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Supplemental material, sj-pdf-3-eso-10.1177_23969873231185208 for Phase II randomised, placebo-controlled, clinical trial of interleukin-1 receptor antagonist in intracerebral haemorrhage: BLOcking the Cytokine IL-1 in ICH (BLOC-ICH) by Adrian R Parry-Jones, Katie Stocking, Mary Joan MacLeod, Brian Clarke, David J Werring, Keith W Muir and Andy Vail in European Stroke Journal

Supplemental material, sj-pdf-2-eso-10.1177_23969873231185208 for Phase II randomised, placebo-controlled, clinical trial of interleukin-1 receptor antagonist in intracerebral haemorrhage: BLOcking the Cytokine IL-1 in ICH (BLOC-ICH) by Adrian R Parry-Jones, Katie Stocking, Mary Joan MacLeod, Brian Clarke, David J Werring, Keith W Muir and Andy Vail in European Stroke Journal

Supplemental material, sj-docx-1-eso-10.1177_23969873231185208 for Phase II randomised, placebo-controlled, clinical trial of interleukin-1 receptor antagonist in intracerebral haemorrhage: BLOcking the Cytokine IL-1 in ICH (BLOC-ICH) by Adrian R Parry-Jones, Katie Stocking, Mary Joan MacLeod, Brian Clarke, David J Werring, Keith W Muir and Andy Vail in European Stroke Journal

Supplemental material, sj-pdf-2-eso-10.1177_23969873231185208 for Phase II randomised, placebo-controlled, clinical trial of interleukin-1 receptor antagonist in intracerebral haemorrhage: BLOcking the Cytokine IL-1 in ICH (BLOC-ICH) by Adrian R Parry-Jones, Katie Stocking, Mary Joan MacLeod, Brian Clarke, David J Werring, Keith W Muir and Andy Vail in European Stroke Journal

Supplemental material, sj-docx-4-cre-10.1177_02692155221134060 for A study of prisms and therapy in attention loss after stroke (SPATIAL): A feasibility randomised controlled trial by Verity Longley, Kate Woodward-Nutt, Ailie J. Turton, Katie Stocking, Matthew Checketts, Ann Bamford, Emma Douglass, Julie Taylor, Julie Woodley, Pam Moule, Andy Vail and Audrey Bowen in Clinical Rehabilitation

Supplemental material, sj-docx-2-cre-10.1177_02692155221134060 for A study of prisms and therapy in attention loss after stroke (SPATIAL): A feasibility randomised controlled trial by Verity Longley, Kate Woodward-Nutt, Ailie J. Turton, Katie Stocking, Matthew Checketts, Ann Bamford, Emma Douglass, Julie Taylor, Julie Woodley, Pam Moule, Andy Vail and Audrey Bowen in Clinical Rehabilitation

Supplemental material, sj-docx-3-cre-10.1177_02692155221134060 for A study of prisms and therapy in attention loss after stroke (SPATIAL): A feasibility randomised controlled trial by Verity Longley, Kate Woodward-Nutt, Ailie J. Turton, Katie Stocking, Matthew Checketts, Ann Bamford, Emma Douglass, Julie Taylor, Julie Woodley, Pam Moule, Andy Vail and Audrey Bowen in Clinical Rehabilitation

Supplemental material, sj-docx-3-cre-10.1177_02692155221134060 for A study of prisms and therapy in attention loss after stroke (SPATIAL): A feasibility randomised controlled trial by Verity Longley, Kate Woodward-Nutt, Ailie J. Turton, Katie Stocking, Matthew Checketts, Ann Bamford, Emma Douglass, Julie Taylor, Julie Woodley, Pam Moule, Andy Vail and Audrey Bowen in Clinical Rehabilitation

Supplemental material, sj-doc-1-cre-10.1177_02692155221134060 for A study of prisms and therapy in attention loss after stroke (SPATIAL): A feasibility randomised controlled trial by Verity Longley, Kate Woodward-Nutt, Ailie J. Turton, Katie Stocking, Matthew Checketts, Ann Bamford, Emma Douglass, Julie Taylor, Julie Woodley, Pam Moule, Andy Vail and Audrey Bowen in Clinical Rehabilitation

Supplemental material, sj-docx-4-cre-10.1177_02692155221134060 for A study of prisms and therapy in attention loss after stroke (SPATIAL): A feasibility randomised controlled trial by Verity Longley, Kate Woodward-Nutt, Ailie J. Turton, Katie Stocking, Matthew Checketts, Ann Bamford, Emma Douglass, Julie Taylor, Julie Woodley, Pam Moule, Andy Vail and Audrey Bowen in Clinical Rehabilitation

Supplemental material, sj-docx-1-eso-10.1177_23969873221136927 for Molecular biomarkers predicting newly detected atrial fibrillation after ischaemic stroke or TIA: A systematic review by Kirsty Ward, Andy Vail, Alan Cameron, Mira Katan, Gregory YH Lip, Jesse Dawson, Craig J Smith and Amit K Kishore in European Stroke Journal

Supplemental material, sj-docx-1-eso-10.1177_23969873221136927 for Molecular biomarkers predicting newly detected atrial fibrillation after ischaemic stroke or TIA: A systematic review by Kirsty Ward, Andy Vail, Alan Cameron, Mira Katan, Gregory YH Lip, Jesse Dawson, Craig J Smith and Amit K Kishore in European Stroke Journal

Supplemental material, sj-docx-2-cre-10.1177_02692155221134060 for A study of prisms and therapy in attention loss after stroke (SPATIAL): A feasibility randomised controlled trial by Verity Longley, Kate Woodward-Nutt, Ailie J. Turton, Katie Stocking, Matthew Checketts, Ann Bamford, Emma Douglass, Julie Taylor, Julie Woodley, Pam Moule, Andy Vail and Audrey Bowen in Clinical Rehabilitation

Supplemental material, sj-pdf-1-wso-10.1177_17474930211045880 for Use of risk scores for predicting new atrial fibrillation after ischemic stroke or transient ischemic attack—A systematic review by Amit K Kishore, Mohammad J Hossain, Alan Cameron, Jesse Dawson, Andy Vail and Craig J Smith in International Journal of Stroke

Additional file 1: Table A1. Estimated correlation matrix from the pretreatment joint model. Table A2. Estimated correlation matrix from the dynamic joint model.

Supplemental material, sj-pdf-1-wso-10.1177_17474930211045880 for Use of risk scores for predicting new atrial fibrillation after ischemic stroke or transient ischemic attack—A systematic review by Amit K Kishore, Mohammad J Hossain, Alan Cameron, Jesse Dawson, Andy Vail and Craig J Smith in International Journal of Stroke

Supplemental material, Supplementary_Material for Factors influencing the amount of therapy received during inpatient stroke care: an analysis of data from the UK Sentinel Stroke National Audit Programme by Matthew Gittins, Andy Vail, Audrey Bowen, David Lugo-Palacios, Lizz Paley, Benjamin Bray, Brenda Gannon and Sarah Tyson in Clinical Rehabilitation

Supplemental material, Online_Appendix for How do patients pass through stroke services? Identifying stroke care pathways using national audit data by Matthew Gittins, David G Lugo-Palacios, Lizz Paley, Benjamin Bray, Audrey Bowen, Andy Vail, Brenda Gannon and Sarah Tyson in Clinical Rehabilitation

Supplemental material, sj-pdf-1-eso-10.1177_2396987316651759 for Clinical risk scores for predicting stroke-associated pneumonia: A systematic review by Amit K Kishore, Andy Vail, Benjamin D Bray, Angel Chamorro, Mario Di Napoli, Lalit Kalra, Peter Langhorne, Joan Montaner, Christine Roffe, Anthony G Rudd, Pippa J Tyrrell, Diederik van de Beek, Mark Woodhead, Andreas Meisel and Craig J Smith in European Stroke Journal

Supplemental material, Supplementary_Data_Costs_by_pathway_and_severity for How do patients pass through stroke services? Identifying stroke care pathways using national audit data by Matthew Gittins, David G Lugo-Palacios, Lizz Paley, Benjamin Bray, Audrey Bowen, Andy Vail, Brenda Gannon and Sarah Tyson in Clinical Rehabilitation

Supplemental material, sj-pdf-1-eso-10.1177_2396987316651759 for Clinical risk scores for predicting stroke-associated pneumonia: A systematic review by Amit K Kishore, Andy Vail, Benjamin D Bray, Angel Chamorro, Mario Di Napoli, Lalit Kalra, Peter Langhorne, Joan Montaner, Christine Roffe, Anthony G Rudd, Pippa J Tyrrell, Diederik van de Beek, Mark Woodhead, Andreas Meisel and Craig J Smith in European Stroke Journal

Supplemental Material for Oedema extension distance in intracerebral haemorrhage: Association with baseline characteristics and long-term outcome by Robert Hurford, Andy Vail, Calvin Heal, Wendy C Ziai, Jesse Dawson, Santosh B Murthy, Xia Wang, Craig S Anderson, Daniel F Hanley, Adrian R Parry-Jones and on behalf of the VISTA-ICH Collaborators: the STRONG STAR Consortium in European Stroke Journal

Background and Purpose— Identifying the causal pathogens of pneumonia complicating stroke is challenging, and antibiotics used are often broad spectrum, without recourse to the microbiological cause. We aimed to review existing literature to identify organisms responsible for pneumonia complicating stroke, before developing a consensus-based approach to antibiotic treatment. Methods— A systematic literature review of multiple electronic databases using predefined search criteria was undertaken, in accordance with Cochrane and PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) guidance. Published studies of hospitalized adults with ischemic stroke, intracerebral hemorrhage, or both, which identified microbiological etiologies for pneumonia complicating stroke up to January 1, 2017, were considered. Analysis included summary statistics and random-effects meta-analysis where appropriate. Results— Fifteen studies (40% ischemic stroke, 60% ischemic stroke and intracerebral hemorrhage) involving 7968 patients were included. Reported occurrence of pneumonia varied considerably between studies (2%–63%) with a pooled frequency of 23% (95% confidence interval, 14%–34%; I 2 =99%). Where reported (60%), the majority of pneumonia occurred within 1 week of stroke (78%). Reported frequency of positive culture data (15%–88%) varied widely. When isolated, aerobic Gram-negative bacilli (38%) and Gram-positive cocci (16%) were most frequently cultured; commonly isolated organisms included Enterobacteriaceae (21.8%: Klebsiella pneumoniae , 12.8% and Escherichia coli , 9%), Staphylococcus aureus (10.1%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (6%), Acinetobacter baumanii (4.6%), and Streptococcus pneumoniae (3.5%). Sputum was most commonly used to identify pathogens, in isolation (40%) or in conjunction with tracheal aspirate (15%) or blood culture (20%). Conclusions— Although the analysis was limited by small and heterogeneous study populations, limiting determination of microbiological causality, this review suggests aerobic Gram-negative bacilli and Gram-positive cocci are frequently associated with pneumonia complicating stroke. This supports the need for appropriately designed studies to determine microbial cause and a consensus-based approach in antibiotic usage and further targeted antibiotic treatment trials for enhanced antibiotic stewardship.

Additional file 1: Supplementary Figures. Figures corresponding to additional results from the simulation study, including sensitivity analyses.

Additional file 1: Supplementary Figures. Figures corresponding to additional results from the simulation study, including sensitivity analyses.