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The first example of a discrete mixed platinum(iv)–gold(iii) oxoanion.

We report on the synthesis and structural characterizaton of the first example of a PdIV-containing polyoxopalladate(ii).

Mono substituted heteropolyoxidovanadates, when compared to effects of a corresponding isopolyoxidovanadate (POV), were found to be more effective initiators of signal transduction by a G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR), specifically the luteinizing hormone receptor (LHR). Here we report that LHRs signal productively when CHO cells expressing the receptor are treated with two heteropolyoxidovanadates PtIV in monoplatino(IV)nonavanadate(V) ([H2PtVIVV9O28]5-, V9Pt), and MoIV in monomolybdo(VI)nonavanadate(V) (Mo[VIVV9O28]5-, V9Mo). Both substituted decavanadate derivatives were more effective than decavanadate which is more charged, has greater stability and forms the [V10O28]6- anion (V10) in cell culture medium at pH 7.4. For viable CHO cells expressing 10 k or 32 k LHR/cell and treated with 11 μM V9Pt and 13 μM V9Mo, mono substituted heteropolyoxidovanadates significantly decreased the packing of plasma membrane lipids for about 1 h. This brief change in membrane structure was accompanied by increased aggregation of LHR and cell signaling as indicated by increased intracellular levels of cAMP. More pronounced changes in lipid packing and LHR signaling were associated with short acting heteropolyoxidovanadates than with the more stable V10. When LHR was overexpressed, V9Pt and V9Mo had little or no effect on membrane lipid packing or receptor aggregation and the LHR was constitutively activated as indicated by elevated intracellular cAMP levels. Speciation of V9Pt and V9Mo in H2O and cell medium was monitored using 51V NMR spectroscopy and confirmed that V9Pt and V9Mo had greater effects on CHO cells despite decomposing more rapidly in the cell growth medium. Thus, under conditions that promote CHO cell growth, V9Pt and V9Mo, despite their smaller molecular charge and their reduced stability, favor LHR signaling over that induced by V10. Importantly, under the same experimental conditions, CHO cells treated with V9Pt and V9Mo do not exhibit as strong toxic effects observed for cells treated with the longer lived V10. In summary, unlike the longer lived V10 which is more growth inhibitory to cells, monosubstituted heteropolyoxidovanadates are more effective in transiently initiating signaling by a G protein-coupled receptor but, because of rapid hydrolysis, inhibit cell growth less.

We report on the first example of a Pd

A family of five host-guest assemblies comprising different metal ions inside a cuboid 12-palladium-oxo cage, [MO

We have discovered the first polythioplatinate(II), [Pt

The first organofunctionalized mixed-valent polyoxo-30-molybdate wheel, [Mo

Six arsenic(III)-capped 12-tungsto-2-arsenates(III) of the type [M2(AsIIIW6O25)2(AsIIIOH)x]n- (M = CrIII, 1; FeIII, 2; ScIII, 3; InIII, 4; TiIV, 5; MnII, 6) have been synthesized in aqueous medium by direct reaction of the elements using a one-pot strategy and structurally characterized by FT-IR spectroscopy, single-crystal XRD, and elemental analysis. Polyanions 1-6 are comprised of two octahedrally coordinated guest metal ions M sandwiched between two {AsW6} units, resulting in a structure with C2h point-group symmetry. Polyanions 1-5 contain tri- and tetravalent metal ion guests M (M = CrIII, FeIII, ScIII, InIII, and TiIV, respectively), and they have one {AsIIIOH} group grafted on each {AsW6} unit, whereas the divalent MnII-containing derivative 6 has two such {AsIIIOH} groups grafted on each {AsW6} unit. Magnetic studies on polyanions 3-5 over the temperature range 1.8-295 K and magnetic fields of 0-7 T confirmed that they are diamagnetic. On the other hand, polyanions 1, 2, and 6 are strongly magnetic and follow the Curie-Weiss law above 30 K. The susceptibility plots of 1 and 6 exhibit broad peaks suggesting short-range antiferromagnetic ordering, while the very weak antiferromagnetic ordering of 2 is overshadowed by traces of a paramagnetic impurity. The magnetization data of 1, 2, and 6 at 1.8 K over 0-7 T were analyzed by using the Heisenberg exchange procedure. Small (negative) values of the obtained J values help in understanding the absence of long-range antiferromagnetic ordering.

We report on the synthesis and structural characterization of four arylarsonate- and phosphonate-capped polyoxomolybdates that exhibit different organic substituents in the para position of the phenyl group. The reaction of arylarsonates (RAsO3, wherein R = 4-BrC6H4 or 4-N3C6H4) with molybdate in aqueous pH 3.5 media resulted in the cyclic hexamolybdates [(BrC6H4As)2Mo6O24]4- (Mo6As2La) and [(N3C6H4As)2Mo6O24]4- (Mo6As2Lb), whereas the reaction of arylphosphonates (R'PO3, wherein R' = 4-O2CC6H4 or 4-O2CC6H4CH2) with molybdate in aqueous pH 3 media resulted in the cyclic pentamolybdates [(O2CC6H4P)2Mo5O21]6- (Mo5P2Lc) and [(HO2CC6H4CH2P)2Mo5O21]4- (Mo5P2Ld), respectively. Polyanions Mo6As2La and Mo6As2Lb comprise a ring of six MoO6 octahedra that is capped on either side by an organoarsonate group, whereas Mo5P2Lc and Mo5P2Ld consist of a ring of five MoO6 octahedra that is capped on either side by an organophosphonate group, with the organic arms protruding away from the metal-oxo core of the polyanions. All four polyanions Mo6As2La, Mo6As2Lb, Mo5P2Lc, and Mo5P2Ld have been characterized in the solid state by single-crystal X-ray diffraction, IR spectroscopy, and thermogravimetric and elemental analysis and in solution by multinuclear NMR (31P, 13C, and 1H). The synthetic procedure of (4-bromophenyl)arsonic acid, BrC6H4AsO3H2, is reported here for the first time.

Interaction of the trilacunary 9-tungstosilicate [A-α-SiW9O34]10- with cobalt(ii), nickel(ii) and zinc(ii) ions in pH 9 aqueous medium at room temperature led to the formation of the respective M4-containing heteropolytungstates [M4(OH)3(H2O)2(α-SiW10O36.5)2]13- (M = Co2+ (1), Ni2+ (2), and Zn2+ (3)). Polyanions 1-3 were characterized in the solid state by single-crystal XRD, FT-IR spectroscopy, and thermogravimetric and elemental analyses. Electrochemical studies showed that the Co2+ ions in 1 can be oxidized to Co3+ and the CVs of the WVI centers of the polyanions feature well-defined and chemically reversible reduction waves. Magnetic measurements on 1 and 2 showed paramagnetism with complex ferromagnetic and antiferromagnetic interactions. A model was presented for extracting the exchange constants for the magnetic exchange interaction.

The discrete inverted-Keggin ion [Mo

We report on the synthesis, structure, and physicochemical characterization of the first three examples of neutral palladium‐oxo clusters (POCs). The 16‐palladium(II)‐oxo cluster [Pd16O24(OH)8((CH3)2As)8] (Pd16) comprises a cyclic palladium‐oxo unit capped by eight dimethylarsinate groups. The chloro‐derivative [Pd16Na2O26(OH)3 Cl3 ((CH3)2 As)8] (Pd16Cl) was also prepared, which forms a highly stable 3D supramolecular lattice via strong intermolecular interactions. The 24‐palladium(II)‐oxo cluster [Pd24O44(OH)8((CH3)2As)16] (Pd24) can be considered as a bicapped derivative of Pd16 with a tetra‐palladium‐oxo unit grafted on either side. The three compounds were fully characterized 1) in the solid state by single‐crystal and powder XRD, IR, TGA, and solid‐state 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy, 2) in solution by 1H, 13C NMR and 1H DOSY spectroscopic methods, and 3) in the gas phase by electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI‐MS)., The first three examples of neutral palladium‐oxo clusters (POCs), Pd16, Pd16Cl, and Pd24, were prepared by simple open‐pot, room‐temperature reactions of palladium(II) salts in sodium dimethylarsinate aqueous solutions. The dimethylarsinate capping groups act as bidentate, monoanionic ligands for the various palladium‐oxo cores. The three POCs were fully characterized in the solid, solution, and gaseous states by a multitude of physicochemical techniques.

We report on the first example of a peroxouranium-containing {P8W48} wheel, [{(UO2)4(O2)4}2(P8W48O184)]40- (1), which was synthesized by a one-pot reaction of UO2(NO3)2·6H2O with the 48-tungsto-8-phosphate wheel [H7P8W48O184]33- and aqueous hydrogen peroxide in a pH 6 lithium acetate solution at 50 °C. Polyanion 1 comprises two tetrauranyl squares with side-on peroxo bridging ligands in the cavity of the {P8W48} wheel, and was isolated as the hydrated potassium-lithium salt K18Li22[{(UO2)4(O2)4}2(P8W48O184)]·133H2O (KLi-1), which was characterized in the solid state by single-crystal X-ray diffraction, as well as thermogravimetric and elemental analyses. A detailed Fourier transform infrared and Raman spectroscopy study was also performed.

We have discovered five bismuth(III)-containing polyoxopalladates (POPs) which were fully characterized by solution and solid-state physicochemical techniques: the cube-shaped [BiPd12O32(AsPh)8]5- (BiPd12AsL), [BiPd12O32(AsC6H4N3)8]5- (BiPd12AsLN), and [BiPd12O32(AsC6H4COO)8]13- (BiPd12AsLC) as well as the star-shaped [BiPd15O40(PO)10H6]11- (BiPd15P) and [BiPd15O40(PPh)10]7- (BiPd15PL), respectively. The organically modified capping groups phenylarsonate, p-azidophenylarsonate, and p-carboxyphenylarsonate were chosen as the azido (-N3) and carboxyl (-COOH) groups open up opportunities to covalently conjugate (via click reaction, amide coupling, etc.) with targeting vectors. The synthesis of p-azidophenylarsonate is reported here for the first time. The effects of the BiIII template and the organoarsonate vs -posphonate capping groups on the resulting POP shape (cube vs star) are discussed. The 209Bi NMR (I = 9/2) spectra of BiPd12AsL, BiPd12AsLN, and BiPd12AsLC revealed narrow peaks (ν1/2 ∼ 200 Hz) at 5470 ppm with a longitudinal relaxation time in the millisecond range (at 8.46 T). The absence of a quadrupolar relaxation contribution could be attributed to the allocation of BiIII in the highly symmetrical cuboid POP host cage. Similar peaks were absent in the 209Bi-NMR spectra of the star-shaped POPs BiPd15P and BiPd15PL due to the less symmetric coordination environment around the central BiIII ion. Further, 205/206Bi-radiolabeled POPs have been synthesized by incorporating a 205/206BiIII ion in the center of the POP structures. Carrier-free 205/206Bi radioisotopes (as surrogates of α-emitting 213Bi) were incorporated into the POP host-cage for the preparation of 205/206BiPd12AsL, 205/206BiPd12AsLN, 205/206BiPd12AsLC, and 205/206BiPd15PL, respectively. The radiometal incorporation was complete (>99% radiochemical yield) in 10 min according to radio-thin-layer chromatography. The 205/206BiPd12AsL polyanion was purified by solid-phase extraction. The incubation in rat serum showed the formation of a 205/206BiPd12AsL-protein aggregate.

We have synthesized and structurally characterized the 4-palladium(II)-containing 30-tungsto-4-arsenate(V), [Pd4(As2W15O56)2]16- (1), which represents the first palladium(II)-containing tungstoarsenate(V). The title polyanion 1 was prepared by a simple one-pot procedure in aqueous medium and characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), cyclic voltammetry, elemental analysis, and 183W nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), infrared (IR), and ultraviolet-visible (UV-vis) spectroscopies. Polyanion 1 consists of four Pd2+ ions that are coordinated in a square-planar geometry to two trilacunary [As2W15O56]12- Wells-Dawson fragments resulting in a sandwich-type assembly. Catalytic studies on 1 revealed that it is an efficient catalyst precursor for the Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling reactions of various aryl halides in aqueous and nonaqueous media.

Polyoxometalates (POMs) have emerged as potential anode materials for lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) owing to their ability to transfer multiple electrons. Although POM anode materials exhibit notable results in LIBs, their energy-storage mechanisms have not been well-investigated. Here, we utilize various in operando and ex situ techniques to verify the charge-storage mechanisms of a Keplerate-type POM Na2K23{[(MoVI)MoVI5O21(H2O)3(KSO4)]12 [(VIVO)30(H2O)20(SO4)0.5]}·ca200H2O ({Mo72V30}) anode in LIBs. The {Mo72V30} anode provides a high reversible capacity of up to ∼1300 mA h g-1 without capacity fading for up to 100 cycles. The lithium-ion storage mechanism was studied systematically through in operando synchrotron X-ray absorption near-edge structure, ex situ X-ray diffraction, ex situ extended X-ray absorption fine structure, ex situ transmission electron microscopy, in operando synchrotron transmission X-ray microscopy, and in operando Raman spectroscopy. Based on the abovementioned results, we propose that the open hollow-ball structure of the {Mo72V30} molecular cluster serves as an electron/ion sponge that can store a large number of lithium ions and electrons reversibly via multiple and reversible redox reactions (Mo6+ ↔ Mo1+ and V5+/V4+↔ V1+) with fast lithium diffusion kinetics (DLi+: 10-9-10-10 cm2 s-1). No obvious volumetric expansion of the microsized {Mo72V30} particle is observed during the lithiation/delithiation process, which leads to high cycling stability. This study provides comprehensive analytical methods for understanding the lithium-ion storage mechanism of such complicated POMs, which is important for further studies of POM electrodes in energy-storage applications.

Reaction of the mixed-valent Mn12-acetato complex [MnIII8MnIV4O12(CH3COO)16(H2O)4] with the trilacunary Wells-Dawson-type heteropolytungstate [P2W15O56]12- in acidic acetate solution (pH 1.1) resulted in the tetra-MnIII-containing polyanion [MnIII4(H2O)2(P2W15O56)2]12- (1). Single-crystal XRD on Na12[MnIII4(H2O)2(P2W15O56)2]·84H2O (1a) revealed that four MnIII ions form a rhombic Mn4O16 core encapsulated by two [P2W15O56]12- units. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) data confirm the +3 oxidation state of the four manganese ions in 1. Magnetic measurements from 1.8-300 K in a 100 Oe magnetic field allowed for the extraction of full fitting parameters from the susceptibility data for 1. The negative Ja value (Ja = -2.16 ± 0.08 K, Jb = 3.24 ± 1.73 K, g = 2.35 ± 0.040, and ρ = 0.34 ± 0.03) suggests a dominant antiferromagnetic spin exchange interaction between the four MnIII ions, with the positive Jb being an accompanying result of Ja. Electrochemical studies revealed a reversible MnIV/MnIII redox couple in 1 at the +0.80 to +1.1 V potential region with E1/2 = +0.907 V.

Macroions, as soluble ions with a size on the nanometer scale, show unique solution behavior different from those of simple ions and large colloidal suspensions. In macroionic solutions, the counterions are known to be important and well-explored. However, the role of co-ions (ions carrying the same type of charge as the macroions) is often ignored. Here, through experimental and simulation studies, we demonstrate the role of co-ions as a function of co-ion size on their interaction with the macroions (using {Mo72Fe30} and {SrPd12} as models) and the related self-assembly into blackberry-type structures in dilute solutions. Several regimes of unique co-ion effects are clearly identified: small ions (halides, oxoacid ions), subnanometer-scaled bulky ions (lacunary Keggin and dodecaborate ions), and those with sizes comparable to the macroions. Small co-ions have no observable effect on the self-assembly of fully hydrophilic {Mo72Fe30}, while due to hydrophobic interaction and intermolecular hydrogen bonds, the small co-ions show influences on the self-assembly of hydrophobic {SrPd12}. Subnanometer ions, a.k.a. "superchaotropic ions", are still too small to assemble into a blackberry by themselves, but they can coassemble with the macroions, showing a strong interaction with the macroionic system. When the co-ion size is comparable to that of the macroions, they assemble independently instead of assembling with the macroions, leading to the previously reported unique self-recognition phenomenon for macroions.

We report on the synthesis and structural characterization of two series of lanthanide-containing 22-tungsto-2-germanates. The first series corresponds to a family of polyanions with the formula [Ln(β2-GeW11O39)2]13- (LnIII = La (1), Ce (2), Pr (3), Nd (4), Sm (5), Gd (6), Dy (7)), and the second series corresponds to a family with the formula [Ln(β2-GeW11O39)(α-GeW11O39)]13- (LnIII = Ho (8), Er (9), Tm (10)). All compounds were characterized in the solid state by single-crystal and powder XRD, IR, TGA, and SQUID magnetometry. The polyanions were synthesized in aqueous medium by direct reaction of the monolacunary [β2-GeW11O39]8- POM precursor with the corresponding lanthanide salts. The structure of the polyanions consists of an 8-coordinated lanthanide ion in a square-antiprismatic geometry, which is sandwiched either between two [β2-GeW11O39]8- units for 1-7 or between a [β2-GeW11O39]8- and a [α-GeW11O39]8- unit for 8-10. Furthermore, the effect of the central paramagnetic lanthanide ion on the magnetic behavior of the polyanions was investigated, with the erbium-derivative [Er(β2-GeW11O39)(α-GeW11O39)]13- (9) showing single-molecule magnet (SMM) behavior.

We have synthesized and structurally characterized three tetra-(p-tolyl)antimony(III)-containing heteropolytungstates, [{(p-tolyl)SbIII}4(A-α-XW9O34)2]n- [X = PV (1-P), AsV (1-As), or GeIV (1-Ge)], in aqueous solution using conventional, one-pot procedures. The polyanions 1-P, 1-As, and 1-Ge were fully characterized in the solid state and in solution and were shown to be soluble and stable in aqueous medium at pH 7. Biological studies demonstrated that all three polyanions possess significant antibacterial and antitumor activities. The minimum inhibitory concentrations of 1-P, 1-As, and 1-Ge were determined against four kinds of bacteria, including the two pathogenic bacteria strains, Vibrio parahaemolyticus and Vibrio vulnificus. The three novel polyanions also showed high cytotoxic potency in the human cell lines A549 (non-small cell lung cancer), CH1/PA-1 (ovarian teratocarcinoma), and SW480 (colon carcinoma).

We report on the discovery of the first two examples of cationic palladium(II)-oxo clusters (POCs) containing f-metal ions, [Pd

We report on the synthesis and structural characterization of a giant, discrete, and neutral molecular disk, [Pd

We report on the disparity in the assembly behavior of four types of nano-sized macroions induced by isotopic substitution of protium (H) to deuterium (D) in solvents. Macroions with modest charge density can self-assemble into single-layer, hollow, spherical "blackberry"-type structures, with larger assembly sizes representing stronger attractions among the macroions. Kinetically, all assembly processes become slower in D2 O than in H2 O. Thermodynamically, the polyoxometalate {SrPd12 }, the uranium cage {U60 } with alkali metal counterions, and the metal-organic cationic cage {Pd12 L24 } demonstrate similar assembly sizes in both H2 O and D2 O, whereas the metal oxide cluster {Mo72 Fe30 } as a weak acid shows an unusually large assembly size in H2 O-suggesting a stronger contribution from the hydrogen bonding in the last case.

We have prepared the indium(III)-centered, all-acetate-capped polyoxopalladate(II) nanocube [InPd12O8(OAc)16]5– (InPd12Ac16), which can be further used as precursor to form the phosphate-capped (i)...

The class of peroxo-cerium-containing polyoxometalates has been discovered via the synthesis of the 9-peroxo-6-cerium(IV)-containing 30-tungsto-3-germanate, [CeIV6(O2)9(GeW10O37)3]24– (1). Polyanio...

The first two examples of polyoxopalladates(II) (POPs) containing tetravalent metal ion guests, [MO8Pd12(PO4)8]12- (M = SnIV, PbIV), have been prepared and structurally characterized in the solid state, solution, and gas phase. The interactions of the metal ion guests and the palladium-oxo shell were studied by theoretical calculations. The POPs were shown to possess anticancer activity by causing oxidative stress inducing caspase activation and consecutive apoptosis of leukemic cells.

Metallacarboranes are a class of inorganic boron clusters that have recently been recognized as biologically active compounds. Herein, we report on the host-guest complexation of several cobalt bis(1,2-dicarbollide) anions (COSANs) with cyclodextrins (CDs) in aqueous solution. The binding affinities reach micromolar values, which are among the highest known values for native CDs, and exceed those for neutral hydrophobic organic guest molecules. The entrapment of the COSANs inside the cavity of CDs was confirmed using NMR and UV-visible spectroscopy, mass spectrometry, cyclic voltammetry, and isothermal titration calorimetry. Complexation by CDs greatly influences the photophysical and electrochemical properties of COSANs. In combination with indicator displacement assays, a label-free fluorescence-based method was developed to allow real-time monitoring of the translocation of COSANs through lipid bilayer membranes.

We have used discrete polyoxopalladates(II) (POPs) of the MPd12X8 nanocube- and Pd15X10 nanostar-types (M = central metal ion, X = capping group) as molecular precursors (diameter ca. 1 nm) for the formation of supported (SBA-15) metallic nanoparticles. These materials proved to be highly active in the hydrogenation of o-xylene. The characterization of such hydrogenation catalysts revealed that the average size of the resulting alloy particles is quite uniform with diameters ranging from 1 to 3 nm (indicating little to no agglomeration). The central transition-metal ion M n+ (MnII, FeIII, CoII, NiII, CuII, ZnII, PdII) in the POP structure and also the nature of the capping group (AsO43-, SeO32-, PO43-, phenyl-AsO32-) influence the resulting catalytic performance.

Here we report on the synthesis, structure, and characterization of the first example of a polyoxopalladate (POP)-based metal-organic framework (MOF). This novel class of materials comprises discrete polyoxo-13-palladate(II) nanocubes [Pd13O8(AsO4)8H6]8– decorated by four Ba2+ ions on each of two opposite faces. These secondary building units (SBUs) are linked to each other via rigid linear organic groups, resulting in a stable 3D POP-MOF framework, which exhibits interesting sorption as well as catalytic properties.

Despite their attractive properties, internal targeted alpha therapies using 223/224Ra are limited to bone-seeking applications. As there is no suitable chelator available, the search for new carriers to stably bind Ra2+ and to connect it to biological target molecules is necessary. Polyoxopalladates represent a class of compounds where Ra2+ can be easily introduced into the Pd-POM core during a facile one-pot preparation. Due to the formation of a protein corona, the connection to other targeting (bio)macromolecules is possible.

Hypothesis: The layer-by-layer deposition of films including polyoxometalates (POMs) results in a very interesting range of applications in various fields such as electrochemical devices and as photochromic coatings. However, the fundamental knowledge of the parameters responsible for tuning the properties of the film (i.e. relation between the structure and composition of the POM and the properties of the final film) is still lacking. Experiments: The current work establishes the relationship between the film thickness, the quantity of POM incorporated in each layer and the electrochemical response of the (PAH-POM)x coatings, where PAH is poly(allylamine hydrochloride). Findings: The results presented in this work show that the film thickness, composition and electrochemical activity scale proportionally with the number of W atoms in a series of heteropolytungstates ranging from 5 to 48 (P2W5, PW12, P2V3W15, P2W18, P5W30, P8W48). The obtained results allow us to establish a method to predict the behavior as well as the properties of the film based on the nature of the POM used. Keywords: Comparative study; Cyclic voltammetry; Polyelectrolyte multilayers; Polyoxometalates.

Six arsenic(III)-capped 12-tungsto-2-arsenates(III) of the type [M

Interaction of the trilacunary 9-tungstosilicate [A-α-SiW

We report on the first example of a peroxouranium-containing {P

Inhibitory effects of two monosubstituted decavanadates by Pt

We have synthesized and structurally characterized the 4-palladium(II)-containing 30-tungsto-4-arsenate(V), [Pd

Reaction of the mixed-valent Mn

We report on the synthesis and characterization of the first polyoxo-noble-metalate-containing metal-organic framework (MOF) material, wherein the preformed MIL-101 has been impregnated with the discrete, cuboid-shaped polyoxopalladate [Pd13Se8O32]6- (Pd13Se8), leading to the composite Pd13Se8@MIL-101. This material was characterized by FTIR, TGA, elemental analysis, powder-XRD, N2 sorption (BET), SEM-EDX, and XPS. Furthermore, the Pd13Se8@MIL-101 composite was shown to be an effective, stable, and recyclable heterogeneous precatalyst for the Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling reaction at room temperature utilizing environmentally benign solvents, such as water and methanol.

We report on the synthesis and structural characterization of two series of lanthanide-containing 22-tungsto-2-germanates. The first series corresponds to a family of polyanions with the formula [Ln(

We have synthesized and structurally characterized three tetra-(