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Electrochemotherapy (ECT) is a treatment for both primary and secondary cutaneous tumours. The international Network for sharing practices on ECT group investigates treatment outcomes after ECT using a common database with defined parameters.Twenty-eight centres across Europe prospectively uploaded data over an 11-year period. Response rates were investigated in relation to primary diagnosis, tumour size, choice of electrode type, route of bleomycin administration, electrical parameters recorded and previous irradiation in the treated field.Nine hundred eighty-seven patients, with 2482 tumour lesions were included in analysis. The overall response (OR) rate was 85% (complete response [CR]: 70%, partial response rate: 15%, stable disease: 11%, and progressive disease: 2%). For different histologies, OR and CR rates for metastases of malignant melanoma were 82% and 64%, basal cell carcinoma were 96% and 85%, breast cancer metastases were 77% and 62%, squamous cell carcinoma were 80% and 63% as well as Kaposi's sarcoma were 98% and 91%, respectively. Variance was demonstrated across histotypes (p 0.0001) and in accordance with size of lesion treated (dichotomised at diameter of 3 cm (p 0.0001). Hexagonal electrodes were generally used for larger tumours, but for tumours up to 3 cm, linear array electrodes provided better tumour control than hexagonal electrodes (80%:74%, p 0.003). For tumours more than 2 cm, intravenous administration was superior to intratumoural (IT) administration (p 0.05). Current recorded varied across tumour histologies and size but did not influence response rate. In previously irradiated areas, responses were selectively lower for IT administration.These cumulative data endorse efficiency of ECT across a broad range of histotypes. Analysis of 2482 lesions details subgroup analysis on treatment response informing future treatment choices.

To assess changes of CT perfusion parameters (ΔPCTp) of cervical lymph node metastases from head and neck cancer (HNC) before and after radiochemotherapy (RT-CT) and their association with nodal tumor persistence.Eligibility criteria included HNC (Stage III-IV) candidates for RT-CT. Patients underwent perfusion CT (PCT) at baseline 3 weeks and 3 months after RT-CT. Blood volume (BV), blood flow (BF), mean transit time (MTT) and permeability surface (PS) were calculated. PET/CT examination was also performed at baseline and 3 months after treatment for metabolic assessment.Between July 2012 and May 2016, 27 patients were evaluated. Overall, only 3 patients (11%) experienced tumor persistence in the largest metastatic lymph node. A significant reduction of all PCTp values (p0.0001), except MTT (from 6.3 to 5.7 s; p=0.089), was observed at 3 weeks post-RT-CT compared to baseline. All PCTp values including MTT were significantly lower at 3-month follow-up compared to baseline (p0.05). Moreover, a statistically significant association was observed between nodal tumor persistence and high BF values (p=0.045) at 3 months after treatment that did not occur for the other parameters.Our preliminary findings show that all PCTp except MTT are significantly reduced after RT-CT. High BF values at 3 months post-RT-CT are predictive of nodal tumor persistence.

Nitric oxide (NO) is a molecule that performs many functions in the human body. The entire respiratory tract can produce NO, but the highest production occurs in the upper respiratory tract, in the paranasal sinuses in particular. The aim of the present study was to assess a new nasal NO (nNO) measurement method using the Niox MINO Nasal® device (Aerocrine AB, Solna, Sweden) and a special procedure, in order to compare the nNO values obtained in 32 healthy subjects with the values found in the international literature. The measured normal nNO values were equal to 426.76±143.27 ppb, with a 95% confidence interval [160.22-733.30]. Males had an average nNO value equal to 446.76±133.63 [178.64 – 714.02], whereas in females the average value was 403.80±154.90 [94.00-713.60]. This study allows us to confirm that we have been able to establish the normal range of nitric oxide quantity produced in the nasal/sinus cavities of healthy individuals using the Niox MINO Nasal® device and tidal-breathing with velum-closure manoeuvre.

Rosai-Dorfman disease (RDD) is a rare benign condition of unknown origin, which was first described in 1969. By histopathology, the disease is composed of sinusoidal lymph node hyperplasia and abundant histiocytes with haemophagocytosis, particularly lymphocytes. It commonly affects lymph nodes, and rarely has an exclusively extra-nodal clinical presentation. Among the so-called "extranodal" sites, the head and neck region, and in particular the nose and paranasal sinuses, are frequently affected. RDD shows a highly variable clinical course that can be partly modified by medical therapy. We present of a case of extra-nodal RDD, with nasal and osseous involvement, which has been followed-up for 19 years. We also discuss its presentation, the most relevant radiographic findings, treatment options and histological findings.

Mucocoeles usually involve the frontal sinus and can extend to the orbit or intracranially. In this case symptoms and radiological findings were typical of a left frontal mucocoele with intracranial extension. Intraoperative findings were compatible with a left frontal mucocoele communicating with an arachnoid cyst of the anterior cranial fossa.