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Published by Elsevier Ltd., Background: Differences in the distribution of individual-level clinical risk factors across regions do not fully explain the observed global disparities in COVID-19 outcomes. We aimed to investigate the associations between environmental and societal factors and country-level variations in mortality attributed to COVID-19 among people with rheumatic disease globally. Methods: In this observational study, we derived individual-level data on adults (aged 18-99 years) with rheumatic disease and a confirmed status of their highest COVID-19 severity level from the COVID-19 Global Rheumatology Alliance (GRA) registry, collected between March 12, 2020, and Aug 27, 2021. Environmental and societal factors were obtained from publicly available sources. The primary endpoint was mortality attributed to COVID-19. We used a multivariable logistic regression to evaluate independent associations between environmental and societal factors and death, after controlling for individual-level risk factors. We used a series of nested mixed-effects models to establish whether environmental and societal factors sufficiently explained country-level variations in death. Findings: 14 044 patients from 23 countries were included in the analyses. 10 178 (72·5%) individuals were female and 3866 (27·5%) were male, with a mean age of 54·4 years (SD 15·6). Air pollution (odds ratio 1·10 per 10 μg/m3 [95% CI 1·01-1·17]; p=0·0105), proportion of the population aged 65 years or older (1·19 per 1% increase [1·10-1·30]; p, MAG is supported by the National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases (grant numbers K01 AR070585 and K24 AR074534 [JY]). KDW is supported by the Department of Veterans Affairs and the Rheumatology Research Foundation Scientist Development award. JAS is supported by the National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases (grant numbers K23 AR069688, R03 AR075886, L30 AR066953, P30 AR070253, and P30 AR072577), the Rheumatology Research Foundation (K Supplement Award and R Bridge Award), the Brigham Research Institute, and the R. Bruce and Joan M. Mickey Research Scholar Fund. NJP is supported by the National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases (T32-AR-007258). AD-G is supported by grants from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and the Rheumatology Research Foundation. RH was supported by the Justus-Liebig University Giessen Clinician Scientist Program in Biomedical Research to work on this registry. JY is supported by grants from the National Institutes of Health (K24 AR074534 and P30 AR070155).

Integrated marketing communication is coordinating the promotion mix tools: advertising, public relations, sales promotion, and personal selling. The research aimed to validate the theoretical bases of integrated marketing communication in educational NGOs. The research is quantitative,non-experimental, cross-sectional, and descriptive. The population comprises the beneficiaries of educational NGOs, young adults between 20 and 29 years of age from the southern region of Peru. Using the deductive method, the survey technique, and the questionnaire, a sample of 600 individuals was collected. An exploratory factor analysis was performed to establish the actual dimensions and confirm that they coincide with those previously determined. The results indicate that NGOs need to effectively use integrated marketing communication, which prevents them from reaching their target audience.

(analítico)La inesperada irrupción del covid-19 tuvo profundas consecuencias para los/las estudiantes universitarios, quienes se vieron forzados/as a desarrollar sus carreras remotamente. Particularmente en Chile, las cohortes de ingreso 2019, 2020 y 2021 conformaron un caso único debido a las diferentes condiciones bajo las cuales se produjo su incorporación. Esta investigación tuvo por fin determinar las diferencias y la relación entre las variables personales y las vivencias académicas en una muestra de 331 estudiantes ad-hoc. Los resultados obtenidos estadísticamente mediante una estrategia asociativa e inferencial permiten concluir que no existen diferencias entre cohortes respecto a su salud mental, salvo en la vivencia con la carrera entre 2020 y 2021. Se presentan sugerencias para su abordaje personal y académico, así como para el desarrollo de estrategias focalizadas en la salud mental universitaria. Palabras clave: Estrés; ansiedad; depresión; estudiante; pandemia.

Despite how difficult the early diagnosis of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is, which is mainly due to the heterogeneity and non-specificity of its clinical manifestations, SLE is currently being diagnosed more frequently than in past decades. In fact, there has been an increase in the incidence and prevalence of SLE over the last four decades; this can be explained by a number of reasons including a better knowledge of the pathogenesis of the disease which allows its earlier diagnosis, the rising ethnic and racial diversity of the world population, the use of the 2019 EULAR/ACR criteria that allows classifying patients earlier, and improvements in survival over the last decades, which results in an increase in the prevalent cases of SLE. In this article, we will also review the genetic, environmental, and lifestyle factors, that are reported to increase the risk of developing SLE and how preventive strategies through a clinical care pathway may prevent or delay the development of SLE and improve these patients’ outcomes.

There has been significant interest and progress in understanding the role of caregiver unpredictability on brain maturation, cognitive and socioemotional development, and psychopathology. Theoretical consensus has emerged about the unique influence of unpredictability in shaping children’s experience, distinct from other adverse exposures or features of stress exposure. Nonetheless, the field still lacks theoretical and empirical common ground due to difficulties in accurately conceptualizing and measuring unpredictability in the caregiver–child relationship. In this paper, we first provide an overview of the role of unpredictability in theories of caregiving and childhood adversity and present four issues that are currently under-discussed but are crucial to the field. Focusing on how moment-to-moment and day-to-day dynamics are at the heart of caregiver unpredictability, we review three approaches aiming to address some of these nuances: Environmental statistics, entropy, and dynamic systems. Lastly, we conclude with a broad summary and suggest future research directions. Systematic progress in this field can inform interventions and policies aiming to increase stability in the lives of children.

El embarazo ectópico abdominal, representa el 1% de los embarazos extrauterinos; su incidencia oscila entre 1:10 000 y 1:30 000 embarazos, tiene la tasa de mortalidad más alta, siendo esta 7,7 veces mayor, que en los otros embarazos ectópicos. Objetivos: Presentar un caso clínico de embarazo ectópico abdominal accidentado, su diagnóstico y tratamiento oportuno. Materiales y métodos: se realizó un estudio descriptivo y retrospectivo, presentación de caso clínico. Se obtuvo autorización del departamento de docencia e investigación, para el acceso a las historias clínicas y publicación de imágenes. Caso clínico: Paciente femenino de 21 años de edad, gestas 1, partos: 1, periodo intergenésico 5 años, presenta sintomatología de 2 días de evolución, caracterizada por : dolor de moderada a gran intensidad en fosa iliaca derecha, que se irradia a hipogastrio. Al examen físico llama la atención abdomen blando depresible, doloroso en fosa iliaca derecha a la palpación superficial y profunda, al tacto vaginal cérvix cerrado, doloroso a la movilización, no presenta perdidas transvaginales. Al rastreo ecográfico, se confirma presencia de embarazo ectópico accidentado, por lo que, se realiza laparotomía exploratoria donde se evidencia hemoperitoneo 1000 CC aproximadamente, se procede a aspiración del mismo, se explora cavidad y se observa útero, anexos dentro de limites normales, indemnes , se observa embarazo ectópico localizado en epiplón del lado derecho, además por maternidad satisfecha, se realiza salpinguectomía parcial bilateral. Discusión: El embarazo ectópico abdominal representa un desafío diagnóstico, pudiendo localizarse en el fondo de saco pélvico, el ligamento ancho, el intestino o la pared pélvica lateral. Es un tipo raro de embarazo y a menudo se diagnostica erróneamente, dejando pasar mucho tiempo, evolucionando en hemoperitoneo, aborto, embolia o, rara vez, en casos diagnosticados, nacimiento vivo por cesárea. En el caso presentado, el embarazo se localizó a nivel de epiplón. Conclusión: En nuestro país, no existe aún, un estudio que exponga la realidad actual de esta condición a nivel nacional, siendo el embarazo ectópico abdominal, una patología con una mortalidad 7 veces mayor que las demás gestaciones ectópicas, por su presentación clínica atípica y su difícil localización ecográfica. Se concluye que ante la presencia de dolor abdominal y prueba sérica de HGC positivo en una mujer joven en etapa reproductiva con o sin uso de métodos anticonceptivos, se debe sospechar la presencia de un embarazo extrauterino y su tratamiento dependerá de su estado hemodinámico, por cuanto, si llega en shock hipovolémico su tratamiento será quirúrgico, debido a que se trata de un embarazo ectópico accidentado que compromete la vida, como sucedió en el caso presentado, cuyo diagnóstico fue intraoperatorio en el momento de la exploración de la cavidad abdominal; el cual puede realizarse , por vía laparoscópica o mediante laparotomía exploratoria, dando resolución y control de hemodinamia. En otros casos se puede dar tratamiento médico conservador con metrotexato siempre y cuando cumpla criterios.

It is essential to continually assess and find new ways to recruit and retain participants for research studies. Cryptocurrency is growing in popularity and may be a novel way to incentivize research participants. 100 participants, 50 of whom already had a cryptocurrency wallet and 50 of whom did not have a cryptocurrency wallet, were recruited through Facebook ads and completed a survey that asked about their experience with cryptocurrency and non-fungible tokens (NFTs) and potential interest in use of it for compensating research participants. The majority of respondents (79%) had some experience with cryptocurrency and 85% said they were comfortable trading cryptocurrency. Many participants had exchanged cryptocurrency within the past month (62%) and over their lifetime (70%). Respondents, however, were less familiar with NFTs, with only half having some experience with them. 18% of those without a cryptocurrency wallet and 42% of those with a cryptocurrency wallet chose to be compensated by cryptocurrency and NFT. Results suggest that, although cash and gift card incentives are preferred, there is an interest in cryptocurrency and NFTs. More studies will need to be done on a larger sample size and some of the challenges discussed (like cryptocurrency volatility) need to be addressed.

SLE increases disease burden in those affected with it, and that is particularly the case in low- and middle-income countries. The 2019 Addressing Lupus Pillar of Health Advancement project is a multiphase initiative whose objective is to recognize, hierarchize and establish approaches for diligent SLE research, care and access to healthcare. Lack of access to high-cost medications that have been shown to be efficacious in the short term and that potentially reduce damage in SLE is a complex issue. In this review, we highlight opportunities and plans of action to diminish costs and improve access to therapies, which should be recognized and executed, preferably within regional strategies with multiple stakeholders (including supranational organizations, governments, the pharmaceutical industry, medical societies and the general population) connected with and grounded in structured and clear cost-effectiveness analysis.

This article aims to show the development of positive and effective adaptation skills in decision-making only if emotional intelligence and resilience construction with appropriate stress management is achieved. This study uses validated psychometric tests, such as Baron’s Emotional Quotient Inventory (EQI), to measure emotional intelligence and the Wagnild and Young (RS) resilience scale to measure resilience. The research approach is qualitative and applied with a design of non-experimental analysis. A stratified sample of agents of the city was made in three sectors: Rulers / Politicians, University Professors / Academics, and Businesspeople, as institutional decision-makers in the city of Arequipa. The low individual and collective construction of emotional intelligence and resilience in the different strata of the city of Arequipa significantly decreases adaptive capacity, so agents tend to make linear decisions in complex environments that affect their stress levels and uncertainty management. This study has not been done before since it develops and explains how agents and individuals are recognized as essential elements to generate value from the construction of emotional intelligence and resilience, linking them as fundamental constructs to positive adaptation or effective decision-making to the changing environment forming intelligent networks.

Objective To determine the predictors of the occurrence of severe autoimmune hemolytic anemia (AIHA) and its impact on damage accrual and mortality in SLE patients. Methods Factors associated with time to severe AIHA (hemoglobin level ≤7 g/dL) occurring from the onset of SLE symptoms were examined by Cox proportional hazards regressions. The association of severe AIHA with mortality was examined by logistic regression analyses while its impact on damage was by negative binomial regression. Results Of 1,349 patients, 49 (3.6%) developed severe AIHA over a mean (SD) follow-up time of 5.4 (3.8) years. The median time from the first clinical manifestation to severe AIHA was 111 days (IQR 43–450). By multivariable analysis, male sex (HR 2.26, 95% CI 1.02–4.75, p = 0.044), and higher disease activity at diagnosis (HR 1.04, 95% CI 1.01–1.08, p = 0.025) were associated with a shorter time to severe AIHA occurrence. Of the SLEDAI descriptors, only hematologic (leukopenia and/or thrombocytopenia) showed a certain trend toward significance in the multivariable analysis (HR 2.36, 95% CI 0.91–6.13, p = 0.0772). Severe AIHA contributed neither to damage nor to mortality. Conclusions Severe AIHA occurs during the early course of SLE. Male sex and higher disease activity at diagnosis emerged as independent predictors of a shorter time to severe AIHA occurrence. Although not statistically significant, hematological abnormalities at SLE diagnosis could predict the occurrence of severe AIHA in a shorter time. Damage and mortality did not seem to be impacted by the occurrence of severe AIHA.

Introduction: Public health efforts to reduce the spread of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) have been plagued by vaccine hesitancy and misinformation. Social media has contributed to spreading misinformation by creating online environments where people find information or opinions that reinforce their own. Combating misinformation online will be essential to prevent and manage the spread of COVID-19. It is of particular urgency to understand and address misinformation and vaccine hesitancy among essential workers, such as healthcare workers, because of their frequent interactions with and influence upon the general population. Using data from an online community pilot randomized controlled trial designed to increase requests for COVID-19 vaccine information among frontline essential workers, we explored the topics discussed on the online community related to COVID-19 and COVID-19 vaccination to better understand current misinformation and vaccine hesitancy. Methods: For the trial, 120 participants and 12 peer leaders were recruited through online advertisements to join a private, hidden Facebook group. The study consisted of an intervention and control arm, each with two groups of 30 randomized participants each. Peer leaders were only randomized into one of the intervention-arm groups. Peer leaders were tasked with engaging the participants throughout the study. Posts and comments of only participants were coded manually by the research team. Chi-squared tests assessed differences in the frequency and content of posts between intervention and control arms. Results: We found significant differences in the numbers of posts and comments focused on topics of general community, misinformation, and social support between intervention and control arms (6.88% vs 19.05% focused on misinformation, respectively, (P

There are two endemic species of Cichlidae in southern Central America, both found in the Pacific Slope of Eastern Panama (PSEP). One is Isthmoheros tuyrensis, which until now was presumed to be distributed in the Darien Province and the Bayano River basin. Information on distribution and ecology of I. tuyrensis is relatively scarce. In this investigation we report a new range extension for the species and provide additional morphological and ecological data. Fish were sampled using electrofishing and cast nets, in three river basins of the Panama District (Matasnillo, Juan Díaz, and Pacora) from August–September (rainy season) of 2020, February–March (dry season), and April (transition season) of 2021. Fish diversity, water quality, and physical parameters were gathered within the upper, middle, and lower portions of the three basins. This study focused on the localities where specimens of I. tuyrensis were found (i.e., Pacora river basin). The presence of the species in localities with significant anthropogenic threats results in a potential barrier for distribution, along with the possibility of extirpation due to heavy pollution – in particular from the rivers on the western side of Panama City. In addition, we note an increase in urban threat from the east of the city due to expanded development and agricultural activities. I. tuyrensis, the virtually unknown “Aveinte” in Spanish or the “Isthmian Hero”, is listed as Vulnerable by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN)’s Red List and inhabits some river basins lacking effective protection, being the only endemic fish species located in an urban basin in the Pacific of Mesoamerica. The information on distribution, morphology, and ecology provided here will contribute to a better understanding of the species’ biology and will aid the creation and implementation of management and conservation measures.

Assessing patterns of functional connectivity among amphibian demes is crucial to unravel their population dynamics and prevent their isolation and eventual extinction. Integrative studies based on direct (capture-mark-recapture) and indirect (genetic) estimates of dispersal provide robust, biologically realistic inferences on population structure and connectivity, with applications for conservation efforts. We focused on two pond-breeding amphibians with contrasting life-history traits: the short-lived, semi-arboreal Hyla molleri and the long-lived, fossorial Pelobates cultripes. We PIT-tagged 2150 individuals of both species in two ponds (Laguna and Gravera, separated by 700 m) and monitored them from 2009 to 2021 to document the frequency and spatial extent of dispersal events. In addition, we genotyped individuals from these and two additional breeding populations at a maximum distance of 5 km with 15–16 microsatellites to characterize fine-scale patterns of genetic structure. We detected dispersal events connecting Laguna and Gravera in both species, albeit at low frequencies (4.8% and 7.7% of recaptured individuals of H. molleri and P. cultripes, respectively). However, both species were capable of covering long distances, with individual accumulated displacements up to 3.5 km (Hyla) and 1.8 km (Pelobates). Breeding populations > 2 km apart were genetically differentiated, indicating lower connectivity at this spatial scale. Estimates of pairwise mmigration rates differed between species and were asymmetrical, with different ponds representing “source” populations contributing more migrants to other populations in each species. We discuss the role of differences in life history traits and ecological preferences in shaping population dynamics in the two species and highlight management implications of our results., Open Access funding provided thanks to the CRUE-CSIC agreement with Springer Nature. This study was funded by FEDER/ Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades–Agencia Estatal de Investigación, Spain, Grants CGL2017-83131-P and PID2020-116289 GB-I00. HMG has received support from Fondo Social Europeo, Programa Operativo de Empleo Juvenil (European Union,Comunidad de Madrid, PEJ-2019-AI/AMB-13486).

Although 13 species of the genus Eumops have been documented in South America, none of them had been previously reported in Chile. Based on acoustic surveys, we report here the first record of this genus for the country. Fourteen echolocation sequences of the Western mastiff bat (Eumops perotis) were recorded in the valleys of Azapa, Lluta, and Camarones in the Arica and Parinacota region, northern Chile. Echolocation calls of E. perotis can be distinguished from other bat species in the region by its lower frequency range, longer call duration, and interpulse intervals. This finding adds a new genus and species for Chile and increases the known bat diversity in the country to 17 species.

La política de defensa argentina durante los últimos tres gobiernos evidencia la existencia de concepciones opuestas sobre la defensa, pero una consecuencia común: la imposibilidad de obtener para el país una capacidad de defensa razonablemente adecuada ante los riesgos existentes. A problemas estructurales que se arrastran desde décadas en materia de estructura de personal, bajo presupuesto y consiguientes limitaciones en materia de adiestramiento del personal y equipamiento, se suman la adopción de objetivos de política de defensa incompatibles entre sí, dispersión de esfuerzos y objetivos, y demoras para la adopción de decisiones. Medidas adecuadas como la creación del FONDEF se ven esterilizadas por su empleo en adquisiciones que no contribuyen a solucionar la crítica situación que en materia de equipamiento militar afronta el país. The Argentine defense policy during the last three governments demonstrates the existence of opposing views on defense, but a common consequence: the impossibility of obtaining a reasonably adequate defense capacity for the country in the face of existing risks. Structural problems that have been going on for decades in the field of personnel structure, low budgets and, consequent limitations in the field of personnel training and equipment, are added to the adoption of incompatible defense policy objectives, dispersion of efforts and objectives, and delays for the adoption of decisions. Appropriate measures such as the creation of the FONDEF are sterilized by their use in acquisitions that do not contribute to solving the critical situation facing the country in terms of military equipment. Fil: Ugarte, José Manuel. Universidad de Buenos Aires; Argentina.

La cuestión relativa a las relaciones civiles-militares sigue teniendo importancia en Latinoamérica. En una región conformada por países con democracias en transición, en distinto grado, y cuya consolidación ha alcanzado un éxito dispar, los últimos años han presenciado una fuerte polarización política dentro de los países y entre éstos entre sí, así como una creciente tensión entre la gran potencia hemisférica y otras dos potencias extrarregionales, China y Rusia, que repercute en los países de la región, así como la decadencia de la integración regional. En ese ámbito polarizado, los países latinoamericanos procuran la consolidación del sistema democrático y la formulación y aplicación de políticas de defensa, enfrentando desafíos derivados de la situación económica que dejara la pandemia del coronavirus y del impacto económico mundial de la guerra entre Rusia y Ucrania, y, en algunos casos, de dificultades derivadas de la relación entre Fuerzas Armadas y sociedad. Se hace evidente la necesidad de aplicar en este último terreno tanto las lecciones dejadas por la experiencia propia, como las que surgen de otros países de la región, y del mundo. Palabras claves: relaciones civiles-militares, democracia, transición, lecciones aprendidas, defensa.

Purpose: To compare the load and wellness of second-team academy football players during a first-team preseason with those of first-team players and those of their previous second-team preseason. Methods: Athletic Club’s first- (n = 10) and second-team (n = 9) players were prospectively followed during the 2019–20 first- and second-team and 2020–21 first-team preseasons. Weekly external and internal loads and average wellness z-scores (fatigue, sleep quality, muscle soreness, stress, and mood) were compared between preseasons and teams. Results: While training together during the 2020–21 preseason, second-team players performed more decelerations 2 per week than first-team players (moderate effect size). For first-team players, there were only small differences between preseasons in external load, but session rating of perceived exertion was higher (moderate) and stress (moderate) and mood (large) z-scores were worse in 2020–21. For second-team players, more total distance (large), accelerations >3 m/s2 (large), and decelerations 2 (very large) were performed; total loading (moderate) and session rating of perceived exertion (moderate) were higher; and fatigue (very large) and stress (moderate) z-scores were worse during the 2020–21 first-team preseason compared to their previous second-team preseason. Conclusions: Players transitioning from the second team faced higher external and internal loads, fatigue, and stress during the first-team preseason compared to the previous second-team preseason. Player development and monitoring plans appear necessary to manage the transition from the academy to the first team.

Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis (PrEP) is a biomedical intervention to prevent HIV infection in seronegative people at high risk of becoming infected. This strategy was endorsed in October 2019 by the Spanish Ministry of Health.To present the PrEP initial experience in the HIV Unit of the Hospital Clínic of Barcelona, paying special attention to the analysis of the vulnerability factors in the cohort.Retrospective, descriptive study. The epidemiological, sociodemographic, and clinical characteristics of the users included in the program during the first year are analyzed, paying particular attention to Infections, risky practices, and substance use.190 individuals were included, 177 men and 12 trans women with a mean age of 35 years (8 SD). 70% had higher education, and half had Spanish nationality. An average of 10 couples per trimester and 60% reported unprotected anal sex. 31% had at least one positive PCR for STIs, with N. gonorrhoeae being the most prevalent microorganism (51%) and the rectal sample the most affected (21%). 63% reported chemsex use, 19% polydrug use, and 8% "slamming". Half expressed concern about consumption and/or sexual practices and 25% the need for help.The PrEP user profile attended in our Hospital Unit justifies the creation of multidisciplinary teams that allow us to provide holistic attention to the sexual life of these people.

Full list of authors: Levan, A. J.; Lamb, G. P.; Schneider, B.; Hjorth, J.; Zafar, T.; de Ugarte Postigo, A.; Sargent, B.; Mullally, S. E.; Izzo, L.; D'Avanzo, P.; Burns, E.; Fernandez, J. F. Aguei; Barclay, T.; Bernardini, M. G.; Bhirombhakdi, K.; Bremer, M.; Brivio, R.; Campana, S.; Chrimes, A. A.; D'Elia, V.; Valle, M. Della; De Pasquale, M.; Ferro, M.; Fong, W.; Fruchter, A. S.; Fynbo, J. P. U.; Gaspari, N.; Gompertz, B. P.; Hartmann, D. H.; Hedges, C. L.; Heintz, K. E.; Hotokezaka, K.; Jakobsson, P.; Kann, D. A.; Kennea, J. A.; Laskar, T.; Le Floc'h, E.; Malesani, D. B.; Melandri, A.; Metzger, B. D.; Oates, S. R.; Pian, E.; Piranomonte, S.; Pugliese, G.; Racusin, J. L.; Rastinejad, J. C.; Ravasio, M. E.; Rossi, A.; Saccardi, A.; Salvaterra, R.; Sbarufatti, B.; Starling, R. L. C.; Tanvir, N. R.; Thoene, C. C.; van der Horst, A. J.; Vergani, S. D.; Watson, D.; Wiersema, K.; Wijers, R. A. M. J.; Xu, Dong.--This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted reuse, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited., We present James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) and Hubble Space Telescope (HST) observations of the afterglow of GRB 221009A, the brightest gamma-ray burst (GRB) ever observed. This includes the first mid-IR spectra of any GRB, obtained with JWST/Near Infrared Spectrograph (0.6–5.5 micron) and Mid-Infrared Instrument (5–12 micron), 12 days after the burst. Assuming that the intrinsic spectral slope is a single power law, with Fν ∝ ν−β, we obtain β ≈ 0.35, modified by substantial dust extinction with AV = 4.9. This suggests extinction above the notional Galactic value, possibly due to patchy extinction within the Milky Way or dust in the GRB host galaxy. It further implies that the X-ray and optical/IR regimes are not on the same segment of the synchrotron spectrum of the afterglow. If the cooling break lies between the X-ray and optical/IR, then the temporal decay rates would only match a post-jet-break model, with electron index p < 2, and with the jet expanding into a uniform ISM medium. The shape of the JWST spectrum is near-identical in the optical/near-IR to X-SHOOTER spectroscopy obtained at 0.5 days and to later time observations with HST. The lack of spectral evolution suggests that any accompanying supernova (SN) is either substantially fainter or bluer than SN 1998bw, the proto-type GRB-SN. Our HST observations also reveal a disk-like host galaxy, viewed close to edge-on, that further complicates the isolation of any SN component. The host galaxy appears rather typical among long-GRB hosts and suggests that the extreme properties of GRB 221009A are not directly tied to its galaxy-scale environment. © 2023. The Author(s). Published by the American Astronomical Society., A.J.L., D.B.M., and N.R.T. are supported by the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation program (grant agreement No. 725246). G.P.L. is supported by a Royal Society Dorothy Hodgkin Fellowship (grant Nos. DHF-R1-221175 and DHF-ERE-221005). J.H. and L.I. were supported by a VILLUM FONDEN Investigator grant to JH (project No. 16599). B.D.M. acknowledges support from the National Science Foundation (grant No. AST-2002577). J.P.U.F. acknowledges support from the Carlsberg Foundation. The Cosmic Dawn Center (DAWN) is funded by the Danish National Research Foundation under grant No. 140. D.A.K. acknowledges the support by the State of Hessen within the Research Cluster ELEMENTS (Project ID 500/10.006). R.B., M.G.B., S.C., P.D.A., M.F., A.M., and S.P. acknowledge funding from the Italian Space Agency, contract ASI/INAF No. I/004/11/4. P.D.A. acknowledges support from PRIN-MIUR 2017 (grant 20179ZF5KS). J.F.A.F. acknowledges support from the Spanish Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades through the grant PRE2018-086507., With funding from the Spanish government through the "Severo Ochoa Centre of Excellence" accreditation (CEX2021-001131-S).

Resumen Introduccion La profilaxis preexposicion (PrEP) es una intervencion biomedica dirigida a prevenir la infeccion por el VIH en personas seronegativas con alto riesgo de contraer la infeccion. Esta estrategia fue aprobada por el Ministerio de Salud de Espana en octubre de 2019. Objetivo Presentar la experiencia inicial de la PrEP en la Unidad de VIH del Hospital Clinic de Barcelona, poniendo especial atencion en el analisis de los factores de vulnerabilidad de la cohorte. Materiales y metodos Estudio retrospectivo, descriptivo. Se analizan las caracteristicas epidemiologicas, sociodemograficas y clinicas basales de los usuarios incluidos en el programa durante el primer ano de funcionamiento, prestando particular atencion a las infecciones, las practicas de riesgo y el consumo de sustancias. Resultados Se incluyeron 190 individuos, 177 hombres y 12 mujeres transexuales con una edad media de 35 anos (8 DE). El 70% tenia estudios superiores y la mitad nacionalidad espanola. Informaron de tener 10 parejas de media al trimestre y el 60% de practicar sexo anal desprotegido. El 31% presento al menos una PCR positiva para ITS, siendo la N. gonorrhoeae el germen mas prevalente (51%) y la muestra rectal la mas afectada (21%). El 63% reporto el uso de chemsex, el 19% policonsumo y el 8% slamming. La mitad expreso su preocupacion por el consumo y/o practicas sexuales y un 25% la necesidad de ayuda. Conclusiones El perfil del usuario de PrEP visitado en nuestra unidad hospitalaria justifica la creacion de equipos multidisciplinares que permitan prestar una atencion holistica de la vida sexual de estas personas.

Este trabajo utiliza la metodología de análisis de redes sociales para indagar sobre la jurisprudencia civil en materia de responsabilidad de intermediarios en Argentina. Se trata de un fenómeno de litigiosidad relativamente reciente que estuvo guiado por reclamos que seguían patrones fácticos similares y que presentaron un problema novedoso a los jueces argentinos. Como no había una regulación específica debieron recurrir a viejos principios de derecho constitucional vinculados a la libertad de expresión y a principios generales del derecho civil. Con un análisis original sobre una base de datos construida alrededor de este universo de casos, este trabajo cuenta la historia de esa jurisprudencia, su evolución, los problemas que resolvió y los que dejó abiertos.

La ingesta de flúor por períodos prolongados durante la formación del esmalte produce fluorósis dental. Objetivo. El objetivo del presente trabajo es determinar factores demográficos asociados a fluorósis dental en niños y adolescentes en el departamento de La Paz. Material y Método. El estudio es transversal analítico, los participantes fueron 1393 estudiantes que fueron seleccionados aleatoriamente para ello se tomaron en cuenta 36 unidades educativas de 7 regiones del departamento de La Paz. Se realizó un levantamiento epidemiológico aplicando el índice de Dean. Resultados. La prevalencia de fluorósis dental fue del 13,6% (188), los más afectados fueron los adolescentes con un 10,7% (149), el sexo femenino tenía una prevalencia de 7,4% (103). Un 8% (112) de fluorósis dental se observó en el área rural. Según severidad, con 8 % (113) fue fluorósis discutible, muy leve 4% (51), leve 1,3% (18), moderada 0,4% (5) y severa se observó en un estudiante. Se observa una asociación estadísticamente significativa (p=0,000) entre edad y fluorósis dental. Conclusión. La fluorósis dental se considera como un problema estético y el controlarlo es una medida preventiva muy buena.

El presente estudio informa sobre el estado del arte en la aplicación de factores del enfoque de ingeniería de prototipado, a partir de estudios de caso de maquinaria fabricada por centros de investigación de la Universidad Mayor de San Simón (UMSS) en Cochabamba-Bolivia para determinar lineamientos que permitan estructurar estrategias de prototipado amplias, analíticas e intuitivas. Los centros de investigación vinculados a los estudios de casos, llevaron a cabo procesos de creación de prototipos basados en la acumulación de conocimientos prácticos de investigadores, estudiantes y técnicos. Las lecciones aprendidas del enfoque de Ingeniería de Prototipado en la UMSS muestran que, para mejorar sus estrategias de prototipado, es recomendable el uso de tipologías clave para una ingeniería eficiente: utilización de materiales y técnicas similares al diseño final, fabricación del prototipo en el centro de investigación, contar con un conjunto de subsistemas, espacios de aprendizaje inter y transdisciplinarios, inclusión de todos los componentes y funcionalidad total del equipo. El enfoque de ingeniería de prototipado fue más reactivo que sistemático. Todavía hay oportunidades para mejorar este enfoque y crear nuevos métodos, que también implicarán, el enfoque de gestión de prototipado, para explicar el impacto de las decisiones sobre los recursos de un proyecto.

This study compares father involvement, relative to the mother, in a group of Peruvian families with preschool age children. We have also sought to understand if father’s rearing history and sociodemographic characteristics are predictors of his own involvement in child related activities. Two hundred and six families participated in the study. Results showed that mothers were more involved in direct and indirect care, and fathers tended to be more involved in play. Teaching/discipline and outdoor leisure activities were shared. The models tested for paternal involvement in direct, indirect care, and outdoor leisure were significant. Father´s rearing history was a main predictor of direct care and outdoor leisure. Fathers’ perceptions of their own mothers’ care were negatively associated with their involvement in direct care; and their perceptions of their own fathers’ overprotection/control were negatively associated with fathers’ involvement in outdoor leisure. Results are discussed based on stereotypical gender-based role division in childrearing, and the modeling and compensatory hypotheses. info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion

Este artículo estudia el proceso de construcción de masculinidad de jóvenes limeños seguidores del k-pop, un género musical coreano cuya expansión ha generado un fenómeno cultural masivo. Para entender este proceso, primero se exponen los modelos y representaciones de masculinidad que los jóvenes perciben en los artistas y en la sociedad limeña para luego establecer cómo ellos se vinculan con estos modelos desde la construcción de su propia masculinidad. En ese sentido se analizó lo siguiente: a) cómo los jóvenes definen y evalúan la masculinidad de los idols del k-pop; b) cómo los jóvenes entienden el modelo de masculinidad limeña y cómo se vinculan con ella; y c) cuál es el balance que los jóvenes realizan sobre estas representaciones y, a partir de esto, cómo piensan, construyen y viven su propia masculinidad. En este estudio cualitativo y etnográfico se tuvo como criterio metodológico la aleatoriedad para la selección de los entrevistados, así como el muestreo por conveniencia y bola de nieve. Con respecto a la recopilación de información, se llevaron a cabo entrevistas semiestructuradas a profundidad.

El cáncer de mama representa un problema de salud pública debido a su frecuencia y principalmente porque el diagnóstico y tratamiento alteran la calidad de las mujeres afectadas en todas las dimensiones, representa la primera causa de muerte por cualquier tipo de cáncer en la población femenina y su pronóstico depende fundamentalmente de la extensión o de la etapa de la enfermedad en la que se diagnostique y del subtipo tumoral. La detección del carcinoma ductal in situ es la evidencia de que los programas de salud pública son efectivos; ya que este estadio es curable, he aquí la importancia de realizar este estudio, a fin de determinar la cantidad de pacientes que llegan en estadios precoces, que podrían ser beneficiadas de tratamientos menos cruentos pero curativos. Se realizó un estudio descriptivo, retrospectivo, de corte trasversal a fin de determinar la frecuencia de carcinoma ductal in situ en pacientes con diagnóstico de cáncer de mama del Servicio de Mastología del HNI del 2012 al 2019. Se encontró un total de 24 pacientes con dicho diagnóstico, que correspondió al 3,1% del total de cánceres diagnosticados. En su mayoría provenientes del Departamento Central, de aproximadamente 50 años, sin antecedentes patológicos familiares ni personales de valor, con patrón histológico de alto grado con comedoconecrosis y receptores hormonales positivos; la mitad recibió tratamiento conservado, y la restante, mastectomía; el 20,83% de las pacientes recibió tratamiento reconstructivo inmediato. Es destacable el bajo porcentaje de detección en estadios precoces del cáncer de mama en nuestro medio.

La enfermedad de Chagas, también llamada tripanosomiasis americana, enfermedad potencialmente mortal causada por el parásito protozoo Trypanosoma cruzi. Los principales vectores son insectos de la especie triatominos, siendo el principal vector en América del Sur el Triatoma infestans. Según la OPS/OMS, esta enfermedad constituye uno de los principales problemas de salud pública en diversos países, principalmente en América Latina. Clínicamente se reconocen 3 etapas de la enfermedad; la inicial o aguda que es de corta duración y está separada por una etapa asintomática indeterminada para luego entrar poco a poco en la etapa crónica la que generalmente aparece tardíamente. Las lesiones se producen principalmente en el miocardio y vísceras presentando los enfermos crónicos hasta un 30 % alteraciones cardiacas y un 10 % alteraciones digestivas, neurológicas o combinadas. El objetivo del estudio Determinar la prevalencia de enfermedad de Chagas en gestantes estudiadas en el HRP periodo 2020 al 2021. Se realizó un estudio descriptivo, retrospectivo transversal. La población constituida por 7.160 embarazadas que acudieron al Hospital Regional de Pilar en el servicio de Gineco-Obstetricia en los años 2020-2021. La muestra estuvo conformada por 45 embarazadas estudiadas en un hospital público del departamento Ñeembucu de Paraguay, 14 (31%) representa la prevalencia de Chagas en embarazadas. Entre los datos sociodemográficos observamos que la edad promedio de las gestantes que consultaron es de 29 años, 38(84%) del área Rural. Factor de Riesgo 31(68%) no presenta factor de riesgo y 7(16%) presenta Hipertensión Arterial, 35(78%) se realizó el estudio en el tercer trimestre

El cáncer cervicouterino es un importante problema de salud pública que se presenta en mujeres en edad reproductiva, y es la causa de hasta un 50% de todas las defunciones por neoplasia en la mujer. Cada año fallecen cerca de 233000 mujeres por esta causa en países en desarrollo, afecta a todas las poblaciones del mundo y ocupa la segunda causa de muerte en países subdesarrollados. Entre los factores de riesgo para este tipo de cáncer encontramos una correlación lineal con la actividad sexual, mujeres que inician la misma antes de los 17 años, la multiparidad, el hábito tabáquico, el uso de anticonceptivos orales por largos periodos, entre otros. El objetivo del estudio fue determinar la incidencia de las usuarias gestantes y no gestantes estudiadas en el Hospital Regional de Pilar de Enero a Diciembre de 2021. Se realizó un estudio retrospectivo, descriptivo de corte transversal, en la que la población estuvo constituida por todas las pacientes que acudieron a dicho nosocomio en los servicios de ginecología, planificación familiar, prenatal y archivo general. De 350 fichas analizadas se registraron 157 casos de mujeres que presentaron cáncer cervicouterino, en cuanto a los datos sociodemográficos la edad promedio fue de 21 años y la menarca un promedio de 13 años. De acuerdo a la citología el 93% de las usuarias dieron un resultado negativo. En cuanto a la paridad 15% de ellas eran primíparas. De los métodos anticonceptivos utilizados el 76% no utilizaban ningún método solo el 8% utilizaban el preservativo.

Objective: To determine the association between race/ethnicity and COVID-19 outcomes in individuals with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE).Methods: Individuals with SLE from the United States with data entered into the COVID-19 Global Rheumatology Alliance (GRA) registry between 24 March 2020 and 27 August 2021 were included. Variables included age, sex, race and ethnicity (White, Black, Hispanic, other), comorbidities, disease activity, pandemic time period, glucocorticoid dose, antimalarials, and immunosuppressive drug use. The ordinal outcome categories were: not hospitalized, hospitalized with no oxygenation, hospitalized with any ventilation or oxygenation, and death. We constructed ordinal logistic regression models evaluating the relationship between race/ethnicity and COVID-19 severity, adjusting for possible confounders.Results: We included 523 patients; 486 (90.7%) were female and the mean age was 46.6 (SD: 14.0) years. Three hundred and fifty-eight (74.6%) patients were not hospitalized; 40 (8.3%) patients were hospitalized without oxygen, 64 (13.3%) patients were hospitalized with any oxygenation and 18 (3.8%) died. In a multivariable model, Black [OR=2.73 (1.36-5.53)] and Hispanic [OR=2.76 (1.34-5.69)] individuals had higher odds of more severe outcomes than White individuals. Conclusions: Black and Hispanic individuals with SLE experienced more severe COVID-19 outcomes, which is consistent with findings in the US general population. These results likely reflect socioeconomic and health disparities and suggest that more aggressive efforts are needed to prevent and treat infection in this population.

Epílogo. A las que zarandean. Reflexiones sobre un proceso colectivo de escritura y acompañamiento

Privacy is a booming sector and there is an increasing number of limitations that hinder the centralization of data coming from different sources. Nowadays, having data provides value and an advantage over the rest, since it allows the performance of a wider and more generalizable analysis. Secure Multiparty Computation (SMPC) is a cryptographic technique that allows performing computations with data from different parties while maintaining the privacy of the data and avoiding centralization. This work focuses on the SCALE-MAMBA framework for conducting SMPC and the main objective is its validation in terms of types of operations, the accuracy of the results and execution times. A use case that is directly related to the industry is used, consisting of a manufacturer who wants to implement predictive maintenance on a machine whose data is collected by different users. Two types of scenarios are presented in order to analyze the results, obtaining different conclusions for each of them. On the one hand, the first scenario collects the use cases in which the aim is to compute statistics or simple calculations with data in common. On the other hand, the second scenario focuses on the training of Machine Learning (ML) algorithms. The original contribution of this work includes the implementation of these codes within the Mamba language, their application to concrete data, and the comparison of the results with those that would be obtained by performing it in an insecure way, centralizing the data, and using R or Python. The major limitations encountered are around execution times, which might be acceptable for many use cases in the first scenario, but are prohibitive for many of the techniques used in real ML training. Keywords: cryptography, security, privacy, predictive maintenance, Privacy-Preserving Computation, Privacy-enhancing technologies, Secure Multiparty Computation, SCALE-MAMBA, machine learning, data analysis, prediction, classification, accuracy, efficiency.

El presente texto surge de un programa de investigación en procesos de psicoterapia cuyo principal objetivo es contribuir a comprender y cambiar el significado intersubjetivo que implica malestar y/o desregulación psicológica, y que denominamos Tema Intersubjetivo Disfuncional. Concretamente, abordamos lo siguiente: a) se plantea un modelo de formulación de caso con sello evolucionista que esencialmente emerge de la investigación cualitativa de procesos psicoterapéuticos completos, relaciona e integra lo nomotético e idiográfico y lo paradigmático y narrativo, b) se describe el protocolo de formulación de caso evolucionista (FCE) compuesto de tres secciones: Formulación de Caso_Evaluación, Formulación de Caso_Intervención y Entrevista de Valoración de Proceso, y c) se presenta un caso clínico que ejemplifica la elaboración de la conceptualización inicial, utilizando el FCE_Evaluación.

IntroductionVaccine hesitancy is still rampant in the United States, including health care personnel. Vaccination of frontline essential workers (e.g. health care workers) is very important, especially during a pandemic. We tested the efficacy of a 4-week online, peer-led intervention (Harnessing Online Peer Education) to promote requests for COVID-19 vaccine information among essential workers.MethodsParticipants (N = 120) and peer leaders (N = 12) were recruited through online advertisements from July 23 to August 20, 2021. Eligibility criteria included: 18 years or older, U.S. resident, English speaker, part of phase 1a or 1 b of COVID-19 vaccine rollout (e.g. frontline essential workers), hadn't received a COVID-19 vaccine but able to receive one. This was a parallel assignment randomised trial. STATA was used to create a randomisation using a random number generator so that all possible assignments of participants and peer leaders to groups were equally likely. Participants were randomly assigned to intervention or control arms that consisted of two private, hidden Facebook groups, each with 30 participants. Peer leaders were randomly assigned to an intervention group, each with six peer leaders. Participants in the intervention arm were randomly assigned to three peer leaders. Participants were blinded after assignment. Peer leaders were tasked with reaching out to their assigned participants at least three times each week. Participants completed a baseline and a post intervention survey. The study is registered on ClinicalTrials.org under identifier NCT04376515 and is no longer recruiting. This work was supported by the NIAID under grant 5R01AI132030-05.ResultsA total of 101 participants analysed (50 intervention and 51 control). Six people in the intervention group and 0 people in the control group requested vaccine information. Ten people in the intervention group and six people in the control group provided proof of vaccination. The odds of requesting vaccine information in the intervention group was 13 times that in the control group (95% confidence interval: (1.5, 1772), p-value = 0.015). Thirty-seven participants in the intervention group and 31 in the control group were engaged at some point during the study.ConclusionsResults suggest peer-led online community groups may help to disseminate health information, aid public health efforts, and combat vaccine hesitancy. Key MessagesThe odds of requesting vaccine information was 13 times in the intervention group.Peer-led online communities may help to disseminate information and aid public health efforts to combat vaccine hesitancy.

Objective. To evaluate the association between the Systemic Lupus International Collaborating Clinics frailty index (SLICC-FI) and damage accrual in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients.Methods. Patients from the multiethnic, multicenter LUpus in MInorities, NAture versus nurture (LUMINA) cohort were included. Damage was ascertained with the SLICC/American College of Rheumatology Damage Index (SDI) at last visit (range 0-51). The first visit in which the SLICC-FI score could be derived was considered as the baseline (range 0-1). Univariable and multivariable negative binomial regression models were performed to determine the association between the baseline SLICC-FI score (per 0.05 increase) and the change in the SDI score (difference between last and baseline SDI score), adjusted for sex, age at diagnosis, ethnicity, insurance, prednisone daily dose, and antimalarial and immunosuppressive drug use at baseline. Age and sex were included a priori in the multivariable model; the other variables were included if they reached P < 0.10 in the univariable models.Results. Of the 503 patients included, 454 (90.3%) were female, with a mean +/- SD age of 37.1 +/- 12.5 years at diagnosis. The mean +/- SD baseline SLICC-FI score was 0.26 +/- 0.06. The mean +/- SD baseline SDI score was 0.6 +/- 1.0, and the mean +/- SD change in the SDI score was 1.9 +/- 2.2. Higher SLICC-FI scores at baseline (per 0.05 increase) were associated with greater damage accrual in the multivariable model after adjustment for possible confounders (incidence rate ratio 1.20 [95% confidence interval 1.08-1.33], P = 0.0015).Conclusion. The SLICC-FI is associated with damage accrual in SLE patients from a multiethnic cohort, supporting the importance of this index in the evaluation of SLE patients, combining several aspects of their disease.

Appropriate antimicrobial therapy is one of the essential strategies in the global control of gonorrhea. We sought to determine the provider compliance with provincial treatment guidelines for gonococcal infections in Alberta, Canada, and to identify characteristics associated with provider noncompliance. A retrospective population-based analysis of gonorrhea treatment from January 1, 2000, to December 31, 2019, using data extracted from a communicable disease database was performed. Prevalence ratios were calculated for provider compliance to treatment guidelines of patient, infection, and treating provider characteristics. We identified a total of 42,875 cases of gonorrhea, 58.3% were men, 40.3% were White, 28.2% were First Nations, and 16% were “unknown ethnicity.” Most cases were treated by family physicians (43.4%), sexually transmitted infection (STI) clinics (31.9%) and urgent care centers/hospitals (10%). Overall, there was 80.3% provider compliance with treatment guidelines. Provider compliance to treatment guidelines had the highest rates of compliance when treatment was provided by STI nurses in correctional facilities, STI clinics, and treatment of men having sex with men (94.7%, 91.7%, and 87.5%, respectively). Provider compliance to treatment guidelines was lowest when treating women (75.5%), pregnancy status (68.4), individuals of “unknown race/ethnicity” (74.8%), and those treated in urgent care centers and emergency department (66.7%). Delivery of STI care by nurse-led models had the highest level of compliance with treatment guidelines. Our study informs areas for targeted interventions to improve the uptake of treatment guidelines, including the provision of treatment in urgent care centers and among women.

El Lupus Eritematoso Sistémico (LES) es una enfermedad autoinmune inflamatoria crónica que tiene como uno de sus síntomas más frecuentes la fatiga. La etiología de ésta es multifactorial, existen factores relacionados a la propia enfermedad, estilos de vida, comorbilidades y tratamiento que están asociados. Asimismo, se cuenta con diversos factores para poder medirla, siendo los instrumentos más utilizados: Escala Análoga Visual (EVA), “Krupp Fatigue Severity Scale” (FSS) y el “Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy Fatigue” (FACIT-Fatigue). El impacto de la fatiga en el paciente con LES es importante ya que repercute en su calidad de vida.

Background/Purpose APS ACTION Registry was created to study the outcomes of patients with persistently positive antiphospholipid antibodies (aPL) with or without other systemic autoimmune disease (SAIDx). Given that immunosuppression (IS) is used for certain aPL manifestations, for example, thrombocytopenia (TP), our primary objective was to describe the indications for IS in aPL-positive patients without other SAIDx. Secondly, we report the type of IS used in patients with selected microvascular or non-thrombotic aPL manifestations. Methods An online database is used to collect clinical data. The inclusion criteria are positive aPL based on the laboratory section of the APS Classification Criteria, tested at least twice within one year prior to enrollment. Patients are followed every 12 ± 3 months. For this descriptive retrospective and prospective analysis, we included aPL-positive patients without other SAIDx and excluded those with new SAIDx classification during follow-up. For each patient, we retrieved clinical data at baseline and follow-up including selected aPL manifestations (diffuse alveolar hemorrhage [DAH], antiphospholipid-nephropathy [aPL-N], livedoid vasculopathy [LV]-related skin ulcers, TP, autoimmune hemolytic anemia [AIHA], cardiac valve disease [VD]), and IS medications. Results Of 899 patients enrolled, 537 were included in this analysis (mean age 45 ± 13 years, female 377 [70%], APS Classification in 438 [82%], and at least one selected microvascular or non-thrombotic aPL manifestation in 141 (26%)). Of 537 patients, 76 (14%) were reported to use IS (ever), and 41/76 (54%) received IS primarily for selected aPL manifestation. In six of 8 (75%) DAH patients, 6/19 (32%) aPL-N, 4/28 (14%) LV, 25/88 (28%) TP, 6/11 (55%) AIHA, and 1/43 (2%) VD, the IS (excluding corticosteroids/hydroxychloroquine) indication was specific for selected aPL manifestation. Conclusion In our international cohort, 14% of aPL-positive patients without other SAIDx were reported to receive IS; the indication was at least one of the selected microvascular and/or non-thrombotic aPL-related manifestations in half. Thrombocytopenia was the most frequent among those selected aPL-related manifestations; however, approximately one-third received IS specifically for that indication. Diffuse alveolar hemorrhage was frequently treated with IS followed by AIHA and aPL-N. Systematic controlled studies are urgently needed to better define the role of IS in APS.

Este texto trata de reflexionar sobre los procesos de subjetivación y sujeción alrededor de la categoría de víctima y de ciudadanía en dos contextos muy diferentes, como son España y Colombia, a partir de la puesta en diálogo de dos viñetas etnográficas. A partir de dichas viñetas y del diálogo comparativo que generan, se plantea superar la dicotomía binaria ciudadano Vs víctima y los imaginarios hegemónicos que les suelen ser otorgados desde la literatura jurídica, filosófica y social a cada uno, para describir la densidad y la ambivalencia social que se dan en los procesos locales en donde se muestra que se dan ires y venires entre ambas categorías de los que conviene dar cuenta.

El texto introduce los trabajos presentados en el workshop, con título similar a este artículo, celebrado en septiembre de 2020 en el IISJ. El objetivo del encuentro fue tratar de problematizar la vida social de la Justicia Transicional, a partir de una mirada transdisciplinar que priorizase los procesos locales y permitiese dar cuenta de la proliferación de realidades sociales que tejen y arman los marcos normativos de la Verdad, Justicia, Reparación y Garantías de no repetición cuando aterrizan y se vertebran en los contextos concretos y bajo formas de subjetivación y sujeción singulares en cada caso.