Search

OBJECTIVE To describe the etiologies, clinicopathologic findings, diagnostic modalities employed, treatments, and outcome associated with cases of septic bicipital bursitis. ANIMALS 9 horses. CLINICAL PRESENTATION AND PROCEDURES Medical records of horses diagnosed with septic bicipital bursitis between 2000 and 2021 were reviewed. Horses were included if synoviocentesis of the bicipital bursa revealed a total nucleated cell count of ≥ 20,000 cells/µL with a neutrophil proportion of ≥ 80%, a total protein concentration of ≥ 4.0 g/dL, and/or the presence of bacteria on cytology, or positive culture of the synovial fluid. Information retrieved from medical records included signalment, history, clinicopathologic variables, diagnostic imaging findings, treatment, and outcome. RESULTS Trauma was the most common inciting cause (n = 6). Synoviocentesis using ultrasonographic guidance was performed in all cases and showed alterations consistent with septic synovitis. Radiography identified pathology in 5 horses, whereas ultrasonography identified pathology in all horses. Treatment consisted of bursoscopy (n = 6) of the bicipital bursa of which 1 was performed under standing sedation, through-and-through needle lavage (3), bursotomy (2), or medical management alone (2). Five (55.6%) horses survived to discharge. Long-term follow-up was available for 3 horses and all were serviceably sound, with 2 in training as pleasure horses and 1 case continuing retirement. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Ultrasonography was the most informative imaging modality and paramount in obtaining synovial fluid samples for definitive diagnosis of septic bicipital bursitis. Bursoscopy performed under standing sedation is a feasible treatment option. Horses treated for bicipital septic bursitis have a fair prognosis for survival and may return to some level of athletic performance.

Odontogenic neoplasms demonstrate unique histopathological features and are thought to arise from the germinal tissues of the developing tooth germ, effectively restricting their anatomic origin to the tooth-bearing regions of the jaw and directly associated soft tissues of the oral cavity. Ectopic odontogenic-like neoplasms located in the skin of cats, rabbits, and human beings challenge these assumptions. Here we describe the clinical, pathological, and immunohistochemical features of 6 spontaneously occurring odontogenic-like neoplasms arising in the cutaneous tissue of the cheek in client-owned pet rabbits, including ameloblastoma-like (n = 3), ameloblastic fibroma-like (n = 2), and ameloblastic carcinoma-like neoplasms (n = 1). Microscopically, all the cheek tumors featured neoplastic epithelium exhibiting odontogenic architectural structures (plexiform ribbons, anastomosing trabeculae, follicles, cysts, and irregular structures with rounded botryoid protuberances) and 1 or more cardinal odontogenic epithelial features (basal palisading, antibasilar nuclei, and central stellate reticulum–like cells). The pancytokeratin, cytokeratin 5/6, cytokeratin 14, and vimentin immunohistochemical patterns of these odontogenic-like lesions were most similar to those of jaw-associated ameloblastoma and differed from those of cutaneous trichoblastoma. All neoplasms were narrowly excised, and for lesions with clinical follow-up information, none had evidence of recurrence 1–7 months after surgical removal. Although evidence suggests that these odontogenic-like tumors of the rabbit cheek may be derived from ectopic rests of transformed tooth germ, the histogenesis of these lesions remains unresolved.

Raccoons ( Procyon lotor) are abundant in urban/wildland interfaces and are key sources of canine distemper virus (CDV) outbreaks in domestic, zoo, and free-ranging wildlife species. CDV is pantropic, which provides multiple potential routes of transmission (urine, respiratory secretions, feces), but the specific role of skin as a target of infection, as a diagnostic sample, or as a potential source of environmental persistence and transmission is unknown. We have characterized the distribution of CDV and its known receptor, nectin-4, in skin samples of 36 raccoons. Even with skin samples that were grossly and histologically normal, immunohistochemistry of skin was useful in the diagnosis of CDV infection, which was found in both epithelium and endothelium. Nectin-4 was codistributed with cellular targets of viral infection. Skin secretions, shed keratinocytes, and hair of CDV infected raccoons are all potential environmental fomites.

Background:Polyautoimmunity is the expression of more than one autoimmune disease in a single patient. This report documents polyautoimmunity in a mixed breed dog with concurrent uveitis, cutaneous depigmentation, and polymyositis. Case presentation: A 1-year-old male neutered mixed breed dog was presented for progressive generalized leukotrichia and leukoderma, bilateral panuveitis, and masticatory muscle atrophy. The latter progressed to myositis of lingual, pharyngeal, and masticatory muscles confirmed by biopsy. Temporalis muscle was completely replaced by adipose and fibrous tissue, and necrotic myofibers with extensive infiltration of mononuclear cells indicated active myositis of lingual muscle. Skin biopsies showed severe melanin clumping in epidermis, hair follicles, and hair shafts, and perifollicular pigmentary incontinence. Uveitis, depigmentation, and polymyositis were diagnosed based on clinical, histological, and laboratory findings. Conclusions:To the authors’ knowledge, this is the first report of concurrent uveitis, progressive cutaneous depigmentation, and polymyositis involving the masticatory muscles in a dog.

Spontaneously arisen hereditary diseases in domestic animals provide an excellent opportunity to study the physiological functions of the altered genes. We investigated two 4-month-old sibling domestic short haired kittens with dry dark debris around the eyes, nose, and ears, dark crusting on the legs and a thin poor hair coat. Skin biopsies revealed abnormal sebaceous gland morphology with lack of normal sebocyte arrangement and differentiation. Hair follicles had a distorted silhouette, interpreted as a change secondary to the observed sebaceous gland dysplasia. Whole genome sequencing on both affected kittens and 65 genetically diverse feline genomes was performed. Filtering for variants that were present in both kittens but absent from the control genomes revealed a homozygous missense variant in SOAT1, encoding sterol O-acyltransferase 1. The protein is localized in the endoplasmic reticulum and catalyzes the formation of cholesteryl esters, an essential component of sebum and meibum. The identified SOAT1:c.1531G > A variant is predicted to change a highly conserved glycine residue within the last transmembrane domain of SOAT1, p.Gly511Arg. In mice, variants in Soat1 or complete knockout of the gene lead to the “hair interior defect” (hid) or abnormal Meibomian glands, respectively. SOAT1:c.1531G > A represents a plausible candidate variant for the observed sebaceous gland dysplasia in both kittens of this study. The variant was not present in 10 additional cats with a similar clinical and histopathological phenotype suggesting genetic heterogeneity. SOAT1 variants should be considered as potential cause in hereditary sebaceous gland dysplasias of humans and domestic animals.

Altres ajuts: Center for Companion Animal Health (CCAH) at UC Davis 2013-35-R siso Soft-tissue sarcomas are classified as nerve sheath tumors if originating within nerves. However, tumors of the nerves still pose a frequent challenge for diagnostic veterinary pathologists since identifying nerve histomorphology based only on the examination of hematoxylin-and-eosin-stained sections is often insufficient. In addition, there are no robust tumor-related biomarkers for a reliable diagnosis of nerve sheath tumors. Improving the anatomo-pathological diagnosis of nerve sheath tumors will contribute to a more accurate classification of soft-tissue sarcomas and their prognosis, ultimately aiding clinicians in making informed decisions for their patients. This current immunohistochemical study explores a combined panel of laminin, Sox-10 and periaxin-1 as an ancillary diagnostic approach to confirm the diagnosis of suspect nerve sheath tumors. The study demonstrates that this panel discriminates reliably between soft-tissue subtypes such as nerve sheath tumors and perivascular wall tumors. Benign and malignant nerve sheath tumors (NST) pose a major challenge in routine diagnostic anatomic pathology because of shared histomorphological features with other soft-tissue tumors (STT). As a result, NST are often diagnosed as STT, a broad category that encompasses various entities including perivascular wall tumors (PWT) and that represents approximately 15% of all skin tumors in dogs. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) can assist the identification of histologic subtypes of STT. This IHC pilot study applies various markers largely expressed by peripheral nerves to twelve benign and six malignant NST and determines the intratumoral protein expression of laminin, periaxin-1, Sox-10 and S-100 in the NST subtypes. Furthermore, this study assesses the usefulness of peripheral nerve markers applied to diagnostic work cases and demonstrates the relevance of laminin expression patterns, periaxin-1 and Sox-10 in assisting the differentiation of NST from other STT, in particular from PWT.

Pigment production and distribution is controlled through multiple genes, resulting in a wide range of coat color phenotypes in dogs. Dogs that produce only the pheomelanin pigment vary in intensity from white to deep red. The Poodle breed has a wide range of officially recognized coat colors, including the pheomelanin-based white, cream, apricot, and red coat colors, which are not fully explained by the previously identified genetic variants involved in pigment intensity. Here, a genome-wide association study for pheomelanin intensity was performed in Poodles which identified an association on canine chromosome 18. Whole-genome sequencing data revealed an SNN retrocopy insertion (SNNL1) in apricot and red Poodles within the associated region on chromosome 18. While equal numbers of melanocytes were observed in all Poodle skin hair bulbs, higher melanin content was observed in the darker Poodles. Several genes involved in melanogenesis were also identified as highly overexpressed in red Poodle skin. The most differentially expressed gene however was GPR22, which was highly expressed in red Poodle skin while unexpressed in white Poodle skin (log2 fold change in expression 6.1, P

Raccoons (

Tumour stage has been demonstrated to have prognostic significance in canine oral malignant melanoma (OMM). Various evaluation techniques of positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) have been reported for staging of head-and-neck tumours in people, but canine-specific data are limited, and reports for CT accuracy have been variable. In this prospective study, the head/neck of client-owned dogs with cytologically or histologically diagnosed OMM were imaged with 18 Fluorine-fluorodeoxyglucose (18 F-FDG) PET/ CT. Bilateral mandibular lymphadenectomy was performed for histopathologic assessment. Two evaluation techniques for CT and PET were applied by four independent observers. CT evaluation utilized both a standardized grading scheme and a subjective clinical interpretation. PET evaluation was first performed solely on 18 F-FDG-uptake in lymph nodes compared to background on a truncated scan excluding the oral cavity. Subsequently, the entire head/neck scan and standardized uptake value (SUV) measurements were available. Receiver operating characteristic analysis was performed with histopathology as gold standard. Twelve dogs completed the study and metastatic OMM was identified in six mandibular lymph nodes from five dogs. Of the CT-interpretation techniques, use of clinical grading performed best (sensitivity = 83% and specificity = 94%). Both PET techniques resulted in 100% sensitivity, but primary tumour site evaluation and use of SUV increased specificity from 78% to 94%. The SUVmax cut-point, 3.3, led to 100% sensitivity and 83% specificity. In this population of dogs, PET appeared to be highly sensitive but at risk of being less specific without use of appropriate parameters and thresholds.

Canine non-neoplastic aural polypoid masses (APMs) are uncommon, with few published studies.The aim of this retrospective study was to characterise the clinical presentation, diagnostic imaging and histopathological results for APMs submitted as aural inflammatory polyps (AIPs).Twenty dogs with APMs evaluated at a veterinary teaching hospital.Cases were selected by searching computerised medical records from 2000 to 2020, using keywords 'canine', 'aural/otic polyp' and 'aural/otic inflammatory mass'. Histological samples and medical records were reviewed.In 14 of 20 dogs, external ear canal masses were characterised by keratinised squamous epithelium with or without adnexa. Tympanic bulla origin was confirmed in four of 20 dogs by the presence of cuboidal to ciliated columnar epithelium, with or without squamous epithelium. The site of origin could not be determined in two dogs. Diagnostic imaging (MRI or CT) confirmed APM presence in 14 of 20 dogs. Otitis media was diagnosed in four of four tympanic bulla APMs and seven of 13 ear canal APMs. In 18 of 20 dogs, debulking, traction avulsion, and total ear canal ablation and bulla osteotomy led to APM resolution in two of eight, four of six and four of four dogs, respectively.Type of epithelium was a key feature in determining the APM origin, and interpretation in conjunction with video otoscopy and diagnostic imaging was crucial. Canine APMs more commonly arose from the ear canal. Tympanic bulla APMs and APMs of undetermined origin were comparable to feline AIPs. Regardless of APM origin site, debulking had the greatest likelihood of recurrence.Les polypes auriculaires non néoplasiques du chien (APM) sont rares, avec peu d'études publiées.Le but de cette étude rétrospective était de caractériser la présentation clinique, l'imagerie diagnostique et les résultats histopathologiques des APM soumis comme polypes inflammatoires auriculaires (AIP).Vingt chiens atteints de APM évalués dans un hôpital d'enseignement vétérinaire. MÉTHODES: Les cas ont été sélectionnés en recherchant des dossiers médicaux informatisés de 2000 à 2020, en utilisant les mots-clés "canine", "polype auditif/otique" et "masse inflammatoire auditive/otique". Des échantillons histologiques et des dossiers médicaux ont été examinés. RÉSULTATS: Chez 14 des 20 chiens, les masses du conduit auditif externe étaient caractérisées par un épithélium pavimenteux kératinisé avec ou sans annexe. L'origine de la bulle tympanique a été confirmée chez quatre des 20 chiens par la présence d'épithélium cylindrique cubique à cilié, avec ou sans épithélium squameux. Le site d'origine n'a pas pu être déterminé chez deux chiens. L'imagerie diagnostique (IRM ou CT) a confirmé la présence d'APM chez 14 des 20 chiens. L'otite moyenne a été diagnostiquée dans quatre des quatre APM de la bulle tympanique et sept des 13 APM du conduit auditif. Chez 18 des 20 chiens, le débridement, l'avulsion par traction, l'ablation totale du conduit auditif et l'ostéotomie de la bulle ont conduit respectivement à la résolution de l'APM chez deux des huit, quatre des six et quatre des quatre chiens.Le type d'épithélium était un élément clé dans la détermination de l'origine de l'APM, et l'interprétation en conjonction avec la vidéo otoscopie et l'imagerie diagnostique était cruciale. Les APM canines provenaient plus souvent du conduit auditif. Les APM des bulles tympaniques et les APM d'origine indéterminée étaient comparables aux AIP félins. Indépendamment du site d'origine de l'APM, le débridement avait la plus grande probabilité de récidive.INTRODUCCIÓN: Las masas polipoides aurales no neoplásicas caninas (APMs) son poco comunes, con pocos estudios publicados.El objetivo de este estudio retrospectivo fue caracterizar la presentación clínica, el diagnóstico por imágenes y los resultados histopatológicos de los APMs presentados como pólipos inflamatorios aurales (AIPs).Veinte perros con APMs evaluados en un hospital de enseñanza veterinaria. MÉTODOS: los casos se seleccionaron mediante la búsqueda de historiales clínicos computarizados de 2000 a 2020, utilizando las palabras clave "canino", "pólipo aural/ótico" y "masa inflamatoria aural/ótica". Se revisaron muestras histológicas e historiales clínicos.En 14 de 20 perros, las masas del conducto auditivo externo se caracterizaron por epitelio escamoso queratinizado con o sin anexos. El origen en la bulla timpánica se confirmó en cuatro de 20 perros por la presencia de epitelio cuboidal a columnar ciliado, con o sin epitelio escamoso. No se pudo determinar el sitio de origen en dos perros. Las imágenes de diagnóstico (MRI o CT) confirmaron la presencia de APMs en 14 de 20 perros. Se diagnosticó otitis media en cuatro de las cuatro APMs de la bulla timpánica y en siete de las 13 APMs del canal auditivo. En 18 de 20 perros, la citorreducción, la avulsión por tracción y la ablación total del canal auditivo y la osteotomía de la bulla condujeron a la resolución de la APMs en dos de ocho, cuatro de seis y cuatro de cuatro perros, respectivamente. CONCLUSIONES E IMPORTANCIA CLÍNICA: El tipo de epitelio fue una característica clave para determinar el origen de la APMs, y la interpretación junto con la videootoscopia y el diagnóstico por imágenes fue crucial. Las APMs caninas surgieron más comúnmente en el canal auditivo. Las APMs de la bulla timpánica y las APMs de origen indeterminado fueron comparables a las AIPs felinas. Independientemente del sitio de origen de la APM, la citorreducción tuvo la mayor probabilidad de recurrencia.Nicht-neoplastische aurale polypoide Massen (APMs) kommen beim Hund nicht selten vor, wobei es nur wenige publizierte Studien gibt.Das Ziel dieser retrospektiven Studie war eine Charakterisierung der klinischen Präsentation, der bildgebenden Diagnostik und der histopathologischen Ergebnisse für APMs, die als aurale entzündliche Polypen (AIPs) eingesendet worden waren.Zwanzig Hunde mit APMs, die in einem veterinärmedizinischen Trainingszentrum evaluiert worden waren.Die Fälle wurden mittels einer digitalen Suche der medizinischen Dateien, die zwischen 2000 und 2020 angelegt wurden, ausgewählt. Die verwendeten Schlüsselwörter waren „canine“, „aural/otischer Polyp“ und „aural/otische entzündliche Umfangsvermehrung“. Es wurden histologische Proben und medizinische Patientenkarteien durchgesehen.Bei 14 der 20 Hunde waren die äußeren Ohrkanalmassen charakterisiert durch keratinisiertes Plattenepithel mit oder ohne Adnexa. Bei vier der 20 Hunde wurde der Ursprung in der tympanischen Bulla bestätigt, da kubisches bis zylindrisches Epithel mit Zilien, mit oder ohne Plattenepithel vorlag. Mittels bildgebender Diagnostik (MRI oder CT) wurde bei 14 der 20 Hunde das Vorliegen von APM bestätigt. Eine Otitis media wurde bei vier der vier APMs der tympanischen Bulla und bei sieben der 13 APMs des Ohrkanals diagnostiziert. Bei 18 der 20 Hunde führte ein Abtragen der Masse, eine Traktionsavulsion, bzw. eine totale Ablation des Gehörgangs und eine Bulla Osteotomie zur völligen Abheilung bei zwei von acht, vier von sechs bzw. vier von vier Hunden.Der Epitheltyp war ein Schlüsselmerkmal bei der Bestimmung des Ursprungs der APMs und eine Interpretation in Verbindung mit Video Otoskopie und bildgebender Diagnostik war essenziell. Die APMs der Hunde entstanden am häufigsten aus dem Ohrkanal. Die APMs der tympanischen Bullae und die APMs unbestimmter Herkunft waren mit den APMs bei Katzen vergleichbar. Ein Abtragen der Massen bedeutete bei allen APMs, egal welcher Herkunft, die größte Wahrscheinlichkeit eines Wiederauftretens.背景: 犬の非腫瘍性耳道内ポリープ(APM)はまれであり、発表された研究はほとんどない。 目的: 本回顧的研究の目的は、耳道内炎症性ポリープ(AIP)として提出されたAPMの臨床像、画像診断、病理組織学的結果の特徴を明らかにすることであった。 対象動物: 動物教育病院で評価された APM を持つ 20 頭の犬。 方法: 2000年から2020年にかけて、"犬"、"耳・耳ポリープ"、"耳・耳炎症性腫瘤 "のキーワードでコンピューター診療記録を検索し、症例を抽出した。組織学的標本と診療記録を検討した。 結果: 20頭中14頭において、外耳道腫瘤は附属器を伴う、あるいは伴わない、角化扁平上皮を特徴とした。 20頭中4頭では、扁平上皮の有無にかかわらず立方から線毛を有する円柱上皮を認め、鼓膜腔由来であることが確認された。2頭では発生部位の特定ができなかった。画像診断(MRIまたはCT)により、20頭中14頭でAPMの存在が確認された。中耳炎は、鼓膜腔のAPM4例中4例、外耳道APM13例中7例で診断された。20頭中18頭において，減容積手術、牽引剥離、外耳道全摘出および鼓室骨切り術により、それぞれ8頭中2頭、6頭中4頭、4頭中4頭でAPMが消失した。 結論と臨床的重要性: 上皮の種類はAPMの起源を決定する上で重要な特徴であり、ビデオオトスコープ検査や画像診断と併せた解釈が重要であった。犬のAPMは外耳道から発生することがより一般的であった。鼓膜腔のAPMと起源が未確定のAPMはネコのAIPと同等であった。APMの発生部位に関係なく、減容積手術が最も再発の可能性が高かった。.背景: 犬非肿瘤性耳息肉样肿块 (APM) 不常见，发表的研究很少。 目的: 本回顾性研究的目的是描述作为耳炎性息肉 (AIPs) 提交的 APMs 的临床表现、诊断成像和组织病理学结果。 动物: 在兽医教学医院评价了20只APM 患犬。 方法: 过检索2000~2020年计算机化病历，以“犬”、“耳/耳息肉”和“耳/耳炎性肿块”为关键词，选择病例，回顾组织学样本和病历。 结果: 在20只犬的14只中，外耳道肿块的特征是有或无附件的角化鳞状上皮。20只犬中的4只通过存在立方至纤毛柱状上皮(伴或不伴鳞状上皮)证实了鼓室大疱起源。无法确定两只犬的来源部位。诊断成像(MRI或CT)证实20只犬中有14只存在APM。4例鼓室大疱 APM 中有4例诊断为中耳炎，13例耳道 APM 中有7例诊断为中耳炎。在20只犬的18只中，减瘤术、撕脱术、全耳道消融和大疱截骨术分别使于8只犬中的2只、6只犬中的4只和4只犬中的4只 ，以使APM 消退。 结论和临床重要性: 上皮类型是确定 APM 起源的关键特征，结合耳内镜和诊断成像进行判读至关重要。犬 APM 更常见于耳道。鼓室大疱 APMs 和不明来源的 APMs 与猫 AIPs 相当。无论 APM 起源部位如何，减瘤复发的可能性最大。.Massas polipoides aurais não neoplásicas (MPAs) são incomuns e existem poucos estudos publicados.O objetivo deste estudo retrospectivo foi caracterizar a apresentação clínica, diagnóstico por imagem e resultados de exames histopatológicos para MPAs submetidos como pólipos inflamatórios aurais (PIAs).Vinte cães com MPAs avaliados em um hospital veterinário universitário. MÉTODOS: Os casos foram selecionados por uma busca nos prontuários eletrônicos de 200 a 2020, utilizando as palavras-chave “canino”, “pólipo aural/ótico” e massa inflamatória aural/ótica. Amostras histológicas e prontuários foram revisados.Em 14 dos 20 cães, as massas no conduto auditivo externo foram caracterizadas como epitélio escamoso queratinizado com ou sem anexos. Origem em bula timpânica foi confirmada em quatro de 20 cães pela presença de epitélio colunar cuboidal a ciliado, com ou sem epitélio escamoso. Não foi possível determinar o local de origem em dois cães. Exames de imagem (TC ou RM) confirmaram a presença de MPA em 14 de 20 cães. Otite média foi diagnosticada em quatro de quatro MPAs de bula timpânica e sete de 13 MPAs de conduto auditivo. Em 18 de 20 cães, redução tumoral, avulsão por tração, e ablação total do conduto auditivo e osteotomia da bula timpânica levou à resolução em dois de oito, quatro de seis e quatro de quatro cães, respectivamente. CONCLUSÕES E IMPORTÂNCIA CLÍNICA: O tipo de epitélio foi uma característica chave na determinação da origem do MPA, e a interpretação em conjunto com a videotoscopia e exame de imagem foi crucial. Os MAPs caninos mais comumente se originam do conduto auditivo. Os MAPs de bula timpânica e MAPs de origem não determinada foram comparáveis aos PIAs felinos. Independente da origem, a redução tumoral teve a maior probabilidade de recorrência.

Necrotising fasciitis (NF) is a rare, rapidly progressive subcutaneous bacterial infection. Few studies have characterised NF in dogs.To retrospectively describe clinical and laboratory findings, with treatments and outcomes, in dogs with NF.Twenty-three client-owned dogs treated at a veterinary teaching hospital between 1998 and 2021.Medical records and laboratory data from 23 dogs diagnosed with NF were reviewed.Male dogs were significantly over-represented (p = 0.003). The most common presenting complaint was sudden lameness. Infection occurred in one or two limbs in 19 of 23 dogs, with right hindlimbs most often affected (13 of 23). Pitting oedema was evident in 14 of 23 dogs. Antibiotic and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs were administered before presentation in nine and 13 of 23 dogs, respectively. Common clinicopathological abnormalities included hypoalbuminemia, hyponatremia, elevated liver enzymes, elevated creatine kinase, increased bands and lymphopenia. Streptococcus canis was isolated from 18 of 23 dogs. Histopathological features included acute necrosis and severe neutrophilic inflammation. Fifteen dogs were euthanised or died, while surgical intervention led to survival in eight of 23 dogs.Dogs presenting for acute swelling of a limb with oedema should have the diagnosis of NF considered and early surgical intervention might increase survival.La fasciite nécrosante (NF) est une infection bactérienne sous-cutanée rare et rapidement progressive. Peu d'études ont caractérisé la NF chez le chien. HYPOTHÈSE/OBJECTIFS: Décrire rétrospectivement les résultats cliniques et de laboratoire, avec les traitements et les résultats, chez les chiens atteints de NF.23 chiens de propriétaires traités dans un hôpital universitaire vétérinaire entre 1998 et 2021. MATÉRIELS ET MÉTHODES: Les dossiers médicaux et les données de laboratoire de 23 chiens diagnostiqués avec NF ont été examinés. RÉSULTATS: Les chiens mâles étaient significativement sur-représentés (p = 0,003). Le motif de consultation le plus fréquente était une boiterie soudaine. L'infection s'est produite dans un ou deux membres chez 19 des 23 chiens, les membres postérieurs droits étant le plus souvent touchés (13 sur 23). L'œdème piquant était évident chez 14 des 23 chiens. Des antibiotiques et des anti-inflammatoires non stéroïdiens ont été administrés avant la présentation chez neuf et 13 des 23 chiens respectivement. Les anomalies clinicopathologiques courantes comprenaient l'hypoalbuminémie, l'hyponatrémie, l'élévation des enzymes hépatiques, l'élévation de la créatine kinase, l'augmentation des bandes et la lymphopénie. Streptococcus canis a été isolé chez 18 des 23 chiens. Les caractéristiques histopathologiques comprenaient une nécrose aiguë et une inflammation neutrophile sévère. Quinze chiens ont été euthanasiés ou sont morts, tandis qu'une intervention chirurgicale a permis la survie de huit des 23 chiens.Les chiens se présentant pour un gonflement aigu d'un membre avec œdème doivent faire envisager le diagnostic de NF et une intervention chirurgicale précoce pourrait augmenter la survie.INTRODUCCIÓN: La fascitis necrotizante (NF) es una infección bacteriana subcutánea rara y rápidamente progresiva. Pocos estudios han caracterizado la NF en perros. HIPÓTESIS/OBJETIVOS: Describir retrospectivamente los hallazgos clínicos y de laboratorio, con tratamientos y resultados, en perros con NF. ANIMALES: 23 perros de propietarios particulares tratados en un hospital universitario veterinario entre 1998 y 2021. MATERIALES Y MÉTODOS: Se revisaron las historias clínicas y datos de laboratorio de 23 perros diagnosticados con NF. RESULTADOS: Los perros macho estuvieron significativamente sobrerrepresentados (p = 0,003). La causa de presentación más común fue cojera repentina. La infección ocurrió en una o dos extremidades en 19 de 23 perros, siendo las extremidades traseras derechas las más afectadas (13 de 23). Edema difuso fue evidente en 14 de 23 perros. Se administraron antibióticos y antiinflamatorios no esteroideos antes de la presentación en nueve y 13 de 23 perros, respectivamente. Las anomalías clinicopatológicas más comunes incluyeron hipoalbuminemia, hiponatremia, enzimas hepáticas elevadas, creatina quinasa elevada, aumento de neutrófilos en banda y linfopenia. Se aisló Streptococcus canis de 18 de 23 perros. Las características histopatológicas incluyeron necrosis aguda e inflamación neutrofílica severa. Quince perros fueron sacrificados humanitariamente o murieron, mientras que la intervención quirúrgica condujo a la supervivencia en ocho de 23 perros. CONCLUSIONES Y RELEVANCIA CLÍNICA: en los perros que se presentan por inflamación aguda de una extremidad con edema se debe tener en cuenta el diagnóstico de NF y la intervención quirúrgica temprana podría aumentar la supervivencia.Die nekrotisierende Fasziitis (NF) ist eine seltene, rasch fortschreitende subkutane bakterielle Infektion. Es gibt nur wenige Studien, die eine NF bei Hunden beschreiben.Eine retrospektive Beschreibung klinischer und laboratorischer Befunde, mit Therapie und Behandlungsergebnissen bei Hunden mit NF.23 Hunde in Privatbesitz, die in einem Veterinärmedizinischen Schulungszentrum zwischen 1998 und 2021 behandelt worden waren.Es wurden die medizinischen und die Laborbefunde von 23 Hunden, die mit einer NF diagnostiziert worden waren, durchgesehen.Männliche Hunde waren signifikant überrepräsentiert (p = 0,003). Am häufigsten wurden die Hunde mit einer plötzlichen Lahmheit vorgestellt. Bei 19 von 23 Hunden trat in einer oder in zwei Extremitäten eine Infektion auf, wobei das rechte Hinterbein am häufigsten betroffen war (13 von 23). Ein Pitting Ödem war bei 14 von 23 Hunden vorhanden. Bevor die Hunde vorgestellt wurden, wurden bei 9 bzw 13 der 23 Hunde antibiotische bzw nichtsteroidale entzündungshemmende Medikamente verabreicht. Häufige klinisch-pathologische Veränderungen waren Hypoalbuminämie, Hyponaträmie, erhöhte Leberenzymwerte, erhöhte Kreatininkinase, erhöhte Band Zellen und Lymphopenie. Streptococcus canis wurde bei 18 von 23 Hunden isoliert. Die histopathologischen Merkmale inkludierten eine akute Nekrose und hochgradige neutrophile Entzündung. Fünfzehn Hunde wurden schmerzfrei eingeschläfert oder starben, während eine chirurgische Intervention zum Überleben von acht der 23 Hunde führte.Bei Hunden, die mit einer akuten Schwellung einer Extremität mit einhergehendem Ödem präsentiert werden, sollte eine NF als Diagnose in Betracht gezogen werden und eine frühe chirurgische Intervention könnte die Überlebenszeit verlängern.背景: 壊死性筋膜炎(NF)は、まれな、急速に進行する皮下細菌感染症である。犬におけるNFの特徴はほとんど研究されていない。 仮説・目的: 本研究の目的は、NFを発症した犬の臨床所見、検査所見、治療法、転帰を回顧的に記述することであった。 供試動物:1998年から2021年の間に動物教育病院で治療を受けた23頭のオーナー所有の犬。 材料と方法:NF と診断された 23 頭の犬の診療記録および検査データをレビューした。 結果: 雄犬が有意に多かった(p=0.003)。最も多い主訴は突然の跛行であった。感染症は23頭中19頭で1肢または2肢に発生し、右後肢に最も多く発生した(23頭中13頭)。また，23頭中14頭で点状水腫が認められた。発症前に抗生物質が投与されていたのは9頭、非ステロイド性抗炎症薬が投与されていたのは13頭であった。臨床病理学的異常としては、低アルブミン血症、低ナトリウム血症、肝酵素上昇、クレアチンキナーゼ上昇、バンド増加、リンパ球減少がよくみられた。23頭中18頭からStreptococcus canisが分離された。病理組織学的特徴として、急性壊死および重度の好中球性炎症が認められた。15頭が安楽死または死亡したが、外科的介入により23頭中8頭が生存した。 結論と臨床的意義: 水腫を伴う四肢の急性腫脹で来院した犬は、NFの診断を検討すべきであり、早期の外科的介入は生存率を高める可能性がある。.背景:坏死性筋膜炎 (NF) 是一种罕见的，快速进展的皮下细菌感染。很少有研究描述犬 NF 的特征。 假设/目的:回顾性描述 NF 犬的临床和实验室结果以及治疗和结局。 动物:1998年至2021年间在兽医教学医院接受治疗的23只客户拥有的犬。 材料和方法:回顾23只诊断为 NF 的犬的病历和实验室资料。 结果:雄性犬的比例显著过高 (p = 0.003)。最常见的主诉是突然跛行。23只犬中有19只的一个或两个肢体发生感染，右后肢最常受累(23只犬中的13只)。23只犬中有14只出现明显的凹陷性水肿。23只犬中分别有9只和13只在就诊前给予抗生素和非甾体抗炎药。常见的临床病理异常包括低白蛋白血症、低钠血症、肝酶升高、肌酸激酶升高、杆状核粒细胞增多和淋巴细胞减少。从23只犬中的18只中分离出犬链球菌。组织病理学特征包括急性坏死和重度中性粒细胞炎症。15只犬被人道处死或直接死亡，而手术干预使23只犬中的8只存活。 结论和临床相关性:出现肢体急性肿胀伴水肿的犬应考虑 NF 的诊断，早期手术干预可能会增加存活率。.A fasceíte necrotizante (FN) é uma infecção bacteriana subcutânea rara, rapidamente progressiva. Poucos estudos fizeram a caracterização da FN em cães. HIPÓTESE/OBJETIVOS: Descrever retrospectivamente os achados clínicos e laboratoriais, com tratamentos e evolução, de cães com FN.23 cães de clientes tratados em um hospital veterinário universitário entre 1998 e 2021. MATERIAIS E MÉTODOS: Os prontuários e laudos de exames laboratoriais de 23 cães diagnosticados com FN foram revisados.Cães machos foram significativamente super-representados (p = 0,003). A queixa mais comumente apresentada foi claudicação repentina. Houve infecção em um ou dois membros de 19 dos 23 cães, sendo os membros posteriores direitos mais comumente afetados (13 de 23). Edema com persistência da fóvea formada após a digitopressão (exame de Godet positivo) foi observado em 14 de 23 animais. Antibióticos e anti-inflamatórios não esteroidais foram administrados antes da apresentação clínica em nove e 13 dos cães, respectivamente. As alterações clinicopatológicas comumente observadas foram hipoalbuminemia, hiponatremia, enzimas hepáticas alteradas, creatina kinase alterada, aumento de bandas e linfopenia. Streptococcus canis foi isolado de 18 de 23 animais. Quinze cães foram respeitosamente eutanasiados ou faleceram, enquanto intervenção cirúrgica permitiu a sobrevivência de oito dos 23 cães. CONCLUSÕES E RELEVÂNCIA CLÍNICA: Em cães apresentando aumento de volume agudo e edema, o diagnóstico de FN deve ser considerado e intervenção cirúrgica precoce pode aumentar a sobrevida.

In collaboration with the American College of Veterinary Pathologists

A combination of cellular and humoral immunological assaults directed against follicular matrical cells is suspected to cause alopecia areata (AA) in humans. The specific aims of this study were to determine whether cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) were increased in the blood and skin lesions of canine AA. Additionally, we wished to determine if circulating antifollicular antibodies were present in the dog. Finally, we aimed to investigate whether bulbar inflammation was associated with decreased matrical cell proliferation and keratinocyte apoptosis. Canine AA lesions were infiltrated by intrabulbar CTL, perifollicular helper T cells and dendritic cells. A higher percentage of CTL was present in canine AA peripheral blood compared with that of normal dogs. Tissue-fixed and circulating antifollicular IgG antibodies were detected. Reduced matrical proliferation and increased keratinocyte apoptosis was observed in inflamed hair bulbs. This study demonstrates the existence of antifollicular cell-mediated and humoral immunological responses in canine AA. Resume— L'association d'agressions immunologiques cellulaires et humorales dirigees contre les cellules matricielles folliculaires est suspectee d'etre a l'origine de l'Alopecie Areata chez l'homme. Le but de cette etude etait de montrer si le nombre de lymphocytes T cytotoxiques est augmente dans le sang et dans les lesions cutanees lors d'Alopecie Areata chez le chien. En plus, nous souhaitions montrer la presence d'anticorps circulants antifolliculaire chez le chien. Enfin, nous voulions voir si l'inflammation du bulbe pileux etait associee a une diminution de la proliferation des cellules matricielles et une apoptose des keratinocytes. Lors d'Alopecie Areata chez le chien, existe une infiltration lesionnelle par des lymphocytes T cytotoxiques intrabulbaires, des lymphocytes T auxiliaires perifolliculaires et des cellules dentritiques. Le pourcentage de lymphocytes T cytotoxiques etait plus important dans le sang peripherique provenant de sujets a Alopecie Areata que dans le sang d'animaux sains. Par ailleurs, des anticorps antifolliculaire (IgG) circulants et fixes dans les tissus sont detectes. Une reduction de la proliferation des cellules matricielles et une augmentation de l'apoptose des keratinocytes sont observees dans les bulbes pileux atteints. Cette etude demontre l'existence de reponses immunologiques cellulaires et humorales contre le follicule pileux dans l'Alopecie Areata du chien. [Olivry, T., Moore, P.F., Naydan, D.K., Puget, B.J., Affolter, V.K., Kline, A.E. Antifollicular cell-mediated and humoral immunity in canine alopecia areata (Immunite contre le follicule pileux dans l'Alopecie Areata du chien). Veterinary Dermatology 1996; 7: 67–79.] Resumen Se cree que la alopecia areata (AA) en la especie humana resulta de la combinacion de la accion inmunologica celular y humoral contra celulas de la matriz folicular. Los objetivos especificos de este estudio fueron determinar si los linfocitos T citotoxicos (CTL) se encontraban aumentados en sangre y en las lesiones cutaneas de animales con AA. Ademas, descamos investigar la posible presencia de anticuerpos antifoliculares circulantes en el perro. Finalmente, nos propusimos investigar si la inflamacion bulbar se encontraba asociada a una disminucion en la proliferacion de celulas de la matriz y a la apoptosis de queratinocitos. Las lesiones de la AA canina mostraban infiltracion por CTL intrabulbares, celulas T colaboradoras y celulas dendriticas. Se encontro un porcentaje mayor de CTL en la sangre periferica de perros con AA respecto a perros normales. Se detectaron anticuerpos IgG antifoliculares circulantes y en tejido fijado. Se observo una disminucion en la proliferacion matrical y un aumento en queratinocitos apoptoticos en los bulbos foliculares inflamados. Este estudio demuestra la existencia de respuestas inmunitarias antifoliculares de tipo celular y humoral en la AA canina. [Olivry, T., Moore, P.F., Naydan, D.K., Puget, B.J., Affolter, V.K., Kline, A.E. Antifollicular cell-mediated and humoral immunity in canine alopecia areata (Immunidad antifolicular en la alopecia areata canina). Veterinary Dermatology 1996; 7: 67–79.] Zusammenfassung— Eine Kombinaton von zellularen und humoralen immunologischen Angriffen, die gegen die follikularen Matrixzellen gerichtet sind, wird als Ursache bei der Alopecia areata (AA) des Menschen vermutet. Die besondere Absicht dieser Studie war, festzustellen, ob die zytotoxischen T-Lymphozyten (CTL) im Blut und in den Hautveranderungen bei kaniner AA erhoht sind. Zusatzlich wollten wir feststellen, ob beim Hund zirkulierende antifollikulare Antikorper vorkommen. Schlieslich beabsichtigten wir, zu untersuchen, ob die bulbare Entzundung mit verminderter Matrixzellproliferation und Keratinozytenapoptose einhergeht. Die Veranderungen bei kaniner AA wurden von intrabulbaren CTL, perifollikularen T-Helferzellen und dendritischen Zellen infiltriert. Verglichen mit dem peripheren Blut gesunder Hunde kam bei kaniner AA eine hoherer Prozentsatz an CTL vor. Es wurden gewebsfixierte und zirkulierende antifollikulare IgG-Antikorper festgestellt. In entzundeten Haarbulbi wurde eine reduzierte Matrixproliferation und eine erhohte Keratinozytenapoptose beobachtet. Diese Studie zeigt die Existenz von antifollikularen zellvermittelten und humoralen immunologischen Reaktionen bei kaniner AA. [Olivry, T., Moore, P. F., Naydan, D. K., Puget, B. J., Affolter, V. K., Kline, A. E. Antifollicular immunity in canine alopecia areata (Antifollikulare Immunitat bei der Alopecia areata des Hundes). Veterinary Dermatology 1996; 7: 67–79.]

Goats are important worldwide as a source of milk, meat, fibre and hide, and as show animals and pets.To document the type, signalment associations and prevalence of skin disease in a referral hospital population.Case population at a university veterinary teaching hospital.Retrospective study by searching computerised medical records of goats seen between 1 January 1988 and 1 January 2021. Key words employed were "alopecia, caseous lymphadenitis, Chorioptes, dermatitis, dermatophyte, dermatophytosis, goat, lice, louse, mange, mite, pemphigus foliaceus, Psoroptes, ringworm, seborrhea, skin" RESULTS: Of 1,488 records reviewed, 358 (24%) goats had skin disease recorded. Seventy-nine (22.1%) of 358 goats presented primarily for skin disease. The Nigerian Dwarf goat breed was at higher risk of developing skin disease (P 0.0002). As goats aged, the odds for developing skin disease was higher [odds ratio (OR) = 1.07 per year, 95% confidence interval (1.04, 1.12)] as was the predilection for malignant skin tumours (P 0.001). Sex was not associated with skin disease (P = 0.98). The most common clinical sign was exfoliative dermatitis, noted in 94 (26.4%) of 358 goats. The most common diagnoses were pediculosis, bacterial skin disease and squamous cell carcinoma. Less frequent diagnoses were Chorioptes spp. infestation, contagious ecthyma (orf), coronitis/interdigital dermatitis, demodicosis, dermatophytosis, Psoroptes spp. infestation, dermatophilosis and pemphigus foliaceus.Skin diseases are common in goats. Nigerian Dwarf goats and older goats are at greater risk of developing skin disease; Nigerian Dwarf goats had a predilection for malignant skin tumours. Clinicians should include a dermatological examination in goats regardless of the reason for presentation.Les chèvres sont importantes dans le monde entier en tant que source de lait, de viande, de fibres et de peau, et en tant qu'animaux de cirque et animaux de compagnie. HYPOTHÈSE/OBJECTIFS: Documenter le type, les associations de signalisation et la prévalence des maladies de la peau dans une population hospitalière de référence ANIMAUX: Population de cas dans un CHU vétérinaire. MÉTHODES ET MATÉRIELS: Étude rétrospective par recherche des dossiers médicaux informatisés de caprins vus entre le 1er janvier 1988 et le 1er janvier 2021. Les mots clés employés étaient « alopécie, lymphadénite caséeuse, Chorioptes, dermatite, dermatophyte, dermatophytose, chèvre, poux, pou, gale, acarien, pemphigus foliacé, Psoroptes, teigne, séborrhée, peau ». RÉSULTATS: Sur 1 488 dossiers examinés, 358 (24 %) chèvres présentaient une dermatose. Soixante-dix-neuf (22,1 %) des 358 chèvres se sont présentées principalement pour une maladie de peau. La race de chèvre naine nigériane était plus à risque de développer une maladie de peau (P0,0002). À mesure que les chèvres vieillissaient, les risques de développer une dermatose étaient plus élevés [ratio (OR) = 1,07 par an, intervalle de confiance à 95 % (1,04, 1,12)], tout comme la prédilection pour les tumeurs malignes de la peau (P0,001). Le genre n'était pas associé à une maladie de peau (P = 0,98). Le signe clinique le plus fréquent était la dermatite exfoliative, notée chez 94 (26,4 %) des 358 chèvres. Les diagnostics les plus fréquents étaient la pédiculose, la dermatose bactérienne et le carcinome épidermoïde. Les diagnostics moins fréquents étaient une infestation à Chorioptes spp., ecthyma contagieux (orf), coronite/dermatite interdigitale, démodécie, dermatophytose, une infestation à Psoroptes spp., dermatophilose et pemphigus foliacé.Les maladies de peau sont fréquentes chez les chèvres. Les chèvres naines nigérianes et les chèvres plus âgées sont plus à risque de développer une maladie de peau; les chèvres naines nigérianes avaient une prédilection pour les tumeurs cutanées malignes. Les cliniciens doivent inclure un examen dermatologique des chèvres, quelle que soit le motif de consultation.INTRODUCCIÓN: las cabras son importantes en todo el mundo como fuente de leche, carne, fibra y cuero, y como animales de exhibición y mascotas. HIPÓTESIS/OBJETIVOS: documentar el tipo, las asociaciones en la presentación clínica y la prevalencia de enfermedades de la piel en una población de un hospital veterinario de referencia. ANIMALES: casos recibidos en un hospital veterinario universitario de enseñanza. MÉTODOS Y MATERIALES: estudio retrospectivo mediante la búsqueda de registros médicos en la base de datos de cabras atendidas entre el 1 de enero de 1988 y el 1 de enero de 2021. Las palabras clave empleadas fueron "alopecia, linfadenitis caseosa, corioptes, dermatitis, dermatofito, dermatofitosis, cabra, piojos, piojo, sarna, ácaro, pénfigo foliáceo, psoroptes, tiña, seborrea, piel " RESULTADOS: de 1,488 entradas revisadas, 358 (24%) cabras tenían enfermedades de la piel registradas. Setenta y nueve (22,1%) de 358 cabras se presentaron principalmente por enfermedades de la piel. La raza de cabra enana nigeriana presentó un mayor riesgo de desarrollar enfermedades de la piel (P0,0002). A medida que las cabras envejecían, las probabilidades de desarrollar enfermedades de la piel eran mayores [razón de probabilidades (OR) = 1,07 por año, intervalo de confianza del 95% (1,04; 1,12)] al igual que la predilección por los tumores cutáneos malignos (P0.001). El sexo no se asoció con enfermedades de la piel (P = 0,98). El signo clínico más común fue la dermatitis exfoliativa, que se observó en 94 (26,4%) de 358 cabras. Los diagnósticos más frecuentes fueron pediculosis, enfermedad cutánea bacteriana y carcinoma de células escamosas. Los diagnósticos menos frecuentes fueron infestación con Chorioptes spp., ectima contagioso (orf), coronitis/dermatitis interdigital, demodicosis, dermatofitosis, infestación con Psoroptes spp., dermatofilosis y pénfigo foliáceo. CONCLUSIONES E IMPORTANCIA CLÍNICA: Las enfermedades de la piel son comunes en las cabras. Las cabras enanas nigerianas y las cabras más viejas tienen un mayor riesgo de desarrollar enfermedades de la piel; las cabras enanas nigerianas mostraron mayor riesgo de desarrollar tumores cutáneos malignos. Los veterinarios deben incluir un examen dermatológico en cabras independientemente del motivo de presentación.Ziegen haben weltweit eine Bedeutung als Milchquelle, bei der Fleischproduktion, bei der Faser- und Lederproduktion und als Show- und Haustiere.Eine Dokumentation des Typs, der Zusammenhänge mit dem Signalement und dem Auftreten von Hauterkrankungen in der Population einer Überweisungsklinik.Die Fälle stammten aus der Population einer veterinärmedizinischen Lehranstalt.Es wurde eine retrospektive Studie durchgeführt, bei der die elektronischen medizinischen Karteien von Ziegen, die zwischen dem 1. Jänner 1988 und dem 1. Jänner 2021 vorgestellt wurden, durchgesehen wurden. Die verwendeten Schlüsselwörter waren „Alopezie, käsige Lymphadenitis, Chorioptes, Dermatitis, Dermatophyt, Dermatophytose, Ziege, Läuse, Räude, Milbe, Pemphigus foliaceus, Psoroptes, Ringworm, Seborrhoe, Haut“.Von den 1488 durchgesehenen Karteien war bei 358 (24%) der Ziegen eine Hautkrankheit beschrieben. Neunundsiebzig (22,1%) der 358 Ziegen wurden hauptsächlich wegen einer Hauterkrankung vorgestellt. Die Nigerianische Zwergziege hatte ein höheres Risiko eine Hautkrankheit zu entwickeln (P0,0002). Mit zunehmendem Alter der Ziegen war die Wahrscheinlichkeit eine Hauterkrankung zu entwickeln höher [Odds Ration (OR)= 1,07 pro Jahr, Konfidenzintervall 95% (1,04; 1,12)], ebenso wie die Prädilektion für maligne Hauttumoren (P0,001). Das Geschlecht stand mit der Hauterkrankung nicht im Zusammenhang (P = 0,98). Die häufigsten klinischen Zeichen waren eine exfoliative Dermatitis, die bei 94 (26,4%) der 358 Ziegen festgestellt wurde. Die häufigsten Diagnosen waren Pedikulose, bakterielle Hauterkrankung und Plattenepithelkarzinom. Weniger häufige Diagnosen waren ein Chorioptes spp. Befall, Ecthyma contagiosum (orf), Coronitis/Interdigitale Dermatitis, Demodikose, Dermatphytose, Psoroptes spp. Befall, Dermatophilose und Pemphigus foliaceus.Hauterkrankungen treten bei Ziegen häufig auf. Die Nigerianischen Zwergziegen weisen ein höheres Risiko auf eine Hauterkrankung zu entwickeln. KlinikerInnen sollten bei Ziegen immer eine dermatologische Untersuchung durchführen, egal aus welchem Grund sie vorgestellt werden.背景: ヤギは、乳、肉、線維、獣皮の供給源として、また、展示用動物やペットとして、世界中で重要な動物である。 仮説・目的: 本研究の目的は、紹介病院集団における皮膚疾患の種類、シグナルメントの関連性、有病率を記録することであった。 被検動物: 大学の獣医学教育機関における症例群。 材料と方法: 1988年1月1日から2021年1月1日までに受診したヤギのコンピュータ医療記録を検索することによる回顧的研究。キーワードは "脱毛症、乾酪性リンパ節炎、ショクヒヒゼンダニ、皮膚炎、皮膚糸状菌、皮膚糸状菌症、ヤギ、シラミ、疥癬、ダニ、落葉状天疱瘡、キュウセンヒゼンダニ、白癬、脂漏、皮膚 "とした。 結果: レビューした1,488件の記録のうち、358頭（24%）のヤギに皮膚病の記録があった。358頭のヤギのうち79頭（22.1％）が主に皮膚病で来院していた。ナイジェリアン・ドワーフ・ゴートは、皮膚病を発症するリスクが高かった（P0.0002）。ヤギが高齢になると、皮膚疾患を発症する確率が高くなり［オッズ比（OR）＝1年あたり1.07、95％信頼区間（1.04、1.12）］、皮膚の悪性腫瘍が発生しやすくなった（P0.001）。性別と皮膚疾患との関連はなかった（P = 0.98）。最も一般的な臨床症状は剥脱性皮膚炎で、358頭のヤギのうち94頭（26.4%）に認められた。最も多い診断名は、シラミ、細菌性皮膚疾患、扁平上皮癌であった。頻度が低かったのは、ショクヒヒゼンダニ属感染、伝染性膿疱性皮膚炎（orf）、蹄冠炎／指間皮膚炎、毛包虫症、皮膚糸状菌症、キュウセンヒゼンダニ属感染、デルマトフィルス症、落葉状天疱瘡であった。 結論と臨床的重要性: 皮膚疾患はヤギにおいて一般的である。ナイジェリアン・ドワーフ・ゴートや高齢のヤギは皮膚疾患を発症するリスクが高い。ナイジェリアン・ドワーフ・ゴートは悪性皮膚腫瘍を好む傾向がある。臨床家は来院理由に関わらず、ヤギの皮膚科的検査を行うべきである。.背景: 山羊在世界范围内作为羊奶、肉类、纤维和皮革的主要来源，也是重要的展示动物和宠物。 假设/目的: 记录转诊医院种群中皮肤病的类型、有关症状和发病率 动物: 大学兽医教学医院的病例种群。 方法和材料: 通过1988年1月2021年1月1月1日期间电脑病历检索山羊进行回顾性研究。采用的关键词为“脱毛、干酪性淋巴结炎、皮螨、皮炎、皮肤癣菌、皮肤癣菌病、山羊、虱子（lice）、虱子（louse）、螨、螨虫、落叶型天疱疮、痒螨、癣、皮脂溢、皮肤” 结果: 在调查的1,488份记录中，358只(24%)山羊记录有皮肤病。358只山羊中有79只(22.1%)主要表现为皮肤病。尼日利亚矮山羊品种发生皮肤病的风险较高(P0.0002)。随着山羊年龄的增长，发生皮肤病的几率更高[比值比(OR)= 1.07/年，95%置信区间(1.04，1.12)]，恶性皮肤肿瘤的易感性也是如此(P0.001)。性别与皮肤病无关(P = 0.98)。最常见的临床体征为剥脱性皮炎，358只山羊中的94只(26.4%)可见该症状。最常见的诊断为虱病、细菌性皮肤病和鳞状细胞癌。不太常见的诊断是皮螨侵扰，传染性脓疱(羊痘)、冠周炎/趾间炎、蠕形螨病、皮肤癣菌病、痒螨侵扰、嗜皮菌病和落叶型天疱疮。 结论和临床重要性: 皮肤病在山羊中很常见。尼日利亚矮山羊和老年山羊发生皮肤病的风险更大；尼日利亚矮山羊易感恶性皮肤肿瘤。无论山羊就诊原因如何，临床医生应进行皮肤科检查。.As cabras são importantes mundialmente pela sua produção de leite, carne, fibra e couro, bem como animais de exposição e pets. HIPÓTESE/OBJETIVOS: Documentar o tipo, sinais clínicos associados e prevalência de dermatopatias em cabras em uma população de um hospital de referência.Casuística de um hospital veterinário universitário.Dos 1.488 casos prontuários revisados, 358 (24%) cabras apresentavam histórico de doença de pele. Setenta e sete (22,1%) das 358 cabras apresentaram doença cutânea primária. As cabras anãs nigerianas apresentaram maior risco de desenvolver dermatopatias (P0,0002). À medida que as cabras envelheciam, o risco de desenvolver doenças de pele foi aumentando [odds ratio (OR) = 1,07 por ano, intervalo de confiança de 95% (1,04-1,12)], assim como a predisposição a desenvolver tumores de pele malignos (P0,001). Não houve associação de sexo a doenças de pele (P = 0,98). O sinal clínico mais comum foi dermatite esfoliativa, observada em 94 (26,4%) de 358 cabras. Os diagnósticos mais comuns foram pediculose, piodermite bacteriana e carcinoma de células escamosas. Os diagnósticos menos frequentes foram infestação por Chorioptes spp., ectima contagioso (orf), coronite/dermatite interdigital, demodiciose, dermatofitose, infestação por Psoroptes spp., dermatofilose e pênfigo foliáceo. CONCLUSÕES E IMPORTÂNCIA CLÍNICA: Doenças de pele são comuns em cabras. As cabras anãs nigerianas e cabras idosas apresentam maior risco de desenvolver dermatopatias; as cabras anãs nigerianas possuem predisposição a tumores cutâneos malignos. Os clínicos devem incluir avaliação dermatológica nas cabras em todas as consultas, independente da queixa principal.

Four, mature, client‐owned goats were presented to referral hospitals for recurrent diarrhea despite treatment for intestinal parasitism. Common clinical findings included diarrhea, poor condition, neutrophilia, and hypoalbuminemia. Testing for common infectious causes of diarrhea in goats was negative. Ultrasonography and computed tomography in 2 cases was suggestive of enteritis, including thickened intestinal walls and fluid filled, dilated small intestines, respectively. Lymphoplasmacytic and eosinophilic enteritis (LEE) was ultimately diagnosed on intestinal biopsy histopathology based on the presence of small intestinal villous blunting and increased numbers of lymphocytes and eosinophils predominantly within the lamina propria. Numerous globule leukocytes were also noted on histopathology in 3 cases. All goats responded favorably to corticosteroid treatment with weight gain and resolution of diarrhea and clinicopathologic abnormalities. Relapses occurred, and complete cure was difficult to achieve. Reported in other species, this series describes the clinical presentation, diagnosis, and treatment of LEE in adult goats.

Following the successful creation of a biobank from two adult Thoroughbred mares, this study aimed to recapitulate sample collection in two adult Thoroughbred stallions as part of the Functional Annotation of the Animal Genome (FAANG) initiative. Both stallions underwent thorough physical, lameness, neurologic, and ophthalmic (including electroretinography) examinations prior to humane euthanasia. Epididymal sperm was recovered from both stallions immediately postmortem and cryopreserved. Aseptically collected full thickness skin biopsies were used to isolate, culture and cryopreserve dermal fibroblasts. Serum, plasma, cerebrospinal fluid, urine, and gastrointestinal content from various locations were collected and cryopreserved. Under guidance of a board-certified veterinary anatomic pathologist, 102 representative tissue samples were collected from both horses. Whole tissue samples were flash-frozen and prioritized tissues had nuclei isolated and cryopreserved. Spatially contemporaneous samples of each tissue were submitted for histologic examination. Antemortem and gross pathologic examination revealed mild abnormalities in both stallions. One stallion (ECA_UCD_AH3) had unilateral thoracic limb lameness and bilateral chorioretinal scars. The second stallion (ECA_UCD_AH4) had subtle symmetrical pelvic limb ataxia, symmetrical prostatomegally, and moderate gastrointestinal nematodiasis. DNA from each was whole-genome sequenced and genotyped using the GGP Equine 70K SNP array. The genomic resources and banked biological samples from these animals augments the existing resource available to the equine genomics community. Importantly we may now improve the resolution of tissue-specific gene regulation as affected by sex, as well as add sex-specific tissues and gametes.

Southern sea otters (Enhydra lutris nereis) rely on intact pelage for thermoregulation, and thus clinically significant demodicosis and associated alopecia can cause morbidity and death.This study aimed to describe lesions associated with follicular Demodex sp. infestation, estimate the prevalence and intensity of infestation, describe mite distribution across key anatomical regions, and assess mite presence or absence in relation to lesions and host risk factors.Twenty necropsied, wild southern sea otters that stranded along the central California coast from 2005 to 2018.Grossly normal and abnormal integument from the head, perineum, genitals, mamillary papillae and limbs was assessed microscopically for mites and mite-associated pathological findings.Intrafollicular mites were observed in the integument of 55% of otters and 20% had clinical demodicosis. Demodicosis was considered to be contributory to death or euthanasia in two cases. Although Demodex sp. mites often were observed microscopically in grossly normal skin, the presence of multiple densely-packed intrafollicular mites generally was associated with pigmentary incontinence, ectatic follicles, lymphoplasmacytic perifolliculitis, and neutrophilic and lymphoplasmacytic, dermal inflammation. Other findings included epidermal hyperplasia, orthokeratotic hyperkeratosis of epidermis and follicular epithelium, concurrent pyoderma and cell necrosis. Perioral integument, especially of the chin, had the highest prevalence of mites and the highest mite density, suggesting facial contact as a means of mite transmission.Our research confirmed demodectic mange as a contributor to morbidity and mortality in sea otters, with important implications for clinical care, rehabilitation and conservation.La loutre de mer de Californie (Enhydra lutris nereis) utilise son pelage intact pour sa thermorégulation et ainsi, une démodécie cliniquement significative et l’alopécie associée peuvent causer une morbidité et la mort. HYPOTHÈSES/OBJECTIFS: Cette étude a pour but de décrire les lésions associées à une infestation folliculaire de Demodex sp., estimer la prévalence et l’intensité de l’infestation, décrire la distribution des acariens à l’aide de régions anatomiques clés et déterminer la présence ou l’absence d’acariens et les facteurs de risque des hôtes.Vingt loutres de mer de Californie sauvages ont été autopsiées après s’être échouées le long de la côte californienne de 2005 à 2018. MATÉRIELS ET MÉTHODES: La peau macroscopiquement normale et anomale de la tête, du périnée, des zones génitales, des papilles mammaires et des membres a été évaluée microscopiquement pour les acariens et les lésions pathologiques liées aux acariens. RÉSULTATS: Les acariens intrafolliculaires ont été observés dans la peau de 55% des loutres et 20% avaient une démodécie clinique. La démodécie a été considérée comme contribuant à la mort ou à l’euthanasie dans deux cas. Bien que les acariens Demodex sp. soient souvent observées dans la peau macroscopiquement normale, la présence multiple d’acariens intrafolliculaires regroupés en amas denses était généralement associée avec de l’incontinence pigmentaire, des follicules ectatiques, une périfolliculite lymphoplasmocytaire et une inflammation dermique neutrophilique et lymphoplasmocytaire. Les autres données regroupent une hyperplasie épidermique, une hyperkératose orthokératosique de l’épiderme et de l’épithélium folliculaire, une pyodermite concomitante et une nécrose cellulaire. La peau péri-orale, en particulier le menton, avait la prévalence la plus élevée d’acariens et la densité en acarien la plus élevée suggérant un contact facial comme mode de transmission.Nos recherches confirment que la démodécie participe à la morbidité et à la mortalité des loutres de mer avec implications importantes pour les soins de cliniques, de réhabilitation et de conservation.INTRODUCCIÓN: las nutrias marinas del sur (Enhydra lutris nereis) dependen de un pelaje en buenas condiciones para la termorregulación y, por lo tanto, la demodicosis clínicamente significativa y la alopecia asociada pueden causar morbilidad y muerte. HIPÓTESIS/OBJETIVOS: Este estudio tuvo como objetivo describir las lesiones asociadas con la infestación folicular por Demodex sp., estimar la prevalencia e intensidad de la infestación, describir la distribución de ácaros en regiones anatómicas clave y evaluar la presencia o ausencia de ácaros en relación con las lesiones y los factores de riesgo del huésped. ANIMALES: Veinte nutrias marinas salvajes del sur necropsiadas que quedaron varadas a lo largo de la costa central de California entre 2005 y 2018. MÉTODOS Y MATERIALES: Se evaluó microscópicamente el tegumento macroscópicamente normal y anormal de la cabeza, el perineo, los genitales, las papilas mamilares y las extremidades para detectar ácaros y hallazgos patológicos asociados a los ácaros. RESULTADOS: Se observaron ácaros intrafoliculares en el tegumento del 55% de las nutrias y el 20% presentó demodicosis clínica. Se consideró que la demodicosis contribuyó a la muerte o la eutanasia en dos casos. Aunque ácaros de Demodex sp. a menudo se observaron microscópicamente en piel macroscópica normal, la presencia de múltiples ácaros intrafoliculares densamente empaquetados generalmente se asoció con incontinencia pigmentaria, folículos ectásicos, perifoliculitis linfoplasmocítica e inflamación dérmica neutrofílica y linfoplasmacítica. Otros hallazgos incluyeron hiperplasia epidérmica, hiperqueratosis ortoqueratósica de epidermis y epitelio folicular, pioderma concurrente y necrosis celular. El tegumento perioral, especialmente del mentón, tuvo la mayor prevalencia de ácaros y la mayor densidad de ácaros, lo que sugiere el contacto facial como medio de transmisión de ácaros. CONCLUSIONES E IMPORTANCIA CLÍNICA: Nuestra investigación confirmó que la sarna demodécica contribuye a la morbilidad y mortalidad en las nutrias marinas, con importantes implicaciones para la atención clínica, la rehabilitación y la conservación.Der Seeotter des Südpazifiks (Enhydra lutris nereis) benötigt zur Thermoregulierung zwingend ein intaktes Haarkleid und daher kann eine klinisch signifikante Demodikose und eine damit einhergehende Alopezie Erkrankung und Tod verursachen.Diese Studie zielte darauf ab, Veränderungen, die mit einer follikulären Demodex sp. Infektion einhergehen, zu beschreiben, die Prävalenz und die Intensität des Befalls abzuschätzen, die Milbenverteilung an den anatomischen Schlüsselregionen zu beschreiben, und die Milbenpräsenz oder deren Fehlen in Relation zu den Veränderungen und den Risikofaktoren des Wirtes zu beurteilen.Es wurden zwanzig wilde südliche Seeotter, die entlang der Küste Zentralkaliforniens zwischen 2005 und 2018 gestrandet waren, autopsiert.Makroskopisch normale und abnormale Haut von Kopf, Perineum, den Genitalien, der Brustwarzen und der Extremitäten wurden mikroskopisch auf Milben und auf pathologische Befunde im Zusammenhang mit Milben untersucht.Es wurden intrafollikuläre Milben in der Haut von 55% der Otter gefunden, wobei 20% von ihnen eine klinische Demodikose aufwiesen. Die Demodikose wurde als ursächlich für den Tod und die Euthanasie in zwei Fällen angesehen. Obwohl Demodex sp. Milben oft mikroskopisch in mit freiem Auge normaler Haut gefunden wurden, wurde das Vorkommen von multiplen dicht gepackten intrafollikulären Milben generell mit Pigmentinkontinenz, ektatischen Follikeln, lymphoplasmazytischer Perifollikulitis, und neutrophiler und lymphoplasmazytischer, dermaler Entzündung gesehen. Die Haut rundum den Mund, vor allem am Kinn, zeigte die höchste Prävalenz von Milben und die höchste Milbendichte, was auf einen Gesichtskontakt als Übertragungsweg für die Milben hinweist.Unsere Forschung bestätigte die Demodexmilbe als Beitragende zur Morbidität und Mortalität der Seeotter, was wichtige Implikationen für ihre klinische Versorgung, Rehabilitation und Erhaltung darstellt.背景: 南方ラッコ (Enhydra lutris nereis)の体温調節は無傷の毛に依存するため、臨床的に著しいニキビダニ症およびそれに伴う脱毛症は、病的疾患や死亡の原因となることがある。 仮説/目的: 本研究の目的は、毛包寄生性ニキビダニ属に関連する病変の記述、寄生の有病率および強度の推定、主要な解剖学的領域におけるダニの分布の記述、病変および宿主の危険因子との関連におけるダニの有無を評価することであった。 被験動物: 2005年から2018年までカリフォルニア中央海岸で座礁した野生の南方ラッコ20頭を剖検した。 材料と方法: 頭部、会陰部、生殖器、乳頭および四肢の総じて正常または異常な皮膚を顕微鏡的に評価し、ダニおよびダニに関連した病理学的所見を調査した。 結果: ラッコの55%の皮膚には毛包内にダニが観察され、20%には臨床的にニキビダニ症が認められた。そのうち2例は死亡または安楽死の原因と考えられた。正常な皮膚においてしばしばニキビダニが顕微鏡下で観察されたが、毛包内に密に詰まった複数のダニの存在は、一般的に色素脱、拡張性毛包、リンパ球形質細胞性毛包周囲炎、好中球性およびリンパ球形質細胞性の真皮の炎症と関連していた。その他の所見としては、表皮過形成、表皮および毛包漏斗部の正角化性角化亢進、膿皮症および細胞壊死を併発していた。口周囲の皮膚、特に顎部でダニの有病率が最も高く、ダニ密度も最も高かったことから、顔面接触がダニの感染手段であることが示唆された。 結論と臨床上の重要性: 本研究は、ラッコの罹患率および死亡率の一因であるニキビダニを確認し、臨床ケア、リハビリテーション、管理に重要な意味を持つことを示した。.背景: 方海獭依赖于被毛完整来进行体温调节, 因此具有临床意义的蠕形螨病和造成的脱毛可导致其发病和死亡。 假设/目的: 本研究旨在描述毛囊蠕形螨侵染造成的病变, 评估侵染的流行率和严重程度, 描述关键解剖区域的螨虫分布, 并评估是否存在造成病变的螨虫, 以及宿主风险因素。 动物: 2005年至2018年, 在加利福尼亚中部海岸搁浅并进行尸检的20只野生南方海獭。 方法和材料: 采自外观正常和异常的头部、会阴、生殖器、乳头和四肢皮肤, 评估显微镜下螨虫及螨虫相关的病理学结果。 结果: 在55%的水獭皮肤中观察到毛囊内螨虫, 20%患有临床蠕形螨病。在2个病例中, 蠕形螨病导致了死亡或因此而人道处死。尽管在外观正常的皮肤中, 通过显微镜经常能观察到蠕形螨虫体, 多处毛囊内出现的密集螨虫, 通常造成色素失禁、毛囊扩张、淋巴浆细胞性毛囊周炎以及中性粒细胞和淋巴浆细胞性真皮炎症。其他结果包括表皮增生、表皮和毛囊上皮的正角化性过度角化、并发脓皮病和细胞坏死。口周皮肤, 尤其是颏部, 螨虫侵染率最高, 螨虫密度最高, 这提示面部接触是螨虫传播的一种途径。 结论和临床重要性: 我们的研究证实蠕形螨是海獭发病和死亡的因素, 临床护理、康复和保护具有重要意义。.As lontras do mar do Sul (Enhydra lutris nereis) dependem da pelagem intacta para termorregulação e, portanto, demodiciose clinicamente significativa e alopecia associada podem causar morbidade e morte. HIPÓTESE/OBJETIVOS: Este estudo teve como objetivo descrever lesões associadas à infestação folicular por Demodex sp., estimar a prevalência e intensidade da infestação, descrever a distribuição de ácaros nas principais regiões anatômicas e avaliar a presença ou ausência de ácaros em relação a lesões e fatores de risco do hospedeiro.Vinte lontras do mar do Sul selvangens necropsiadas que ficaram presas ao longo da costa central da Califórnia de 2005 a 2018. MÉTODOS E MATERIAIS: Tegumento grosseiramente normal e anormal da cabeça, períneo, genitais, papilas mamilares e membros foram avaliados microscopicamente para pesquisa de ácaros ácaros e achados patológicos associados aos ácaros.Observou-se ácaros intrafoliculares no tegumento de 55% das lontras e 20% apresentaram demodiciose clínica. A demodiciose foi considerada como contribuinte para a morte ou eutanásia em dois casos. Embora os ácaros Demodex sp. tenham sido frequentemente observados microscopicamente na pele grosseiramente normal, a presença de múltiplos ácaros intrafoliculares densamente compactados geralmente estava associada a incontinência pigmentar, folículos ectáticos, perifoliculite linfoplasmocitária e inflamação dérmica neutrofílica e linfoplasmocitária. Outros achados incluíram hiperplasia epidérmica, hiperceratose ortoqueratótica da epiderme e epitélio folicular, pioderma concomitante e necrose celular. O tegumento perioral, principalmente do mento, apresentou a maior prevalência de ácaros e a maior densidade de ácaros, sugerindo o contato facial como meio de transmissão dos ácaros. CONCLUSÕES E IMPORTÂNCIA CLÍNICA: Nossa pesquisa confirmou a sarna demodécica como contribuinte para a morbidade e mortalidade em lontras marinhas, com implicações importantes para o atendimento clínico, reabilitação e conservação.

Tumour stage has been demonstrated to have prognostic significance in canine oral malignant melanoma (OMM). Various evaluation techniques of positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) have been reported for staging of head-and-neck tumours in people, but canine-specific data are limited, and reports for CT accuracy have been variable. In this prospective study, the head/neck of client-owned dogs with cytologically or histologically diagnosed OMM were imaged with

The Functional Annotation of Animal Genomes (FAANG) project aims to identify genomic regulatory elements in both sexes across multiple stages of development in domesticated animals. This study represents the first stage of the FAANG project for the horse, Equus caballus. A biobank of 80 tissue samples, two cell lines and six body fluids was created from two adult Thoroughbred mares. Ante-mortem assessments included full physical examinations, lameness, ophthalmologic and neurologic evaluations. Complete blood counts and serum biochemistries were also performed. At necropsy, in addition to tissue samples, aliquots of serum, ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) plasma, heparinized plasma, cerebrospinal fluid, synovial fluid, urine and microbiome samples from all regions of the gastrointestinal and urogenital tracts were collected. Epidermal keratinocytes and dermal fibroblasts were cultured from skin samples. All tissues were grossly and histologically evaluated by a board-certified veterinary pathologist. The results of the clinical and pathological evaluations identified subclinical eosinophilic and lymphocytic infiltration throughout the length of the gastrointestinal tract as well as a mild clinical lameness in both animals. Each sample was cryo-preserved in multiple ways, and nuclei were extracted from selected tissues. These samples represent the first published systemically healthy equine-specific biobank with extensive clinical phenotyping ante- and post-mortem. The tissues in the biobank are intended for community-wide use in the functional annotation of the equine genome. The use of the biobank will improve the quality of the reference annotation and allow all equine researchers to elucidate unknown genomic and epigenomic causes of disease.

A dog with gastrointestinal signs and a history of administration of multiple drugs developed acute multifocal to coalescing ulcerative nodules and a large plaque.To describe abnormal nodular clinical lesions with an unexpected superficial and deep severe eosinophilic perivascular to interstitial inflammation.A 7-year-old spayed female Labrador retriever METHODS AND MATERIALS: Blood tests, faecal and urinalysis, and abdominal radiographs were performed; skin biopsy samples were taken for cytological, culture and histopathological analyses.The blood tests, faecal, urinalysis and radiographs were within normal limits. Cytological results revealed inflammatory cells and cultures had no growth. Histopathological evaluation revealed dermal and subcutaneous oedema, mucin deposition and perivascular to interstitial inflammation predominated by eosinophils with occasional very small intralesional dense aggregates of eosinophils centred on collagen bundles, eosinophilic exocytosis and small eosinophilic pustules. Focal subepidermal fibrin exudation and haemorrhage resulted in epidermal detachment and ulceration. Clinical resolution of the dermatological and gastrointestinal signs was seen with the withdrawal of prior medications and administration of a tapering course of anti-inflammatory doses of prednisolone.To the best of the authors' knowledge, this is a novel nodular clinical and eosinophilic histopathological pattern combination. This case offers evidence of a spectrum of sterile eosinophilic dermatoses rather than multiple different disease processes.Un chien avec signes gastro-intestinaux et des commémoratifs d'utilisation de plusieurs traitements a développé des nodules ulcératifs multifocaux à coalescents aigus et une large plaque.Décrire les lésions cliniques nodulaires anormales avec une inflammation éosinophilique perivasculaire à interstitielle profonde sévère.Un Labrador retriever femelle stérilisée de 7 ans. MATÉRIEL ET MÉTHODE: Des tests sanguins, analyse urinaire et fécale, et des radiographies abdominales ont été réalisés; des échantillons cutanés ont été prélevés pour cytologie, culture et histopathologie. RÉSULTATS: Les tests sanguins, analyse urinaire et fécale et les radiographies ne montraient pas d'anomalie. Les cytologies ont montré des cellules inflammatoires et les cultures étaient négatives. L'examen histopathologique a révélé un œdème sous cutané et dermique, un dépôt de mucine et une inflammation périvasculaire à interstitielle par des éosinophiles avec occasionnellement de très petits agrégats denses d’éosinophiles centrés sur des amas de collagène, une exocytose d’éosinophiles et des petites pustules éosinophiles. Un exsudat de fibrine sous épidermique focal et une hémorragie résultaient en un détachement épidermique et une ulcération. La résolution clinique des signes gastro-intestinaux et dermatologiques a été observée avec l'arrêt des traitements antérieurs et l'administration de prednisolone à dose dégressive anti-inflammatoire.A la connaissance des auteurs, ceci est un nouveau patron histopathologique éosinophilique et clinique nodulaire. Ce cas prouve l'existence d'un spectre de dermatoses éosinophiliques stériles plutôt que des mécanismes pathologiques multiples différents.INTRODUCCIÓN: un perro con signos gastrointestinales y antecedentes de administración de múltiples fármacos desarrolló nódulos ulcerativos agudos multifocales a coalescentes y una placa grande. OBJETIVO: describir lesiones clínicas nodulares anormales con inesperada inflamación perivascular a intersticial eosinofílica severa superficial y profunda. ANIMAL: una perra labrador retriever esterilizada de 7 años. MÉTODOS Y MATERIALES: se realizaron análisis de sangre, análisis fecal y de orina y radiografías abdominales; se tomaron muestras de biopsia de piel para análisis citológico, cultivo y evaluación histopatológica. RESULTADOS: los análisis de sangre, las heces, el análisis de orina y las radiografías estuvieron dentro de los límites normales. Los resultados citológicos revelaron células inflamatorias y los cultivos no tuvieron crecimiento. La evaluación histopatológica mostró edema dérmico y subcutáneo, depósito de mucina e inflamación perivascular a intersticial predominantemente con eosinófilos y con ocasionales agregados densos intralesionales muy pequeños de eosinófilos alrededor de haces de colágeno, exocitosis eosinofílica y pequeñas pústulas eosinofílicas. La exudación de fibrina subepidérmica focal y hemorragia produjeron desprendimiento y ulceración epidérmica. La resolución clínica de los signos dermatológicos y gastrointestinales se observó con la retirada de medicamentos previos y la administración de un curso gradual de dosis antiinflamatorias de prednisolona. CONCLUSIONES E IMPORTANCIA CLÍNICA: a entender de los autores, esta es una combinación de patrones nodulares clínicos e inflamación predominantemente eosinófilica histopatológica. Este caso ofrece evidencia de un espectro de dermatosis eosinofílicas estériles en lugar de múltiples enfermedades diferentes.Ein Hund mit gastrointestinalen Zeichen und einer Anamnese der Verabreichung von multiplen Medikamenten entwickelte akut multifokale bis koaleszierende ulzerative Knoten und große Plaques. ZIEL: Die Beschreibung von abnormalen knotigen klinischen Läsionen mit einer unerwarteten oberflächlichen und tiefen hochgradigen eosinophilen perivaskulären bis interstitiellen Entzündung. TIER: Eine 7 Jahre alte kastrierte Labrador Retriever Hündin.Es wurden Bluttests, Kot- und Urinanalysen, und abdominale Röntgenbilder gemacht; Hautbiopsieproben wurden zur zytologischen, kulturellen und histopathologischen Analyse genommen.Die Bluttests, Kot- und Urinproben und die Röntgenbilder waren im Rahmen des Normalbereichs. Die zytologischen Ergebnisse zeigten Entzündungszellen und die Bakterienkultur ergab kein Wachstum. Die histopathologische Evaluierung zeigte ein dermales und subkutanes Ödem, Muzinablagerungen und eine perivaskuläre bis interstitielle Entzündung, die hauptsächlich aus Eosinophilen mit gelegentlichen sehr kleinen intraläsionalen dichten Aggregaten von Eosinophilen, die auf die Kollagenbündel konzentriert waren, sowie eosinophiler Exozytose und kleinen eosinophilen Pusteln bestand. Eine fokale subepidermale Fibrinexudation und Blutung resultierte in einer Abhebung der Epidermis und führte zur Ulzerierung. Nach dem Absetzen der früheren Medikamente und der Verabreichung einer ausschleichenden entzündungshemmenden Dosis von Prednisolon kam es zur klinischen Abheilung der dermatologischen und gastrointestinalen Zeichen.Nach bestem Wissen der Autoren handelt es sich hierbei um eine neuartige Kombination eines knotigen klinischen und eosinophilen histopathologischen Musters. Dieser Fall erbringt Evidenz für ein Spektrum an sterilen eosinophilen. Dermatosen anstatt für multiple verschiedene Krankheitsprozesse.背景: 消化器症状を有し複数の投薬歴のある犬が、急性に多巣性から癒合性潰瘍状結節および大型局面を発症した。 目的: 本研究の目的は、予期せぬ表層および深層性重度好酸球性血管周囲炎もしくは間質性炎症を伴う異常な結節性臨床病変を説明することであった。 被験動物: 7歳、避妊雌のラブラドール・レトリバー。 材料と方法: 血液、糞便および尿検査、腹部レントゲン撮影を実施した。皮膚生検サンプルを細胞学的、培養および組織病理学的解析のため採取した。 結果: 血液、糞便、尿検査およびレントゲン像は正常範囲内であった。細胞学的検査結果では炎症細胞を認め、培養検査では何も検出されなかった。病理組織学的評価では、真皮および皮下組織の浮腫、ムチン沈着およびコラーゲン束を中心とした好酸球による非常に小さな病巣内密集体を伴う好酸球主体の血管周囲炎から間質性炎、好酸球性エクソサイトーシスおよび好酸球性小膿疱を認めた。限局性表皮下フィブリン滲出および出血は、表皮剥離および潰瘍形成をもたらした。以前の薬物療法の中止および抗炎症用量プレドニゾロンの漸減コースの投薬により皮膚および消化器症状の臨床的解決を認めた。 結論と臨床的重要性: 著者の知る限りでは、本報告は新しい臨床的および好酸球性の組織病理学的パターンの組み合わせを有する結節病変である。本症例においては、複数の異なる疾患プロセスではなく、無菌性好酸球性皮膚炎のスペクトルのエビデンスを提供している。.背景: 有胃肠道症状和多种药物用药史的犬,出现急性多灶性至聚结溃疡性结节和大斑块。 目的: 描述异常结节性临床病变,其具有意料之外的浅表和深层重度嗜酸性血管周围至间质炎症。 动物: 一只7岁绝育雌性拉布拉多猎犬。 方法和材料: 进行血液检查、粪便和尿液分析以及腹部x线检查;采集皮肤活检样本进行细胞学、培养和组织病理学分析。 结果: 血液检查、粪便、尿液分析和x线片均在正常范围内。细胞学结果显示炎症细胞,培养基无微生物生长。组织病理学评价显示真皮和皮下水肿、粘蛋白沉积和血管周围至间质炎症,主要是嗜酸性粒细胞,偶见以胶原束为中心的非常小的病灶内嗜酸性粒细胞致密聚集,以及嗜酸性粒细胞外涉和嗜酸性小脓疱。局灶性表皮下纤维蛋白渗出和出血导致表皮脱离和溃疡。在停用既往药物,并逐渐减少泼尼松龙抗炎剂量后,观察到皮肤和胃肠道症状消退。 结论和临床重要性: 据作者所知,这是一种新型结节性症状和嗜酸性组织病理学模式组合。该病例提供了一连串无菌性嗜酸性皮肤病的证据,而不是多种不同发病过程。.Um cão com sinais gastrointestinais e histórico de administração de vários medicamentos desenvolveu nódulos ulcerativos multifocais a coalescentes agudos e uma grande placa.Descrever lesões clínicas nodulares anormais apresentando grave inflamação eosinofílica superficial e profunda perivascular a intersticial.Uma fêmea de Labrador retriever castrada de sete anos de idade. MÉTODOS E MATERIAIS: Foram realizados exames de sangue, urinálise e exame de fezes e radiografias abdominais; amostras de biópsia de pele foram coletadas para análises citológicas, culturais e histopatológicas.Os exames de sangue, fezes, urinálise e radiografias estavam dentro dos limites da normalidade. Os resultados citológicos revelaram células inflamatórias e as culturas não apresentaram crescimento. A avaliação histopatológica revelou edema dérmico e subcutâneo, deposição de mucina e inflamação perivascular a intersticial predominada por eosinófilos com agregados densos intralesionais ocasionais muito pequenos de eosinófilos centrados em feixes de colágeno, exocitose eosinofílica e pequenas pústulas eosinofílicas. Exsudação focal subepidérmica de fibrina e hemorragia resultaram em descolamento e ulceração epidérmica. A resolução clínica dos sinais dermatológicos e gastrointestinais foi observada com a retirada de medicamentos anteriores e a administração de um curso de redução gradual de doses anti-inflamatórias de prednisolona. CONCLUSÕES E IMPORTÂNCIA CLÍNICA: De acordo com o conhecimento dos autores, esta é uma nova combinação de padrões histopatológicos clínicos e eosinofílicos nodulares. Este caso fornece evidências de um espectro de dermatoses eosinofílicas estéreis, ao invés de múltiplos processos de doença diferentes.

Reports of dermal sclerosis in dogs include scleroderma or morphea of unknown cause, cicatricial alopecia and congenital/hereditary fibrosis.A 12-year-old, male castrated chihuahua-mix dog was evaluated for skin lesions of unknown duration. The dog had severe alopecia, skin thickening and marked peripheral lymphadenopathy. Lymph node cytological investigation, immunohistochemical investigation and clonality testing demonstrated an intermediate to large B-cell lymphoma. The thickened skin had severe collagen deposition, effacing adnexal structures. The dog's lymphoma was treated but the skin lesions remained unchanged. The dog was euthanized.To the best of the authors' knowledge, this is the first report of multicentric B-cell lymphoma in a dog with concurrent diffuse cutaneous sclerosis, similar to a human paraneoplastic reaction.Les descriptions de sclérose dermique chez le chien comprennent la sclérodermie ou morphée de cause inconnue, l'alopécie cicatricielle et la fibrose congénitale/héréditaire. RÉSUMÉ CLINIQUE: Un chien chihuahua croisé mâle de 12 ans a été examiné pour lésions cutanées évoluant depuis une durée inconnue. Le chien présentait une alopécie sévère, un épaississement cutané et une lymphadénopathie périphérique. La cytologie ganglionnaire, l'immunohistochimie et les tests de clonalité ont montré un lymphome à cellule B, intermédiaire à large. La peau épaissie avait un dépôt sévère de collagène effaçant les structures annexielles. Le lymphome du chien a été traité mais les lésions cutanées sont restées identiques. Le chien a été euthanasié.A la connaissance des auteurs, ceci est la première description de lymphome B multicentrique chez un chien avec une sclérose cutanée diffuse concomitante semblable à une réaction paranéoplasique humaine.INTRODUCCIÓN: los informes de esclerosis dérmica en perros incluyen escleroderma o morfea de causa desconocida, alopecia cicatricial y fibrosis congénita/hereditaria. RESUMEN CLÍNICO: se presentó para examen de lesiones cutáneas de duración incierta un perro castrado mestizo de Chihuahua de 12 años. El perro tenía alopecia severa, engrosamiento de la piel y marcada linfadenopatía periférica. La investigación citológica de los ganglios linfáticos, la iinmunohistoquímica y las pruebas de clonalidad demostraron la presencia de un linfoma de células B medianas a grandes. La piel engrosada presentaba deposición intensa de colágeno, obliterando las folículos y estructuras anejas. El linfoma del perro fue tratado, pero las lesiones cutáneas permanecieron sin cambios. El perro fue sacrificado. CONCLUSIONES E IMPORTANCIA CLÍNICA: a entender de los autores, este es el primer informe de linfoma multicéntrico de células B en un perro junto con esclerosis cutánea difusa, similar a una reacción paraneoplásica humana.Berichte über eine dermale Sklerose bei Hunden beinhalten die Beschreibung einer Sklerodermie oder Morphea unbekannter Ursache, zikatrische Alopezie und eine kongenitale/hereditäre Fibrose.Die Hautveränderungen eines 12 Jahre alten kastrierten Chihuahuamischlingsrüden von unbekannter Dauer wurden evaluiert. Der Hund zeigte eine ausgeprägte Alopezie, Hautverdickung und eine deutliche periphere Lymphadenopathie. Die zytologische Untersuchung der Lymphknoten, eine immunhistochemische Untersuchung und ein Klonalitätstest zeigten ein intermediär- bis großzelliges B-Zell Lymphom. Die verdickte Haut zeigte eine deutliche Kollagenablagerung, die die adnexalen Strukturen auslöschten. Das Lymphom des Hundes wurde behandelt, aber die Hautveränderungen blieben gleich. Der Hund wurde euthanasiert.Nach bestem Wissen der Autoren handelt es sich hierbei um den ersten Bericht eines multizentrischen B-Zell Lymphoms bei einem Hund mit begleitender diffuser kutaner Sklerose, ähnlich einer paraneoplastischen Reaktion beim Menschen.背景: 犬の皮膚硬化症の報告には、強皮症または原因不明の形態、瘢痕性脱毛症および先天性/遺伝性線維症が含まれている。 臨床概要: 12歳、雄の去勢チワワミックス犬における、発症期間が不明な皮膚病変を評価した。 犬は重度の脱毛症、皮膚肥厚、顕著な末梢リンパ節腫脹を有していた。 リンパ節の細胞学的調査、免疫組織化学的調査およびクローナリティ検査は、中型から大型のB細胞性リンパ腫を示した。 肥厚した皮膚には、重度のコラーゲン沈着があり、付属器構造が消失していた。 犬のリンパ腫を治療したが、皮膚病変は変化しなかった。 犬は安楽死された。 結論と臨床的重要性: 著者の知る限り、これは、ヒト腫瘍随伴反応に類似した、犬の多中心型B細胞性リンパ腫に同時に認めたびまん性皮膚硬化症の最初の報告である。.背景: 关于犬皮肤硬化的报告包括不明原因的硬皮病或硬斑病,瘢痕性脱毛和先天性/遗传性纤维化。 临床总结: 对一只12岁去势雄性吉娃娃杂种犬的皮肤病变进行评估。该犬严重脱毛、皮肤增厚和明显的外周淋巴结病。淋巴结细胞学检查、免疫组化检查和克隆性检测,均显示中到大B细胞淋巴瘤。增厚的皮肤发生严重的胶原沉积,毛囊附件结构退化。这只犬的淋巴瘤得到了治疗,但皮肤病变没有改变。犬被安乐死。 结论和临床重要性: 据作者所知,这是被报告的第一例多中心型B细胞淋巴瘤患犬,同时并发弥漫性皮肤硬化,与人的副肿瘤反应类似。.Os achados clínicos de relatos de esclerose dérmica em cães incluem esclerodermia ou morfeia de causa desconhecida, alopecia cicatricial e fibrose congênita/hereditária. ACHADOS CLÍNICOS: Um cão macho castrado de 12 anos, mestiço de chihuahua foi avaliado devido a lesões cutâneas de duração desconhecida. O animal apresentava alopecia intensa, espessamento cutâneo e linfadenopatia periférica importante. A citologia de linfonodos, imunohistoquímica e teste de clonalidade revelaram um linfoma de células B intermediário a avançado. A pele espessada apresentava deposição de colágeno grave e estruturas anexas apagadas. O linfoma foi tratado, mas as lesões cutâneas permaneceram inalteradas. O cão foi eutanasiado. CONCLUSÕES E IMPORTÂNCIA CLÍNICA: De acordo com os conhecimentos do autor, este é o primeiro relato de linfoma multicêntrico de células B em um cão associado à esclerodermia difusa concomitante, similar a uma reação paraneoplásica em humanos.

OBJECTIVES To describe a small subset of canine solitary cutaneous histiocytoma in which lymph node metastasis has been documented. METHODS Cases of dogs with solitary cutaneous histiocytoma lesions and regional lymph node metastasis diagnosed via histopathology were found through a retrospective search of the databases of IDEXX Laboratories and the University of California, Davis Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital Clinical Diagnostic Laboratories. Information on signalment, history and clinical follow-up was obtained from the submittal form and/or via a questionnaire to the submitting veterinarian. Slides were available for review in seven cases and when possible immunohistochemistry was reviewed or performed by a single pathologist. RESULTS Eight cases met the inclusion criteria. The neoplasms had the typical appearance of histiocytomas. All tested samples were immunoreactive for CD18 and lacked immunoreactivity for other lymphocyte markers and CD11d. Immunoreactivity for E-cadherin varied among the neoplasms tested. Outcome was known for five dogs and at the time of manuscript preparation three of those dogs were alive 1682 days, 570 days and 318 days post-diagnosis. Of the other two dogs with known outcome, one was euthanased shortly after diagnosis and another was hit by a car. Of the dogs that were eventually lost to follow-up, one was reported to be disease-free 1003 days after diagnosis. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE Metastatic histiocytoma is rarely reported and distinction from aggressive disease processes such as histiocytic sarcoma may be difficult. Based upon a small number of cases with known outcomes, some dogs with solitary metastatic histiocytoma may experience favourable outcomes.

Metastatic dissemination of carcinomas to lymph nodes impacts prognosis and treatment recommendations in human and veterinary medicine. Routine histopathologic evaluation of regional lymph nodes involves haematoxylin and eosin (HE however, identification of small volume metastases (micrometastases and individual tumour cells) may be missed without the aid of immunohistochemistry or additional step-sections. The aim of this study was to identify occult carcinoma metastases in previously diagnosed non-metastatic lymph nodes using step-sections and pancytokeratin (panCK) immunohistochemistry. Samples from 20 regional lymph nodes diagnosed as non-metastatic were serially sectioned and evaluated with panCK. Of these, 25% (n = 5) contained micrometastases (n = 1) or isolated tumour cells (n = 4). This study demonstrates the increased efficacy of serial step-sections combined with panCK immunohistochemistry to identify small volume metastases in regional lymph nodes. The prognostic significance of micrometastases and isolated tumour cells in regional lymph nodes warrants further investigation in veterinary medicine.

Feline primary cutaneous lymphomas (FPCLs) account for 0.2% to 3% of all lymphomas in cats and are more frequently dermal nonepitheliotropic small T-cell tumors. Emergence of FPCL seems unrelated to feline leukemia virus (FeLV) serological positivity or to skin inflammation. A total of 17 cutaneous lymphomas with a history of vaccine injection at the site of tumor development were selected from 47 FPCLs. Clinical presentation, histology, immunophenotype, FeLV p27 and gp70 expression, and clonality were assessed. A majority of male (12/17), domestic short-haired (13/17) cats with a mean age of 11.3 years was reported. Postinjection time of development ranged from 15 days to approximately 9 years in 5 cats. At diagnosis, 11 of 17 cats had no evidence of internal disease. Lymphomas developed in interscapular (8/17), thoracic (8/17), and flank (1/17) cutaneous regions; lacked epitheliotropism; and were characterized by necrosis (16/17), angiocentricity (13/17), angioinvasion (9/17), angiodestruction (8/17), and peripheral inflammation composed of lymphoid aggregates (14/17). FeLV gp70 and/or p27 proteins were expressed in 10 of 17 tumors. By means of World Health Organization classification, immunophenotype, and clonality, the lesions were categorized as large B-cell lymphoma (11/17), anaplastic large T-cell lymphoma (3/17), natural killer cell–like (1/17) lymphoma, or peripheral T-cell lymphoma (1/17). Lineage remained uncertain in 1 case. Cutaneous lymphomas at injection sites (CLIS) shared some clinical and pathological features with feline injection site sarcomas and with lymphomas developing in the setting of subacute to chronic inflammation reported in human beings. Persistent inflammation induced by the injection and by reactivation of FeLV expression may have contributed to emergence of CLIS.

Fluconazole-induced alopecia is a significant problem for patients receiving long-term therapy. We evaluated the hair cycle changes of fluconazole in a rat model and investigated potential molecular mechanisms. Plasma and tissue levels of retinoic acid were not found to be causal. Human patients with alopecia attributed to fluconazole also underwent detailed assessment and in both our murine model and human cohort fluconazole induced telogen effluvium. Future work further examining the mechanism of fluconazole-induced alopecia should be undertaken.

Few studies have described the pathophysiology, clinical course, treatment outcomes and quality of life (QoL) of cats with pemphigus foliaceus (PF).Describe clinicopathological features, treatment outcomes and impacts on QoL in feline PF.Forty-nine client-owned cats with PF that presented to a veterinary teaching hospital between 1987 and 2017.Medical records and histopathological reports were reviewed to obtain clinicopathological data and treatment outcomes. Owners were contacted and requested to complete a questionnaire to obtain long-term follow-up and evaluate the impacts of PF on QoL of cats and owners.Domestic short/medium/long hair breeds were most commonly affected, with pinnae, head, haired face, nasal planum and ungual folds most frequently involved. Associated pruritus and systemic signs of illness were common. Vasculopathological changes were noted in a small proportion of cats. Corticosteroid monotherapy was sufficient to induce complete remission in the majority of cats. Pemphigus foliaceus and its management had a negative impact on QoL of both cats and owners. Receiving/administering medications, attending veterinary appointments, and financial and time commitments were cited sources of stress for affected cats and/or owners.Results illustrate that affected cats generally respond favourably to treatment but do require long-term therapy. The exact aetiology of the vasculopathological changes was unclear; it may reflect the stage or severity of disease or suggest the presence of a cutaneous adverse drug reaction. Clinicians managing cats with PF should be aware of the potential negative impact on QoL of owners and cats and adjust management accordingly.Peu d’études décrivent la pathophysiologie, l’évolution clinique et thérapeutique et la qualité de vie (QoL) des chats atteints de pemphigus foliacé (PF).Décrire les critères clinicopathologiques, l'efficacité et l'impact des traitements sur la QoL dans le PF félin.Quarante neuf chats de propriétaires atteints de PF présentés à un hôpital d'enseignement vétérinaire entre 1987 et 2017. MATÉRIEL ET MÉTHODE: Les données médicales et histopathologiques ont été revues pour obtenir les données clinicopathologiques et les effets des traitements. Les propriétaires ont été contactés et ont rempli un questionnaire pour obtenir un suivi au long cours et évaluer l'impact du PF sur la QoL des chats et de leurs propriétaires. RÉSULTATS: Les races de chats européens à poils cours/moyen/long étaient les plus fréquemment atteints avec les pavillons, la tête et les zones velues, le planum nasal et les plis unguéaux les plus fréquemment touchés. Le prurit associé et les signes systémiques étaient fréquents. Les changements vasculopathologiques ont été notés dans une petite proportion de chats. Le pemphigus foliacé et sa gestion avaient un impact négatif sur la QoL à la fois chez le chat et chez les propriétaires. Administrer/recevoir le traitement, assister aux contrôles vétérinaires et les pertes financières et de temps ont été les source de stress citées pour les chats atteints et leurs propriétaires.Les résultats illustrent que les chats atteints répondent en général favorablement au traitement mais nécessite un traitement au long cours. L’étiologie exacte des changements vasculopathologiques n'est pas clair ; il peut refléter le stade de sévérité de la maladie ou suggérer la présence de réaction cutanée médicamenteuse cutanée. Les cliniciens gérant les chats avec PF devraient être attentifs à l'impact négatif potentiel sur la QoL des propriétaires et des chats et ajuster le traitement en fonction.INTRODUCCIÓN: pocos estudios han descrito la fisiopatología, el curso clínico, los resultados del tratamiento y la calidad de vida (QoL) de los gatos con pénfigo foliáceo (PF). OBJETIVO: describir las características clínico-patológicas, los resultados del tratamiento y el impacto en la calidad de vida en el PF felino. ANIMALES: Cuarenta y nueve gatos de propietarios particulares con PF que se presentaron en un hospital de enseñanza veterinaria entre 1987 y 2017. MÉTODOS Y MATERIALES: se revisaron las historias clínicas y los informes histopatológicos para obtener datos clínico-patológicos y resultados del tratamiento. Se estableció contacto con los propietarios y se les solicitó completar un cuestionario para obtener un seguimiento a largo plazo y evaluar el impacto del PF en la calidad de vida de los gatos y de los propietarios. RESULTADOS: las razas domésticas de pelo corto/mediano/largo fueron las más afectadas, con lesiones más frecuentes en pabellones auriculares, cabeza, zonas de cara con pelo, plano nasal y pliegues unguales. Con frecuencia hubo prurito asociado y signos sistémicos de enfermedad. Se observaron cambios vasculopatológicos en una pequeña proporción de gatos. La monoterapia con corticosteroides fue suficiente para inducir remisión completa en la mayoría de los gatos. Pénfigo foliáceo y su manejo tuvieron un impacto negativo en la calidad de vida de los gatos y de los propietarios. Las fuentes de estrés citadas para gatos y/o propietarios afectados incluyeron administrar medicamentos, asistir al veterinario y el compromiso financiero y de tiempo. CONCLUSIONES E IMPORTANCIA CLÍNICA: los resultados indican que los gatos afectados generalmente responden favorablemente al tratamiento, pero requieren una terapia a largo plazo. La etiología exacta de los cambios vasculopatológicos no estaba clara; puede reflejar el estadio o la gravedad de la enfermedad o sugerir la presencia de una reacción farmacológica adversa cutánea. Los clínicos que manejan gatos con PF deben ser conscientes del posible impacto negativo en la calidad de vida de los propietarios y de los gatos y acomodar el manejo de cada caso individualmente.Es gibt nur wenige Studien, welche die Pathophysiologie, den klinischen Verlauf, das Ergebnis der Therapie und die Lebensqualität (QoL) bei Katzen mit Pemphigus foliaceus (PF) beschreiben.Das Ziel war eine Beschreibung der klinisch-pathologischen Merkmale, der Behandlungsergebnisse und der Auswirkung der QoL bei Katzen mit Pemphigus.Neunundvierzig private Katzen mit PF, die in einer veterinärmedizinischen Universitätsklinik zwischen 1987 und 2017 vorgestellt wurden.Es wurden die medizinischen Karteien und die histopathologischen Befunde durchgesehen, um die klinisch pathologischen Daten sowie die Ergebnisse einer Behandlung zu erfassen.Die Erkrankung trat am häufigsten bei Hauskatzen mit kurzem/medium/langem Haar auf, wobei die Ohren, der Kopf, das behaarte Gesicht, der Nasenspiegel und der Krallenfalz am häufigsten betroffen waren. Ein damit einhergehender Juckreiz sowie systemische Anzeichen einer Erkrankung traten häufig auf. In einer kleinen Anzahl von Katzen wurden pathologische Veränderungen der Blutgefäße festgestellt. Eine Monotherapie mit Corticosteroiden war ausreichend, um in der Mehrheit der Katzen eine komplette Remission zu erzielen. Der Pemphigus foliaceus und sein Management hatte eine negative Auswirkung auf die QoL der Katzen sowie deren BesitzerInnen. Medikation zu bekommen bzw zu verabreichen, zu Tierarztterminen zu erscheinen, sowie ein finanzieller wie ein Zeitaufwand wurden als Quellen von Stress für die betroffenen Katzen und/oder ihre BesitzerInnen genannt.Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass die betroffenen Katzen in der Regel gut auf die Behandlung ansprechen, aber eine Langzeittherapie benötigen. Die genaue Ätiologie dieser pathologischen Veränderungen der Blutgefäße war unklar; es könnte die Phase oder die Schwere der Erkrankung reflektieren oder auf das Vorliegen einer unerwünschten kutanen Arzneimittelnebenwirkung hinweisen. KlinikerInnen, die Katzen mit PF behandeln, sollten sich im Klaren sein über die mögliche negative Auswirkung auf die QoL von BesitzerInnen und Katzen und sollten ihr Management entsprechend anpassen.背景: 落葉状天疱瘡(PF)の猫の病態生理学、臨床経過、治療成績および生活の質(QoL)について記述した研究はほとんどない。 目的: 猫PFにおける臨床病理学的特徴、治療成績およびQoLへの影響を記述する。 被験動物: 1987年〜2017年の間に獣医教育病院に来院したPFに罹患した49頭の飼育猫。 材料と方法: 臨床病理学的データと治療成績を得るため、医療記録と病理組織学的報告をレビューした。飼い主に連絡を取り、長期間の追跡調査を行い、猫と飼い主のQoLに対するPFの影響を評価するためのアンケートに回答するよう求めた。 結果: 国内のショート/ミディアム/ロングヘアーの品種が最も一般的に罹患し、耳介、頭部、顔面の有毛部、鼻稜部、および爪床が最も頻繁に関与した。PFに関連した掻痒および全身性の疾患徴候が一般的であった。血管病理学的変化は、ごく一部の猫で認められた。コルチコステロイド単独療法は、大多数の猫において完全寛解を誘導するのに十分であった。落葉状天疱瘡およびその管理は、猫および飼い主の両方のQOLに悪影響を及ぼした。罹患猫および/または飼い主のストレスの原因として、薬物治療の受領/投薬、獣医師の予約に対する通院、および金銭的および時間的な拘束が挙げられた。 結論と臨床的重要性: 結果は、罹患猫は一般的に治療に好意的に反応するが長期治療を必要とすることを示唆している。血管病理学的変化の正確な病因は不明であった。それは病気のステージや重症度を反映しているか、または皮膚有害薬物反応の存在を示唆しているかもしれない。 PF猫を管理する臨床医は、飼い主と猫のQoLに対する潜在的な悪影響を認識し、それに応じて管理を調整する必要がある。.背景: 很少有研究报告猫落叶型天疱疮(PF)的病理生理学、临床过程、治疗结果和生活质量(QoL)。 目的: 报告猫PF中的临床病理学特征、治疗结果和对QoL的影响。 动物: 1987年至2017年期间,兽医教学医院治疗的49只PF家猫。 方法和材料: 查阅病例和组织病理学报告,以获得临床病理学数据和治疗结果。联系猫主人并要求他们填写调查问卷,进行长期随访,并评估PF对猫和猫主人生活质量的影响。 结果: 国内短/中/长毛品种最常见发病,最高发的部位是耳廓、头部、面部、鼻面、爪褶。相关的瘙痒和全身症状很常见,一小部分猫有血管病理学变化。单独使用皮质类固醇治疗足以完全缓解大多数猫的症状。落叶型天疱疮及其治疗对猫和猫主人的生活质量都有负面影响。接受/给药物、预约兽医、以及费用和时间承诺被认为是患猫和/或猫主人的压力来源。 结论和临床意义: 结果表明,患猫通常对治疗反应良好,但需要长期治疗。血管病理学变化的确切病因尚不清楚; 它可能反映了疾病的阶段或严重程度,或提示存在皮肤药物副反应。临床医生在治疗猫PF时,应该考虑到对猫和猫主人的生活质量的潜在负面影响,并相应地调整治疗方案。.Há poucos estudos na literatura descrevendo a patofisiologia, o decurso, a resposta ao tratamento, e a qualidade de vida (QoL) de gatos com pênfigo foliáceo (PF).Descrever as características clinicopatológicas, resposta ao tratamento e impactos na QoL do PF em felinos.Quarenta e nove gatos de proprietários com PF atendidos em um hospital veterinário entre 1987 e 2017. MÉTODOS E MATERIAIS: Históricos clínicos e laudos histopatológicos foram revisados para se obter os dados clinicopatológicos e resposta terapêutica. Os proprietários dos animais foram contactados para que pudessem completar o questionário referente ao acompanhamento a longo prazo e avaliar o impacto do PF na sua QoL e na dos seus animais.Gatos domésticos de pelo curto/médio/longo foram as raças mais afetadas, sendo as orelhas, a cabeça, a face hirsuta, o plano nasal e o leito ungueal as áreas corpóreas mais frequentemente afetadas. Sinais sistêmicos de doença e prurido associado foram comuns. Alterações vasculopatológicas foram observadas em uma pequena proporção de gatos. Corticoterapia em monoterapia foi suficiente para induzir remissão completa na maioria dos animais. O PF e seu manejo apresentaram um impacto negativo na QoL dos felinos e de seus proprietários. Receber/administrar medicações, comparecer a consultas veterinárias, e o comprometimento financeiro e de tempo foram citados como fontes de estresse para os gatos afetados e/ou seus proprietários. CONCLUSÕES E IMPORTÂNCIA CLÍNICA: Os resultados ilustram que os gatos afetados geralmente respondem favoravelmente ao tratamento, mas demandam terapia de longo prazo. A exata etiologia das alterações vasculopatológicas não foi clara; elas podem refletir o estágio ou a gravidade da doença ou sugerir a presença de reações cutâneas adversas a medicamentos. Clínicos que estejam tratando gatos com PF devem ficar atentos ao seu potencial impacto negativo na QoL dos proprietários e dos felinos e ajustar o tratamento de acordo com isto.

A 14-year-old female spayed Dachshund was presented with generalized scaling, erythema, pruritus, poor quality of hair coat, and progressive weight loss. Cutaneous epitheliotropic T-cell lymphoma (CETCL) was suspected. Skin biopsies were suggestive of CETCL. However, immunohistochemistry revealed the presence of numerous CD20+ and CD3+ cells. Clonality assay demonstrated a clonal T-cell receptor gamma rearrangement and a polyclonal IgH gene rearrangement. Double-label immunofluorescence confirmed coexpression of CD3 and CD20 by neoplastic cells. By double immunohistochemistry, neoplastic cells were CD3+ and PAX5–. The results are compatible with a CD3+, CD20+ CETCL. Coexpression of CD20 and CD3 has been recognized in peripheral T-cell lymphomas. Although documented in human CETCL, it has not been reported in canine CETCL. The pathogenetic basis of CD20 expression in mycosis fungoides is explored.

Equus caballus papillomavirus 2 (EcPV2) has been proposed as an etiologic agent for genital squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), the most common malignant tumor of the horse penis. EcPV2 is commonly detected by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) on normal horse genitalia; therefore, unraveling the virus’ role in oncogenic transformation requires other methods of detection. In this study, a highly sensitive multiple-probe chromogenic in situ hybridization (ISH) technique was designed to recognize the E6/E7 oncogenes of EcPV2. ISH demonstrated abundant virus within 6 of 13 penile and preputial SCCs, whereas evidence of solar damage was found in 6 cases that were negative for EcPV2 by ISH. The ISH technique is valuable for studies of pathogenesis, since it demonstrates for the first time that the vast majority of neoplastic cells contain virus. Moreover, hybridization was present in all metastases examined, implying stability of E6/E7 expression in these clonal populations of neoplastic cells. This study contributes to the accumulating evidence for a causal role of EcPV2 in a subset of genital SCCs in horses.

Leucaena (Leucaena leucocephala) is a leguminous tree that is nutritious forage for domestic livestock when ingested in limited amounts. Unfortunately, leucaena contains mimosine, a plant amino acid, that can be toxic when ingested at higher concentrations. Reported toxic effects include alopecia (fur loss), poor body condition, infertility, low birth weight, thyroid gland dysfunction, and organ toxicity. Originally native to Mexico and Central America, leucaena has been introduced throughout the tropics, including Berenty Reserve, Madagascar where it was planted as supplemental browse for livestock. In Berenty, a seasonal syndrome of alopecia in ringtailed lemurs (Lemur catta) is associated with eating leucaena. Although much is known about the toxic effects of leucaena and mimosine on domestic animals and humans, the systemic effects on wildlife had not been studied. In a comparison of lemurs that include leucaena in their diet and those that do not, we found that animals that ingest leucaena absorb mimosine but that ingestion does not affect body condition, cause kidney or liver toxicity, or affect the intestinal tract. Alopecia is due to mimosine's interference of the hair follicle cycle. Leucaena ingestion is associated with higher serum albumin, α-tocopherol, and thyroxine concentrations, suggesting that leucaena may provide some nutritional benefit and that lemurs can detoxify and convert mimosine to a thyroid stimulating metabolite. The primary conservation consequence of leucaena ingestion at Berenty may be increased infant mortality due to the infants' inability cling to their alopecic mothers. The widespread introduction of leucaena throughout the tropics and its rapid spread in secondary forest conditions mean that many other leaf-eating mammals may be including this tree in their diet. Thus, exposure to leucaena should be considered when wildlife health is being evaluated, and the potential effects on wildlife health should be considered when contemplating leucaena introduction into or near wildlife habitat. Am. J. Primatol. 77:633–641, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Background Follicular tumors and cysts are common skin lesions in dogs. Both are distinguished based on their cellular origin (matrical, isthmus, or infundibular cells) and the type of keratin they produce. Typically, differentiation requires histopathology, as all these lesions often have similar cytologic features. Objectives The goal of this retrospective study was to identify unique cytologic features that may assist differentiation of canine benign follicular tumors and cysts at cytology, using histopathology as gold standard. Methods Electronic medical records of the University of California-Davis Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital were searched for diagnoses of follicular tumors and cysts in dogs that had both histopathologic and cytologic diagnoses between January 2000 and December 2013. Cytologic specimens were reassessed in a blinded manner for the presence and type of background, cells, noncellular elements, and inflammation. Results Forty-six samples were included in the study. Follicular cysts (n = 25) and infundibular keratinizing acanthomas (n = 5) contained sheets of keratinized anucleate to nucleated squamous cells. Trichoepitheliomas (n = 8) had 2 primary cytologic presentations: those with primarily basaloid cells that appeared to be undergoing keratinization (3/8; 38%) and those with keratinizing anucleate to nucleated squamous cells (5/8; 63%). Trichoblastomas (n = 8) had pink matrix with spindle cells and contained cohesive clusters of basaloid cells. Conclusion Trichoblastomas, and to a lesser extent, trichoepitheliomas, have unique cytologic features with the potential to distinguish them from other benign follicular tumors and cysts. These results are an important first step toward improving the diagnostic specificity of cytologic examination of cutaneous follicular lesions.

Dogs exhibit a wide variety of coat color types, and many genes have been identified that control pigment production, appearance, and distribution. Some breeds, such as the Nova Scotia Duck Tolling Retriever (NSDTR), exhibit variation in pheomelanin pigment intensity that is not explained by known genetic variants. A genome-wide association study comparing light red to dark red in the NSDTR identified a significantly associated region on canine chromosome 15 (CFA 15:23 Mb&ndash, 38 Mb). Coverage analysis of whole genome sequence data from eight dogs identified a 6 kb copy number variant (CNV) 152 kb upstream of KITLG. Genotyping with digital droplet PCR (ddPCR) confirmed a significant association between an increased copy number with the dark-red coat color in NSDTR (p = 6.1 &times, 10&minus, 7). The copy number of the CNV was also significantly associated with coat color variation in both eumelanin and pheomelanin-based Poodles (p = 1.5 &times, 8, 4.0 &times, 9) and across other breeds. Moreover, the copy number correlated with pigment intensity along the hair shaft in both pheomelanin and eumelanin coats. KITLG plays an important role in melanogenesis, and variants upstream of KITLG have been associated with coat color variation in mice as well as hair color in humans consistent with its role in the domestic dog.

Objective To describe a surgical technique for laparoscopic medial iliac lymph node (MILN) extirpation, and to describe the quality of biopsy specimens obtained. Design Experimental study. Animals Purpose-bred male hound-mix research dogs (n = 8). Methods Dogs were randomized to groups of left or right-sided laparoscopic surgical approaches. Three transperitoneal portals were established with the dogs in lateral recumbency, and ipsilateral MILN dissection was achieved under CO2 pneumoperitoneum using a vessel-sealing device. Results MILN ipsilateral to the approach were successfully identified and removed laparoscopically in 8 dogs. Observed complications included mild to moderate hemorrhage that was controlled laparoscopically in 4 dogs, and tearing of the MILN capsule during retraction and dissection in 3 dogs. No other major complications occurred and all dogs recovered uneventfully. Areas of either minor peripheral (9/9) or central (4/9) pinch artifact affected a median percentage of 5% of surface area (range, 5–30%) of bisected lymph nodes. Conclusions Laparoscopic MILN extirpation is feasible in dogs with normal MILN and may serve as a minimally invasive approach for excisional biopsy in the diagnostic staging of canine onocologic patients with normal-sized MILN. This lateral laparoscopic approach allows dissection of the ipsilateral MILN but precludes removal of the contralateral MILN. Minimal handling of the lymph node during dissection and removal is required to reduce the risk of capsular tear, or introduction of possible histologic artifact by tissue crush that may impact diagnosis.

Objective To describe a technique for video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS) extirpation of the tracheobronchial lymph nodes (TBLN), and to describe the quality of biopsy specimens obtained. Design Experimental study. Animals Purpose-bred male hound-mix research dogs (n = 8). Methods Dogs were randomized to groups of left-sided or right-sided VATS approaches. One lung ventilation was used and TBLN dissection was achieved using a vessel-sealing device. Results TBLNs ipsilateral to the approach were successfully identified and removed thoracoscopically in 7 dogs. A 3-port technique was used in 6 dogs and 4 ports were used in 2 dogs. Observed complications included mild-moderate hemorrhage from the perinodal tissue controlled thoracoscopically (n = 2), inability to locate any TBLN (1), and difficulty achieving or maintaining one-lung ventilation (4). No other major complications occurred and all dogs recovered uneventfully. Median percentage surface area of the bisected lymph nodes affected by crush artifact was 20% (range, 0–40%). Areas of crush artifact were present in central (7/11) and peripheral (9/11) locations. Conclusions and Clinical Relevance Thoracoscopic TBLN extirpation is a feasible technique in dogs with normal TBLN and may be useful for obtaining more detailed staging on microscopic disease status in oncologic patients with normal-sized TBLNs. Further study is warranted to determine the feasibility and limitations of this technique in clinical patients with overt lymphadenopathy.

BACKGROUND: Solar‐induced thermal burns of dark skin over the dorsum have been reported in dogs, sheep and a pig. OBJECTIVES: This report describes an outbreak of solar‐induced thermal burns over the dorsal skin of criollo and Texel sheep in Uruguay. ANIMALS AND METHODS: Cross‐bred criollo and pure‐bred Texel adult ewes from a flock of 80 animals presented with severe skin lesions. Eight animals were evaluated clinically and skin biopsy specimens were collected from three ewes for histopathology. Epidemiological data were collected. RESULTS: Black/brown criollo sheep presented with extensive, wide, linear dorsal skin necrosis extending from the interscapular to the lumbosacral area. Necrotic skin was firm, dry and largely detached from the underlying subcutis. Nonpigmented Texel sheep showed milder lesions with rapid re‐epithelialization and healing. Histological features were consistent with third‐degree burns, characterized by full‐thickness coagulative necrosis of epidermis and dermis, including blood vessels and adnexa. The cumulative incidence of the disease was 21% during the 30 days post‐shearing, affecting 50% of criollo and 7.4% of Texel sheep (P

A 25-yr-old spayed female spotted hyena (Crocuta crocuta) developed intermittent right pelvic limb lameness that persisted following conservative medical therapy. No obvious musculoskeletal lesions were noted on initial physical exam; however, spinal radiography was suspicious for possible intervertebral degenerative joint disease or discospondylitis. Despite prolonged medical therapy, the lameness progressed to minimal weight bearing and marked muscle atrophy of the right pelvic limb. Electromyography showed spontaneous activity in the muscles of right sciatic nerve distribution. Sensory and motor nerve conduction velocities in the right tibial and peroneal nerves were undetectable and markedly reduced, respectively. A magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scan revealed a large, space-occupying mass on the right side of the sacrum and pelvis. Antemortem fine-needle aspiration of the mass and postmortem histopathology resulted in diagnosis of a high-grade squamous cell carcinoma of the anal sac. Squamous cell carcinoma of the anal sac is very rare in domestic dogs and previously unreported in spotted hyenas.

Chronic progressive lymphedema is a disorder of many draft horse breeds that presents with progressive swelling of the distal portions of the legs. This is associated with scaling, marked dermal fibrosis, and the development of skin folds and nodules. There seems to be a genetic predisposition to altered elastin metabolism and impaired function of the lymphatic system in the distal extremities. Management is palliative and involves keeping the feathers clipped short, treating secondary infections, daily exercise and skin care, hydrotherapy, manual lymph drainage and compression bandaging.

Background Histopathology has been essential in advancing our knowledge in veterinary dermatology. However, morphological features and histological patterns cannot always reveal an aetiological diagnosis. Objectives Several ancillary techniques can assist in achieving an aetiological diagnosis. Some of these techniques have found their way into routine diagnostic dermatopathology, whereas others are still mainly used in research. This review discusses the utility, strengths, advantages/disadvantages and challenges associated with each technique. Methods Digital microscopy, immunohistochemistry, immunofluorescence, salt-split skin, Western blots, electron microscopy, PCR, in situ hybridization, tissue microarrays, next-generation sequencing, DNA microarrays and laser microdissection are discussed. Conclusions It is crucial to understand the limitations of each technique and to correlate the results both with pathological findings and the clinical presentation. As such, dermatopathology will remain the important link between benchtop science, available results from ancillary techniques and clinical veterinary dermatology.

BACKGROUND Hyperaesthetic leucotrichia (HL) rarely affects horses and causes painful lesions on the dorsum that result in leucotrichia. This may be a variant of erythema multiforme (EM), but there are no studies investigating this condition. OBJECTIVES Describe the clinical and histological features of HL and compare them to the histological features of EM. METHODS A retrospective review of medical records from 1985 to 2015 identified 15 horses with HL. Thirteen biopsies of HL and five of EM were evaluated and compared. RESULTS Arabian horses and their crosses (χ(2) (1) = 8.56, P

Case Description—A 10-year-old Lipizzaner stallion was evaluated over the course of 1.5 years because of intermittent, recurrent colic. Clinical Findings—The horse was initially treated medically for gastric ulcers; dietary changes were made, and a deworming protocol was instituted, without resolution of colic episodes. Subsequently, the horse underwent exploratory celiotomy and a large colon volvulus was identified with diffuse colonic wall thickening. A pelvic flexure biopsy sample was submitted for histologic examination, which revealed lymphocytic (CD3-positive T cells) myenteric ganglionitis (MG). The horse developed a cecal impaction after surgery, which did not resolve, despite aggressive medical management; subsequently a complete cecal bypass was performed. Cecal and colonic wall biopsy samples were evaluated histologically and confirmed the diagnosis of MG. After surgery, the horse developed a large colon impaction, which initially responded to aggressive medical treatment, and the horse was discharged. Treatment and Outcome—Despite rigorous feed restrictions and prokinetic and corticosteroid treatment, the horse continued to have signs of colic and was euthanized 3 weeks after discharge from the hospital because of a recurrent large colon impaction. Intestinal biopsy samples obtained at the time of death revealed chronic changes in intramural ganglia consistent with generalized MG. Clinical Relevance—MG is a rare disease in horses, causing gastrointestinal motility dysfunction and signs of colic, which is challenging to diagnose and treat successfully. Further studies are needed to identify the etiology of this disease and to explore treatment options.

Objective—To determine whether CT provides unique information about the treatment or prognosis for horses with ethmoid hematoma (EH). Design—Retrospective case series. Animals—16 horses with EH. Procedures—Horses with a diagnosis of EH that had undergone a diagnostic CT study were included. Clinical features, treatment, outcome, radiographic and CT images, and histologic specimens were reviewed. Results—CT provided new diagnostic information that affected treatment in 10 of 16 horses. Bilateral disease occurred in 8 of 16 horses and was undetected in 5 horses prior to CT. Paranasal sinus involvement occurred in all horses, but was incompletely defined prior to CT in 7 of 16 horses. The sphenopalatine sinus was affected in 6 of 16 horses as detected on CT; 4 of 6 of these were bilaterally affected. Medical and surgical treatments were performed. Six of 10 horses had a successful outcome, with recurrence in 4 of 10. Five of 6 patients in which treatment addressed all lesion sites identified by CT had a successful outcome. Bilateral disease did not confer a poor prognosis when all affected sites were treated. Sphenopalatine sinus involvement may have been associated with recurrence. Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—CT provided anatomic information that may facilitate effective treatment of horses with EH, particularly in patients with bilateral disease and paranasal sinus involvement. Computed tomography is recommended for patients in which the lesion cannot be viewed endoscopically, when sinus involvement or multifocal disease are suspected, or when the lesion has been unresponsive to treatment.

Objective To (1) determine if histologic scores of pelvic flexure biopsies can predict short-term survival in horses with large colon volvulus (LCV) and (2) identify clinical variables predictive of short-term survival. Study Design Case series. Animals Horses (n = 28) with LCV (≥360°). Methods Medical records (January 2000–February 2008) of 28 horses were reviewed and clinical data recorded. Pelvic flexure biopsies were reviewed by 2 board-certified veterinary pathologists, unaware of clinical history and outcome, using 2 scoring systems. Exact logistic regression analysis was used to determine the relationship between histopathology scores (tissue viability), clinical data, and short-term survival (hospital discharge). Results Twenty-four horses (86%) survived to hospital discharge. Using a similar cutoff, neither scoring system was capable of predicting short-term survival. One scoring system failed to correctly predict clinical outcome in 5/25 horses (20%) and the other failed in 6/28 horses (22.4%). Heart rate (at admission and 24 hours after surgery) and packed cell volume 24 hours after surgery were significantly associated with short-term survival. Conclusion Histopathologic evaluation of pelvic flexure biopsies did not accurately predict short-term survival in a significant proportion of horses with LCV in this study.

In dogs, papillomaviruses are thought to cause oral and cutaneous papillomas and pigmented plaques. Eight canine papillomaviruses have been fully sequenced to date. Four of these canine papillomaviruses, including Canis familiaris papillomavirus (CPV)-3, CPV-4, CPV-5, and CPV-8, were amplified from pigmented plaques. Given the identification of several different canine papillomaviruses within pigmented plaques, it is likely that there are additional papillomavirus sequences that have not been previously identified. The aim of the present study was to amplify papillomavirus DNA from pigmented plaques and identify potentially novel papillomavirus sequences through nucleotide sequence analysis. Polymerase chain reaction was used to amplify DNA sequences of the papillomavirus L1 gene from 27 pigmented plaques. Identification of novel papillomavirus sequences was based on less than 90% shared DNA homology to any known papillomavirus. DNA from 10 different papillomaviruses was identified within the pigmented plaques, including 6 putative novel papillomavirus sequences. CPV-4 was detected within 41% (11/27) of the pigmented plaques, while CPV-5 was identified within 2 pigmented plaques and CPV-3 within a single pigmented plaque. A previously identified novel papillomavirus sequence was identified within 2 pigmented plaques. The remaining 11 pigmented plaques contained 6 papillomavirus DNA sequences that have not been previously reported. These putative novel PV sequences were most similar to the canine papillomaviruses that have been detected within canine pigmented plaques.

Three horses presented with variably painful, nonulcerated masses of the head or neck that were diagnosed as glomus tumours. Grossly, they were fleshy, pink to tan masses ranging from 0.4 to 9 cm in diameter, involving either the deep dermis and subcutis or the subcutis and underlying skeletal muscle. Microscopically, neoplastic epithelioid cells were arranged in sheets, cords and packets within lobules. The neoplastic cells frequently abutted and formed nodular bulges into large endothelium-lined vascular spaces, especially around the tumour periphery. Large nerve branches were associated with each tumour. As determined by immunohistochemistry, the neoplastic cells consistently expressed α-smooth muscle actin and vimentin, and some cells in two of the cases expressed desmin. A laminin- or collagen IV-positive basement membrane was demonstrated around individual tumour cells or small groups of cells in all three cases. Morphological features and immunohistochemistry supported the diagnosis of glomus tumour, most consistent with the solid type in humans. Applying a classification system used in humans, two of these tumours met criteria of malignancy (glomangiosarcomas). One horse was euthanized due to complications associated with recurrence and treatment-related necrosis and secondary infection.

Summary Reasons for performing study: Early diagnosis of chronic progressive lymphoedema (CPL) may result in more effective interventions and provide a basis for further investigation of whether early diagnosis could be used as a means of eliminating potential genetic influences by cessation of breeding from affected individuals. Hypothesis: Lymphoscintigraphy may be useful in draught horses to differentiate early lesions of CPL from other conditions in the pastern region. Methods: Forelimbs of 2 normal and 5 CPL-affected draught horses were evaluated with lymphoscintigraphy. Results: Lymphoscintigraphy showed clearly the presence of interstitial fluid stasis and delayed lymphatic drainage in the affected extremities of diseased animals in contrast to normal animals of these breeds. The rate of decreased clearance of a particulate radiopharmaceutical from the tissues was related positively to the severity of clinical signs. Conclusions and potential relevance: Our findings support the hypothesis that lymph stasis is probably responsible for the progressive swelling and concurrent skin lesions observed in association with CPL in draught horses. Lymphoscintigraphy should also prove useful in diagnosis of CPL in draught horses, even in the mild stages of the disease; such early diagnosis may result in more effective intervention.