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Introduction and hypothesis Pelvic organ prolapse quantification by means of upright magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a promising research field. This study determines the angle for the pelvic inclination correction system (PICS) for upright patient position, which is hypothesized to deviate from the supine PICS angle. The necessity of different PICS angles for various patient positions will also be discussed. Methods Magnetic resonance scans of 113 women, acquired in an upright patient position, were used to determine the upright PICS angle, defined as the angle between the sacrococcygeal–inferior pubic point (SCIPP) line and the horizontal line. The difference and correlation between the upright and supine PICS angles were calculated using the paired Student’s t-test and the Pearson’s correlation coefficient (r) respectively. The effect of the difference between the upright and supine PICS angle on the measured pelvic organ extent was calculated using goniometry. Results The mean (interquartile range) PICS angles were 29° (26–35°) for the upright and 33° (30–37°) for the supine patient position. They were significantly different (pr = 0.914, p Conclusions The PICS angle for the upright patient position is 29°. The use of a dedicated PICS angle for different patient positions allows for more accurate pelvic organ extent analysis in patients with prolapse.

Background Therapeutic head positioning plays a role in the management of patients with acute brain injury. Although intracranial pressure (ICP) is typically lower in an upright posture than in a flat position, limited data exist concerning the effect of upright positioning on brain oxygenation and circulation. We sought to determine the impact of supine (0°) and semirecumbent (15° and 30°) postures on ICP, brain oxygenation, and brain circulation. Methods An observational cohort study was conducted between February 2012 and September 2015. Twenty-three patients with severe acute brain injury were successively observed at head elevations of 30°, 15°, and 0°. Postural-induced changes in ICP, cerebral perfusion pressure, brain tissue oxygenation pressure, and transcranial Doppler findings were simultaneously measured during three repeated experiments: 24 h after admission to the intensive care unit (exp1), 24 h later (exp2), and 96 h later (exp3). Cerebral perfusion pressure, arterial blood gases, hemoglobin content, and body temperature remained unchanged during the three experiments. Results Using linear random-slope mixed models, we found that during the early phase of acute brain injury (exp1), lowering the head posture from 30° to 15°, and then to 0°, was associated with a gradual mean ICP increase of 2.6 mm Hg (1.4–3.7 mm Hg; P

Dataset of "Transcutaneous spinal direct current stimulation (tsDCS) does not affect postural sway during quiet upright standing"

Since the early days of megavoltage Radiation Therapy (RT), the potential of delivering treatment to a sub group of patients in an upright position has been recognized. Compared to lying horizontally, treating patients in an upright position offers potential benefits in terms of patient comfort especially for patients experiencing dyspnoea and saliva accumulation when lying down. Dosimetric benefits can also be gained from changes in the volume and location of lungs and heart in an upright position, which are potentially advantageous for clinical situations including Hodgkin's disease, lung and breast malignancies. Since the 1950's, upright stabilization mechanisms have ranged from standalone chair based apparatus to couch-top attachments with increasingly customizable solutions. The introduction of Computed-Tomography (CT) based three-dimensional (3D) dosimetry in the 1980's−90's necessitated image acquisition in a horizontal position (supine or prone), significantly reducing options for alternative patient positioning and upright techniques. Despite this, upright techniques have still been utilized where clinically indicated for palliative and novel approaches often involving non-standard treatment scenarios. More recently, a small number of centers have reported on specialized equipment capable of acquiring planning data with the patient in a vertical position. The possibility of acquiring planning quality Cone Beam CT (CBCT) on linear accelerators has recently reinvigorated the potential to deliver highly accurate and targeted treatments to patients in an upright position. This paper reflects on the historical applications of upright RT and explores new possibilities for this technology in modern RT departments.

Formula SAE (FSAE) is a competition where university students are challenged to design, fabricate and race small open-wheeled vehicles. This work outlines the development and analysis of a wheel assembly for a race car which carried out by the James Cook University Motorsports. A number of strategies are utilized throughout the paper including load calculations, modelling by SolidWorks and finite element analysis via Ansys for each part of the system including the upright, braking system and hub shaft.

Actualmente en el departamento de I+D de la Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería de Bilbao se está desarrollando un chaleco motorizado cuyo objetivo es ayudar a la realización de ejercicios de recuperación de movimiento a pacientes que han sufrido un ictus, más específicamente los movimientos en los que participa el torso. A raíz de este proyecto, surge la necesidad de crear una estructura, que simule el funcionamiento de un bipedestador, para poder realizar las pruebas del chaleco y de esta manera asegurar el correcto funcionamiento del producto. Este trabajo presenta el diseño y posteriormente la fabricación de una estructura de bipedestación, cuyo fin será mantener a una persona en posición vertical. Especialmente diseñado para pacientes que sufren de pérdida parcial de movilidad. La estructura será fabricada con perfiles cuadrados de aluminio y plástico de impresión 3D. Gaur egun Bilboko Ingeniaritzako Goiko Eskola I+D-etako departamentuan garatzen ari da txaleko motorizatuta bat, zeinen helburua iktusa sufritu duten pazienteentzako mugimendu errekuperazio ariketa errealizazioari laguntzea den, espezifikokiago gorputz-enborrak parte hartzen duen mugimenduak. Proiektu honen ondorioz, agertzen da txalekoko probak egin ahal izateko egitura, bipedestador bateko funtz ionamenduaren alegia egiten duena, produktuaren funtzionamendu zuzena honela ziurtatzeko. Lan honek diseinua aurkezten du eta geroago bipedestacion-etako egiturako fabrikazioa, zeinen helburua pertsona bat posizio bertikalean mantentzea izango den. Bereziki higikortasuneko galera partzialeko gaitza duten pazienteentzat diseinatuta. Egitura egingo da aluminioko profil karratuekin eta 3D inprimatze plastikoarekin. Currently the R&D department of the Higher Technical School of Engineering of Bilbao is developing a motorized vest whose purpose is to help in the execution of movement recovery exercises to patients who have suffered a brain stroke, more specifically for the movements in which the upper torso participates. As a result of this project, the need arises to create a structure, which simulates the behaviour of a standing frame, to be able to carry out the tests of the vest and in this way to assure the correct behaviour of the product. This work presents the design and later the fabrication of a standing structure, whose purpose will be to keep a person upright. Especially designed for patients suffering from partial loss of mobility. The structure will be manufactured with square aluminium profiles and 3D printing plastic.

Whereas modern brain imaging often demands holding body positions incongruent with everyday life, posture governs both neural activity and cognitive performance. Humans commonly perform while upright; yet, many neuroimaging methodologies require participants to remain motionless and adhere to non-ecological comportments within a confined space. This inconsistency between ecological postures and imaging constraints undermines the transferability and generalizability of many a neuroimaging assay. Here we highlight the influence of posture on brain function and behavior. Specifically, we challenge the tacit assumption that brain processes and cognitive performance are comparable across a spectrum of positions. We provide an integrative synthesis regarding the increasingly prominent influence of imaging postures on autonomic function, mental capacity, sensory thresholds, and neural activity. Arguing that neuroimagers and cognitive scientists could benefit from considering the influence posture wields on both general functioning and brain activity, we examine existing imaging technologies and the potential of portable and versatile imaging devices (e.g., functional near infrared spectroscopy). Finally, we discuss ways that accounting for posture may help unveil the complex brain processes of everyday cognition.

Background: Little is known about soft tissue attenuation artifacts when an upright patient-position SPECTmyocardial perfusion imaging (MPI) system is used. In this investigation we sought to describe the patterns and frequency of attenuation artifacts associated with this type of instruments and we explored the impact of gender and body habitus on these artifacts. Methods: In a cross-sectional study, we described the prevalence of various soft-tissue attenuation patterns in 212 normal SPECT-MPI studies acquired with an upright patient-position imaging system. Results: In these 212 normal, clinically-indicated, upright-acquisition SPECT-MPIs the attenuation patterns observed were: anterior (6.1%), inferior (63.7%) and lateral (24.1%). Though uncommon, anterior attenuation trended to being more prevalent among women [9.5% vs. 3.4%, P=0.07] and was independently associated with chest circumference. Lateral attenuation was more common among women [34.7% vs. 15.4%, p=0.001] and was strongly associated with obesity (p Conclusions: Soft-tissue attenuation artifacts are common in upright-acquisition SPECT-MPI. Recognizing the frequency of these attenuation patterns and their interaction with gender and body habitus is critical for the accurate interpretation of SPECT-MPI.

Contains fulltext : 73300.pdf (Publisher’s version ) (Closed access) Aim. This paper is a report of a study to explore the views of midwives on women's positions during the second stage of labour. Background. Many authors recommend encouraging women to use positions that are most comfortable to them. Others advocate encouragement of non-supine positions, because offering 'choice' is not enough to reverse the strong cultural norm of giving birth in the supine position. Midwives' views on women's positions have rarely been explored. Method. Six focus groups were conducted in 2006–2007 with a purposive sample of 31 midwives. The data were interpreted using Thachuk's models of informed consent and informed choice. Findings. The models were useful in distinguishing between two different approaches of midwives to women's positions during labour. When giving informed consent, midwives implicitly or explicitly ask a woman's consent for what they themselves prefer. When offering informed choice, a woman's preference is the starting point, but midwives will suggest other options if this is in the woman's interest. Obstetric factors and working conditions are reasons to deviate from women's preferences. Conclusions. To give women an informed choice about birthing positions, midwives need to give them information during pregnancy and discuss their position preferences. Women should be prepared for the unpredictability of their feelings in labour and for obstetric factors that may interfere with their choice of position. Equipment for non-supine births should be more midwife-friendly. In addition, midwives and students need to be able to gain experience in assisting births in non-supine positions. 10 p.

(Semi) supine exercise testing has an established role in the evaluation of patients with valvular heart disease and can help clinical decision making. Stress echocardiography has the advantages of its wide availability, low cost, and versatility for the assessment of disease severity. However, exercise-induced changes in valve hemodynamics, left ventricular outflow obstruction and pulmonary artery pressure depended on load variation. Changing position from supine to upright rapidly decreases load conditions for the ventricles. Therefore several cardiac centers have proposed exercise stress echocardiography in the upright position with gradient monitoring sometimes also in post-exercise recovery. Doppler measurement of subaortic gradient has been a very helpful and informative examination in several heart diseases (especially in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, valve heart diseases, prosthesis dysfunction).

International audience; The role of configural information in gender categorisation was Studied by aligning the top half of one face with the bottom half of another. The two faces had the same or different genders. Experiment I shows that participants were slower and made more errors in categorising the gender in either half of these composite faces when the two faces had a different gender, relative to control conditions where the two faces were nonaligned or had the same gender. This result parallels the composite effect for face recognition (Young et al. 1987 Perception 16 747 - 759) and facial-expression recognition (Calder et al. 2000 Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance 26 527-551). Similarly to responses to face identity and expression, the composite effect on gender discrimination was disrupted by inverting the faces (experiment 2). Both experiments also show that the composite paradigm is sensitive to general contextual interference in gender categorisation.

Hirohiko Kakizaki1, Igal Leibovitch2, Yasuhiro Takahashi3, Dinesh Selva41Department of Ophthalmology, Aichi Medical University, Nagakute, Aichi 480-1195, Japan; 2Division of Oculoplastic and Orbital Surgery, Department of Ophthalmology, Tel-Aviv Medical Center, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel; 3Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka 545-8585, Japan; 4South Australian Institute of Ophthalmology and Discipline of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Adelaide, AustraliaPurpose: To evaluate the effect of redundant lower eyelid skin on the eyelash direction in epiblepharon.Materials and methods: Asian patients with epiblepharon participated in this study. The lower eyelid skin was pulled downward in the upright position with the extent just to detach from eyelash roots, and the direction of the eyelashes was examined. These evaluations were repeated before surgery while the patients were lying supine under general anesthesia. Results: The study included 41 lower eyelids of 25 patients (17 females, 8 males, average age; 5.6 years, 16 cases bilateral, 9 unilateral). In the upright position, without downward traction of the skin, the eyelashes were vertically positioned and touching the cornea. The redundant skin touched only the eyelash roots and had minimal contribution to eyelash inversion. With downward skin traction, there was no significant change in the eyelash direction. In the supine position, the eyelashes were touching the cornea, and there was marked redundant skin that was pushing the eyelashes inward. With downward skin traction, there was no significant change.Conclusions: The direction of lower eyelashes in patients with epiblepharon was less influenced by lower eyelid skin redundancy than previously considered. The redundant skin is only a possible aggravating factor to epiblepharon.Keywords: epiblepharon, skin redundancy, upright, eyelash

Danske forskere undersøger, om målrettet arbejde med resiliens i skolen kan fremme elevers mentale sundhed og dermed forebygge stress og angst