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Purpose: To evaluate and compare the p53 gene expression in pterygia excised from natives of high and low altitudes. Methods: This prospective randomised interventional study, including 40 eyes (40 pterygia) of 40 patients, was conducted at our tertiary care institute for a period of 21 months. Patients admitted indoors were randomly selected for the study. Pterygium excision with conjunctival autografting was the standard procedure done. Pterygia and controls (normal conjunctiva) excised from both high (≥ 1500 m) and low altitude (< 1500 m) groups were analyzed immunohistochemically for p53 gene expression. Results: Overall, 29 (72.5%) pterygium specimens stained positive for p53 gene expression (p-value = 0.0001). 15 (75%) pterygia from high altitude (p-value = 0.0002) and 14 (70%) pterygia from low altitude group (p-value = 0.0003) stained p53 positive. Mean mutant p53 immunoreactivity was 31.03 ± 18.19%. However, the difference in incidence of p53 positivity (p-value = 1) or mean p53 immunoreactivity (p-value = 0.53) between the two study groups was not significant. All normal conjunctiva specimens stained p53 negative. Conclusions: Notwithstanding the difference in ultraviolet irradiation, the altitudinal variation in p53 gene expression in pterygium was found insignificant in our study. However, significantly high rate of mutant p53 positivity suggests pterygium to be a disorder of cell proliferation. Despite remaining unaffected by altitude, such alarmingly high incidence of p53 positivity warrants further randomised multicentric studies to rule out pterygium premalignancy and to investigate other possible mechanism(s) of p53 mutation in pterygium, besides those mediated by ultraviolet radiation. Keywords: ; ; , .

The statistical analysis of gathered of astronomical objects (such as open cluster) are excellent tools to compute its parameters and to constrain the theory of its evolution. Here, we are represented detailed structural and membership analysis of an open cluster NGC 1960 through various statistical formulas and approaches. King empirical methods provide the information about the cluster extent as 5.2 +/- 0.4 pc. The exact identification of members of cluster is needed to precise estimation of its age, reddening, metallicity etc., therefore, to identify most probable members (MPMs), we adopted the combined approach of various statistical methods (kinematic, photometric and statistical) and 712 members are satisfied needed criteria of MPMs. The basic physical parameters of the cluster such as E(B-V)=0.23+/-0.02 mag, E(V-K)=1.05+/-0.03mag, log(Age)=7.35+/-0.05, and (m-M)=11.35+/-0.10 mag are obtained using the color-color and color-magnitude diagrams. NGC 1960 is found to be located at a distance of 1.34 +/- 0.03 kpc. Using the archival proper motion catalogues, we estimate mean proper motions of NGC 1960 as 0.83+/-0.26 mas yr-1 and -6.55+/-0.23 mas yr-1 in the direction of RA and DEC, respectively., Comment: 7pages, 7figures in Mathematical sciences International research Journal, 2015, 4

The radial density profile (RDP) of cluster DOLIDZE 14 provides the radius of 9.8 arcmin, it is based on consideration of first plateau region of RDP. This value is less than the radius which comes through consideration of the second plateau region. The stars, which are inside of the cluster radius, are used to estimate the distance-modulus and E(I-R) by fitting theoretical isochrone on the colour-magnitude diagram (CMD). The best fitted stellar isochrone of solar matellacity provides these values as 11.15 mag and 0.25 mag, respectively. These results are used to estimate the mass-function slope of the cluster, which comes to be different that of Salpeter-Value. The enhancement of brighter stars does not found within the cluster region which indicates its old age. The Mass-Segregation phenomena of cluster is found between massive and lighter stars but not found in fainter stars, having magnitude greater than 15 mag in I-band. The relaxation-time is very little in the comparison of its age. The mean proper motion of cluster's radial zones is found to be high in the comparison of field region (12.77-15.18 arcmin). This is indicative of weak-gravitational bond among the stars of the cluster., Comment: conference. PCME-2015 (ISBN: 978-81-930585-8-9)

This paper discusses the Bayesian reliability analysis for the two-parameter exponential distribution on the basis of the life tests that are terminated after a pre assigned number of failures, when the prior distribution of the location parameter, given the scale, is assumed to be exponential, while the scale parameter is assumed to have an inverse Gaussian prior distribution. The usual assumption of the squared error loss function is also made. A situation dealing with attribute life testing is also considered., Statistica; Vol 52, No 1 (1992)

The human TAX-1 gene encodes a Mr 135,000 glycoprotein that is transiently expressed on the surface of a subset of neurons during development and is involved in neurite outgrowth. The TAX-1 gene has been mapped to a region on chromosome 1 that has been implicated in microcephaly and the Van der Woude syndrome. Using restriction landmark genome scanning to search for amplified genes in gliomas, we found TAX-1 to be amplified in 2 high-grade gliomas among a group of 26 gliomas investigated. Real-time reverse transcription-quantitative PCR analysis detected high levels of TAX-1 mRNA in glial tumors, even in the absence of TAX-1 gene amplification. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed abundant levels of TAX-1 in neoplastic glial cells of glioblastoma multiforme tumors. Because glial tumors are highly invasive and in view of the role of TAX-1 in neurite outgrowth, we investigated the potential role of TAX-1 in glioma cell migration. Using an in vitro assay, we found that the migration of glioma tumor cells is profoundly reduced in the presence of either an anti-TAX-1 antibody or a TAX-1 antisense oligonucleotide. Our findings suggest that TAX-1 plays a role in glial tumorigenesis and may provide a potential target for therapeutic intervention.

Food borne trematodes (FBTs) are an assemblage of platyhelminth parasites transmitted through the food chain, four of which are recognized as neglected tropical diseases (NTDs). Fascioliasis stands out among the other NTDs due to its broad and significant impact on both human and animal health, as Fasciola sp., are also considered major pathogens of domesticated ruminants. Here we present a reference genome sequence of the common liver fluke, Fasciola hepatica isolated from sheep, complementing previously reported isolate from cattle. A total of 14,642 genes were predicted from the 1.14 GB genome of the liver fluke. Comparative genomics indicated that F. hepatica Oregon and related food-borne trematodes are metabolically less constrained than schistosomes and cestodes, taking advantage of the richer millieux offered by the hepatobiliary organs. Protease families differentially expanded between diverse trematodes may facilitate migration and survival within the heterogeneous environments and niches within the mammalian host. Surprisingly, the sequencing of Oregon and Uruguay F. hepatica isolates led to the first discovery of an endobacteria in this species. Two contigs from the F. hepatica Oregon assembly were joined to complete the 859,205 bp genome of a novel Neorickettsia endobacterium (nFh) closely related to the etiological agents of human Sennetsu and Potomac horse fevers. Immunohistochemical studies targeting a Neorickettsia surface protein found nFh in specific organs and tissues of the adult trematode including the female reproductive tract, eggs, the Mehlis’ gland, seminal vesicle, and oral suckers, suggesting putative routes for fluke-to-fluke and fluke-to-host transmission. The genomes of F. hepatica and nFh will serve as a resource for further exploration of the biology of F. hepatica, and specifically its newly discovered trans-kingdom interaction with nFh and the impact of both species on disease in ruminants and humans., Author Summary This report presents novel findings revealing (a) the genome sequence of the food-borne trematode Fasciola hepatica (the liver fluke) isolated from sheep, which stands out among neglected tropical diseases due to its zoonotic impact on both human and animal health and (b) the first instance (and the genome) of the rickettsial endobacterium of the genus Neorickettsia in F. hepatica. Using stage-specific gene expression data, we identified liver fluke proteins likely involved in host-parasite interactions, and using immunolocalization, we confirmed Neorickettsia in organs and tissues of the adult trematode. The presence of the bacteria in fluke reproductive tissues and eggs suggests a possible mechanism for vertical transmission, and the presence of bacteria in the oral sucker used to anchor flukes to the lining of the biliary tract suggests a potential mechanism for horizontal transmission to the mammalian host. This is of interest because related Neorickettsia cause severe, even deadly, illness in a variety of species, including humans. This is the first report to localize Neorickettsia endobacteria within the tissues of adult F. hepatica. The discoveries in our manuscript have wide impact for the fields of both the pathophysiology and evolution of Fasciola and related FBTs, and the transmission strategies of Neorickettsia.