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publié en ligne le 7 septembre 2016; In the wake of the decentralisation reforms implemented in France in the early 1980's, the Coast Protection Act (“loi littoral”) was enacted in 1986 to counter-balance the significant regulatory powers devolved through those reforms to local municipalities in matters of urban planning. The Act's purpose was to contain urban sprawl, especially in heretofore undeveloped and protected areas like those found on the Corsican coastline. Many local officials protested that the act would freeze any development on vast tracts of land and become a hindrance to carrying out potentially lucrative tourism projects on the most attractive coastal frontage parcels. The inquiry draws on a statistical sample of 252 legal arguments put forward in 180 claims, which were filed in the Corsican Administrative Court during the 2004-2011 period. From a sociological perspective, we examine in this article the strategies behind litigation and the use of the administrative courts as a means to resolve conflicts that have arisen over the attempted development of protected coastal areas. Special attention is paid to disputes over proposed development projects against which claims have been filed by local inhabitants and state administrators with the intention of containing urban sprawl.

Chantier qualité GA; Rare breeds face not only conservation challenges but also represent development opportunities. Both goals need to be reconciled and our aim was to understand whether such conciliation is achieved or not. A total of 132 rare breeds have been identified in France, and among them, 18 situations have been analyzed in details with an emphasis on interaction between the conservation and the development dynamics. We conducted interviews with stakeholders involved in the programs to analyze how the different development initiatives influenced conservation. Our results confirm that development initiatives can help maintain the population size, but also revealed situations where some aspects of development actions induced tensions with conservation. Potential points of tension need to be identified if they are to be overcome.

In the mountainous areas of Europe with a humid climate, dairy cattle production is a major agricultural activity, and the milk is often processed into cheese according to protected designation of origin (PDO) specifications. We analyzed the extent to which PDO specifications and/or a mountain environment influence the spatial distribution of estimated breeding values (EBVs) of cows and the herd–year effects (HYEs) for milk yield (kg/lactation) and protein and fat contents (g/kg), as well as lactation ranks and calving months. The study focused on the northern French Alps. A total of 37 023 lactations, recorded in 2006, in 1153 herds were analyzed. The cows belonged to the Montbéliarde (21 516 lactations), Abondance (10 346 lactations) and Tarentaise (5161 lactations) breeds. The two factors of variation considered were the status of the commune where the farm was located in relation to PDO (three categories: area with no PDO, area with a PDO with no milk yield limit, area with a PDO with a milk yield limit) and ‘mountain’ environment (four categories based on the European regulation: plain, piedmont, mountain and high mountain). In the Abondance breed, the average lactation rank increased with an increase in production constraints due to the PDO or to a mountain environment. In the Abondance and Tarentaise breeds, grouping of calving in winter was most marked in the ‘PDO with a milk yield limit’ and ‘high-mountain’ categories. In the Tarentaise breed, no significant effect on any trait and any variable was found in the ‘PDO’ or ‘mountain’ categories. In the other two breeds, the average EBV for milk yield decreased with an increase in the constraints due to PDO, with differences of 226 and 93 kg between extreme values in the Abondance and Montbéliarde breeds, respectively. The average HYE for milk yield was higher in the Abondance breed in the ‘PDO with no milk yield limit’ category than in the other categories (+740 and +1110 kg, respectively); HYE was not affected by the ‘PDO’ factor in the Montbéliarde breed or by the ‘mountain’ factor in either breed. Concerning the protein and fat contents, the effect of the ‘PDO’ and ‘mountain’ factors depended on the trait, the variable and the breed. The proportion of individual decisions (the farmer makes the decision) v. collective decisions (breed management) concerning herd dynamics in the face of existing constraints is discussed.

Rural tourism and local products: a winning combination?. Symposium International FRES Connecting food to place

Le Congrès international de l’Arganier comme dispositif de valorisation et de transmission des connaissances pour le développement de l’Arganeraie. De l’intention affichée à la réalité opérationnelle Quel type de transmission de savoirs, une innovation institutionnelle favorise t’elle ? . Innovation et transmission dans les arrière-pays méditerranéens