomography (CT) texture analysis for the preoperative prediction of visceral pleural invasion in patients with cT1N0M0 lung adenocarcinoma.A dataset of chest CT containing lung nodules was collected from two institutions, and all surgically resected nodules were classified pathologically based on the presence of visceral pleural invasion. Each nodule on the CT image was segmented automatically by artificial-intelligence software and its CT texture features were extracted. The dataset was divided into training and external validation cohorts according to the institution, and a nomogram for predicting visceral pleural invasion was developed and validated.Of a total of 313 patients enrolled from two independent institutions, 63 were diagnosed with visceral pleural invasion. Three-dimensional (3D) CT long diameter, skewness, and sphericity, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease were identified as independent predictors for visceral pleural invasion by multivariable logistic regression. The nomogram based on multivariable logistic regression showed great discriminative ability, as indicated by a C-index of 0.890 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.867-0.914) and 0.864 (95% CI: 0.817-0.911) for the training and external validation cohorts, respectively. Additionally, calibration of the nomogram revealed good predictive ability, as indicated by the Brier score (0.108 and 0.100 for the training and external validation cohorts, respectively).A nomogram was developed that could compute the probability of visceral pleural invasion in patients with cT1N0M0 lung adenocarcinoma with good calibration and discrimination. The nomogram has potential as a reliable tool for clinical evaluation and decision-making.

Recently, the LHAASO Collaboration published the detection of 12 ultrahigh-energy γ-ray sources above 100 TeV, with the highest energy photon reaching 1.4 PeV. The first detection of PeV γ rays from astrophysical sources may provide a very sensitive probe of the effect of the Lorentz invariance violation (LIV), which results in decay of high-energy γ rays in the superluminal scenario and hence a sharp cutoff of the energy spectrum. Two highest energy sources are studied in this work. No signature of the existence of the LIV is found in their energy spectra, and the lower limits on the LIV energy scale are derived. Our results show that the first-order LIV energy scale should be higher than about 10^{5} times the Planck scale M_{Pl} and that the second-order LIV scale is10^{-3}M_{Pl}. Both limits improve by at least one order of magnitude the previous results.

42 cases with gastroesophageal varices were prospectively included. The groups were treated with endoscopic band ligation or combined with tissue adhesive. The results showed that the left gastric vein internal diameter, average blood flow velocity and blood flow volume after the treatment of band ligation combined with tissue adhesive were significantly lower than that of the treatment of band ligation alone, and the differences were statistically significant (前瞻性纳入42例胃食管静脉曲张患者资料，分组采用内镜下胶圈套扎或联合组织黏合剂治疗，结果显示套扎联合组织黏合剂治疗后胃左静脉内径、平均流速及血流量的下降趋势均比单纯胶圈套扎治疗明显，差异均有统计学意义（

This work investigates processes involved in the modification of palladium nanoparticles in polymer matrix nanocomposites (PMNCs) using continuous wave laser irradiation. Optical excitation of PMNC...

Sustainable intensification of agriculture is a pressing issue for the countries of Benin and Nigeria. Amaranth (Amaranthus cruentus L.), solanum (Solanum macrocarpum L.), fluted pumpkin (Telfairia occidentalis f. Hooke), and parsley (Ocimum gratissimum L.) have been identified as important indigenous vegetables with the potential to enhance food and household security in West Africa. An international collaboration known as MicroVeg was established in 2015 to scale up the production and consumption of these nutritious vegetables. Traditional agronomic field research has a relatively small spatial footprint; by using a geographic information system (GIS), we expanded the reach of MicroVeg research to a regional scale. A GIS database allows for data to be represented by varying methods and to create larger inference spaces. With GIS, we can use the data to infer areas which are similar to the characteristics of a site. GIS data were stored, analyzed, compared, and extrapolated to infer where scaling up of the MicroVeg agronomic package is likely to be most successful. GIS has enabled this project to expand potential areas from several research sites with an approximate total area of 50 hectares, to a potential extent exceeding 100,000 square kilometres for each crop, independently of seasonal variation. As it is a challenge to disseminate such information to audiences, we developed and implemented an interactive, online, database (termed webGIS) of agronomic trial data designed for use with minimal GIS knowledge. The results of this project will be important for policymakers and agronomists who are scaling up vegetable production in Benin and Nigeria.

Background and purpose Significant clinical recovery has commonly been observed in ischaemic stroke patients with irreversible brain structural damage. However, brain mechanisms that help to maintain clinical function remain unclear. Methods Sixty-two patients with acute ischaemic stroke underwent longitudinal clinical assessments and magnetic resonance scanning. The clinical recovery trajectory was evaluated using a hierarchical linear model and intrinsic connectivity was analysed with a seed-based approach to examine its changing pattern based on the regional volume changes calculated using voxel-wise analysis. Results It was observed that clinical outcome measures improved mainly in the short-term period (baseline versus 3 weeks) and then remained stable. Grey matter volume was reduced significantly in the bilateral caudate over the entire 3-year long-term period. Significant intrinsic connectivity increases were observed in the caudate-middle cingulum over the short-term period and in the caudate-precuneus and caudate-calcarine over the long-term period. Finally, it was found that increased caudate-calcarine connectivity was associated with reduced right caudate volume, and a positive correlation was found between increased caudate-middle cingulum connectivity and the amount of modified Rankin score changes. Conclusions The increased intrinsic connectivity found in this study tends to be a compensatory mechanism for post-stroke structural damage, associated with clinical recovery. The study helps in understanding the significance of enhanced intrinsic connectivity in post-stroke long-term assessment and rehabilitation.

Oxidation of nuclear graphites produces microstructural changes that affect the elastic moduli of these materials. It is widely accepted that the primary effect of oxidation is to increase porosity, but the related effect on the moduli cannot be explained satisfactorily by simply noting changes to porosity. In this work, models describing the elastic moduli of porous, polycrystalline graphite materials are developed to interpret experimental determinations of Young's modulus and shear modulus in two grades of nuclear graphite – IG-110 and NBG-18 – that were oxidized to produce varying levels of porosity. Experimental measurements were carried out using laser-based ultrasonic methods and were interpreted successfully using models that take into account the effects of preferential oxidation of different elements of the graphite microstructure. The results indicate the importance of the processes that lead to increased porosity since these can heavily influence the nature of the resulting structure-property relationships.

We report the discovery of an extended very-high-energy (VHE) gamma-ray source around the location of the middle-aged (207.8 kyr) pulsar PSR J0622+3749 with the Large High-Altitude Air Shower Observatory (LHAASO). The source is detected with a significance of 8.2σ for E25 TeV assuming a Gaussian template. The best-fit location is (right ascension, declination) =(95.47°±0.11°,37.92°±0.09°), and the extension is 0.40°±0.07°. The energy spectrum can be described by a power-law spectrum with an index of -2.92±0.17_{stat}±0.02_{sys}. No clear extended multiwavelength counterpart of the LHAASO source has been found from the radio to sub-TeV bands. The LHAASO observations are consistent with the scenario that VHE electrons escaped from the pulsar, diffused in the interstellar medium, and scattered the interstellar radiation field. If interpreted as the pulsar halo scenario, the diffusion coefficient, inferred for electrons with median energies of ∼160 TeV, is consistent with those obtained from the extended halos around Geminga and Monogem and much smaller than that derived from cosmic ray secondaries. The LHAASO discovery of this source thus likely enriches the class of so-called pulsar halos and confirms that high-energy particles generally diffuse very slowly in the disturbed medium around pulsars.

A Geant4-based simulation framework for rare event searching experiments with germanium detectors named SAGE is presented with details. It is designed for simulating, assessing background distribution, and investigating the response of the germanium detectors. The SAGE framework incorporates its experiment-specific geometries and custom attributes, including the event generators, physics lists and output format, to satisfy various simulation objectives. Its docker image has been prepared for virtualizing and distributing the SAGE framework. Deployment of a Geant4-based simulation will be convenient under this docker image. The implemented geometries include p-type point contact and broad energy germanium detectors with environmental surroundings, and these hierarchical geometries can be easily extended. Users select these custom attributes via the JSON configuration files. The aforementioned attributes satisfy the simulation demands and make SAGE a generic and powerful simulation framework for the CDEX experiment., Comment: 12 pages, 5 figures