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In general, the polysulfone (PSf) membranes are popular choices for water treatment because they have high thermal stability and good chemical resistance. On the other hand, the filtration capacity of the polysulfone membrane is limited because of its low water flux and poor antifouling ability, which are caused by the low surface hydrophilicity of the membranes. In this research, blending of graphene oxide (GO) or graphene oxide-titanium dioxide (GO-TiO2) mixture into the polysulfone matrix had been carried out through the phase inversion method to enhance the hydrophilic and antifouling properties. Methods such as energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and water contact angle measurement were used to examine the surface properties of the prepared membranes. Experimental results have led to a conclusion that graphene oxide can be stabilized into prepared membranes, and then, by reducing the water contact angle values, the surface of these membranes becomes hydrophilic, which increases the permeability and the water flux of methylene blue from the aqueous feed solution, improving the membrane’s antifouling resistance.

Special Issue: Experimental and CFD Investigations of Biomass Thermochemical Conversion ispartof: Chemical Engineering & Technology vol:42 issue:12 pages:2691-2699 status: published

A benzothiazolium-derived colorimetric and fluorescent chemosensor (L) for mercury ions has been prepared. The detection limits of the colorimetric and fluorescent method are 15.3 and 11.8 ppb, respectively, much lower than the reported chemosensors based on similar derivatives of benzothiazolium. The optimized molecular structures, absorption and fluorescence characteristics of the chemosensor and its complex with mercury ions were performed using calculations at the B3LYP/LanL2DZ level of theory, in combination with Atoms in Molecules and Natural Bond Orbitals analyses.

A new dansyl–diethylenetriamine–thiourea conjugate (DT) was prepared as a highly selective and sensitive fluorescent chemodosimeter for Hg2+ ions. A Hg2+-induced desulfurization reaction followed b...

The mesostructured lamellar phases with the general formula [CnH2n+1N(CH3)3]3[Fe(CN)6] (n = 14, 16, 18) were prepared by ion-exchange/precipitation reaction of alkyltrimethylammonium surfactants and K3[Fe(CN)6] complex in aqueous medium. The phases were characterized using powder X-ray diffraction, high-resolution transmission electron microscopy, IR spectroscopy, thermogravimetric, and differential scanning calorimetry means. The results obtained all support a proposed model of crystal structure for these materials, in which the layers are constructed by monolayer of the discrete complex molecules, and the surfactants tails of opposite head groups deeply penetrate and arrange with a tilt angle of 63°.

We synthesized new mesostructured materials through the surfactant-templated assembly of octahedral rhenium cluster [Re6Q8(CN)6]4– (Q = Te, Se and S) anions. The mesostructured lamellar phases with the general formula [CnH2n+1N(CH3)3]4[Re6Q8(CN)6] (n = 14, 16, 18; Q = Te, Se, S; 1: n = 14, Q = Te; 2: n = 16, Q = Te; 3: n = 18, Q = Te; 4: n = 16, Q = Se; 5: n = 16, Q = S) were prepared by an ion exchange/precipitation reaction of alkyltrimethylammonium surfactants and the corresponding cluster K4[Re6Q8(CN)6] in an H2O/acetone medium at room temperature. The orange plate-like crystals of 1 and 4 were obtained by slow concentration of their solutions and their crystal structures determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. In the structure, the rhenium clusters form layers with a pseudo-hexagonal arrangement, and these inorganic layers are separated by a bilayer of interdigitated surfactant cations. Compounds 1–5 were characterized using powder X-ray diffraction, TEM, IR, Raman, FL, UV/Vis spectroscopy, and thermogravimetric analysis.(© Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2008)

A new nonoxidic mesostructured material with highly ordered hexagonal symmetry, [C(16)H(33)N(CH(3))(3)](3)Mn(0.5)[Re(6)Te(8)(CN)(6)], has been obtained through supramolecular assembly of [Re(6)Te(8)(CN)(6)](4-) clusters in the presence of a transition metal cation, Mn(2+), with cetyltrimethylammonium bromide as a liquid crystal template under hydrothermal conditions.

We study the intermediate phases and their evolution during crystallization of Aluminophosphate molecular sieves. In this work, the behaviors of the initial gel and the evolution of the intermediate phases during crystallization of AlPO4-5 molecular sieve using triethylamine as a template have been investigated. It has been shown that in the amorphous aluminophosphate gel phases, template triethylamine does exist in protonated form; and there appear a significant change, formation of 12-member rings of AlPO4-5 structure, during the early stage of crystallization of AlPO4-5. In addition, a proposition to explain the crystallization of AlPO4-5 is also suggested.