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A Blockchain-based decentralized cab aggregator system that aims to revolutionize the traditional ride-hailing industry. The system leverages the transparency and security features of blockchain technology to create a thrustless environment where riders and drivers can connect without the need for intermediaries. The decentralized platform also eliminates the problem of surge pricing and ensures that drivers are paid fairly. In addition, the use of smart contracts ensures that all parties fulfil their obligations, thereby reducing the risk of fraud and disputes. The project promises to create a more equitable and efficient cab aggregation system that benefits all stakeholders involved.

Iyothee Thass Was South India’s first anti-caste militant, social worker, Tamil scholar and psychiatrist. He was one of the pioneers in the formation of Dravidian movement. He was active in the fields of politics, religion and literature for the betterment of the oppressed people. He advised Buddhism that the original religion of the Pariyars was Buddhism and therefore they should convert to Buddhism. Apart from Tamil, he is proficient is Sanskrit, Pali and English. Iyothee Thass, who throughout his life worked for the interests of the oppressed, was one of the foremost proponents of the Dravidian and ‘Tamil’ identities. He coined the term ‘Dravidian’ as a political term that was only used by those who were engaged in research on the Dravidian language family. Iyothee Thass is an astonishing researcher. It is time to strictly follow the practice of untouchability of caste on Dalit people. He was a pioneer for Periyar at the Tamil Nadu level and Ambedkar at the Indian level for policies such as rational reservation, social change, caste eradication and anti-Hinduism in higher caste iyothe Thass Pandit was the first create such a social change

The prevalence of Non-Communicable Diseases (NCDs) is dramatically rising around the globe. Diet is considered as an important modifiable risk factor in the management of NCDs. Over the past few decades, functional foods are being increasingly employed as complementary therapy for the prevention and management of diseases. Chia seed is one such functional food which is said to possess hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic properties. Due to their nutrient and bioactive component profile, chia seeds offer a great potential in food industries, medical, pharmaceuticals etc. To date, however available evidence supporting their inclusion into the diet is scarce and inconsistent. The objective of the present study was to analyze the nutrient, phytochemical and antioxidant profile of chia seeds, develop 10 equicarbohydrate recipes incorporating chia seeds at three different levels and to carry out sensory evaluation of the developed recipes. Nutrient analysis of chia seeds revealed that they contain good amounts of protein (20.7 g), fat (28.2 g), PUFA (24.9 g) and iron (12.4 mg). Phytochemical profile analysis indicated that alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins and various glycosides were present. Ten equicarbohydrate recipes namely, poha, methi thepla, muthiya, vegetable cutlet, handvo, upma, sindhi koki roti, besan chilla, peas kebab and khichri were developed and incorporated with chia seeds at three different levels i.e. 4, 8 and 12g. Thirty semi trained panelists carried out sensory evaluation of these recipes. To analyze the acceptability of traditional Indian recipes incorporated with chia seeds, a 9-point hedonic rating scale was used to evaluate sensory attributes like appearance, texture, mouth feel etc. Sensory evaluation revealed that chia seeds could be incorporated effectively in traditional Indian recipes with good acceptability with all levels of incorporation. At the middle level of incorporation, i.e. 8 g of chia seeds, handvo (19.4 ± 9.31), poha (20.6 ± 9.54) and muthiya (21.96 ± 9.08) were found to be most acceptable among all the recipes based on total scores. It may thus be concluded that incorporation of omega-3 fatty acid and phytochemical rich chia seeds in traditional Indian recipes is feasible and acceptable and this could have important implications in the prevention and management of NCDs.

Introduction: Patients with Developmental dysplasia of hip many a times present later in the age due to missed or delayed diagnosis. The treatment of DDH is mainly dependent upon the age of the child at the time of presentation and varies according to it. In the late presenting cases it is mostly surgical with open reduction alone or in combination with pelvic and femoral osteotomies. Materials and Methods: This study between October 2012 and October 2014 includes 21 patients with unilateral dysplastic hips, surgically treated with a single stage procedure of open reduction and Acetabuloplasty of Pemberton, along with Varus derotation osteotomy and femoral shortening when necessary. Preoperatively they were classified according to Tonnis grade. Clinical assessment was done using Modified McKay’s criteria; Radiological evaluation was done using Severin’s radiographic criteria. Results: The mean follow up period was 15.14 months and the mean age at surgery was 66.86 months. McKay’s grades were excellent in 8 hips, good in 11 hips, fair in 1 hip and poor in 1 hip. Severin’s score was excellent in 4 hips, good in 15 hips, fair in 1 hip and poor in 1 hip. Conclusions: Every case of DDH is unique. The type of surgery chosen depends on the clear understanding of each hip after using the available resources. The combination of open reduction with pelvic and/ or femoral osteotomy when needed gives good immediate stability and promotes remodelling. This surgery is a technically demanding procedure but when performed properly by an experienced surgeon, it does give satisfactory results. Keywords: Developmental dysplasia of hip, Late presentation, Open reduction, Pelvic and/ or femoral osteotomy.

Introduction: One of the most common fractures an orthopaedic surgeon encounters is Malleolar fractures. As with all intra articular fractures accurate reduction and stable internal fixation of malleolar fractures is desirable. The present study aimed at analyzing the factors influencing the outcome of operative management of malleolar fractures. Materials and Methods: In this prospective study 25 patients with Malleolar fractures who were surgically treated between 2014 to 2016 were included. All patients were treated in accordance with A.O. principles. Patients aged above 18 years, with unstable fractures were included in this study. Post op protocol was below knee POP cast with a dorsal window for ankle mobilization and non-weight bearing walking with walker for 4 weeks post operatively. Baird and Jackson ankle scoring system was used to analyze the results. The follow up period for all patients was 60 weeks. Results: In this series of fixation of malleolar fractures with various techniques had Fair results in 84% and poor results in 16% as per Baird and Jackson Score. The average time to union was 12 weeks. The complications leading poor result were instability, Pain at rest, arthritic changes. Conclusion: Open reduction and internal fixation guaranty high standard of reduction besides eliminating the chances of loss of reduction. In our study, the Extent of anatomical reduction achieved in the surgery and Post-operative ankle mobilization and patients’ compliance influenced the outcome. Restoration of fibular length and rotation is critical in re-establishing a stable ankle mortise and perfect talar alignment. We conclude tension band wiring is the preferred method for small fracture fragments and osteoporotic bones of both medial and lateral malleolus. Keywords: Malleolar fractures, Anatomical reduction, Baird and Jackson score.

Osteophytes in knee are a common feature of degenerative osteoarthritis. They do have negative effects like deformities of knee (varus, valgus and fixed flexion deformities), loose bodies (sudden and painful obstruction of knee movements), and pain during movements of knee. They do bring stability to knee by increasing the joint surface area. Here by presenting a case of bilateral osteoarthritis knee, with a large anterior-lateral osteophyte complex, with range of motion 0-90o. Total Knee Replacement surgery was done. Pre, per and post operative period was uneventful, with restoration of normal range of motion 0-900 without any pain. Patient was able to carry-out daily activities of living, thereafter normally. Keywords: Keywords: Bilateral osteoarthritis knee, Osteophytes stabilize, Palpable bony hard swelling.

BACKGROUND The field of orthopaedic surgery has been creating new information, establishing new principles of treatment, and solving both new and old problems of the musculoskeletal system. Fractures of proximal humerus are still unsolved fractures in many ways. Disagreement exists regarding reliability of classification system. The indication for surgical management continues to be modified. Fixation techniques are myriad, and none is ideal for all cases. Fractures of proximal humerus are not uncommon especially in older age group. They have been reported to account for 4% - 5% of all fractures. We wanted to study the clinical profile, pattern, and functional outcome of fracture proximal humerus. METHODS This is a cross sectional study on the surgical management of proximal humerus fractures by using proximal humeral locking compression plate. Convenient sampling technique was used for this study. A total of 25 cases were included for the study after careful observation of inclusion criteria. Pre-structured questionnaires were adapted to collect the details from the study individuals. Data was entered in the MS Excel and analysed by means and proportions with appropriate statistics. RESULTS Proximal humerus fractures were found to have high incidence in the 40 - 60 years age group. Out of these 25 cases, there were 20 (80%) males and 5 (20%) females, ratio of males to female was 4:1. The age incidence of the study was as follows- almost equal number of study subjects reported with right 13 (52%) and left 12 (48%) sided shoulder (humerus) involvement. None had both the sides involved. CONCLUSIONS The proximal humerus fractures are a result of trauma and road traffic accidents are major causes of trauma. Proximal humerus fractures are seen in all age groups from 3 rd decade to 8 th decade and the major cause was road traffic accidents (high energy injury). It was more common in males; whereas in women, proximal humerus fractures are due to osteoporosis mostly seen in 5 th decade and above. Locking Proximal Humeral Plate (LPHP)/PHILOS-Plate allows stable fixation in all Neer’s fracture types of proximal humerus fracture and dislocation of proximal humerus. Satisfactory reduction of the fracture and optimal positioning of the plate under image control is of paramount importance for obtaining good results. In the medial comminuted fractures of the proximal humerus there is a need for additional fixation with inferomedial locking screws.

Highlights • 88.1% of 8454 children screened had protective antibodies to poliovirus serotype 3. • The number of tOPV doses received was the main determinant of seroprevalence. • Age, gender, residence and number of tOPV doses are associated with seroprevalence., Background Among the three poliovirus serotypes, the lowest responses after vaccination with trivalent oral polio vaccine (tOPV) are to serotype 3. Although improvements in routine immunisation and supplementary immunisation activities have greatly increased vaccine coverage, there are limited data on antibody prevalence in Indian infants. Methods Children aged 5–11 months with a history of not having received inactivated polio vaccine were screened for serum antibodies to poliovirus serotype 3 (PV3) by a micro-neutralisation assay according to a modified World Health Organization (WHO) protocol. Limited demographic information was collected to assess risk-factors for a lack of protective antibodies. Student’s t-test, logistic regression and multilevel logistic regression (MLR) model were used to estimate model parameters. Results Of 8454 children screened at a mean age of 8.3 (standard deviation [SD]-1.8) months, 88.1% (95% confidence interval (CI): 87.4–88.8) had protective antibodies to PV3. The number of tOPV doses received was the main determinant of seroprevalence; the maximum likelihood estimate yields a 37.7% (95% CI: 36.2–38.3) increase in seroprevalence per dose of tOPV. In multivariable logistic regression analysis increasing age, male sex, and urban residence were also independently associated with seropositivity (Odds Ratios (OR): 1.17 (95% CI: 1.12–1.23) per month of age, 1.27 (1.11–1.46) and 1.24 (1.05–1.45) respectively). Conclusion Seroprevalence of antibodies to PV3 is associated with age, gender and place of residence, in addition to the number of tOPV doses received. Ensuring high coverage and monitoring of response are essential as long as oral vaccines are used in polio eradication.

Introduction: Twin births are the commonest form of multiple births. Twins have attracted considerable attention and excited curiosity from early times as a biological variety in the study of the human species. Twin pregnancy is considered as high risk pregnancy. There is poor neonatal outcome in terms of mortality and morbidity. Materials and methods: A retrospective study was conducted from Jan 2015 to Jan 2014 Mac Gann Government General Hospital. During this period there were 2643 deliveries occurred out of which 48 twins and 8 were triplets. Results: In the present study, Incidence of twin pregnancy is 18/1000 live birth. Monozygotic twinning rate is 4.2/1000 live births, while dizygotic twinning rate is 14.2/1000 live births. Perinatal mortality in twins is 177/1000 births as compared to 74.3/1000 births in singleton pregnancy i.e., 2.38 times that of singleton pregnancy. In twin pregnancy Perinatal mortality rate in 1st twin is 62.5/1000 live births while in second twin it is 114.5/1000 births. Frequency of IUGR in twin pregnancy is 85.4%. Risk of preterm labour in twin pregnancy is 64.5%. IUGR babies are more in monochorionic than in dichorionic placenta. Conclusion: Perinatal mortality in twin is higher than in of singleton pregnancy. Risk of single fetal loss (antepartum deaths) in twin pregnancy is higher than risk of both fetal losses. Perinatal mortality rate in 2st twin is double compared to first twin. Perinatal mortality increases as the gestational age decreases. Frequency of IUGR in twin pregnancy is very high and more in monochorionic than in dichorionic placenta.

AIMS AND OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY: Analysis of intrauterine fetal deaths with respect to various parameters like age, parity, period of gestation, antenatal check up and birth weight of baby and the preventive measures that could be taken to avoid it. MATERIAL AND METHODS: This clinical study was conducted at Vanivilas hospital and Bowring & Lady Curzon. A total of 200 cases of fetal death after 20 weeks of pregnancy were included in the study, on the basis of simple random sampling method. Details of obstetric history were taken. Obstetric complications were looked and noted. Necessary lab investigations are done. Fetal autopsy was performed in 18 cases with parent consent. The patients were followed up in the post natal period till discharge and any morbidity noted RESULTS: 200 cases of IUD in 1 year and 6 months period have been studied in detail, analyzed and discussed. Total no of births during this period were 18,844. IUD rate during this period was 32.44 per 10000 births. Maximum numbers of cases were found in age group of 21-30 years (135), 67.5%. There were 105 cases of primigravida (52.5%) encountered in the study. 52cases were second gravida. Highest gravidity was 5. Most cases were unbooked (86%) and were from rural areas. 83.5% of cases were from low socioeconomic status. Maximum cases (153, 76.5%) were preterm babies. CONCLUSION: The result of the present study shows that there is a high risk of IUD in unbooked cases, low socioeconomic status, in extremes of age and parity and low birth weight babies.

Marine organisms provide several biologically active compounds that include alkaloids with high cytotoxic activity but only a few of them have so far reached clinical stage, due partly to their limited supply and complex structural features. In an attempt to develop novel anticancer compounds, we have now synthesized diaminoindoloylthiazoles (4a-c; DIT1-3) and diaminocinnamoylthiazoles (5a,b; DCT1-2) as analogs based on a topsentin scaffold and investigated the cytotoxic and apoptotic activities of these compounds in HeLa cells. The results suggest that diaminoindoloylthiazoles (DIT1-3) inhibit cell growth and among these, DIT3 is the most cytotoxic against HeLa cells (IC50 1 ?M). The diaminocinnamoylthiazoles DCT1 and DCT2, which can be viewed as curcumin-diaminothiazole hybrids, also inhibited cell growth but at relatively higher concentrations with IC50 values of 60 and 30 ?M, respectively. These compounds induced apoptosis through the intrinsic pathway by reducing the mitochondrial membrane potential and activating caspases, 9 and 3, but not caspase 8. Among the marine alkaloid analogs tested in this study, DIT1-3 are very effective in inducing apoptosis of HeLa cells followed by DCT2 and DCT1. The treated cells were arrested in G 2/M phase followed by accumulation of the cells in the Sub G 0 phase. The curcumin-diaminothiazole hybrid DCT1 had the maximum effect in downregulating TNF-induced NF-?B activation among the compounds tested in this study. Thus, we demonstrate that diaminoindoloylthiazoles and diaminocinnamoylthiazoles induce apoptosis, regulate cell cycle and NF-?B signaling and thus show promising anticancer effects that warrant further investigation. � 2013 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.

To date, the College of Radiology (CoR) does not see any clear benefit in performing whole body screening computed tomography (CT) examinations in healthy asymptomatic individuals. There are radiation risk issues in CT and principles of screening should be adhered to. There may be a role for targeted cardiac screening CT that derives calcium score, especially for asymptomatic medium-risk individuals and CT colonography when used as part of a strategic programme for colorectal cancer screening in those 50 years and older. However, population based screening CT examinations may become appropriate when evidence emerges regarding a clear benefit for the patient outweighing the associated radiation risks.

The lack of computational power within an organization for analyzing scientific data, and the distribution of knowledge (by scientists) and technologies (advanced scientific devices) are two major problems commonly observed in scientific disciplines. One such scientific discipline is brain science. The analysis of brain activity data gathered from the MEG (Magnetoencephalography) instrument is an important research topic in medical science since it helps doctors in identifying symptoms of diseases. The data needs to be analyzed exhaustively to efficiently diagnose and analyze brain functions and requires access to large-scale computational resources. The potential platform for solving such resource intensive applications is the Grid. This paper describes a MEG data analysis system developed by us, leveraging Grid technologies, primarily Nimrod-G, Gridbus, and Globus. This paper explains the application of economy-based grid scheduling algorithms to the problem domain for on-demand processing of analysis jobs., Comment: Technical Report, Grid Computing and Distributed Systems (GRIDS) Lab, Dept. of Computer Science and Software Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Australia

Weldments of heat-treatable medium-strength Al-Zn-Mg alloys using three different filler materials (W-Mg, W-MgMn, W-MgZn) were studied. Emphasis is directed towards determining the microstructures of these weldments. In general, it was found that all W-Mg weldments contain relatively fine precipitates and also particles such as Al12Mg2Cr which may be responsible for mechanical properties. In contrast, W-MgZn weldments showed relatively coarse grains which could be responsible for their inferior mechanical properties. Although Zn is added with the intention of improving corrosion resistance, the study have shown that the mechanical properties of this weldment are comparatively inferior to other weldments studied.

Computational grids that couple geographically distributed resources are becoming the de-facto computing platform for solving large-scale problems in science, engineering, and commerce. Software to enable grid computing has been primarily written for Unix-class operating systems, thus severely limiting the ability to effectively utilize the computing resources of the vast majority of desktop computers i.e. those running variants of the Microsoft Windows operating system. Addressing Windows-based grid computing is particularly important from the software industry's viewpoint where interest in grids is emerging rapidly. Microsoft's .NET Framework has become near-ubiquitous for implementing commercial distributed systems for Windows-based platforms, positioning it as the ideal platform for grid computing in this context. In this paper we present Alchemi, a .NET-based grid computing framework that provides the runtime machinery and programming environment required to construct desktop grids and develop grid applications. It allows flexible application composition by supporting an object-oriented grid application programming model in addition to a grid job model. Cross-platform support is provided via a web services interface and a flexible execution model supports dedicated and non-dedicated (voluntary) execution by grid nodes., 17 pages, 12 figures, 2 tables

： Over the past two decades, La Soufri&egrave, re volcano in Guadeloupe has displayed a growing degassing unrest whose actual source mechanism still remains unclear. Based on new measurements of the chemistry and mass flux of fumarolic gas emissions from the volcano, here we reveal spatio-temporal variations in the degassing features that closely relate to the 3D underground circulation of fumarolic fluids, as imaged by electrical resistivity tomography, and to geodetic-seismic signals recorded over the past two decades. Discrete monthly surveys of gas plumes from the various vents on La Soufri&egrave, re lava dome, performed with portable MultiGAS analyzers, reveal important differences in the chemical proportions and fluxes of H2O, CO2, H2S, SO2 and H2, which depend on the vent location with respect to the underground circulation of fluids. In particular, the main central vents, though directly connected to the volcano conduit and preferentially surveyed in past decades, display much higher CO2/SO2 and H2S/SO2 ratios than peripheral gas emissions, reflecting greater SO2 scrubbing in the boiling hydrothermal water at 80&ndash, 100 m depth. Gas fluxes demonstrate an increased bulk degassing of the volcano over the past 10 years, but also a recent spatial shift in fumarolic degassing intensity from the center of the lava dome towards its SE&ndash, NE sector and the Breislack fracture. Such a spatial shift is in agreement with both extensometric and seismic evidence of fault widening in this sector due to slow gravitational sliding of the southern dome sector. Our study thus provides an improved framework to monitor and interpret the evolution of gas emissions from La Soufri&egrave, re in the future and to better forecast hazards from this dangerous andesitic volcano.