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4,941 results on '"Université d'Orléans (UO)"'

1. Halogen chemistry in volcanic plumes: a 1D framework based on MOCAGE 1D (version R1.18.1) preparing 3D global chemistry modelling

Author: Virginie Marécal, Ronan Voisin-Plessis, Tjarda Jane Roberts, Alessandro Aiuppa, Herizo Narivelo, Paul David Hamer, Béatrice Josse, Jonathan Guth, Luke Surl, Lisa Grellier, Centre national de recherches météorologiques (CNRM), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Physique et Chimie de l'Environnement et de l'Espace (LPC2E), Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers en région Centre (OSUC), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National d’Études Spatiales [Paris] (CNES), Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra e del Mare [Palermo] (DiSTeM), Università degli studi di Palermo - University of Palermo, Norwegian Institute for Air Research (NILU), Department of Chemistry [Aberdeen], School of Natural and Computing Sciences, University of Aberdeen-University of Aberdeen, STRATO - LATMOS, Laboratoire Atmosphères, Milieux, Observations Spatiales (LATMOS), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre Interprofessionnel Technique d'Etude des Pollutions Atmosphériques (CITEPA), Laboratoire de Météorologie Dynamique (UMR 8539) (LMD), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-École des Ponts ParisTech (ENPC)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Département des Géosciences - ENS Paris, École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL), Norsk Institutt for Luftforskning (NILU), VOLC-HAL-CLIM: ANR-18-CE1-0018, and ANR-18-CE01-0018,VOLC-HAL-CLIM,Halogènes volcaniques : de la Terre profonde aux impacts atmosphériques(2018)
Subjects: [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-AO-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics [physics.ao-ph], [SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, Halogen chemistry, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Volcanic emissions, [SDU.STU.VO]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Volcanology, General Medicine
Abstract: HBr emissions from volcanoes lead rapidly to the formation of BrO within volcanic plumes and have an impact on tropospheric chemistry, at least at the local and regional scales. The motivation of this paper is to prepare a framework for further 3D modelling of volcanic halogen emissions in order to determine their fate within the volcanic plume and then in the atmosphere at the regional and global scales. The main aim is to evaluate the ability of the model to produce a realistic partitioning of bromine species within a grid box size typical of MOCAGE (Model Of atmospheric Chemistry At larGE scale) 3D (0.5∘ × 0.5∘). This work is based on a 1D single-column configuration of the global chemistry-transport model MOCAGE that has low enough computational cost to allow us to perform a large set of sensitivity simulations. This paper uses the emissions from the Mount Etna eruption on 10 May 2008. Several reactions are added to MOCAGE to represent the volcanic plume halogen chemistry. A simple plume parameterisation is also implemented and tested. The use of this parameterisation tends to only slightly limit the efficiency of BrO net production. Both simulations with and without the parameterisation give results for the partitioning of the bromine species, of ozone depletion and of the BrO/SO2 ratio that are consistent with previous studies. A series of test experiments were performed to evaluate the sensitivity of the results to the composition of the emissions (primary sulfate aerosols, Br radical and NO) and to the effective radius assumed for the volcanic sulfate aerosols. Simulations show that the plume chemistry is sensitive to all these parameters. We also find that the maximum altitude of the eruption changes the BrO production, which is linked to the vertical variability of the concentrations of oxidants in the background air. These sensitivity tests display changes in the bromine chemistry cycles that are generally at least as important as the plume parameterisation. Overall, the version of the MOCAGE chemistry developed for this study is suitable to produce the expected halogen chemistry in volcanic plumes during daytime and night-time.
Published: 2023

2. One-atmosphere high-temperature CO–CO2–SO2 gas-mixing furnace: design, operation, and applications

Author: Shashank Prabha-Mohan, Kenneth T. Koga, Antoine Mathieu, Franck Pointud, Diego F. Narvaez, Laboratoire Magmas et Volcans (LMV), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement et la société-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA)-Observatoire de Physique du Globe de Clermont-Ferrand (OPGC), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA), Institut des Sciences de la Terre d'Orléans - UMR7327 (ISTO), Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM) (BRGM)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers en région Centre (OSUC), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Magma - UMR7327, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM) (BRGM)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers en région Centre (OSUC), Departamento de Geología, Escuela Politécnica Nacional, ANR-10-LABX-0006,CLERVOLC,Clermont-Ferrand centre for research on volcanism(2010), and ANR-16-IDEX-0001,CAP 20-25,CAP 20-25(2016)
Subjects: Applied Mathematics, General Mathematics, [SDU.STU.PE]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Petrography
Abstract: In this paper, we present a new design for a 1 atm gas-mixing furnace using the gas mixture CO–CO2–SO2. This furnace can simulate disequilibrium processes such as magmatic and volcanic degassing. Here, we present the technical aspects of the design. The furnace can sustain temperatures of up to 1650 ∘C and has a hot zone that spans 200 mm vertically, where the hotspot is determined to be ∼ 32 mm below the midpoint of the furnace enclosure. The four mass flow controllers are individually calibrated and accurate to within 0.8 % of the specified value. The fO2 is accurately reproduced in the furnace within ±0.002 log units, as calibrated by the Fe–FeO reaction across the iron–wüstite (IW) buffer at 1300 ∘C. The furnace can reliably simulate dynamic conditions, where the fO2 can be modulated at a maximum rate of 2.0 log units min−1 by varying the gas mixture. A delay of 40 s is observed to attain the fO2 calculated from the gas mixture, at the hotspot. A series of safety measures to protect the user from exposure to the toxic gases are detailed. In our experiments, the furnace is used to determine sulfur isotope fractionation factors among melt, sulfide, and the gas phase, within a magmatic context, using either crystals of olivine or silica glass tubes. The furnace has the potential to investigate various other dynamic high-temperature reactions occurring on Earth.
Published: 2023

3. Probing PAH Formation from Heptane Pyrolysis in a Single-Pulse Shock Tube

Author: Hamadi, Alaa, Piton Carneiro, Leticia, Cano Ardila, Fabian-Esneider, Abid, Said, Chaumeix, Nabiha, Comandini, Andrea, Institut de Combustion, Aérothermique, Réactivité et Environnement (ICARE), Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut des Sciences de l'Ingénierie et des Systèmes (INSIS - CNRS), Université d'Orléans (UO), and European Project: ERC-2017-STG 756785,FUN-PM
Subjects: Heptane, Fuel Technology, Kinetic modeling, Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), [SPI.FLUID]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Reactive fluid environment, General Chemical Engineering, General Physics and Astronomy, Energy Engineering and Power Technology, General Chemistry, Single-pulse shock tube, Pyrolysis
Abstract: International audience; To improve our capabilities to model surrogate fuels, particularly in respect to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and soot formation, the pyrolysis of n-heptane is studied in a single-pulse shock across a wide temperature range (900–1700 K) at 20 bar nominal pressure and 4 ms residence time. Three different initial fuel mole fractions are considered, 103, 502, and 2000 ppm of n-heptane in argon. Fuel and intermediate species, including aromatics up to three-ring structures, are measured using gas chromatography and mass spectrometry diagnostics. An ongoing detailed chemical kinetic model for PAH chemistry has been updated to successfully capture the fuel decomposition, the formation of small hydrocarbons, and the concentration of the main PAH products. Major reaction pathways to PAHs are highlighted as well as the role of important intermediate species.
Published: 2023

4. Modeled production, oxidation, and transport processes of wetland methane emissions in temperate, boreal, and Arctic regions

Author: Masahito Ueyama, Sara H. Knox, Kyle B. Delwiche, Sheel Bansal, William J. Riley, Dennis Baldocchi, Takashi Hirano, Gavin McNicol, Karina Schafer, Lisamarie Windham‐Myers, Benjamin Poulter, Robert B. Jackson, Kuang‐Yu Chang, Jiquen Chen, Housen Chu, Ankur R. Desai, Sébastien Gogo, Hiroki Iwata, Minseok Kang, Ivan Mammarella, Matthias Peichl, Oliver Sonnentag, Eeva‐Stiina Tuittila, Youngryel Ryu, Eugénie S. Euskirchen, Mathias Göckede, Adrien Jacotot, Mats B. Nilsson, Torsten Sachs, Osaka Metropolitan University, University of British Columbia [Vancouver], Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory [Berkeley] (LBNL), Department of Environmental Science, Policy, and Management [Berkeley] (ESPM), University of California [Berkeley] (UC Berkeley), University of California (UC)-University of California (UC), US Geological Survey [Jamestown], United States Geological Survey [Reston] (USGS), Prairie and Northern Wildlife Research Centre, Environment and Climate Change Canada, Climate and Ecosystem Sciences Division, Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University [Sapporo, Japan], University of Illinois [Chicago] (UIC), University of Illinois System, Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences [Chicago] (EAES), University of Illinois System-University of Illinois System, Rutgers University [Newark], Rutgers University System (Rutgers), Department of Earth and Environmental Science [Newark], Rutgers University System (Rutgers)-Rutgers University System (Rutgers), US Geological Survey [Menlo Park], NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), Biospheric Sciences Laboratory, Department of Earth System Science [Stanford] (ESS), Stanford EARTH, Stanford University-Stanford University, Stanford University, Michigan State University System, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences [Madison], Université de Rennes (UR), Ecosystèmes, biodiversité, évolution [Rennes] (ECOBIO), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Shinshu University [Nagano], National Center for Agro-Meteorology, Helsingin yliopisto = Helsingfors universitet = University of Helsinki, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Department of Forest Ecology and Management, Université de Montréal (UdeM), University of Eastern Finland, School of Forest Sciences, Seoul National University [Seoul] (SNU), Department of Landscape Architecture and Rural Systems Engineering, Institute of Arctic Biology, University of Alaska [Fairbanks] (UAF), Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry (MPI-BGC), Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Institut des Sciences de la Terre d'Orléans - UMR7327 (ISTO), Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM) (BRGM)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers en région Centre (OSUC), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Sol Agro et hydrosystème Spatialisation (SAS), Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Agro Rennes Angers, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), and German Research Centre for Geosciences - Helmholtz-Centre Potsdam (GFZ)
Subjects: multi-site synthesis, data-model fusion, Global and Planetary Change, Ecology, methane emissions, methane model, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Environmental Chemistry, Eddy covariance, [SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment, Bayesian optimization, General Environmental Science
Abstract: International audience; Wetlands are the largest natural source of methane (CH4) to the atmosphere. The eddy covariance method provides robust measurements of net ecosystem exchange of CH4, but interpreting its spatiotemporal variations is challenging due to the co-occurrence of CH4 production, oxidation, and transport dynamics. Here, we estimate these three processes using a data-model fusion approach across 25 wetlands in temperate, boreal, and Arctic regions. Our data-constrained model—iPEACE—reasonably reproduced CH4 emissions at 19 of the 25 sites with normalized root mean square error of 0.59, correlation coefficient of 0.82, and normalized standard deviation of 0.87. Among the three processes, CH4 production appeared to be the most important process, followed by oxidation in explaining inter-site variations in CH4 emissions. Based on a sensitivity analysis, CH4 emissions were generally more sensitive to decreased water table than to increased gross primary productivity or soil temperature. For periods with leaf area index (LAI) of ≥20% of its annual peak, plant-mediated transport appeared to be the major pathway for CH4 transport. Contributions from ebullition and diffusion were relatively high during low LAI (
Published: 2023

5. Low-albedo asteroids: analogues with a high polarization at large phase angles

Author: E Hadamcik, J-B Renard, J Lasue, A C Levasseur-Regourd, M Ishiguro, PLANETO - LATMOS, Laboratoire Atmosphères, Milieux, Observations Spatiales (LATMOS), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Physique et Chimie de l'Environnement et de l'Espace (LPC2E), Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers en région Centre (OSUC), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National d’Études Spatiales [Paris] (CNES), Institut de recherche en astrophysique et planétologie (IRAP), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Department of Physics and Astronomy [Seoul], Seoul National University [Seoul] (SNU), SNU Astronomy Research Center, Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), and Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: asteroids, [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics], Space and Planetary Science, Polarimetry, minor planets, Astronomy and Astrophysics, meteors, meteroids, meteorites
Abstract: While remote observations of the linear polarization of five low-albedo near-Earth asteroids are available at large phase angles, space missions have collected materials from the surface of two of them and one of them is already back to Earth. The structure of the regolith on the surface may be different from that encountered on larger objects, because of their low gravity and thermal stress cycling. Dust particles crushed from low-albedo meteorites (i.e. Orgueil and Allende) are tentatively used as analogues to provide a better approach of such regoliths. The PROGRA2 experiment studies the light-scattering properties of dust particles of various size distributions under Earth’s gravity either deposited or with clouds lifted by an air-draught, as well as under μ-gravity conditions. Similar maximum in polarization (i.e. Pmax) values are obtained experimentally for dark particles deposited or in levitation, showing that multiple scattering is negligible. The increased sensitivity of PROGRA2 instruments, together with imaging techniques, makes it possible to study Pmax with increasing sizes of the lifted particles, up to mm-sizes and above. Our results confirm that particles constituting the regolith are mm-sized and may reach polarization values up to 50 per cent in good agreement with remote observations. Some materials are also suggested to be present on the surface of the particles. Also, huge agglomerates made by random ballistic deposition may be considered as relevant analogues e.g. for pebbles and boulders.
Published: 2022

6. Profile of an 'at cutting edge' pathology laboratory for pathological human deposits: from nanometer to in vivo scale analysis on large scale facilities

Author: Bazin, Dominique, Lucas, Ivan, Rouzière, Stéphan, Elkaim, Erik, Mocuta, Cristian, Réguer, Solenn, Reid, David, Mathurin, Jérémie, Dazzi, Alexandre, Deniset-Besseau, Ariane, Petay, Margaux, Frochot, Vincent, Haymann, Jean-Philippe, Letavernier, Emmanuel, Verpont, Marie-Christine, Foy, Eddy, Bouderlique, Elise, Colboc, Hester, Daudon, Michel, Institut de Chimie Physique (ICP), Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Interfaces et Systèmes Electrochimiques (LISE), Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Physique des Solides (LPS), Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Synchrotron SOLEIL (SSOLEIL), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Department of Chemistry [Cambridge, UK], University of Cambridge [UK] (CAM), Maladies rénales fréquentes et rares : des mécanismes moléculaires à la médecine personnalisée (CoRaKID), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Laboratoire Archéomatériaux et Prévision de l'Altération (LAPA - UMR 3685), Nanosciences et Innovation pour les Matériaux, la Biomédecine et l'Energie (ex SIS2M) (NIMBE UMR 3685), Institut Rayonnement Matière de Saclay (IRAMIS), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Rayonnement Matière de Saclay (IRAMIS), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), IRAMAT - Laboratoire Archéomatériaux et Prévision de l'Altération (IRAMAT-LAPA), Institut de Recherche sur les Archéomatériaux (IRAMAT), Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbeliard (UTBM)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbeliard (UTBM)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Palacin, Serge, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut des Matériaux Jean Rouxel (IMN), Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Nantes université - UFR des Sciences et des Techniques (Nantes univ - UFR ST), Nantes Université - pôle Sciences et technologie, Nantes Université (Nantes Univ)-Nantes Université (Nantes Univ)-Nantes Université - pôle Sciences et technologie, Nantes Université (Nantes Univ)-Nantes Université (Nantes Univ)-Nantes Université - Ecole Polytechnique de l'Université de Nantes (Nantes Univ - EPUN), and Nantes Université (Nantes Univ)-Nantes Université (Nantes Univ)
Subjects: [CHIM.THEO]Chemical Sciences/Theoretical and/or physical chemistry, [CHIM.MATE] Chemical Sciences/Material chemistry, [CHIM.THEO] Chemical Sciences/Theoretical and/or physical chemistry, [CHIM.ANAL] Chemical Sciences/Analytical chemistry, [CHIM.ANAL]Chemical Sciences/Analytical chemistry, [CHIM.MATE]Chemical Sciences/Material chemistry, Building and Construction, Electrical and Electronic Engineering
Abstract: International audience; This contribution aims to define an analysis procedure for abnormal deposits in human tissues starting from in vivo characterization, down to the nanoscale using major instrumentation. Such an integrated approach is based on recent literature, but particularly on our research over the last twenty years on pathological calcifications. To this end, we begin by describing four successive analytical steps, on the injury site or physician’s surgery, at the hospital, at a typical physicochemical laboratory, and finally at a large scale (possibly multinational) facility. For the first step, we present various techniques which can be implemented on portable instruments. For the second step, commercial analytical setups are used. In a physicochemical laboratory, prototype or commercial setups are used and finally on large scale instruments, characterization techniques with better spatial resolution and/or higher sensitivity or techniques specific to synchrotron radiation are employed.
Published: 2022

7. 55/52Mn2+ Complexes with a Bispidine-Phosphonate Ligand: High Kinetic Inertness for Imaging Applications

Author: Maryame Sy, Daouda Ndiaye, Isidro da Silva, Sara Lacerda, Loïc J. Charbonnière, Éva Tóth, Aline M. Nonat, Institut Pluridisciplinaire Hubert Curien (IPHC), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre de biophysique moléculaire (CBM), Université d'Orléans (UO)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Conditions Extrêmes et Matériaux : Haute Température et Irradiation (CEMHTI), Université d'Orléans (UO)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Département Sciences Analytiques et Interactions Ioniques et Biomoléculaires (DSA-IPHC), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and HEP, INSPIRE
Subjects: [CHIM.THEO]Chemical Sciences/Theoretical and/or physical chemistry, Inorganic Chemistry, [CHIM.THEO] Chemical Sciences/Theoretical and/or physical chemistry, [SDV.IB.IMA] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Bioengineering/Imaging, [SDV.IB.IMA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Bioengineering/Imaging, [CHIM.COOR]Chemical Sciences/Coordination chemistry, [CHIM.COOR] Chemical Sciences/Coordination chemistry, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry
Abstract: International audience; Bispidine (3,7-diazabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane) provides a rigid and preorganized scaffold that is particularly interesting for the stable and inert complexation of metal ions, especially for their application in medical imaging. In this study, we present the synthesis of two bispidine ligands with N-methanephosphonate (H4L1) and N-methanecarboxylate (H3L2) substituents as well as the physico-chemical properties of the corresponding Mn2+ and Zn2+ complexes. The two complexes [Mn(L-1)](2- )and [Mn(L-2)](-) have relatively moderate thermodynamic stability constants according to potentiometric titration data. However, they both display an exceptional kinetic inertness, as assessed by transmetallation experiments in the presence of 50 equiv excess of Zn2+, showing only similar to 40 and 20% of dissociation for [Mn(L-1)](2- ) and [Mn(L-2)](-), respectively, after 150 days at pH 6 and 37°C. Proton relaxivities amount to r(1 )= 4.31 mM(-1 )s(-1 )([Mn(L-1)](2-)) and 3.64 mM(-1) s(-1 )([Mn(L-2)](-)) at 20 MHz, 25°C, and are remarkable for Mn2+ complexes with one inner-sphere water molecule (q = 1); they are comparable to that of the commercial contrast agent [Gd(DOTA)(H2O)](-). The presence of one inner-sphere water molecule and an associative water exchange mechanism was confirmed by temperature-dependent transverse O-17 relaxation rate measurements, which yielded k(ex)(298) = 0.12 x 10(7) and 5.5 x 10(7) s(-1 )for the water exchange rate of the phosphonate and the carboxylate complex, respectively. In addition, radiolabeling experiments with Mn-52 were also performed with H-2(L-1)(2-) showing excellent radiolabeling properties and quantitative complexation at pH 7 in 15 min at room temperature as well as excellent stability of the complex in various biological media over 24 h.
Published: 2022

8. Radiative impacts of the Australian bushfires 2019–2020 – Part 1: Large-scale radiative forcing

Author: Pasquale Sellitto, Redha Belhadji, Corinna Kloss, Bernard Legras, Laboratoire Interuniversitaire des Systèmes Atmosphériques (LISA (UMR_7583)), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Laboratoire de Physique et Chimie de l'Environnement et de l'Espace (LPC2E), Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers en région Centre (OSUC), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National d’Études Spatiales [Paris] (CNES), Laboratoire de Météorologie Dynamique (UMR 8539) (LMD), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-École des Ponts ParisTech (ENPC)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Département des Géosciences - ENS Paris, École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), and Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)
Subjects: Atmospheric Science, [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics]
Abstract: As a consequence of extreme heat and drought, record-breaking wildfires developed and ravaged south-eastern Australia during the fire season 2019–2020. The fire strength reached its paroxysmal phase at the turn of the year 2019–2020. During this phase, pyrocumulonimbus clouds (pyroCb) developed and injected biomass burning aerosols and gases into the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere (UTLS). The UTLS aerosol layer was massively perturbed by these fires, with aerosol extinction increased by a factor of 3 in the visible spectral range in the Southern Hemisphere, with respect to a background atmosphere, and stratospheric aerosol optical depth reaching values as large as 0.015 in February 2020. Using the best available description of this event by observations, we estimate the radiative forcing (RF) of such perturbations of the Southern Hemispheric aerosol layer. We use offline radiative transfer modelling driven by observed information of the aerosol extinction perturbation and its spectral variability obtained from limb satellite measurements. Based on hypotheses on the absorptivity and the angular scattering properties of the aerosol layer, the regional (at three latitude bands in the Southern Hemisphere) clear-sky TOA (top-of-atmosphere) RF is found varying from small positive values to relatively large negative values (up to −2.0 W m−2), and the regional clear-sky surface RF is found to be consistently negative and reaching large values (up to −4.5 W m−2). We argue that clear-sky positive values are unlikely for this event, if the ageing/mixing of the biomass burning plume is mirrored by the evolution of its optical properties. Our best estimate for the area-weighted global-equivalent clear-sky RF is -0.35±0.21 (TOA RF) and -0.94±0.26 W m−2 (surface RF), thus the strongest documented for a fire event and of comparable magnitude with the strongest volcanic eruptions of the post-Pinatubo era. The surplus of RF at the surface, with respect to TOA, is due to absorption within the plume that has contributed to the generation of ascending smoke vortices in the stratosphere. Highly reflective underlying surfaces, like clouds, can nevertheless swap negative to positive TOA RF, with global average RF as high as +1.0 W m−2 assuming highly absorbing particles.
Published: 2022

9. Are Operando Measurements of Rechargeable Batteries Always Reliable? An Example of Beam Effect with a Mg Battery

Author: Lucie Blondeau, Suzy Surblé, Eddy Foy, Hicham Khodja, Stéphanie Belin, Magali Gauthier, Laboratoire d'Etudes des Eléments Légers (LEEL - UMR 3685), Nanosciences et Innovation pour les Matériaux, la Biomédecine et l'Energie (ex SIS2M) (NIMBE UMR 3685), Institut Rayonnement Matière de Saclay (IRAMIS), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Rayonnement Matière de Saclay (IRAMIS), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Archéomatériaux et Prévision de l'Altération (LAPA - UMR 3685), IRAMAT - Laboratoire Archéomatériaux et Prévision de l'Altération (IRAMAT-LAPA), Institut de Recherche sur les Archéomatériaux (IRAMAT), Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbeliard (UTBM)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbeliard (UTBM)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Synchrotron SOLEIL (SSOLEIL), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and ANR-16-CE05-0004,MAGICIEN,MAGnésium-Ion: batteries haute Capacité Innovantes à base d'Electrodes négatives Nanostructurées(2016)
Subjects: [CHIM.MATE]Chemical Sciences/Material chemistry, Analytical Chemistry
Abstract: International audience; Operando and in situ techniques are becoming mandatory to study Li-ion, post Li-ion, and solid-state batteries. They are essential for monitoring the (electro)chemical and dynamic processes in the battery environment and for providing understanding at different spatial and temporal scales. While operando measurements are becoming more and more routine, scientists have to keep in mind that such experiments are not always harmless for the battery operation, especially when using synchrotron techniques. This is the case in the example described herein with Mg batteries. We show that the electrode reactivity in a InSb/organohaluminate electrolyte/Mg cell is strongly retarded during operando synchrotron X-ray absorption acquisition. Through comparison of ex situ, operando, and in situ data, we demonstrate that this effect occurred only on the samples’ volumes exposed to the X-ray radiation. This study illustrates how incorrect conclusions might be drawn from operando measurements, especially when looking at new battery chemistries, and calls for extreme caution when designing and interpreting operando data.
Published: 2022

10. Molecular-level understanding of metal ion retention in clay-rich materials

Author: Xiandong Liu, Christophe Tournassat, Sylvain Grangeon, Andrey G. Kalinichev, Yoshio Takahashi, Maria Marques Fernandes, Nanjing University (NJU), Institut des Sciences de la Terre d'Orléans - UMR7327 (ISTO), Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM) (BRGM)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers en région Centre (OSUC), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Biogéosystèmes Continentaux - UMR7327, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM) (BRGM)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers en région Centre (OSUC), Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory [Berkeley] (LBNL), Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM) (BRGM), Laboratoire de physique subatomique et des technologies associées (SUBATECH), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-IMT Atlantique (IMT Atlantique), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Nantes université - UFR des Sciences et des Techniques (Nantes univ - UFR ST), Nantes Université - pôle Sciences et technologie, Nantes Université (Nantes Univ)-Nantes Université (Nantes Univ)-Nantes Université - pôle Sciences et technologie, Nantes Université (Nantes Univ)-Nantes Université (Nantes Univ), Tokyo University of Science [Tokyo], Paul Scherrer Institute (PSI), ANR-10-LABX-0100,VOLTAIRE,Geofluids and Volatil elements – Earth, Atmosphere, Interfaces – Resources and Environment(2010), and European Project: 847593,EURAD(2019)
Subjects: Atmospheric Science, [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics], Pollution, Nature and Landscape Conservation, Earth-Surface Processes
Abstract: International audience; Clay minerals retain or adsorb metal ions in the Earth’s critical zone. Rocks, sediments and soils rich in clay minerals can concentrate rare earth elements (REEs) in ion adsorption-type deposits (IADs) and are similarly effective at metallic contaminant remediation. However, the molecular-scale chemical and physical mechanisms of metal ion retention remain only partly understood. In this Review, we describe the nature, location and energy requirements of metal retention at clay mineral surfaces. Retention originates mainly from electrostatic interactions during cation exchange at low pH and chemical bonding in surface complexation and precipitation at neutral and high pH. Surface complexation can induce surface redox reactions and precipitation mechanisms including neoformation of clay mineral layered structures. In IADs, outer-sphere adsorption is the major retention mechanism of REE ions. By contrast, the use of clay minerals in pollution control relies on various mechanisms that can coexist, including cation exchange, surface complexation and nucleation growth. To more effectively leverage clay mineral–metal interactions in resource recovery and contaminant remediation, complex mechanisms such as surface precipitation and redox reactions must be better understood; for instance, by utilizing advances in quantum mechanical calculations, close combination between synchrotron and simulation techniques, and upscaling of molecular-level information in macroscopic thermokinetic predictive models.
Published: 2022

11. Effect of hydrological and vegetation restorations on the C sink function of the disturbed La Guette peatland

Author: Bou Melhem, Rima, Jourdain, Line, Gogo, Sébastien, Leroy, Fabien, Jacotot, Adrien, d'Angelo, Benoît, Laggoun-Défarge, Fatima, Guimbaud, Christophe, Laboratoire de Physique et Chimie de l'Environnement et de l'Espace (LPC2E), Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers en région Centre (OSUC), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National d’Études Spatiales [Paris] (CNES), Ecosystèmes, biodiversité, évolution [Rennes] (ECOBIO), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut des Sciences de la Terre d'Orléans - UMR7327 (ISTO), Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM) (BRGM)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers en région Centre (OSUC), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Biogéosystèmes Continentaux - UMR7327, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM) (BRGM)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers en région Centre (OSUC), and SNO Tourbières
Subjects: [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics]
Abstract: International audience; Natural peatlands represent 1/3 of the world C soils and contribute significantly to sequestration of atmospheric CO2 by assimilation and storage of non-well decomposed organic C, due to their specific predominant vegetation such as Sphagnum species. However, they are encountering anthropogenic-induced pressures that disturb their structure (implying shift of vegetation), with potential consequences on their carbon sink function. In an attempt to mitigate this effect, restoration experiments were undertaken at La Guette peatland, a hydrologically disturbed temperate Sphagnum-peatland invaded by vascular plants, which is now a carbon source. Hydrological restoration was performed by blocking drains with dams and vegetation restoration was undertaken by either i) removing first 5 cm of peat (bare plots) or ii) removing first 5 cm of peat and transferring Sphagnum mosses (Sphagnum plots). To study the effect of these experiments, CO2 and CH4 fluxes together with environmental variables and vegetation indices were monitored from 2014 to 2017 in 24 2mx2m plots. The annual carbon budget for each plot was estimated using empirical models. Preliminary results show that the hydrological restored site presented lower annual mean CO2 emissions than the undisturbed site. In addition, Sphagnum plots had the lowest annual mean CO2 emissions followed by bare peat plots then by intact plots. Hence, the results of these models provide evidence that hydrological and vegetation restorations favour the return to the C sink function of the peatland. However, there is still a need for larger-scale studies to better estimate the effect of restoration activities on peatland greenhouse carbon budgets.
Published: 2023

12. IP signature of metallic particles: lessons learnt from field and laboratory experiments

Author: Pauline Kessouri, Clémence Ryckebusch, Alejandro Fernandez-Visentini, Lee D. Slater, Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM) (BRGM), Institut des Sciences de la Terre d'Orléans - UMR7327 (ISTO), Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM) (BRGM)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers en région Centre (OSUC), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Milieux Poreux - UMR7327, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM) (BRGM)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers en région Centre (OSUC), Rutgers University [Newark], Rutgers University System (Rutgers), Schlumberger-Doll Research Center (USA, MA), and European Project: NWE918,NWE-REGENERATIS
Subjects: brownfield rehabilitation, Induced polarization, Metallic particles, [SDU.STU.GP]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geophysics [physics.geo-ph], [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Past Metallurgical sites and Deposits (PMSD)
Abstract: Past metallurgical sites and deposits account for a significant proportion of potentially contaminated sites in the European Union (EU): about 100,000 have been identified only in the North West regions of the EU. While recent wastes from sites still in operation are commonly recovered, this is not the case for old aggregated materials with a high content of ferrous (and other) metals, white and black slag, etc., which are considered to be sources of pollution and are costly to manage or dispose of. These sites could be considered as opportunities to recover large volumes of resources (metals, materials and land) using urban mining techniques if they were better characterized.The induced polarization (IP) method is a geophysical method known to be sensitive to the presence of various metallic particles disseminated in the soil layers. If qualitative interpretation of the measured IP parameters in the field (i.e. resistivity and chargeability) are widespread, quantitative interpretation in terms of concentrations of different metallic particles is yet to be developed.The example of the Pompey field site (FR), investigated as part of the NWE-REGENERATIS project (https://www.nweurope.eu/projects/project-search/nwe-regeneratis-regeneration-of-past-metallurgical-sites-and-deposits-through-innovative-circularity-for-raw-materials/), is used in this study to present the interest in using time domain IP (TDIP) field measurements to characterize metallurgical past deposits. Several paths are explored to convert resistivity and chargeability TDIP tomographies into quantitative interpretation of metallic element concentrations: (1) extraction of frequency data from TDIP field measurements; and (2) upscaling of lab results through numerical simulations.Regarding (1), TDIP measurement were made with different time windows (different frequencies), giving us access to spectral IP (SIP) processing and interpretation at 5 frequencies. These new frequency interpretations of the TDIP can be compared to lab measurements and facilitate the upscaling of the found petrophysical relationships.Regarding (2), in order to interpret the TDIP results in terms of concentration of metallic particles, known petrophysical relationships and geochemical measurements obtained at the lab scale need to be interpreted at the field scale. We propose to use a Bayesian framework for inferring field-scale metallic particles concentrations, taking into account heterogeneity and anisotropy within the inversion schemes. This work is ongoing.For both (1) and (2), it is crucial to find the best petrophysical relationships linking the IP parameters to concentration and size of metallic particles. Wong (1979) developed a physics-based electrochemical model that is still used today. We further investigate the Wong model to explore the role of the background porous medium itself in determining the IP signature of disseminated metallic particles and discuss the sensitivity of the model to estimate metallic grains concentration.All these different research paths lead to a better understanding of metallic particles IP signature at a small scale, as well as discussions on how to use these findings to better characterize and reevaluate past metallurgical sites and deposits.This study was funded by the North West Europe (NWE) Interreg project called NWE-REGENERATIS that aims at the regeneration of past metallurgic sites and deposits through innovative circularity for raw materials, and by Schlumberger-Doll Research Center (USA, MA).
Published: 2023

13. Revealing the iron skeleton of Notre-Dame de Paris. Methodologies and issues of archaeological and analytical investigations following the blaze

Author: Maxime L'Héritier, Aurélia Azéma, Delphine Syvilay, Delphine Neff, Ivan Guillot, Emmanuelle Delqué-Kolic, Thibault Creacheadec, Philippe Dillmann, Archéologies et Sciences de l'Antiquité (ArScAn), Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Université Paris 8 Vincennes-Saint-Denis (UP8)-Université Paris Nanterre (UPN)-Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paris 8 Vincennes-Saint-Denis (UP8), Archéologie de la Gaule : structures économiques et sociales (GAMA), Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Université Paris 8 Vincennes-Saint-Denis (UP8)-Université Paris Nanterre (UPN)-Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Université Paris 8 Vincennes-Saint-Denis (UP8)-Université Paris Nanterre (UPN)-Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de recherche des monuments historiques (LRMH), Centre de Recherche sur la Conservation (CRC ), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), IRAMAT - Laboratoire Archéomatériaux et Prévision de l'Altération (IRAMAT-LAPA), Institut de Recherche sur les Archéomatériaux (IRAMAT), Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbeliard (UTBM)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbeliard (UTBM)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Nanosciences et Innovation pour les Matériaux, la Biomédecine et l'Energie (ex SIS2M) (NIMBE UMR 3685), Institut Rayonnement Matière de Saclay (IRAMIS), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Chimie et des Matériaux Paris-Est (ICMPE), Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de mesure du carbone 14 (LMC14 - UMS 2572), and Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire (IRSN)-Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Archeology, [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics], Chemistry (miscellaneous), Materials Science (miscellaneous), Conservation, General Economics, Econometrics and Finance, Spectroscopy
Abstract: International audience
Published: 2023

14. Reproductives signature revealed by protein profiling and behavioral bioassays in termite

Author: Ruhland, Fanny, Gabant, Guillaume, Toussaint, Timothée, Nemcic, Matej, Cadène, Martine, Lucas, Christophe, Université de Tours (UT), Institut de recherche sur la biologie de l'insecte UMR7261 (IRBI), Université de Tours (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre de biophysique moléculaire (CBM), Université d'Orléans (UO)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université d'Orléans (UO), Région Centre-Val de Loire (APR-IR 2017-00117111 BioControleTermite, APRIA MALDITOF 2018, APR-IA 2012, APR-IA SYMBIOMS 2010), European Project: 773324,ForestValue, and European Project: 508 2699-33931
Subjects: Multidisciplinary, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], [SDV.BBM.BC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology/Biochemistry [q-bio.BM], [SDV.EE.IEO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Symbiosis
Abstract: Proteins are known to be social interaction signals in many species in the animal kingdom. Common mediators in mammals and aquatic species, they have seldom been identified as such in insects' behaviors. Yet, they could represent an important component to support social signals in social insects, as the numerous physical contacts between individuals would tend to favor the use of contact compounds in their interactions. However, their role in social interactions is largely unexplored: are they rare or simply underestimated? In this preliminary study, we show that, in the termite Reticulitermes flavipes, polar extracts from reproductives trigger body-shaking of workers (a vibratory behavior involved in reproductives recognition) while extracts from workers do not. Molecular profiling of these cuticular extracts using MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry reveals higher protein diversity in reproductives than in workers and a sex-specific composition exclusive to reproductives. While the effects observed with extracts are not as strong as with live termites, these results open up the intriguing possibility that social signaling may not be limited to cuticular hydrocarbons or other non-polar, volatile chemicals as classically accepted. Our results suggest that polar compounds, in particular some of the Cuticular Protein Compounds (CPCs) shown here by MALDI to be specific to reproductives, could play a significant role in insect societies. While this study is preliminary and further comprehensive molecular characterization is needed to correlate the body-shaking triggering effects with a given set of polar compounds, this exploratory study opens new perspectives for understanding the role of polar compounds such as proteins in caste discrimination, fertility signaling, or interspecific insect communication.
Published: 2023

15. Thermosphere and satellite drag

Author: Sean Bruinsma, Thierry Dudok de Wit, Tim Fuller-Rowell, Katherine Garcia-Sage, Piyush Mehta, Fabian Schiemenz, Yuri Y. Shprits, Ruggero Vasile, Jia Yue, Sean Elvidge, Géosciences Environnement Toulouse (GET), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Physique et Chimie de l'Environnement et de l'Espace (LPC2E), Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers en région Centre (OSUC), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National d’Études Spatiales [Paris] (CNES), International Space Science Institute [Bern] (ISSI), NOAA Space Weather Prediction Center (SWPC), National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), West Virginia University [Morgantown], Airbus Defence and Space GmbH, German Research Centre for Geosciences - Helmholtz-Centre Potsdam (GFZ), and University of Birmingham [Birmingham]
Subjects: Atmospheric Science, Geophysics, [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics], Space and Planetary Science, Thermosphere model, Thermosphere model drivers, Aerospace Engineering, General Earth and Planetary Sciences, Thermosphere density data, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Satellite drag Thermosphere model Thermosphere density data Thermosphere model drivers, Satellite drag
Abstract: Accurate forecasts of thermosphere densities, realistic calculation of aerodynamic drag, and propagation of the uncertainty on the predicted orbit positions are required for conjunction analysis and collision avoidance decision making. The main focus of the Committee on Space Research (COSPAR) International Space Weather Action Teams (ISWAT) involved in atmosphere variability studies is satellite drag, and this paper reviews our current capabilities and lists recommendations. The uncertainty in the density of thermosphere models is due to the combined effect of employing simplified or incomplete algorithms, inconsistent and sparse density data, incomplete drivers for upper atmosphere heating processes (proxies for solar and geomagnetic activity), and forecast error of said drivers. When calculating drag, the uncertainty is amplified due to the satellite shape and aerodynamic model. The sources of uncertainty are reviewed in this paper, and possible and promising ways forward are proposed. Data assimilation models/approaches have demonstrated superior skill in reproducing the thermosphere's state and are the most promising way forward. However, data to drive the models is generally lacking, and they require significant computational resources. Substantial progress can only be made by means of setting up a full-blown observing system, including not only density and composition measurements, but equally the necessary model drivers.
Published: 2023

16. Investigating the nature and properties of MAXI J1810−222 with radio and X-ray observations

Author: T D Russell, M Del Santo, A Marino, A Segreto, S E Motta, A Bahramian, S Corbel, A D’Aì, T Di Salvo, J C A Miller-Jones, C Pinto, F Pintore, A Tzioumis, European Commission, Agencia Estatal de Investigación (España), Astrophysique Interprétation Modélisation (AIM (UMR7158 / UMR_E_9005 / UM_112)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Unité Scientifique de la Station de Nançay (USN), Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers en région Centre (OSUC), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, and Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE), Accretion, individual: MAXI J1810-222 [X-rays], Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, FOS: Physical sciences, transients [Radio continuum], neutron [Stars], Astronomy and Astrophysics, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, Black hole physics, Stars: neutron, X-rays:binaries, X-rays: binaries, Space and Planetary Science, Radio continuum: transients, Astrophysics::Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, binaries [X-rays], X-rays: individual: MAXI J1810−222, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, [PHYS.ASTR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], Accretion discs, X-rays: individual: MAXI J1810-222
Abstract: We present results from radio and X-ray observations of the X-ray transient MAXI J1810-222. The nature of the accretor in this source has not been identified. In this paper, we show results from a quasi-simultaneous radio and X-ray monitoring campaign taken with the Australia Telescope Compact Array (ATCA), the Neil Gehrels Swift observatory X-ray telescope (XRT), and the Swift Burst Alert Telescope (BAT). We also analyse the X-ray temporal behaviour using observations from the Neutron star Interior Composition Explorer (NICER). Results show a seemingly peculiar X-ray spectral evolution of MAXI J1810-222 during this outburst, where the source was initially only detected in the soft X-ray band for the early part of the outburst. Then, ~200 days after MAXI J1810-222 was first detected the hard X-ray emission increased and the source transitioned to a long-lived (~1.5 years) bright, harder X-ray state. After this hard state, MAXI J1810-222 returned back to a softer state, before fading and transitioning again to a harder state and then appearing to follow a more typical outburst decay. From the X-ray spectral and timing properties, and the source's radio behaviour, we argue that the results from this study are most consistent with MAXI J1810-222 being a relatively distant ($\gtrsim$6 kpc) black hole X-ray binary. A sufficiently large distance to source can simply explain the seemingly odd outburst evolution that was observed, where only the brightest portion of the outburst was detectable by the all-sky X-ray telescopes., Comment: 15 pages, 8 figures, 5 tables, accepted for publication in MNRAS
Published: 2022

17. Geometric and probabilistic results for the observability of the wave equation

Author: Emmanuel Humbert, Yannick Privat, Emmanuel Trélat, Institut Denis Poisson (IDP), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Tours-Université d'Orléans (UO), Institut de Recherche Mathématique Avancée (IRMA), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA), TOkamaks and NUmerical Simulations (TONUS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Inria Nancy - Grand Est, Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria), Laboratoire Jacques-Louis Lions (LJLL (UMR_7598)), Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Control And GEometry (CaGE ), Inria de Paris, Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Laboratoire Jacques-Louis Lions (LJLL (UMR_7598)), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Tours (UT)-Université d'Orléans (UO), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Inria Nancy - Grand Est, Université d'Orléans (UO)-Université de Tours (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Universitaire de France (IUF), Ministère de l'Education nationale, de l’Enseignement supérieur et de la Recherche (M.E.N.E.S.R.), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Université d'Orléans (UO)-Université de Tours-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: [MATH.MATH-PR]Mathematics [math]/Probability [math.PR], observability, [MATH.MATH-DG]Mathematics [math]/Differential Geometry [math.DG], General Mathematics, random set, [MATH.MATH-AP]Mathematics [math]/Analysis of PDEs [math.AP], wave equation, [MATH.MATH-OC]Mathematics [math]/Optimization and Control [math.OC], Riemannian geometry
Abstract: Given any measurable subset $\omega$ of a closed Riemannian manifold $(M,g)$ and given any $T>0$, we define $\ell^T(\omega)\in[0,1]$ as the smallest average time over $[0,T]$ spent by all geodesic rays in $\omega$. This quantity appears naturally when studying observability properties for the wave equation on $M$, with $\omega$ as an observation subset: the condition $\ell^T(\omega)>0$ is the well known \emph{Geometric Control Condition}.In this article we establish two properties of the functional $\ell^T$, one is geometric and the other is probabilistic.The first geometric property is on the maximal discrepancy of $\ell^T$ when taking the closure. We may have $\ell^T(\mathring{\omega})1/2$ then the Geometric Control Condition is satisfied and thus the wave equation is observable on $\omega$ in time $T$. The second property is of probabilistic nature. We take $M=\mathbb{T}^2$, the flat two-dimensional torus, and we consider a regular grid on it, a regular checkerboard made of $n^2$ square white cells. We construct random subsets $\omega_\varepsilon^n$ by darkening each cell in this grid with a probability $\varepsilon$. We prove that the random law $\ell^T(\omega_\varepsilon^n)$ converges in probability to $\varepsilon$ as $n\rightarrow+\infty$.As a consequence, if $n$ is large enough then the Geometric Control Condition is satisfied almost surely and thus the wave equation is observable on $\omega_\varepsilon^n$ in time $T$.
Published: 2022

18. Reactive transport experiments of coupled carbonation and serpentinization in a natural serpentinite. Implication for hydrogen production and carbon geological storage

Author: Osselin, Florian, Pichavant, Michel, Champallier, R��mi, Ulrich, Marc, Raimbourg, Hugues, Institut des Sciences de la Terre d'Orléans - UMR7327 (ISTO), Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM) (BRGM)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers en région Centre (OSUC), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Métallogénie - UMR7327, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM) (BRGM)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers en région Centre (OSUC), Institut Terre Environnement Strasbourg (ITES), École Nationale du Génie de l'Eau et de l'Environnement de Strasbourg (ENGEES)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), ANR-10-LABX-0100,VOLTAIRE,Geofluids and Volatil elements – Earth, Atmosphere, Interfaces – Resources and Environment(2010), and ANR-11-EQPX-0036,PLANEX,Planète Expérimentation: simulation et analyse in-situ en conditions extrêmes(2011)
Subjects: 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Serpentinization, FOS: Physical sciences, [SDU.STU]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences, Reactive-percolation experiments, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, 01 natural sciences, Geophysics (physics.geo-ph), Physics - Geophysics, [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics], 13. Climate action, Geochemistry and Petrology, Carbonation, Serpentinites, Hydrogen, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract: International audience; Serpentinization and carbonation of ultramafic formations is a ubiquitous phenomenon, which deeply influences the biogeochemical cycles of water, hydrogen, carbon…while supporting the particular biosphere around the oceanic hydrothermal vents. Carbonation of peridotites and other mafic and ultramafic rocks is also a hot topic in the current energy landscape as the engineered sequestration of mineral CO2 in these formations could help reduce the atmospheric emissions and cope with climate change. In this study, we present two reactive percolation experiments performed on a natural serpentinite dredged from the ultraslow South-West Indian Oceanic Ridge. The serpentinite cores (length 3-4 cm and dia. 5.6 mm) were subjected for about 10 days to the continuous injection of a NaHCO3-saturated brine at respectively 160°C and 280°C. Petrographic and petrophysical results as well as outlet fluid compositions were compared to numerical batch simulations performed with the PHREEQC open software allowing to reconstruct the mineralogical evolution of both cores. The most striking observation is the fast and dramatic decrease of the permeability for both experiments principally due to the precipitation of carbonates. On the contrary, serpentine was found to be less impacting as it precipitates in low-flow zones, out of the main percolation paths. In total, about 5.6% of the total injected CO2 was retained in the core, at 280°C. In the same time, hydrogen was consistently produced with a total recovered H2 corresponding to 0.8% of the maximum H2 possible. The global behavior of the cores is interpreted as the result from an interplay between interacting spatio-temporal lengthscales controlled by the Damköhler number.
Published: 2022

19. Water solubility in trachytic and pantelleritic melts: an experimental study

Author: Pierangelo Romano, Silvio G. Rotolo, Joan Andújar, Ida Di Carlo, Romano P, Di Carlo I, Andujar J, Rotolo SG, Istituto Nazionale di Geofisca e Vulcanologia, Università degli studi di Palermo - University of Palermo, Institut des Sciences de la Terre d'Orléans - UMR7327 (ISTO), Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM) (BRGM)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers en région Centre (OSUC), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Magma - UMR7327, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM) (BRGM)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers en région Centre (OSUC), ANR-10-LABX-0100,VOLTAIRE,Geofluids and Volatil elements – Earth, Atmosphere, Interfaces – Resources and Environment(2010), and ANR-11-EQPX-0036,PLANEX,Planète Expérimentation: simulation et analyse in-situ en conditions extrêmes(2011)
Subjects: Materials science, Aqueous solution, Water solubility, 010401 analytical chemistry, Settore GEO/07 - Petrologia E Petrografia, [SDU.STU]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences, Trachyte, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, 01 natural sciences, 0104 chemical sciences, Chemical engineering, [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics], General Earth and Planetary Sciences, Experiments, Alkaline magmas, Pantellerite, Trachyte, Pantellerite,Water solubility, Experiments, Alkaline magmas, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, General Environmental Science
Abstract: International audience; Solubility experiments were performed on a trachyte and a pantellerite from Pantelleria. The trachyte has SiO 2 = 65.2 wt%, Al 2 O 3 = 15.2 wt% and a peralkaline index (P.I. = molar[(Na 2 O + K 2 O)/Al 2 O 3 ]) ∼ 1 while the pantellerite has SiO 2 = 72.2 wt%, Al 2 O 3 = 11 wt% and a P.I. = 1.3. Solubility experiments were performed in the pressure range of 50-300 MPa at T = 950°C for the trachyte and 50-200 MPa at T = 850°C for the pantellerite. The water content of experimental glasses was determined by Karl Fischer titration, elemental analyser and FT-IR spectroscopy. Water content appears similar in both compositions for analogous pressure conditions, varying from ∼2.5 wt% at 50 MPa to ∼5.8 at 200 MPa. Comparison of the experimental data with the thermodynamic models shows that the empirical model of Moore et al. [1998] better matches the experimental data for both compositions, while the thermodynamic models of Papale et al. [2006] and Ghiorso and Gualda [2015] tend to overestimate melt water content, probably due to the paucity of peralkaline melt compositions used for calibration. One inference of these new solubility data is on MI-derived depth of felsic reservoirs at Pantelleria which deepens from 2.4 to 3.5 km.
Published: 2022

20. Analytical prediction of delayed Hopf bifurcations in a simplified stochastic model of reed musical instruments

Author: Baptiste Bergeot, Christophe Vergez, Dynamique interactions vibrations Structures (DivS), Laboratoire de Mécanique Gabriel Lamé (LaMé), Université d'Orléans (UO)-Université de Tours (UT)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Centre Val de Loire (INSA CVL), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Université de Tours (UT)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Centre Val de Loire (INSA CVL), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Centre Val de Loire (INSA CVL), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA), Laboratoire de Mécanique et d'Acoustique [Marseille] (LMA ), and Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-École Centrale de Marseille (ECM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Control and Systems Engineering, Applied Mathematics, Mechanical Engineering, [NLIN.NLIN-CD]Nonlinear Sciences [physics]/Chaotic Dynamics [nlin.CD], Aerospace Engineering, Ocean Engineering, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, [PHYS.MECA.ACOU]Physics [physics]/Mechanics [physics]/Acoustics [physics.class-ph]
Abstract: International audience; This paper investigates the dynamic behavior of a simplified single reed instrument model subject to a stochastic forcing of white noise type when one of its bifurcation parameters (the dimensionless blowing pressure) increases linearly over time and crosses the Hopf bifurcation point of its trivial equilibrium position. The stochastic slow dynamics of the model is first obtained by means of the stochastic averaging method. The resulting averaged system reduces to a non-autonomous one-dimensional Itô stochastic differential equation governing the time evolution of the mouthpiece pressure amplitude. Under relevant approximations the latter is solved analytically treating separately cases where noise can be ignored and cases where it cannot. From that, two analytical expressions of the bifurcation parameter value for which the mouthpiece pressure amplitude gets its initial value back are deduced. These special values of the bifurcation parameter characterize the effective appearance of sound in the instrument and are called deterministic dynamic bifurcation point if the noise can be neglected and stochastic dynamic bifurcation point otherwise. Finally, for illustration and validation purposes, the analytical results are compared with direct numerical integration of the model in both deterministic and stochastic situations. In each considered case, a good agreement is observed between theoretical results and numerical simulations, which validates the proposed analysis.
Published: 2022

21. Instrumentation for Ionized Space Environments: New High Time Resolution Instrumental Modes of Mutual Impedance Experiments

Author: L. Bucciantini, P. Henri, P. Dazzi, G. Wattieaux, F. Lavorenti, X. Vallières, J. Y. Brochot, F. Colin, M. C. Katrougkalou, G. Vengeons, T. Lecas, O. Le Duff, Laboratoire de Physique et Chimie de l'Environnement et de l'Espace (LPC2E), Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers en région Centre (OSUC), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National d’Études Spatiales [Paris] (CNES), Joseph Louis LAGRANGE (LAGRANGE), Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (1965 - 2019) (UNS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur, COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire d'études spatiales et d'instrumentation en astrophysique = Laboratory of Space Studies and Instrumentation in Astrophysics (LESIA), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Plasmas Réactifs Hors Equilibre (LAPLACE-PRHE), LAboratoire PLasma et Conversion d'Energie (LAPLACE), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT), Institut de recherche en astrophysique et planétologie (IRAP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), and Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Geophysics, [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics], Space and Planetary Science
Abstract: Mutual impedance experiments are in situ plasma diagnostic techniques for the identification of the plasma density and the electron temperature. Different versions of mutual impedance instruments were included in past and present space missions (e.g., Rosetta, BepiColombo, JUICE and Comet Interceptor). New versions are currently being devised to fit the strong mass, volume and power constraints on nanosatellite platforms for future multi-point space missions. In this study, our goal is to define and validate two new instrumental modes (i.e., chirp and multi-spectral modes) to improve the time resolution of the experiment with respect to typical mutual impedance instrumental modes (i.e., frequency sweep). Higher time resolution measurements are expected to simplify the integration of mutual impedance experiments onboard nanosatellite platforms by facilitating antenna sharing between different experiments. The investigation is performed both (a) numerically, using a 1D-1V electrostatic full kinetic Vlasov-Poisson model and, (b) experimentally, with laboratory tests using a vacuum chamber and a plasma source. From a plasma diagnostic point of view, we find that both the chirp and multi-spectral modes provide measurements identical to the (reference) frequency sweep mode. From an instrumental point of view, multi-spectral measurements are faster than frequency sweep measurements but they require larger amounts of onboard computing resources (i.e., larger power consumption). Chirp measurements, instead, outperform frequency sweep measurements both in terms of measurement duration (20 times faster) and onboard processor usage (20% less).
Published: 2023

22. MAXI J1848-015: The First Detection of Relativistically Moving Outflows from a Globular Cluster X-ray Binary

Author: A. Bahramian, E. Tremou, A. J. Tetarenko, J. C. A. Miller-Jones, R. P. Fender, S. Corbel, D. R. A. Williams, J. Strader, F. Carotenuto, R. Salinas, J. A. Kennea, S. E. Motta, P. A. Woudt, J. H. Matthews, T. D. Russell, Astrophysique Interprétation Modélisation (AIM (UMR7158 / UMR_E_9005 / UM_112)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Unité Scientifique de la Station de Nançay (USN), Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers en région Centre (OSUC), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, and Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE), Space and Planetary Science, FOS: Physical sciences, Astronomy and Astrophysics, [PHYS.ASTR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
Abstract: Over the past decade, observations of relativistic outflows from outbursting X-ray binaries in the Galactic field have grown significantly. In this work, we present the first detection of moving and decelerating radio-emitting outflows from an X-ray binary in a globular cluster. MAXI J1848-015 is a recently discovered transient X-ray binary in the direction of the globular cluster GLIMPSE-C01. Using observations from the VLA, and a monitoring campaign with the MeerKAT observatory for 500 days, we model the motion of the outflows. This represents some of the most intensive, long-term coverage of relativistically moving X-ray binary outflows to date. We use the proper motions of the outflows from MAXI J1848-015 to constrain the component of the intrinsic jet speed along the line of sight, $\beta_\textrm{int} \cos \theta_\textrm{ejection}$, to be $=0.19\pm0.02$. Assuming it is located in GLIMPSE-C01, at 3.4 kpc, we determine the intrinsic jet speed, $\beta_\textrm{int}=0.79\pm0.07$, and the inclination angle to the line of sight, $\theta_\textrm{ejection}=76^\circ\pm2^{\circ}$. This makes the outflows from MAXI J1848-015 somewhat slower than those seen from many other known X-ray binaries. We also constrain the maximum distance to MAXI J1848-015 to be $4.3$ kpc. Lastly, we discuss the implications of our findings for the nature of the compact object in this system, finding that a black hole primary is a viable (but as-of-yet unconfirmed) explanation for the observed properties of MAXI J1848-015. If future data and/or analysis provide more conclusive evidence that MAXI J1848-015 indeed hosts a black hole, it would be the first black hole X-ray binary in outburst identified in a Galactic globular cluster., Comment: 14 pages, 5 figures, ApJL in press
Published: 2023
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23. The second data release from the European Pulsar Timing Array II. Customised pulsar noise models for spatially correlated gravitational waves

Author: Antoniadis, J., Arumugam, P., Arumugam, S., Babak, S., Bagchi, M., Nielsen, A. S. Bak, Bassa, C. G., Bathula, A., Berthereau, A., Bonetti, M., Bortolas, E., Brook, P. R., Burgay, M., Caballero, R. N., Chalumeau, A., Champion, D. J., Chanlaridis, S., Chen, S., Cognard, I., Dandapat, S., Deb, D., Desai, S., Desvignes, G., Dhanda-Batra, N., Dwivedi, C., Falxa, M., Ferdman, R. D., Franchini, A., Gair, J. R., Goncharov, B., Gopakumar, A., Graikou, E., Grießmeier, J. -M., Guillemot, L., Guo, Y. J., Gupta, Y., Hisano, S., Hu, H., Iraci, F., Izquierdo-Villalba, D., Jang, J., Jawor, J., Janssen, G. H., Jessner, A., Joshi, B. C., Kareem, F., Karuppusamy, R., Keane, E. F., Keith, M. J., Kharbanda, D., Kikunaga, T., Kolhe, N., Kramer, M., Krishnakumar, M. A., Lackeos, K., Lee, K. J., Liu, K., Liu, Y., Lyne, A. G., McKee, J. W., Maan, Y., Main, R. A., Mickaliger, M. B., Niţu, I. C., Nobleson, K., Paladi, A. K., Parthasarathy, A., Perera, B. B. P., Perrodin, D., Petiteau, A., Porayko, N. K., Possenti, A., Prabu, T., Leclere, H. Quelquejay, Rana, P., Samajdar, A., Sanidas, S. A., Sesana, A., Shaifullah, G., Singha, J., Speri, L., Spiewak, R., Srivastava, A., Stappers, B. W., Surnis, M., Susarla, S. C., Susobhanan, A., Takahashi, K., Tarafdar, P., Theureau, G., Tiburzi, C., van der Wateren, E., Vecchio, A., Krishnan, V. Venkatraman, Verbiest, Joris, Wang, J., Wang, L., Wu, Z., AstroParticule et Cosmologie (APC (UMR_7164)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Laboratoire de Physique et Chimie de l'Environnement et de l'Espace (LPC2E), Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers en région Centre (OSUC), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National d’Études Spatiales [Paris] (CNES), Unité Scientifique de la Station de Nançay (USN), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Recherches sur les lois Fondamentales de l'Univers (IRFU), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay, and Laboratoire Univers et Théories (LUTH (UMR_8102))
Subjects: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE), FOS: Physical sciences, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-INS-DET]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Instrumentation and Detectors [physics.ins-det], [PHYS.ASTR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
Abstract: The nanohertz gravitational wave background (GWB) is expected to be an aggregate signal of an ensemble of gravitational waves emitted predominantly by a large population of coalescing supermassive black hole binaries in the centres of merging galaxies. Pulsar timing arrays, ensembles of extremely stable pulsars, are the most precise experiments capable of detecting this background. However, the subtle imprints that the GWB induces on pulsar timing data are obscured by many sources of noise. These must be carefully characterized to increase the sensitivity to the GWB. In this paper, we present a novel technique to estimate the optimal number of frequency coefficients for modelling achromatic and chromatic noise and perform model selection. We also incorporate a new model to fit for scattering variations in the pulsar timing package temponest and created realistic simulations of the European Pulsar Timing Array (EPTA) datasets that allowed us to test the efficacy of our noise modelling algorithms. We present an in-depth analysis of the noise properties of 25 millisecond pulsars (MSPs) that form the second data release (DR2) of the EPTA and investigate the effect of incorporating low-frequency data from the Indian PTA collaboration. We use enterprise and temponest packages to compare noise models with those reported with the EPTA DR1. We find that, while in some pulsars we can successfully disentangle chromatic from achromatic noise owing to the wider frequency coverage in DR2, in others the noise models evolve in a more complicated way. We also find evidence of long-term scattering variations in PSR J1600$-$3053. Through our simulations, we identify intrinsic biases in our current noise analysis techniques and discuss their effect on GWB searches. The results presented here directly help improve sensitivity to the GWB and are already being used as part of global PTA efforts., Comment: 20 pages, 6 figures, 9 tables
Published: 2023
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24. The second data release from the European Pulsar Timing Array: V. Implications for massive black holes, dark matter and the early Universe

Author: Antoniadis, J., Arumugam, P., Arumugam, S., Auclair, P., Babak, S., Bagchi, M., Nielsen, A. -S. Bak, Barausse, E., Bassa, C. G., Bathula, A., Berthereau, A., Bonetti, M., Bortolas, E., Brook, P. R., Burgay, M., Caballero, R. N., Caprini, C., Chalumeau, A., Champion, D. J., Chanlaridis, S., Chen, S., Cognard, I., Crisostomi, M., Dandapat, S., Deb, D., Desai, S., Desvignes, G., Dhanda-Batra, N., Dwivedi, C., Falxa, M., Fastidio, F., Ferdman, R. D., Franchini, A., Gair, J. R., Goncharov, B., Gopakumar, A., Graikou, E., Grießmeier, J. -M., Gualandris, A., Guillemot, L., Guo, Y. J., Gupta, Y., Hisano, S., Hu, H., Iraci, F., Izquierdo-Villalba, D., Jang, J., Jawor, J., Janssen, G. H., Jessner, A., Joshi, B. C., Kareem, F., Karuppusamy, R., Keane, E. F., Keith, M. J., Kharbanda, D., Khizriev, T., Kikunaga, T., Kolhe, N., Kramer, M., Krishnakumar, M. A., Lackeos, K., Lee, K. J., Liu, K., Liu, Y., Lyne, A. G., McKee, J. W., Maan, Y., Main, R. A., Mickaliger, M. B., Middleton, H., Neronov, A., Nitu, I. C., Nobleson, K., Paladi, A. K., Parthasarathy, A., Perera, B. B. P., Perrodin, D., Petiteau, A., Porayko, N. K., Possenti, A., Prabu, T., Postnov, K., Leclere, H. Quelquejay, Rana, P., Pol, A. Roper, Samajdar, A., Sanidas, S. A., Semikoz, D., Sesana, A., Shaifullah, G., Singha, J., Smarra, C., Speri, L., Spiewak, R., Srivastava, A., Stappers, B. W., Steer, D. A., Surnis, M., Susarla, S. C., Susobhanan, A., Takahashi, K., Tarafdar, P., Theureau, G., Tiburzi, C., Truant, R. J., van der Wateren, E., Valtolina, S., Vecchio, A., Krishnan, V. Venkatraman, Verbiest, Joris, Wang, J., Wang, L., Wu, Z., AstroParticule et Cosmologie (APC (UMR_7164)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Laboratoire de Physique et Chimie de l'Environnement et de l'Espace (LPC2E), Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers en région Centre (OSUC), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National d’Études Spatiales [Paris] (CNES), Unité Scientifique de la Station de Nançay (USN), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Recherches sur les lois Fondamentales de l'Univers (IRFU), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay, and Laboratoire Univers et Théories (LUTH (UMR_8102))
Subjects: Astrophysics and Astronomy, Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO), General Relativity and Cosmology, gr-qc, astro-ph.GA, FOS: Physical sciences, General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc), Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies, General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology, Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA), astro-ph.CO, [PHYS.GRQC]Physics [physics]/General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology [gr-qc], [PHYS.ASTR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics
Abstract: The European Pulsar Timing Array (EPTA) and Indian Pulsar Timing Array (InPTA) collaborations have measured a low-frequency common signal in the combination of their second and first data releases respectively, with the correlation properties of a gravitational wave background (GWB). Such signal may have its origin in a number of physical processes including a cosmic population of inspiralling supermassive black hole binaries (SMBHBs); inflation, phase transitions, cosmic strings and tensor mode generation by non-linear evolution of scalar perturbations in the early Universe; oscillations of the Galactic potential in the presence of ultra-light dark matter (ULDM). At the current stage of emerging evidence, it is impossible to discriminate among the different origins. Therefore, in this paper, we consider each process separately, and investigate the implications of the signal under the hypothesis that it is generated by that specific process. We find that the signal is consistent with a cosmic population of inspiralling SMBHBs, and its relatively high amplitude can be used to place constraints on binary merger timescales and the SMBH-host galaxy scaling relations. If this origin is confirmed, this is the first direct evidence that SMBHBs merge in nature, adding an important observational piece to the puzzle of structure formation and galaxy evolution. As for early Universe processes, the measurement would place tight constraints on the cosmic string tension and on the level of turbulence developed by first-order phase transitions. Other processes would require non-standard scenarios, such as a blue-tilted inflationary spectrum or an excess in the primordial spectrum of scalar perturbations at large wavenumbers. Finally, a ULDM origin of the detected signal is disfavoured, which leads to direct constraints on the abundance of ULDM in our Galaxy., Comment: 31 pages, 23 figures, to be submitted to Astronomy & Astrophysics
Published: 2023
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25. The second data release from the European Pulsar Timing Array I. The dataset and timing analysis

Author: Antoniadis, J, Babak, S, Bak Nielsen, A.-S, Bassa, C.G, Berthereau, A, Bonetti, M, Bortolas, E, Brook, P.R, Burgay, M, Caballero, R.N, Chalumeau, A, Champion, D.J, Chanlaridis, S, Chen, S, Cognard, I, Desvignes, G, Falxa, M, Ferdman, R.D, Franchini, A, Gair, J.R, Goncharov, B, Graikou, E, Grießmeier, J.-M, Guillemot, L, Guo, Y.J, Hu, H, Iraci, F, Izquierdo-Villalba, D, Jang, J, Jawor, J, Janssen, G.H, Jessner, A, Karuppusamy, R, Keane, E.F, Keith, M.J, Kramer, M, Krishnakumar, M.A, Lackeos, K, Lee, K.J, Liu, K, Liu, Y, Lyne, A.G, Mckee, J.W, Main, R.A, Mickaliger, M.B, Nitu, I.C, Parthasarathy, A, Perera, B.B.P, Perrodin, D, Petiteau, A, Porayko, N.K, Possenti, A, Quelquejay Leclere, H, Samajdar, A, Sanidas, S.A, Sesana, A, Shaifullah, G, Speri, L, Spiewak, R, Stappers, B.W, Susarla, S.C, Theureau, G, Tiburzi, C, van der Wateren, E, Vecchio, A, Venkatraman Krishnan, V, Verbiest, J.P.W, Wang, J, Wang, L, Wu, Z, AstroParticule et Cosmologie (APC (UMR_7164)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Laboratoire de Physique et Chimie de l'Environnement et de l'Espace (LPC2E), Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers en région Centre (OSUC), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National d’Études Spatiales [Paris] (CNES), Unité Scientifique de la Station de Nançay (USN), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Recherches sur les lois Fondamentales de l'Univers (IRFU), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay, Laboratoire Univers et Théories (LUTH (UMR_8102)), and European Pulsar Timing Array
Subjects: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE), Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA), [PHYS.GRQC]Physics [physics]/General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology [gr-qc], FOS: Physical sciences, General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc), [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-INS-DET]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Instrumentation and Detectors [physics.ins-det], Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, [PHYS.ASTR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies, Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM), General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology
Abstract: Pulsar timing arrays offer a probe of the low-frequency gravitational wave spectrum (1 - 100 nanohertz), which is intimately connected to a number of markers that can uniquely trace the formation and evolution of the Universe. We present the dataset and the results of the timing analysis from the second data release of the European Pulsar Timing Array (EPTA). The dataset contains high-precision pulsar timing data from 25 millisecond pulsars collected with the five largest radio telescopes in Europe, as well as the Large European Array for Pulsars. The dataset forms the foundation for the search for gravitational waves by the EPTA, presented in associated papers. We describe the dataset and present the results of the frequentist and Bayesian pulsar timing analysis for individual millisecond pulsars that have been observed over the last ~25 years. We discuss the improvements to the individual pulsar parameter estimates, as well as new measurements of the physical properties of these pulsars and their companions. This data release extends the dataset from EPTA Data Release 1 up to the beginning of 2021, with individual pulsar datasets with timespans ranging from 14 to 25 years. These lead to improved constraints on annual parallaxes, secular variation of the orbital period, and Shapiro delay for a number of sources. Based on these results, we derived astrophysical parameters that include distances, transverse velocities, binary pulsar masses, and annual orbital parallaxes., Comment: 29 pages, 9 figures, 13 tables, Astronomy & Astrophysics in press
Published: 2023

26. Synthesis of Heterospirocycles through Gold‐(I) Catalysis: Useful Building Blocks for Medicinal Chemistry

Author: Kossi Efouako Soklou, Hamid Marzag, Karen Plé, Sylvain Routier, Béatrice Vallée, Institut de Chimie Organique et Analytique (ICOA), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre de biophysique moléculaire (CBM), Université d'Orléans (UO)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), PLE, Karen, Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), and Université d'Orléans (UO)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)
Subjects: [CHIM.ORGA]Chemical Sciences/Organic chemistry, 010405 organic chemistry, Chemistry, Nitrogen heterocycles, [CHIM.THER] Chemical Sciences/Medicinal Chemistry, Molecular Diversity, Gold catalysis, [CHIM.THER]Chemical Sciences/Medicinal Chemistry, General Chemistry, [CHIM.ORGA] Chemical Sciences/Organic chemistry, 010402 general chemistry, 01 natural sciences, 0104 chemical sciences, Catalysis, Synthetic methods, Organic chemistry, Spiro Compounds
Abstract: International audience; Gold-(I) catalysis was used for the intramolecular cyclization of tertiary alcohols with terminal alkynes to form diverse aza-spirocycles. The reaction was carried out with low catalyst loading under microwave irradiation to give both sulfonylated and acylated spirocyclic nitrogen derivatives. Gram scale spirocyclization was carried out and demonstrates the robustness of the reaction. An intramolecular Mizoroki-Heck reaction was performed to give several tetracyclic spirocycles. Double bond reduction and selective protecting group manipulation gave spiropiperazine and spiromorpholine derivatives. These compounds were incorporated into biologically relevant scaffolds to give the first selective spirocyclic inhibitors of LIMK.
Published: 2021

27. Effectiveness of the Bendixson–Dulac theorem

Author: Hector Giacomini, Armengol Gasull, Departament de Matemàtiques [Barcelona] (UAB), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Institut Denis Poisson (IDP), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Tours-Université d'Orléans (UO), This work has received funding from the Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (PID2019-104658GB-I00 grant) and the Agència de Gestió d’Ajuts Universitaris i de Recerca (2017 SGR 1617grant)., and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Tours (UT)-Université d'Orléans (UO)
Subjects: Pure mathematics, Applied Mathematics, [MATH.MATH-DS]Mathematics [math]/Dynamical Systems [math.DS], Limit cycle, Function (mathematics), Type (model theory), MSC 2010 : Primary: 34C07. Secondary: 37C27, Curvature, Periodic orbit, Mathematics - Classical Analysis and ODEs, Bendixson–Dulac theorem, Classical Analysis and ODEs (math.CA), FOS: Mathematics, Liénard equation, Vector field, Limit (mathematics), [MATH]Mathematics [math], Bendixson-Dulac theorem, Analysis, Sign (mathematics), Mathematics
Abstract: 22 pages, 30 réf.; We illustrate with several new applications the power and elegance of the Bendixson–Dulac theorem to obtain upper bounds of the number of limit cycles for several families of planar vector fields. In some cases we propose to use a function related with the curvature of the orbits of the vector field as a Dulac function. We get some general results for Li´enard type equations and for rigid planar systems. We also present a remarkable phenomenon: for each integer m ≥ 2, we provide a simple 1-parametric differential system for which we prove that it has limit cycles only for the values of the parameter in a subset of an interval of length smaller that 3√2(3/m)m/2 that decreases exponentially when m grows. One of the strengths of the results presented in this work is that although they are obtained with simple calculations, that can be easily checked by hand, they improve and extend previous studies. Another one is that, for certain systems, it is possible to reduce the question of the number of limit cycles to the study of the shape of a planar curve and the sign of an associated function in one or two variables.
Published: 2021

28. Synthesis of Novel 3’,3’‐cyclic Dinucleotide Analogues Targeting STING Protein

Author: Jérémy Magand, Vincent Roy, Hervé Meudal, Stéphanie Rose, Valérie Quesniaux, Dominika Chalupska, Luigi A. Agrofoglio, Institut de Chimie Organique et Analytique (ICOA), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre de biophysique moléculaire (CBM), Université d'Orléans (UO)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Immunologie et Neurogénétique Expérimentales et Moléculaires (INEM), Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Czech Academy of Sciences [Prague] (CAS), Region Centre-Val de Loire (EURO-FéRI EX010381and EURO-FéRI EX010351), FEDER TARGET-Ex EX016008)as well as by GAVO projet (MERSI-CNRS), ICOA comes from CHemBio (FEDER-FSE 2014-2020-EX003677), Techsab (FEDER-FSE 2014-2020-EX011313), RTR Motivhealth (2019-00131403), ANR-11-LABX-0029,SYNORG,Synthèse Organique : des molécules au vivant(2011), and ANR-11-LABX-0018,IRON,Radiopharmaceutiques Innovants en Oncologie et Neurologie(2011)
Subjects: [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Organic Chemistry, [CHIM]Chemical Sciences
Abstract: International audience; The Stimulator of Interferon Genes (STING) plays an important role in innate immunity by inducing type I interferons in response to sensing viral or bacterial cytosolic DNA. Cyclic dinucleotides (CDNs) are known to activate STING. Here, we describe the synthesis and biological evaluation of two new 3’,3’-CDN, in which the internucleotide linkages were replaced, respectively, by a 1,2,3-triazole moiety (as more stable isosteres of phosphate linkers) and an unsaturated carbon chain (as flexibility can led to crucial binding affinity and specificity). Thus, CuAAC and macrocyclization by RCM are the two key steps
Published: 2022

29. Biotic and Abiotic Control Over Diurnal CH4 Fluxes in a Temperate Transitional Poor Fen Ecosystem

Author: Alexandre Lhosmot, Adrien Jacotot, Marc Steinmann, Philippe Binet, Marie-Laure Toussaint, Sébastien Gogo, Daniel Gilbert, Sarah Coffinet, Fatima Laggoun-Deffarge, Guillaume Bertrand, Laboratoire Chrono-environnement (UMR 6249) (LCE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC), Institut des Sciences de la Terre d'Orléans - UMR7327 (ISTO), Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM) (BRGM)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers en région Centre (OSUC), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Biogéosystèmes Continentaux - UMR7327, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM) (BRGM)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers en région Centre (OSUC), Ecosystèmes, biodiversité, évolution [Rennes] (ECOBIO), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Water Resources and Environmental Engineering Laboratory, Federal University of Paraíba, Joao Pessoa, 58051-900, Brazil
Subjects: Ecology, [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, Environmental Chemistry, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics
Abstract: International audience
Published: 2022

30. Annual nationwide analysis of costs and post-operative outcomes after radical prostatectomy according to the surgical approach (open, laparoscopic, and robotic)

Author: Guilhem Roubaud, Eric Barret, Gilles Créhange, Mathieu Gauthé, Laurent Brureau, Charles-Edouard Lequeu, Romain Mathieu, Alain Ruffion, Jean-Baptiste Beauval, Morgan Rouprêt, Gaëlle Fromont, Gaelle Fiard, Annabelle Grabia, Guillaume Ploussard, Charles Dariane, Paul Sargos, Raphaële Renard-Penna, Clinique La Croix du Sud, Institut Universitaire du Cancer de Toulouse - Oncopole (IUCT Oncopole - UMR 1037), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-CHU Toulouse [Toulouse]-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Institut Mutualiste de Montsouris (IMM), CHU Pointe-à-Pitre/Abymes [Guadeloupe], Institut de recherche en santé, environnement et travail (Irset), Structure Fédérative de Recherche en Biologie et Santé de Rennes ( Biosit : Biologie - Santé - Innovation Technologique )-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-École des Hautes Études en Santé Publique [EHESP] (EHESP)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université d'Angers (UA), École des Hautes Études en Santé Publique [EHESP] (EHESP), Institut Curie [Paris], Immunologie et Neurogénétique Expérimentales et Moléculaires (INEM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO), Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou [APHP] (HEGP), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris Ouest - Hôpitaux Universitaires Île de France Ouest (HUPO), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire [Grenoble] (CHU), Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Tours (CHRU Tours), Centre de Recherche Épidémiologie et Statistique Sorbonne Paris Cité (CRESS (U1153 / UMR_A_1125 / UMR_S_1153)), Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers [CNAM] (CNAM)-Université Sorbonne Paris Cité (USPC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Paris (UP)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Equipe 5 : METHODS - Méthodes de l’évaluation thérapeutique des maladies chroniques (CRESS - U1153), Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers [CNAM] (CNAM)-Université Sorbonne Paris Cité (USPC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Paris (UP)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers [CNAM] (CNAM)-Université Sorbonne Paris Cité (USPC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Paris (UP)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), CHU Pontchaillou [Rennes], CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Institut Bergonié [Bordeaux], UNICANCER, Hôpital Edouard Herriot [CHU - HCL], Hospices Civils de Lyon (HCL), Ciblage thérapeutique en Oncologie (EA3738), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon, Université d'Angers (UA)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-École des Hautes Études en Santé Publique [EHESP] (EHESP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Structure Fédérative de Recherche en Biologie et Santé de Rennes ( Biosit : Biologie - Santé - Innovation Technologique ), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse (CHU Toulouse)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Université d'Angers (UA)-Université de Rennes (UR)-École des Hautes Études en Santé Publique [EHESP] (EHESP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Structure Fédérative de Recherche en Biologie et Santé de Rennes ( Biosit : Biologie - Santé - Innovation Technologique ), Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers [CNAM] (CNAM), HESAM Université - Communauté d'universités et d'établissements Hautes écoles Sorbonne Arts et métiers université (HESAM)-HESAM Université - Communauté d'universités et d'établissements Hautes écoles Sorbonne Arts et métiers université (HESAM)-Université Sorbonne Paris Cité (USPC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), HESAM Université - Communauté d'universités et d'établissements Hautes écoles Sorbonne Arts et métiers université (HESAM)-HESAM Université - Communauté d'universités et d'établissements Hautes écoles Sorbonne Arts et métiers université (HESAM)-Université Sorbonne Paris Cité (USPC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers [CNAM] (CNAM), and Centre pour l'innovation en cancérologie de Lyon (CICLY)
Subjects: Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Cost, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Urology, medicine.medical_treatment, 030232 urology & nephrology, law.invention, 03 medical and health sciences, Indirect costs, 0302 clinical medicine, Robotic Surgical Procedures, law, Humans, Medicine, Post operative, Laparoscopy, Prostatectomy, Prostate cancer, Surgical approach, medicine.diagnostic_test, Volume, business.industry, Robotics, Radical prostatectomy, Intensive care unit, Treatment Outcome, Robotic systems, Cost driver, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, Emergency medicine, business, Complication, Readmission
Abstract: International audience; Objective Annual countrywide data are scarce when comparing surgical approaches in terms of hospital stay outcomes and costs for radical prostatectomy (RP). We aimed to assess the impact of surgical approach on post-operative outcomes and costs after RP by comparing open (ORP), laparoscopic (LRP), and robot-assisted (RARP) RP in the French healthcare system. Patients and methods Data from all patients undergoing RP in France in 2020 were extracted from the central database of the national healthcare system. Primary endpoints were length of hospital stay (LOS including intensive care unit (ICU) stay if present), complications (estimated by severity index), hospital readmission rates (at 30 and 90 days), and direct costs of initial stay. Results and limitations A total of 19,018 RPs were performed consisting in ORP in 21.1%, LRP in 27.6%, and RARP in 51.3% of cases. RARP was associated with higher center volume (p < 0.001), lower complication rates (p < 0.001), shorter LOS (p < 0.001), and lower readmission rates (p = 0.004). RARP was associated with reduced direct stay costs (2286 euros) compared with ORP (4298 euros) and LRP (3101 euros). The main cost driver was length of stay. The main limitations were the lack of mid-term data, readmission details, and cost variations due to surgery system. Conclusions This nationwide analysis demonstrates the benefits of RARP in terms of post-operative short-term outcomes. Higher costs related to the robotic system appear to be balanced by patient care improvements and reduced direct costs due to shorter LOS.
Published: 2021

31. Geotechnical Behavior and Physico-Chemical Changes of Lime-Treated and Cement-Treated Silty Soil

Author: Muzahim Al-Mukhtar, Mylène Martin, Naima Belayachi, Kévin Beck, Fawzi Bouras, Nouffou Tapsoba, Serge Sabio, Génie Civil (GC), Laboratoire de Mécanique Gabriel Lamé (LaMé), Université d'Orléans (UO)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Centre Val de Loire (INSA CVL), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Tours (UT)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Centre Val de Loire (INSA CVL), and Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Tours (UT)
Subjects: Ettringite, Materials science, Aluminate, 0211 other engineering and technologies, Soil Science, 02 engineering and technology, engineering.material, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, complex mixtures, 01 natural sciences, chemistry.chemical_compound, Architecture, Ultimate tensile strength, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 021101 geological & geomatics engineering, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Lime, Cement, [SPI.GCIV.GEOTECH]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Civil Engineering/Géotechnique, Metallurgy, Geology, California bearing ratio, Geotechnical Engineering and Engineering Geology, 6. Clean water, Compressive strength, chemistry, engineering, Pozzolanic reaction
Abstract: An investigation performed on the interactions of silty soil treated with cement or lime demonstrates the strong relationship between microstructural phenomena and their engineering behavior. Cement hydration induces a rapid improvement in soil properties while the progressive pozzolanic reaction of lime leads to long-term improvement. Moreover, the cement-treated soil presents better mechanical properties (California bearing ratio and unconfined compressive strength). X-ray diffraction tests and thermo-gravimetric analyses show calcium aluminate hydrates in lime-treated soil and ettringite in cement-treated soil. Mineralogical changes and new hydrates formed in the treated soil demonstrate their positive effect on the engineering behavior of the soil. Swelling and indirect tensile strength indicate the soil suitability for treatment with specific amounts of binders. Cement-treated soil resists the immersion test, as ettringite and new calcium aluminate hydrate are detected by XRD after immersion, whereas dissolution of the unreacted lime and part of the calcium hydrates during the immersion test imply a low resistance to immersion of lime-treated soil.
Published: 2021

32. Zinc isotopic fractionation between aqueous fluids and silicate magmas: An experimental study

Author: Fei Wu, Fang Huang, Haihao Guo, Ying Xia, Institut des Sciences de la Terre d'Orléans - UMR7327 (ISTO), Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM) (BRGM)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers en région Centre (OSUC), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Magma - UMR7327, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM) (BRGM)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers en région Centre (OSUC), Bayerisches Geoinstitut (BGI), Universität Bayreuth, CAS Key Laboratory of Crust–Mantle Materials and Environments [Hefei], School of Earth and Space Sciences [Hefei], University of Science and Technology of China [Hefei] (USTC)-University of Science and Technology of China [Hefei] (USTC)-Chinese Academy of Sciences [Beijing] (CAS), State Key Laboratory of Geological Processes and Mineral Resources [Wuhan] (GPMR), and China University of Geosciences [Wuhan] (CUG)
Subjects: Incompatible element, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Inorganic chemistry, [SDU.STU]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences, chemistry.chemical_element, Fractionation, Zinc, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, 01 natural sciences, Silicate, Equilibrium fractionation, chemistry.chemical_compound, Igneous rock, Isotope fractionation, chemistry, [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics], 13. Climate action, Geochemistry and Petrology, [SDU.STU.VO]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Volcanology, Igneous differentiation, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract: International audience; Fluids in magmas play a key role in magma differentiation and transportation of economic metals for ore deposits. As a chalcophile and incompatible element, zinc and its isotopes have been increasingly applied to study the magmatic-hydrothermal processes. However, zinc isotopic fractionation between aqueous fluids and magmas has not been well constrained. Here we experimentally determined equilibrium fractionation factors of Zn isotopes between aqueous fluids and silicate magmas (Δ66Znfluid-magma= δ66Znfluid - δ66Znmagma). The results reveal that aqueous fluids are isotopically heavier than the coexisting silicate magmas. No correlation between Δ66Znfluid-magma and temperature or chlorine contents in fluids is observed under our experimental conditions. Instead, Δ66Znfluid-magma is negatively corresponded with NBO/T of the melt (the ratio of non-bridge oxygen and tetrahedron ions), and positively correlated with the molar ratio of Al/(0.5K+Ca+Fe) in the bulk magmas, suggesting the controlling of silicate composition on Zn isotope fractionation. Our data therefore indicate that the isotopically heavier Zn in the fluids exsolved from magmas may account for the higher δ66Zn of pegmatites and high-silica granitic rocks. Moreover, involvement of magmatic fluids can explain the highly variable and remarkably heavier Zn isotopic signatures of fumaroles, thermal spring waters, and seafloor hydrothermal fluids compared to the igneous rocks. This study provides information that can be used to guide research using Zn isotopes to trace fluid activity and magmatism.
Published: 2021

33. LentiRILES, a miRNA-ON sensor system for monitoring the functionality of miRNA in cancer biology and therapy

Author: David Gosset, Loris Roncali, Yoan Laurent, Chantal Pichon, Flora Reverchon, Emmanuel Garcion, Patrick Baril, Audrey Rousseau, Francisco Martin, Patrick Midoux, Claire Loussouarn, Viorel Simion, Centre de biophysique moléculaire (CBM), Université d'Orléans (UO)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC), Design and Application of Innovative Local Treatments in Glioblastoma (CRCINA-ÉQUIPE 17), Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie et Immunologie Nantes-Angers (CRCINA), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Nantes - UFR de Médecine et des Techniques Médicales (UFR MEDECINE), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Centre hospitalier universitaire de Nantes (CHU Nantes)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université d'Angers (UA)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Nantes - UFR de Médecine et des Techniques Médicales (UFR MEDECINE), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Centre hospitalier universitaire de Nantes (CHU Nantes)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université d'Angers (UA), Centre for Genomics and Oncological Research Pfizer [Granada, Spain] (GENYO), University of Granada [Granada]-Andalusian Regional Government [Granada, Spain], Inca : PL-BIO 2014–2020 (consortium Marengo)Ligue Contre le Cancer [Région du Loiret : 2017-2019]ARD 2020 Biopharmaceuticals [RNA cell factory 2017-2020], ANR-11-LABX-0018,IRON,Radiopharmaceutiques Innovants en Oncologie et Neurologie(2011), ANR-19-ENM3-0003,GLIOSILK,Silk-fibroin interventional nano-trap for the treatment of glioblastoma.(2019), Université d'Orléans (UO)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université d'Angers (UA)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre hospitalier universitaire de Nantes (CHU Nantes)-Université d'Angers (UA)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre hospitalier universitaire de Nantes (CHU Nantes), Universidad de Granada = University of Granada (UGR)-Andalusian Regional Government [Granada, Spain], Bernardo, Elizabeth, Radiopharmaceutiques Innovants en Oncologie et Neurologie - - IRON2011 - ANR-11-LABX-0018 - LABX - VALID, and Silk-fibroin interventional nano-trap for the treatment of glioblastoma. - - GLIOSILK2019 - ANR-19-ENM3-0003 - Euronanomed III - VALID
Subjects: Male, Cell, Apoptosis, [SDV.CAN]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Cancer, Biosensing Techniques, Mice, SCID, Computational biology, Biology, Cell therapy, Mice, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, [SDV.CAN] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Cancer, Cell Movement, Genes, Reporter, microRNA, Biomarkers, Tumor, Tumor Cells, Cultured, medicine, Animals, Humans, Luciferase, Molecular Biology, Gene, Cell Proliferation, miRNA, 030304 developmental biology, 0303 health sciences, Technical Paper, Cell Cycle, Lentivirus, glioblastoma, RNA therapeutics, Cell Biology, Middle Aged, molecular imaging, RILES, 3. Good health, Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic, MicroRNAs, medicine.anatomical_structure, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, Luminescent Measurements, Female, Molecular imaging, Function (biology), Intracellular
Abstract: International audience; A major unresolved challenge in miRNA biology is the capacity to monitor the spatiotemporal activity of miRNAs expressed in animal disease models. We recently reported that the miRNA-ON monitoring system called RILES (RNAi-inducible expression Luciferase system) implanted in lentivirus expression system (LentiRILES) offers opportunity to decipher the kinetics of miRNA activity in vitro, in relation with their intracellular trafficking in glioblastoma cells. In this study we describe in detail the method for production of LentiRILES stable cell lines and employed it in several applications in the field of miRNA biology and therapy. We show that LentiRILES is a robust, highly specific and sensitive miRNA sensor system that can be used in vitro as a single-cell miRNA monitoring method, cell-based screening platform for miRNA therapeutics and as a tool to analyze the structurefunction relationship of the miRNA duplex. Furthermore, we report the kinetic of miRNA activity upon the intracranial delivery of miRNA mimics in an orthotopic animal model of glioblastoma. This information is exploited to evaluate the tumor suppressive function of miRNA-200c as locoregional therapeutic modality to treat glioblastoma. Our data provide evidence that LentiRILES is a robust system, well-suited to resolve the activity of endogenous and exogenously expressed miRNAs for basic research to gene and cell therapy.
Published: 2021

34. Doxorubicin‐Sensitized Luminescence of NIR‐Emitting Ytterbium Liposomes: Towards Direct Monitoring of Drug Release

Author: Sara Lacerda, Éva Tóth, Frédéric Szeremeta, Sandra Même, Anthony Delalande, Célia S. Bonnet, Stéphane Petoud, Agnès Pallier, Chantal Pichon, Svetlana V. Eliseeva, Centre de biophysique moléculaire (CBM), Université d'Orléans (UO)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC), Université d'Orléans (UO)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Frapart, Isabelle
Subjects: Ytterbium, Luminescence, Materials science, Infrared Rays, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], chemistry.chemical_element, Breast Neoplasms, 02 engineering and technology, 010402 general chemistry, Photochemistry, 01 natural sciences, Catalysis, Polyethylene Glycols, Mice, Cell Line, Tumor, medicine, Animals, Chelation, Doxorubicin, Liposome, Antibiotics, Antineoplastic, Molecular Structure, General Medicine, General Chemistry, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, 3. Good health, 0104 chemical sciences, [SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio], Drug Liberation, chemistry, Liposomes, Drug delivery, Nanomedicine, Female, 0210 nano-technology, Preclinical imaging, medicine.drug
Abstract: International audience; Drug-loaded liposomes are typical examples of nanomedicine. We show here that doxorubicin, the anti-cancer agent in the liposomal drug Doxil ® , can sensitize Ytterbium (Yb 3+ ) and generate its near infrared (NIR) emission. When doxorubicin and amphiphilic Yb 3+ chelates are incorporated into liposomes, the sensitized emission of Yb 3+ is dependent on the integrity of the particles which can be used to monitor drug release. We also established the first demonstration that the NIR Yb 3+ emission signal is observable in living mice following intratumoral injection of the Yb 3+ -doxorubicin-liposomes, using a commercial macroscopic setup equipped with a near-infrared camera.
Published: 2021

35. Deformation-enhanced diagenesis and bacterial proliferation in the Nankai accretionary prism

Author: Hugues Raimbourg, Anne-Marie Boullier, Vincent Famin, Muriel Andreani, Université de La Réunion (UR), Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris (IPGP (UMR_7154)), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de La Réunion (UR)-Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris (IPG Paris)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Institut des Sciences de la Terre d'Orléans - UMR7327 (ISTO), Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM) (BRGM)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers en région Centre (OSUC), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Géodynamique - UMR7327, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM) (BRGM)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers en région Centre (OSUC), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS), Laboratoire de Géologie de Lyon - Terre, Planètes, Environnement (LGL-TPE), École normale supérieure de Lyon (ENS de Lyon)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut des Sciences de la Terre (ISTerre), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR219-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Gustave Eiffel-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Laboratoire GéoSciences Réunion (LGSR), Université de La Réunion (UR)-Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris, Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris (IPGP), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-IPG PARIS-Université de La Réunion (UR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM) (BRGM)-Institut des Sciences de la Terre d'Orléans - UMR7327 (ISTO), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Géologie de Lyon - Terre, Planètes, Environnement [Lyon] (LGL-TPE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon), and Université de La Réunion (UR)-Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris (IPG Paris)
Subjects: Accretionary wedge, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Stratigraphy, [SDU.STU.PE]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Petrography, Geochemistry, [SDU.STU]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences, Soil Science, Deformation (meteorology), engineering.material, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, 01 natural sciences, Pore water pressure, Geochemistry and Petrology, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Earth-Surface Processes, [SDU.STU.TE]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Tectonics, QE1-996.5, Paleontology, Geology, QE640-699, Diagenesis, Geophysics, Illite, engineering, Deformation bands, Pyrite, Shear zone
Abstract: Understanding diagenetic reactions in accreted sediments is critical for establishing the balance of fluid sources and sinks in accretionary prisms, which is in turn important for assessing the fluid pressure field and the ability for faults to host seismic slip. For this reason, we studied diagenetic reactions in deformation bands (shear zones and veins) within deep mud sediments from the Nankai accretionary prism (SW Japan) drilled at site C0001 during IODP Expedition 315, by means of microscopic observation, X-ray diffraction, and major- and trace-element analyses. Deformation bands are not only more compacted than the host sediment but are also enriched in framboidal pyrite, as observed under microscopy and confirmed by chalcophile-element enrichments (Fe, S, Cu, As, Sb, Pb). In tandem, one shear zone sample displays a destabilization of smectite or illite–smectite mixed layers and a slight crystallization of illite relative to its sediment matrix, and another sample shows correlated increases in B and Li in shear zones and veins compared to the host sediment, both effects suggesting a transformation of smectite into illite in deformation bands. The two diagenetic reactions of sulfide precipitation and smectite-to-illite transformation are explained by a combined action of sulfate-reducing and methanogen bacteria, which strongly suggests an increased activity of anaerobic microbial communities localized in deformation bands. This local bacterial proliferation was possibly enhanced by the liberation of hydrogen from strained phyllosilicates. We suggest that the proliferation of anoxic bacteria, boosted by deformation, may contribute to the pore water freshening observed at depth in accretionary prisms. Deformation-enhanced metabolic reactions may also explain the illitization observed in major faults of accretionary prisms. Care is therefore needed before interpreting illitization, and other diagenetic reactions as well, as evidence of shear heating, as these might be biogenic instead of thermogenic.
Published: 2021

36. Ordre interactionnel

Author: Verdier, Maud, Praxiling (Praxiling), Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Ligérien de Linguistique (LLL), Bibliothèque nationale de France (BnF)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Université de Tours (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Bibliothèque nationale de France (BnF)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Université de Tours-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: 060201 languages & linguistics, Linguistics and Language, 0602 languages and literature, 05 social sciences, 050109 social psychology, 0501 psychology and cognitive sciences, 06 humanities and the arts, [SHS.LANGUE]Humanities and Social Sciences/Linguistics, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Language and Linguistics
Abstract: International audience
Published: 2021

37. Backtesting Marginal Expected Shortfall and Related Systemic Risk Measures

Author: Christophe Hurlin, Olivier Scaillet, Jeremy Leymarie, Denisa Banulescu Radu, Laboratoire d'Économie d'Orleans [UMR7322] (LEO), Université d'Orléans (UO)-Université de Tours (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), ANR-16-CE26-0015,MultiRisk,Méthodes Econométriques pour la Modélisation des Risques Multiples(2016), Laboratoire d'Économie d'Orleans (LEO), Université d'Orléans (UO)-Université de Tours (UT), and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Tours-Université d'Orléans (UO)
Subjects: Estimation, Measure (data warehouse), 050208 finance, Actuarial science, business.industry, Strategy and Management, 05 social sciences, Sample (statistics), Management Science and Operations Research, Discount points, [SHS.ECO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Economics and Finance, Expected shortfall, Market risk, 0502 economics and business, Independence test, Econometrics, Systemic risk, Economics, Early warning system, 050207 economics, business, Risk management, Statistical hypothesis testing
Abstract: This paper proposes an original approach for backtesting systemic risk measures. This backtesting approach makes it possible to assess the systemic risk measure forecasts used to identify the financial institutions that contribute the most to the overall risk in the financial system. Our procedure is based on simple tests similar to those generally used to backtest the standard market risk measures such as value-at-risk or expected shortfall. We introduce a concept of violation associated with the marginal expected shortfall (MES), and we define unconditional coverage and independence tests for these violations. We can generalize these tests to any MES-based systemic risk measures such as the systemic expected shortfall (SES), the systemic risk measure (SRISK), or the delta conditional value-at-risk ([Formula: see text]CoVaR). We study their asymptotic properties in the presence of estimation risk and investigate their finite sample performance via Monte Carlo simulations. An empirical application to a panel of U.S. financial institutions is conducted to assess the validity of MES, SRISK, and [Formula: see text]CoVaR forecasts issued from a bivariate GARCH model with a dynamic conditional correlation structure. Our results show that this model provides valid forecasts for MES and SRISK when considering a medium-term horizon. Finally, we propose an early warning system indicator for future systemic crises deduced from these backtests. Our indicator quantifies how much is the measurement error issued by a systemic risk forecast at a given point in time which can serve for the early detection of global market reversals. This paper was accepted by Kay Giesecke, finance.
Published: 2021

38. Uncertainty propagation in pore water chemical composition calculation using surrogate models

Author: Pierre Sochala, Christophe Chiaberge, Francis Claret, Christophe Tournassat, Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM) (BRGM), Laboratoire de Détection et de Géophysique (CEA) (LDG), DAM Île-de-France (DAM/DIF), Direction des Applications Militaires (DAM), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Direction des Applications Militaires (DAM), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Institut des Sciences de la Terre d'Orléans - UMR7327 (ISTO), Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM) (BRGM)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers en région Centre (OSUC), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Biogéosystèmes Continentaux - UMR7327, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM) (BRGM)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers en région Centre (OSUC), Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory [Berkeley] (LBNL), and ANR-10-LABX-0100,VOLTAIRE,Geofluids and Volatil elements – Earth, Atmosphere, Interfaces – Resources and Environment(2010)
Subjects: Multidisciplinary, Theoretical, Models, Cations, Radioactive Waste, Uncertainty, [SDU.STU]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences, Water, Clay, Geology, Models, Theoretical
Abstract: Performance assessment in deep geological nuclear waste repository systems necessitates an extended knowledge of the pore water chemical conditions prevailing in host-rock formations. In the last two decades, important progress has been made in the experimental characterization and thermodynamic modeling of pore water speciation, but the influence of experimental artifacts and uncertainties of thermodynamic input parameters are seldom evaluated. In this respect, we conducted an uncertainty propagation study in a reference geochemical model describing the pore water chemistry of the Callovian-Oxfordian clay formation. Nineteen model input parameters were perturbed, including those associated to experimental characterization (leached anions, exchanged cations, cation exchange selectivity coefficients) and those associated to generic thermodynamic databases (solubilities). A set of 13 quantities of interest were studied by the use of polynomial chaos expansions built non-intrusively with a least-squares forward stepwise regression approach. Training and validation sets of simulations were carried out using the geochemical speciation code PHREEQC. The statistical results explored the marginal distribution of each quantity of interest, their bivariate correlations as well as their global sensitivity indices. The influence of the assumed distributions for input parameters uncertainties was evaluated by considering two parametric domain sizes.
Published: 2022

39. Localised corrosion of iron and steel in the Callovo-Oxfordian porewater after 3 months at 120 °C: Characterizations at micro and nanoscale and formation mechanisms

Author: Hélène Lotz, Delphine Neff, Florence Mercier-Bion, Christian Bataillon, Philippe Dillmann, Emmanuel Gardés, Isabelle Monnet, James J. Dynes, Eddy Foy, IRAMAT - Laboratoire Archéomatériaux et Prévision de l'Altération (IRAMAT-LAPA), Institut de Recherche sur les Archéomatériaux (IRAMAT), Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbeliard (UTBM)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbeliard (UTBM)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Nanosciences et Innovation pour les Matériaux, la Biomédecine et l'Energie (ex SIS2M) (NIMBE UMR 3685), Institut Rayonnement Matière de Saclay (IRAMIS), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Archéomatériaux et Prévision de l'Altération (LAPA - UMR 3685), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Rayonnement Matière de Saclay (IRAMIS), Service de la Corrosion et du Comportement des Matériaux dans leur Environnement (SCCME), Département de Physico-Chimie (DPC), CEA-Direction des Energies (ex-Direction de l'Energie Nucléaire) (CEA-DES (ex-DEN)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-CEA-Direction des Energies (ex-Direction de l'Energie Nucléaire) (CEA-DES (ex-DEN)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay, Centre de recherche sur les Ions, les MAtériaux et la Photonique (CIMAP - UMR 6252), Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-École Nationale Supérieure d'Ingénieurs de Caen (ENSICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche sur les Matériaux Avancés (IRMA), Normandie Université (NU)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Rouen Normandie (UNIROUEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Institut national des sciences appliquées Rouen Normandie (INSA Rouen Normandie), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Normandie Université (NU)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Rouen Normandie (UNIROUEN), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Normandie Université (NU)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Matériaux, Défauts et IRradiations (MADIR), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Normandie Université (NU)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Canadian Light Source Inc., University of Saskatchewan [Saskatoon] (U of S), and ANR‐11‐EQPX‐0020
Subjects: STXM/XANES, Steel, MET/SAED, General Chemical Engineering, SEM, [CHIM]Chemical Sciences, General Materials Science, nuclear waste repository, General Chemistry, localized corrosion, Raman
Abstract: International audience; To investigate the fate of nuclear waste in geologic repositories, corrosion experiments were performed on a ferrito‐pearlitic (P285‐NH) and a ferritic steel (Armco) in a synthetic solution representing the Callovo-Oxfordian porewater for 3-months at 120°C. Corrosion product layers (CPL) were characterized from micro to nanoscale. Local corrosion areas of higher thicknesses were composed of siderite layers with different nano-morphologies, iron silicate, iron sulphate and magnetite. Their formation could be due to local pH variation, but also on metal microstructure (phases location and morphology). Differences in corrosion progress are suggested to be mainly related to differences in porewater chemistry and cathodic sites
Published: 2023

40. Protein farnesylation is involved in nitrogen starvation adaptation in Arabidopsis

Author: Léo Bellenger, Eric Ducos, Muriel Feinard-Duranceau, Cécile Vincent-Barbaroux, Arnaud Lanoue, Marianne Unlubayir, Cécile Abdallah, Nathalie Pourtau, Benoit Porcheron, Anne Marmagne, Alexandra Launay-Avon, Christine Paysant Le Roux, Louis-Valentin Méteignier, Olivier Pichon, Christelle Dutilleul, Biomolécules et biotechnologies végétales (BBV EA 2106), Université de Tours (UT), Équipe de Recherche Contextes et Acteurs de l'Éducation (ERCAE), Université d'Orléans (UO), Laboratoire de Biologie des Ligneux et des Grandes Cultures (LBLGC), Université d'Orléans (UO)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Ecologie et biologie des interactions (EBI), Université de Poitiers-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin (IJPB), AgroParisTech-Université Paris-Saclay-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Institut des Sciences des Plantes de Paris-Saclay (IPS2 (UMR_9213 / UMR_1403)), Université d'Évry-Val-d'Essonne (UEVE)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Plant Health Institute of Montpellier (UMR PHIM), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Agro Montpellier, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Université de Montpellier (UM), 'Enseignement supérieur, de la Recherche et de l’Innovation' French Ministry, Region Centre-Val de Loire (PHD), and ANR-17-EURE-0007,SPS-GSR,Ecole Universitaire de Recherche de Sciences des Plantes de Paris-Saclay(2017)
Subjects: Protein farnesylation, ERA1, [SDV.BV]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology, Primary metabolism, Nutritional stress, Plant Science, Nitrogen deprivation, Agronomy and Crop Science, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics
Abstract: International audience; Nitrogen is an important element that controls plant growth and yield. Recently we showed that protein farnesylation is involved in nitrate-driven root architecture organization in Arabidopsis. In this study, we aimed to deeper investigate the role of this post-translational maturation in plant responses to nitrogen, by studying the metabolic and phenotypic adaptations of the era1.8 mutant (enhanced response to abscisic acid 1; i.e. lacking protein farnesylation activity) to various NH4NO3 supplies. WT and era1.8 plants were grown on low-nitrogen substrate supplemented with 0, 2 or 10 mM NH4NO3, and were analyzed for biomass production and carbonand nitrogen-related metabolites. Our results showed that compared to WT, era1.8 developed exacerbated responses to N starvation, i.e. a higher root/shoot ratio, a higher anthocyanins content and a higher carbon/nitrogen ratio. Moreover, transcriptomic analyzes revealed an over-expression of several genes related to nitrogen starvation adaptation in era1.8 and pointed out two genes encoding uncharacterized farnesylated proteins. At 2 and 10 mM NH4NO3, although the era1.8 mutant displayed a higher biomass, its metabolism and gene expression are comparable to that of WT. Overall, our results show that era1.8 develops exacerbated responses to nitrogen starvation with specific metabolic balances, highlighting that protein farnesylation participates to plant adaptation to nitrogen nutritional stress.
Published: 2023

41. Small-time asymptotics of hypoelliptic heat kernels near the diagonal, nilpotentization and related results

Author: Yves Colin de Verdière, Emmanuel Trélat, Luc Hillairet, Institut Fourier (IF), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Institut Denis Poisson (IDP), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Tours (UT)-Université d'Orléans (UO), Laboratoire Jacques-Louis Lions (LJLL (UMR_7598)), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP), Control And GEometry (CaGE ), Inria de Paris, Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Laboratoire Jacques-Louis Lions (LJLL (UMR_7598)), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP), ANR-15-CE40-0018,SRGI,Géométrie sous-Riemannienne et Interactions(2015), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Tours-Université d'Orléans (UO), Université d'Orléans (UO)-Université de Tours (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), and Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)
Subjects: Nilpotentization, Pure mathematics, Mathematics::Complex Variables, 010102 general mathematics, Diagonal, Mathematics::Analysis of PDEs, Structure (category theory), Boundary (topology), Ocean Engineering, Sub-Riemannian Laplacian, Mathematics::Spectral Theory, 01 natural sciences, Mathematics - Analysis of PDEs, Small-time asymptotics, Hypoelliptic heat kernel, Hypoelliptic operator, 0103 physical sciences, FOS: Mathematics, [MATH.MATH-OC]Mathematics [math]/Optimization and Control [math.OC], 010307 mathematical physics, 0101 mathematics, Smoothing, Analysis of PDEs (math.AP), Mathematics
Abstract: International audience; We establish small-time asymptotic expansions for heat kernels of hypoelliptic Hörmander operators in a neighborhood of the diagonal, generalizing former results obtained in particular by Métivier and by Ben Arous. The coefficients of our expansions are identified in terms of the nilpotentization of the underlying sub-Riemannian structure. Our approach is purely analytic and relies in particular on local and global subelliptic estimates as well as on the local nature of small-time asymptotics of heat kernels. The fact that our expansions are valid not only along the diagonal but in an asymptotic neighborhood of the diagonal is the main novelty, useful in view of deriving Weyl laws for subelliptic Laplacians. In turn, we establish a number of other results on hypoelliptic heat kernels that are interesting in themselves, such as Kac's principle of not feeling the boundary, asymptotic results for singular perturbations of hypoelliptic operators, global smoothing properties for selfadjoint heat semigroups.
Published: 2021

42. Diversity of supergene gold expressions and implications for gold targetting in an equatorial regolith (AMG's Couriège Exploration Prospect, French Guiana)

Author: Anne-Sylvie André-Mayer, Arnauld Heuret, Yoram Teitler, Vincent Combes, Michel Cathelineau, Pierre Gibert, Aurélien Eglinger, Anthony Pochon, GeoRessources, Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre de recherches sur la géologie des matières premières minérales et énergétiques (CREGU)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Guyane à Cayenne, France, Institut des Sciences de la Terre d'Orléans - UMR7327 (ISTO), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers en région Centre (OSUC), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM) (BRGM), Magma - UMR7327, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM) (BRGM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers en région Centre (OSUC), and Auplata Mining Group (AMG)
Subjects: Supergene (geology), supergene, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Geochemistry, [SDU.STU]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences, Ocean Engineering, Weathering, Context (language use), engineering.material, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, 01 natural sciences, Pediment, [SDU.STU.AG]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Applied geology, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Water Science and Technology, Geology, gold, Saprolite, Regolith, French Guiana, saprolite, Pedogenesis, [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics], weathering, engineering, Pyrite, transported cover
Abstract: The Couriège prospect (French Guiana) provides key examples of the diversity of gold distribution related to supergene processes. The nature of gold in two contrasted weathering profiles is examined as a function of the weathering lithofacies. The autochthonous profile hosts weathered Au-bearing quartz veins whereas the pediment profile is enriched in free gold issued from dismantled gold-bearing quartz veins. The gold distribution is controlled by: (1) the preservation of primary gold as free gold in both transported and autochthonous horizons and as electrum inclusions in detrital pyrite; and (2) the formation of secondary gold through dissolution/precipitation processes, expressed as gold spherulites on the free gold grain surface, an Ag-depleted rim around transported free gold grains and Ag-depleted gold micro-inclusions hosted by oxidized autochthonous pyrite. Gold enrichment through supergene chemical processes remains limited within the truncated autochthonous profile. A new conceptual model is proposed for the area, defining the role of chemical and physical processes in gold endowment and accounting for the geomorphological context. The overall evolution includes (1) deep weathering and peneplenation, (2) dismantlement and transport of lateritic material and (3) the development of a latosol cover. This study highlights that gold exploration in tropical environments must consider the residual v. transported nature and the inheritance of targeted pedogenic horizons.
Published: 2021

43. Emergence of A-Site Cation Order in the Small Rare-Earth Melilites SrREGa3O7 (RE = Dy–Lu, Y)

Author: Cécile Genevois, Michael J. Pitcher, Yannick Ledemi, Sandra Ory, Younes Messaddeq, Marina Boyer, Mathieu Allix, Haytem Bazzaoui, Conditions Extrêmes et Matériaux : Haute Température et Irradiation (CEMHTI), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université d'Orléans (UO), Université d'Orléans (UO), and Université Laval [Québec] (ULaval)
Subjects: 02 engineering and technology, [CHIM.INOR]Chemical Sciences/Inorganic chemistry, engineering.material, 010402 general chemistry, 01 natural sciences, law.invention, metastability, Inorganic Chemistry, Tetragonal crystal system, law, luminescence, Ceramic, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Crystallization, STEM-HAADF, Chemistry, Melilite, [CHIM.MATE]Chemical Sciences/Material chemistry, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Gallate melilite, 0104 chemical sciences, Crystallography, visual_art, visual_art.visual_art_medium, engineering, Orthorhombic crystal system, Crystallite, 0210 nano-technology, Luminescence, Superstructure (condensed matter), cation ordering
Abstract: International audience; SrREGa3O7 melilite ceramics with large rare-earth elements (RE = La to Y) are famous materials especially known for their luminescence properties. Using an innovative approach, the full and congruent crystallization from glass process, SrREGa3O7 transparent polycrystalline ceramics with small rare earth elements (RE = Dy-Lu and Y) have been successfully synthesized and characterized. Interestingly, compared to the classic tetragonal (P-421m) melilite structure composed of mixed Sr/RE cationic sites, these compositions can crystallize in a 3 x 1 x 1 orthorhombic (P21212) superstructure. A detailed study of the superstructure, investigated by different techniques (synchrotron and neutron powder diffraction, STEM-HAADF imaging and EDS mapping), highlights the existence of a Sr/RE cation ordering favored by a large Sr/RE size mismatch and a sufficiently small RE cation. An appropriate control of the synthesis conditions through glass crystallization enables the formation of the desired polymorphs, either ordered or disordered. The influence of this tailored cationic ordering/disordering on the RE luminescent spectroscopic properties have been investigated. A stronger structuration of the RE emission band is observed in the ordered ceramic compared to the disordered ceramic and the glass, whose band shapes are very similar, indicating that the RE environment in the glass and disordered ceramic are close.
Published: 2021

44. Wave equation on certain noncompact symmetric spaces

Author: Hong-Wei Zhang, Institut Denis Poisson (IDP), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Tours-Université d'Orléans (UO), and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Tours (UT)-Université d'Orléans (UO)
Subjects: Pointwise, Pure mathematics, Rank (linear algebra), MSC 1991 : 22E30, 35L05, 43A85, 47J35, 43A90, 010102 general mathematics, Mathematics::Analysis of PDEs, Ocean Engineering, Symmetric space, Wave equation, Dispersive estimate, 01 natural sciences, Mathematics - Analysis of PDEs, Kernel (statistics), 0103 physical sciences, FOS: Mathematics, [MATH.MATH-AP]Mathematics [math]/Analysis of PDEs [math.AP], 010307 mathematical physics, [MATH]Mathematics [math], 0101 mathematics, 35Q55, 43A85, 22E30, 35P25, 47J35, 58D25, Linear wave equation, Analysis of PDEs (math.AP), Mathematics
Abstract: In this paper, we prove sharp pointwise kernel estimates and dispersive properties for the linear wave equation on noncompact Riemannian symmetric spaces G/K of any rank with G complex. As a consequence, we deduce Strichartz inequalities for a large family of admissible pairs and prove global well-posedness results for the corresponding semilinear equation with low regularity data as on hyperbolic spaces., Comment: To appear in Pure and Applied Analysis
Published: 2021

45. La liaison dans un corpus de hits francophones (1956–2017)

Author: Gasparde Coutanson, Flora Badin, Modèles, Dynamiques, Corpus (MoDyCo), Université Paris Nanterre (UPN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paris Nanterre (UPN), Laboratoire Ligérien de Linguistique (LLL), Bibliothèque nationale de France (BnF)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Université de Tours-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Bibliothèque nationale de France (BnF)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Université de Tours (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: 060201 languages & linguistics, 030507 speech-language pathology & audiology, 03 medical and health sciences, Linguistics and Language, 0602 languages and literature, 06 humanities and the arts, [SHS.LANGUE]Humanities and Social Sciences/Linguistics, 0305 other medical science, Language and Linguistics
Abstract: RÉSUMÉDans cette contribution, nous analysons un corpus de chansons ayant accédé à la première place de classements musicaux réalisés pour la France entre 1956 et 2017. Cette base de données nous permet de nous questionner sur le type d’oralité que produit l’industrie du disque francophone. Si les chansons présentent des caractéristiques conceptionnelles relevant de la distance (Koch et Oesterreicher, 2001), quelques traits linguistiques relevés sont pourtant illustratifs d’une proximité conceptionnelle. Nous nous intéressons plus particulièrement aux liaisons dans les chansons, à leur possible réalisation dans ces productions préparées en comparaison avec des corpus spontanés ou de locuteurs professionnels, aux liaisons variables (que nous considérons comme une marque de distance) et à l’évolution diachronique de leur réalisation. Pour mener à bien cette analyse, nous avons utilisé un outil facilitant l’étude sur corpus des liaisons, que nous présenterons. C’est surtout la réalisation de certaines liaisons variables, comme après suis, étais ou jamais, plus spécifiquement réalisées dans notre corpus, qui concourt au caractère distant de ces productions langagières. Au fil du temps, la réalisation des liaisons variables a diminué dans les chansons, par exemple après est ou préposition, les rapprochant de productions relevant de la proximité.
Published: 2021

46. LoopStructural 1.0: time-aware geological modelling

Author: Gautier Laurent, Laurent Ailleres, Mark Jessell, Lachlan Grose, Monash University [Melbourne], Institut des Sciences de la Terre d'Orléans - UMR7327 (ISTO), Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM) (BRGM)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers en région Centre (OSUC), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Métallogénie - UMR7327, and Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM) (BRGM)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers en région Centre (OSUC)
Subjects: Polynomial regression, Surface (mathematics), QE1-996.5, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Computer science, NumPy, Frame (networking), Geology, Python (programming language), 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, Fault (power engineering), 01 natural sciences, Computational science, [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics], Proof of concept, computer, ComputingMethodologies_COMPUTERGRAPHICS, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, computer.programming_language, Interpolation
Abstract: In this contribution we introduce LoopStructural, a new open-source 3D geological modelling Python package (http://www.github.com/Loop3d/LoopStructural, last access: 15 June 2021). LoopStructural provides a generic API for 3D geological modelling applications harnessing the core Python scientific libraries pandas, numpy and scipy. Six different interpolation algorithms, including three discrete interpolators and 3 polynomial trend interpolators, can be used from the same model design. This means that different interpolation algorithms can be mixed and matched within a geological model allowing for different geological objects, e.g. different conformable foliations, fault surfaces and unconformities to be modelled using different algorithms. Geological features are incorporated into the model using a time-aware approach, where the most recent features are modelled first and used to constrain the geometries of the older features. For example, we use a fault frame for characterising the geometry of the fault surface and apply each fault sequentially to the faulted surfaces. In this contribution we use LoopStructural to produce synthetic proof of concepts models and a 86 km × 52 km model of the Flinders Ranges in South Australia using map2loop.
Published: 2021

47. Oxidation of C 5 esters: Influence of the position of the ester function

Author: Philippe Dagaut, Sébastien Thion, Guillaume Dayma, Zeynep Serinyel, Maxence Lailliau, Institut de Combustion, Aérothermique, Réactivité et Environnement (ICARE), Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut des Sciences de l'Ingénierie et des Systèmes (INSIS), European Project: 291049,EC:FP7:ERC,ERC-2011-ADG_20110209,2G-CSAFE(2011), and Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut des Sciences de l'Ingénierie et des Systèmes (INSIS - CNRS)
Subjects: oxidation, Butyl formate, 020209 energy, chemistry.chemical_element, 02 engineering and technology, butyl formate, Mole fraction, Biochemistry, ethyl propanoate, Inorganic Chemistry, chemistry.chemical_compound, 020401 chemical engineering, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, [CHIM]Chemical Sciences, Organic chemistry, Reactivity (chemistry), 0204 chemical engineering, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, chemistry.chemical_classification, Chemistry, Alkene, Organic Chemistry, Ethyl propanoate, kinetic modeling, methyl butanoate, Product distribution, Propyl acetate, jet-stirred reactor, propyl acetate, Carbon
Abstract: International audience; The oxidation of esters has been extensively studied over the past 15 years, mainly focusing on methyl- and ethyl-esters. Recently, the oxidation of esters produced from higher alcohols has received more and more attention. In this work, we report experiments and modeling on the oxidation of a series of four esters with five carbon atoms, namely, methyl butanoate, ethyl propanoate, propyl acetate, and butyl formate. The oxidation of these esters was performed in a jet-stirred reactor under the same experimental conditions (tau = 700 ms, p = 10 atm, phi = 1, and X-fuel,X- initial = 1000 ppm). The mole fraction profiles obtained from these experiments were used to develop a unique detailed kinetic mechanism for the oxidation of these four esters, which performs well against our experimental data and on data from the literature. Although these esters are isomers, this work highlights the influence of the position of the ester function in terms of global reactivity and product distribution. In particular, this comparison shows the strong impact of the nature of the products (i.e., acid + alkene) formed by the different molecular decomposition reactions during the oxidation process of these esters.
Published: 2021

48. Temperley–Lieb, Birman–Murakami–Wenzl and Askey–Wilson Algebras and Other Centralizers of $$U_q(\mathfrak {sl}_2)$$

Author: Luc Vinet, Nicolas Crampé, Meri Zaimi, Fédération de recherche Denis Poisson (FDP), Université d'Orléans (UO)-Université de Tours-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Université de Tours (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO)
Subjects: Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Pure mathematics, [PHYS.MPHY]Physics [physics]/Mathematical Physics [math-ph], Diagonal, FOS: Physical sciences, Duality (optimization), 01 natural sciences, Mathematics::Quantum Algebra, Mathematics - Quantum Algebra, 0103 physical sciences, FOS: Mathematics, Quantum Algebra (math.QA), Representation Theory (math.RT), 0101 mathematics, Mathematics::Representation Theory, Mathematical Physics, Quotient, Mathematics, Conjecture, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Image (category theory), 010102 general mathematics, Statistical and Nonlinear Physics, Mathematical Physics (math-ph), Mathematics::Geometric Topology, Centralizer and normalizer, Tensor product, Irreducible representation, 20G42, 17B37, 17B35, Mathematics - Representation Theory
Abstract: The centralizer of the image of the diagonal embedding of $U_q(\mathfrak{sl}_2)$ in the tensor product of three irreducible representations is examined in a Schur-Weyl duality spirit. The aim is to offer a description in terms of generators and relations. A conjecture in this respect is offered with the centralizers presented as quotients of the Askey-Wilson algebra. Support for the conjecture is provided by an examination of the representations of the quotients. The conjecture is also shown to be true in a number of cases thereby exhibiting in particular the Temperley-Lieb, Birman-Murakami-Wenzl and one-boundary Temperley-Lieb algebras as quotients of the Askey-Wilson algebra., 26 pages
Published: 2021

49. Development and Implementation of an Experimental Machine to Study Woven Fabric Preforming Defects

Author: Gilles Hivet, Samir Allaoui, Jean Gillibert, Anwar Shanwan, Mécanique des Matériaux et Procédés (MMP), Laboratoire de Mécanique Gabriel Lamé (LaMé), Université d'Orléans (UO)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Centre Val de Loire (INSA CVL), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Tours-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Centre Val de Loire (INSA CVL), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Tours, Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Tours (UT)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Centre Val de Loire (INSA CVL), and Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Tours (UT)
Subjects: Mesoscopic physics, Materials science, Mechanical Engineering, Composite number, Process (computing), 02 engineering and technology, Molding (process), 01 natural sciences, 010309 optics, [SPI]Engineering Sciences [physics], 020303 mechanical engineering & transports, 0203 mechanical engineering, Mechanics of Materials, Woven fabric, 0103 physical sciences, Development (differential geometry), Composite material, Buckle, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract: In Liquid Composite Molding (LCM), a fabric can be formed by highly double curved punch geometries. During the forming step, various types of defects can appear and may have a significant influence on the mechanical properties of the final composite materials. Till now, these defects have not been fully studied and/or understood. The aim of this study was to understand the mechanisms leading to the forming of mesoscopic defects (buckles and sliding), as well as their effect on the behavior of composite materials. To achieve this goal, an experimental machine was designed and built. The machine generates different types of defects, with controlled and adjusted amplitudes (calibrated defects) in samples of a fabric. These samples were then used to manufacture composite samples with calibrated defects, by an LCM process, in order to test and compare them with composite samples without defects. Thanks to this machine, calibrated forming defects that simulate the defects of an LCM process were generated, and the experimental parameters corresponding to the appearance of these defects were defined for two types of fabrics based on glass and carbon fibers. This work provides insight into the forming mechanisms of the buckle and sliding defects that occur during an LCM process.
Published: 2021

50. The Early Imperial fortress of Berkou, Eastern Desert, Egypt

Author: Mariola Hepa, Hélène Cuvigny, Isabelle Goncalves, Jennifer Gates-Foster, Bérangère Redon, Thomas Faucher, University of North Carolina [Chapel Hill] (UNC), University of North Carolina System (UNC), Université Lumière - Lyon 2 (UL2), Histoire et Sources des Mondes antiques (HiSoMA), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] (UJM)-Université Jean Moulin - Lyon 3 (UJML), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Lumière - Lyon 2 (UL2)-École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon), Institut de recherche et d'histoire des textes (IRHT), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), IRAMAT-Centre de recherche en physique appliquée à l’archéologie (IRAMAT-CRP2A), Institut de Recherches sur les Archéomatériaux (IRAMAT), Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Bordeaux Montaigne-Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbeliard (UTBM)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Bordeaux Montaigne-Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbeliard (UTBM), European Project: 759078,Desert Networks, École normale supérieure de Lyon (ENS de Lyon)-Université Lumière - Lyon 2 (UL2)-Université Jean Moulin - Lyon 3 (UJML), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbeliard (UTBM)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Université Bordeaux Montaigne (UBM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbeliard (UTBM)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Université Bordeaux Montaigne (UBM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Roman roads, Archeology, geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, Desert (philosophy), [SHS.ARCHEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Archaeology and Prehistory, 060102 archaeology, Visual Arts and Performing Arts, Excavation, 06 humanities and the arts, Eastern Desert, Archaeology, [SHS]Humanities and Social Sciences, praesidium, water management, Roman quarries, army, 0601 history and archaeology, Fortress (chess), Classics, Architecture, [SHS.HIST]Humanities and Social Sciences/History, [SHS.CLASS]Humanities and Social Sciences/Classical studies, Wadi
Abstract: In 2020, during excavations in the Wadi al-Ghozza in the Eastern Desert of Egypt, archaeologists from the French Archaeological Mission to the Eastern Desert of Egypt discovered a well-preserved Flavian praesidium. This small and unusually shaped fort, identified in ostraca found in the fortress as Berkou (Βɛρκου), lay along a track leading from ancient Kaine (Qena) to the imperial quarries at Porphyrites. The fort lay over the remains of a Ptolemaic village and incorporated elements from the water system of the older settlement. This article presents the results of those excavations, including an overview of the fort's architecture and associated finds, as well as a discussion of its role in the regional transportation and security network that supported Roman exploitation of the nearby porphyry quarries in the 1st c. CE.
Published: 2021

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