Search

This paper addresses the question: why do two destinations with extremely valuable cultural heritage gain attractions have completely different tourism traffic results? The main aim of this paper was to find the various causes of this inequality. The comparative method was used and Lednice and Dolní Kounice in Southern Moravia were selected as case studies. Statistical data and strategic documents on regional and local levels were analysed. The study showed significant differences in the strategic conceptual plans. Dolní Kounice was a more popular destination for suburban tourism for the inhabitants of Brno, the historical heritage was only an added value. In the case of Lednice, the use of its heritage for tourism was one of the main development priorities. This paper further noted that cultural tourism is often seen as a sector of the economy rather than a part of the culture.

The paper focuses on the changes to the industrial structure of small Moravian towns as these towns are part of the settlement structure that connects urban and rural systems. Small towns (of up to 15,000 inhabitants) are the most industrialized part of the Czech settlement system. They were the subject of capitalist industrialization in the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, as well as socialist industrialization in the second half of the twentieth century. Therefore, the research question asks how the small-town sector coped with the transition to a post-productive society and how small towns were differentiated during this process. Population censuses were the main tool used to gather data for comparison. Today, small towns have preserved, in particular, less innovatively demanding industries, which have been pushed out of large and medium-sized cities. At the same time, they are undergoing a process of post-productive transformation which is associated with a massive transfer of job opportunities to services, but they can also become starting points for cultural tourism in rural areas. However, their future development will be very differentiated depending on their location concerning regional centres, on the quality of human and social capital and also on their historical pathways.

The paper discusses the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on rural tourism in Czechia. It points out that the catastrophic scenarios of the decline in tourism mainly concern urban destinations focused on foreign tourism. In contrast, rural destinations create an alternative. Some of them have even shown an increase in tourism in the 2020 summer season as compared to 2019. However, this new orientation requires investing in infrastructure, marketing and regional cooperation. Highlights . Paper investigates the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on rural tourism in Czechia. . The decline in tourism mainly affected destinations focused on foreign tourists. . Czech countryside gained domestic tourists due to natural, gastronomic and local attractions. . The specificity ofCOVID 19 new outbreaks is its local or regional limitation. . The COVID-19 epidemy has created an opportunity for the development of rural tourism.

The main aim of the study was to find out whether cultural tourism could be a driver of rural development in the selected area and in general. In case yes, to what extent and under what conditions. Three districts in the South-Moravian Region, Znojmo, Břeclav, and Hodonín, situated in the rural borderland with Austria and Slovakia represented the study area. Both geographical and sociological methods were used to gather evidence for cultural tourism in that study. Firstly, attractiveness analysis of the area defined for cultural tourism took place. Next, factors influencing the potential for cultural tourism affecting rural development in South Moravia were evaluated. Finally, synergistic relations were discussed. In the territory, many forms of tourism intersect. Based on the results, it can be stated that cultural tourism can hardly be the main driver of rural development after the decline of agriculture because the region's economy has branched out in several directions. However, it can be an important complementary activity that yields both economic and non-economic benefits. info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess

Der Beitrag beinhaltet eine Analyse der gegenwärtigen demographischen Veränderungen in den Innenstädten der mährischen Großstädte Brno und Ostrava. Die Untersuchung kleinräumiger soziodemographischer Strukturen erfolgte auf der Ebene der so genannten Basissiedlungseinheiten. Von den Daten der beiden letzten Volks-, Gebäude- und Wohnungszählungen (1991 und 2001) wurden vor allem Daten zur Alters- und Qualifikationsstruktur der Bevölkerung sowie zur Haushaltsstruktur herangezogen. Dem Vergleich demographischer Daten mit der aktuellen physischen Struktur der beiden Städte diente die Analyse des Wohngebäudetyps (Eigenheime oder Mehrfamilienhäuser) sowie deren Baualter. Die Ergebnisse bestätigen, dass die Innenstädte altern, während die jüngste Bevölkerung in Plattenbausiedlungen aus den 1980er Jahren und in den Zuzugsgebieten der Suburbanisierung am Stadtrand wohnt. Die günstigeren demographischen Strukturen in Ostrava – im Vergleich zu Brno – sind auf die massenhafte Zuwanderung von Industriearbeitskräften nach dem Krieg zurückzuführen. Es scheint, dass die Differenzierung der Qualifikationsstruktur (und damit gewissermaßen auch die soziale Differenzierung) nicht entlang der räumlichen Grenzen von innerer Stadt und Vorstädten verläuft. Dies erlaubt die Schlussfolgerung, dass die innere Stadt in Bezug auf die Qualifikations- und Sozialstruktur der Bevölkerung keinen monolithischen Komplex darstellt, sondern selbst stark differenziert ist. This article is an analysis of the present demographic changes in the city centres of the big Moravian cities of Brno and Ostrava. This study of sociodemographic structures in limited spaces was made on the level of what are known as basic settlement units. Data on the age and qualification structure of the population and the household structure were primarily used from the two last censuses of population, buildings and flats (1991 and 2001). Analysing the type of residential building (owner-occupied houses or multiple-family dwellings) and the age of the building were used to compare demographic data with the current physical structure of these two cities. Findings confirm that the city centres are ageing while the youngest population lives in concrete-slab settlements from the 1980’s and the influx areas on the suburbanising fringes of the city. Ostrava has better demographic structures than Brno which may be attributed to the massive immigration of industrial workers after the war. It seems that the differentiation in the qualification structure (and therefore to a certain extent the social differentiation) does not run along the spatial borders of the city centre and suburbs. Therefore, we can draw the conclusion that the inner city is not a monolithic complex in the population in terms of qualification and social structure, but is also substantially differentiated.

Kleinstädte sind ein sehr wenig untersuchtes Element des Siedlungssystems. In Mähren sind die Kleinstädte der einzige Städtetyp, der in letzten zehn Jahren nach der Einwohnerzahl als ein Ganzes wächst. Im Siedlungssystem Mährens spielen Kleinstädte bis jetzt eine Schlüsselrolle bei der Erneuerung des Landes. Dreizehn Fallstudien der Städte mit weniger als 15 000 Einwohner wurden in den Jahren 1999 bis 2001 bearbeitet. Im Zentrum der Aufmerksamkeit stand der Strukturwandel nach dem Jahre 1989. Veränderungen von Industrie und Arbeitsmarkt, Dienstleistungen, Fremdenverkehr und Umwelt wurden untersucht. Der Beitrag macht auf Besonderheiten der Lebensweise in Kleinstädten aufmerksam. Es handelt sich zum Beispiel um höhere gesellschaftliche Kontrolle und persönliche Sicherheit, unterschiedliche Gestaltung der Selbstverwaltung und der lokalen Kultur als in Groß- und Mittelstädten oder Einbindung der Bewohner in die Stadterneuerung. In der Zukunft ist eine weitere Differenzierung der Kleinstädte zu erwarten. Einige Kleinstädte können vielleicht ihre Zentralfunktion weiter ausnutzen, anderen müssen ihren Aufschwung in einer Spezialisierung suchen. Noch andere werden wahrscheinlich ihren urbanen Charakter verlieren. Nach der Zeit der Uniformität und Nivellierung ist die Frage der Identität und des Images einzelnen Kleinstädte sehr aktuell. Small cities represent a settlement system that has been largely neglected by research to date. Small cities are the only type of city in Moravia that have grown in terms of population figures in the last ten years. Until now, small cities have played a key role in Moravia in the renewal of the region. Thirteen case studies of cities with less than 15 000 inhabitants were processed between 1999 and 2001. The main focus of interest was on the structural transformation after 1989. The examinations centred on changes in industry and the job market, in services, tourism and the environment. The article draws attention to the peculiarities of lifestyles in small cities. For example, it deals with higher social control and personal security, different forms of autonomy and the local culture, as in large and medium- sized cities, and the integration of the inhabitants in urban renewal. In future, we can expect a further differentiation of the small cities. Some small cities may be able to continue to use their central function, while others must seek their growth in specialisation. Still others appear likely to lose their urban character. After a period of uniformity and levelling out, the question of the identity and image of individual small cities is extremely current.