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This study examines the transformation of the Turkish defence industry between the years 1834 and 1950, defining periods to reveal the structure and conditions of the industry over that time. We identify the first period, which took place from 1834 to 1923, as one of "Moderniza-tion efforts and import dependency"; in this period, modernization efforts began and state in-itiatives introduced the steam engine to the Turkish defence industry. Activities undertaken during this period met with limited success, and towards the end of the century, the defence industry became completely dependent on imports. We identify the second period, which took place between the years 1923 and 1950, as one of "Domestic production efforts"; in this peri-od, especially in Ataturk's time (1923-1938), Turkey sought to establish local industry and an industrialist class with close ties to the state. That industrial policy came to an end following British military aid, World War II, and Turkey's entry to NATO. WOS:000886284800001 Q4

President Joe Biden recognized atrocities committed against Armenians as the Armenian Genocide in his statement on Armenian Genocide Remembrance Day (24 April 2021). The statement represents a watershed moment in US-Turkey relations. President Tayyip Erdogan can address US and international concerns prior to the Biden-Erdogan summit on the margin of June’s NATO meeting, or he can double down and intensify repression against Turkey’s ethnic and religious minorities. Erdogan’s course will define international relations prior to the centennial of the founding of the Turkish republic in 2023.

Çalışmanın amacı, dezavantajlı grup olan işsiz kadınların, aynı zamanda dezavantajlı grup olan yaşlılara sağlık hizmetleri için verilen teorik ve pratik eğitimleri proje kapsamında değerlendirmektir. 2013-2014 yıllarında Şahinbey Gaziantep Valiliği Sosyal Yardım Vakfı işbirliğiyle “Yaşlım ve hastam SODES ile emin ellerde” Türkiye Cumhuriyeti Kalkınma Bakanlığı Sosyal Destek Programı (SODES) Projesine 100 katılımcı kayıt oldu. Eğitim öncesi ve sonrasında katılımcılara demografik özellikler, yaşlı bakımı ve uygulamaları, ilk yardım ile ilgili anket uygulandı. Verilerin analizinde Wilcoxon, Mann Whitney U, Kruskal Wallis testleri ve Spearman Korelasyon Analizi kullanıldı. p, The aim of the study is to evaluate the theoretical and practical training given to the unemployed women who are disadvantaged group for the health care of the elder people who are also disadvantaged group, within the scope of the project. Hundred participants registered in the Social Support Program (SODES) Project of Turkısh Republic Ministry of Development. Proje name is “My elderly and my patient are in safe hands with SODES” in cooperation with Social Assistance Foundation of Sahinbey Gaziantep Governorship's Office in 2013-2014. Surveys related to demographic features, elderly care applications and first aid were applied to participants before and after trainings. Wilcoxon, Mann Whitney U, Kruskal Wallis tests and Spearman Correlation Analysis were used. p

The history of official relations between the US and Turkey dates back to the Treaty of Commerce and Navigation signed between the two states in 1830. These relations between the two states had sho...

This study was carried out to determine the relevant skills and qualifications of future physical education teachers in the education system of the Turkish Republic. To determine the qualifications and professional training of future teachers of the specialty "Physical Education and Sports", which form the basis of the article, a study was conducted "Teacher's Abilities" (Karacaoglu, 2008). The study involved respondents from different cities with different income and social status. These are Ankara, the capital of Turkey, Istanbul, the largest city in the world, Bayburt and Denizli with a medium economy, and Gumushane, a low-income city with a total of 408 graduates in Physical Education and Sports. The scientific article presents the results of a survey of students participating in the research. The collected data were analyzed in SPSS software, tabulated and analyzed.

The goal of this study was to look at the perspectives of administrators at public and private secondary and high schools in the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus on the use of technology in education. To adequately study this topic, a qualitative method was used with semi-structured interview questions as the data-gathering technique. The study's participants were 34 administrators who worked during the Spring semester of the 2020-2021 academic year. These individuals were chosen at random from the several schools that volunteered to take part in this study. "Zoom and Google Meet" applications were used to conduct the interviews with the participants. This study included more females than males, with the bulk of participants coming from public schools. According to the findings, the majority of students took part in visual tracking Slide Share presentations. Finally, the data revealed certain benefits of using technology, such as quick learning and access to materials, as well as some drawbacks. Regarding the drawbacks, most participants called for an increase in the standard of student assessment. Teachers may be skeptical of the feedback they receive during evaluations that are not done on camera. Keywords: Administrators, feedback, technology usage, education.

This paper explores football as a national security threat for the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus (TRNC). It reveals how a 2013 FIFA (Federation Internationale de Football Association) initiative to reunify the Greek-Cypriot and the Turkish-Cypriot football associations failed to reach its target because it was considered an imminent threat to TRNC’s national security. The substance of the threat according to the country’s leaders was that international football recognition via a Turkish-Cypriot’s membership to the Greek-Cypriot football association would imply their submission to Greek-Cypriot institutions when the nationalist line calls for a struggle to independently gain full international recognition in both sports and politics.

In the study, it has been tried to determine the dimensions of seasonal female and child labor employed in cotton agriculture in Mardin province and the factors that are effective in the seasonal agricultural workers working in cotton harvesting themselves and their children. For this purpose, the data obtained by face-to-face interviews with 150 seasonal female workers in the cotton-producing villages of Mardin province were determined by simple random sampling method. It was used in the analysis of the probit model with the LIMDEP statistical program. In the study, according to the results of the CART analysis, it was determined that the most important factor affecting the annual income level of female working in the cotton harvest is the annual working period and the education level of the children. In the probit model, which predicts whether female working in the cotton harvest business have children under the age of 18, the employee's nationality other than the Turkish Republic, the number of children under the age of 18 working in the cotton harvest business, and the probability of the children of those with social security other than SSI (green card, etc.) increases, the probability of being married decreases. It can be suggested that female working in the cotton harvest in Mardin and their children under the age of 18 can become SSI employees, raise their living standards, and improve social, accommodation and nutrition education conditions.

Women’s participation in politics has been one of the most controversial issues in Turkey since the establishment of Turkish Republic. While the young Republic was proud of enfranchising women even...

PurposePorts are the key elements of maritime transportation, which is crucial for world trade. Approximately 180 port facilities are located in Turkey. After 2007, 5 of the ports, which are formerly owned by Turkish Republic Railways Administration (TRRA), are privatized. The aim of the study is to evaluate the performance of these privatized ports by multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) approach.Design/methodology/approachThe application process is performed by a MCDM model. This model includes both criteria (dry bulk, liquid bulk, general cargo, container, RO-RO capacity, total port area, total berth, total berths length and depth) and alternatives (Mersin, Samsun, Bandirma, Iskenderun and Derince Ports). It determines the weights of the criteria by entropy and ranks the alternatives by ARAS and Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) methods.FindingsThe results of entropy, ARAS and TOPSIS methods are compared. According to these results, “container” is the most important criteria while Mersin port has the best performance.Originality/valueIn the literature, most of the studies about this subject were analyzed by data envelopment analysis (DEA) and there are no studies had been taken into consideration ports that are owned by TRRA, in Turkey. Moreover, few of these studies used integrated MCDM models, and this is the first study that integrates entropy, ARAS and TOPSIS methods in this field.

Bu araştırma, Kuzey Kıbrıs Türk Cumhuriyeti yazılı basınında çocuk içerikli gazete haberlerini, çocuk hakları ve çocukluk imajları doğrultusunda incelemeyi amaçlamaktadır. Araştırmada durum çalışması deseni kullanılmıştır. Araştırmanın örneklemini; Kuzey Kıbrıs Türk Cumhuriyeti’nde günlük olarak yayınlanan ve siyasi bir partiye ait olmayan 8 gazete oluşturmaktadır. Gazetelerin incelenmesinde doküman inceleme yöntemi kullanılmıştır. Verilerin analizinde, içerik analizi ve çocukluk imajlarının analizinde betimsel analiz yöntemi kullanılmıştır. Araştırmanın bulgularına göre, incelenen gazetelerde en fazla adli türdeki haberler bulunmuştur. Çocukların, istismar, ihmal gibi olumsuz durumlarda genellikle mağdur ve kurban temsilleri ile sunuldukları saptanmıştır. Çocuk Hakları Sözleşmesi’nde yer alan katılım hakkının, çoğu haberde görmezden gelindiği ve çocukların kendilerini ilgilendiren haber içeriklerine katılımlarının olmadığı sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. Çocukların korunma haklarına yönelik çok fazla olumsuz haber elde edilmiştir. Çocukluk imajlarına göre çocukların en fazla ‘masum’ ve ‘kurban’ imajları ile sunuldukları saptanmıştır. Elde edilen bulgular, literatür desteği ile tartışılmıştır. Çalışma, toplumdaki bütün bireylere öneriler ile son bulmuştur.

The Turkish Republic has been undergoing a plethora of changes since the Justice and Development Party (Adalet ve Kalkinma Partisi, AKP) came to power in 2002. These changes have steadily increased...

This article is devoted to activities of the prominent figure of the global and Turkey’s Crimean diaspora, statesmen and politician, Ahmet Ihsan Kirimli (1920-2011) to unite Turkey’s Crimean diaspora, to institutionalize the diaspora’s movement, to create conditions for an effectual support for the repatriation process of the Qirimli nation from the former places of the exile to their historical Motherland – Crimea by the Crimean associations of Turkey at the end of 20 century. His role and contribution to processes to restore the Qirimli’s rights and freedoms, to revive their culture, language and education have been evaluated too. Also it have been studied little known in Ukraine historical facts on A.I. Kirimli’s cooperation with the World Ukrainian diaspora and his activities to develop fruitful relations between the independent Ukraine and the Turkish Republic. Using his hugh prestige of the former lawmaker and minister, he managed to unite various associations and establish the powerful and influential umbrella organization of the Crimean centres in Turkey at the end of the 1980s. However, the principal accomplishment of A.I. Kirimli, as the Chairman of the General Centre of the Association of Culture and Mutual Aid of the Crimean Turks, in the first place, he reversed the direction of the Crimean associations’ activity: not to meet their own needs and wishes, as to learn the folklore or conduct entertainments, but, to work for the sake the assistance for their own nation and the historical Motherland. Moreover, A.I. Kirimli made a significant contribution to develop the Turkish-Ukrainian relations as the head of the Turkish-Ukrainian friendship association. At the present time, the Association of Culture and Mutual Aid of the Crimean Turks is continuing to work based on the principles of A.I. Kirimli as a bridge between our countries.

This study aimed to examine the relationship between the level of self-disclosure of university students in their loving relationships and their loving style. The research was conducted at the Faculty of Education of a private university in the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus in the 2019-2020 school year. This research is a descriptive study based on the relational screening model with a total of 186 students, 135 women and 51 men, selected with appropriate sampling method. The Self-Disclosure Scale was used to measure the level of self-disclosure of students, the Attitudes to Love Scale-Short Form to measure their attitudes towards love and the form of personal information elaborated by the researcher for demographic characteristics. As a result of the findings obtained in the study, there was no significant difference in the level of self-disclosure in the students' loving relationships in relation to demographic characteristics. It was found that there was a significant difference in the subdimension of affective love according to the frequency of the encounter with the partner and the subdimension of love.

The article highlights a little-studied problem – the history of the formation and current situation of the nogai diaspora in the republic of Turkey, which arose as a result of the migration waves of nogai societies from the territories of the North Caucasus and the Northern Black Sea region from the end of the XVIII century to the beginning of the XX century. The relevance of the study is due to the complexity and inconsistency of the topic of russian-turkish relations and their influence on the causes and nature of the migrations of the nogai to the territory of the Ottoman empire, which laid the foundation for the formation of the foreign nogai diaspora. The relevance of this study also lies in the absence of generalizing publications on this topic. The article presents the periodization of the nogai exodus to the Ottoman empire, which makes it possible to build a certain logical connection between the different stages of the emergence and development of the nogai diaspora in the Turkish republic. The factors that influenced the resettlement of nogai societies to Turkey in different periods are shown. Socio-economic, political and psychological reasons played a key role in this process. The processes of adaptation of nogai societies in the regions of the Ottoman empire, as well as the specifics of the settlement of nogai in Turkey and its regions in the period under review, are partially covered. The author of the article touches upon the problem of the division of the foreign nogai diaspora, in which the nogai found themselves after the collapse of the Ottoman Empire at the beginning of the 20th century. Today, representatives of the nogai diaspora live in Turkey, Syria, Jordan, Bulgaria and Romania. Part of the turkish nogai in the middle of the XX century emigrated to Western Europe.

OZET Amac: Bu arastirmanin amaci, Turkiye Cumhuriyeti Genclik ve Spor Bakanligi tarafindan hazirlanan, 2019-2023 Stratejik Planini, stratejik plan hazirlama kriterlerine gore incelemektir. Materyal ve Metod: Arastirmada dokuman analizi ve betimsel analiz yontemleri kullanildi. Stratejik plan verileri Genclik ve Spor Bakanliginin internet sitesinden alindi. Bu calismada stratejik plan, Kamu Idareleri Icin Stratejik Planlama Kilavuzunda yer alan kriterler alti temel baslik altinda toplanarak incelendi. Bulgular: Genclik ve Spor Bakanligi 2019-2023 stratejik plani dort kritere (Hazirlik Sureci Kriterleri, Durum Analizi Kriterleri, Ic Ve Cevre Analizi Kriterleri, Izleme Ve Degerlendirme Kriterlerine) buyuk olcude uygun oldugu goruldu. Gelecege Bakis Kriterleri ve Maliyetlendirme Kriterlerinde ise kismi eksiklikler tespit edildi. Gelecege Bakis Kriterlerinde temel ilkelere iliskin herhangi bir bolum olusturulmamis, kalite olcumlerine de yer vermemistir. Bakanligin temel ilkeleri stratejik planin bircok farkli bolumunde cumleler arasinda gecmesine ragmen, hedeflere yonelik kalite olcumlerine iliskin herhangi bir veriye rastlanmamistir. Maliyetlendirme kriterlerinde ise belirlenmesi gereken alternatif faaliyetlere yer verilmedigi goruldu. Sonuc: Arastirmada, Genclik ve Spor Bakanligi 2019-2023 stratejik planinin, incelenen kriterlerle onemli olcude uyumlu oldugu, ancak gelecege bakis ve maliyetlendirme kriterlerinde kismi eksikler oldugu sonucuna ulasildi. ABSTRACT Aim: The aim of this study is to analyze the 2019-2023 Strategic Plan prepared by the Turkish Republic Ministry of Youth and Sports, according to strategic plan preparation criteria. Material and Method: Document analysis and descriptive analysis methods were used in the study. Data about the strategic plan were obtained from the website of the Ministry of Youth and Sports. The criteria included in the Strategic Planning Guide Book for Public Administrations were analysed by being categorized under six main topics in this paper. Results: The 2019-2023 strategic plan of the Ministry of Youth and Sports is, to a great extent, in compliance with four criteria (Preparation Process Criteria, Status Analysis Criteria, Internal and Environmental Analysis Criteria, Monitoring and Evaluation Criteria). The Future Outlook Criteria and Costing Criteria however present certain shortcomings. For example, the Future Outlook Criteria does not include a section on basic principles or cover quality measurements. Although the basic principles of the Ministry are mentioned across several different parts of the strategic plan, no data regarding the quality measurements towards the targets have been encountered. Additionally, alternative activities that need to be determined are not included in the costing criteria. Conclussions: The study revealed that the 2019-2023 strategic plan of the Ministry of Youth and Sports is, to a great extent, in compliance with the criteria examined, but the Future Outlook Criteria and Costing Criteria present certain shortcomings

The issue of Cyprus remains one of the longest unregulated international dis­putes. For nearly half a century of the island’s de facto division, it has been one of the factors destabilizing the situation in the eastern Mediterranean. It has periodically led to tensions, not only between members of the two Cypriot communities, the Greek and Turkish Cypriots, but also between Greece and Turkey, and finally, Turkey and the European Union. The purpose of this article was to present the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus as an exam­ple of a so-called unrecognized state and to assign it to an appropriate type of unrecognized states. The selected case was examined on the basis of the attributes of an unrecognized state, formulated by a leading researcher of this issue, Nina Caspersen, and a selected typology of unrecognized states., Kwestia cypryjska pozostaje jednym z najdłużej nieuregulowanych sporów międzynarodowych. Od blisko pół wieku faktyczny podział wyspy jest jed­nym z czynników destabilizujących sytuację w regionie wschodniego Morza Śródziemnego. Okresowo doprowadza do napięć nie tylko pomiędzy człon­kami obu cypryjskich społeczności, Grekami cypryjskimi i Turkami cypryj­skimi, ale także między Grecją i Turcją oraz Turcją i Unią Europejską. Celem niniejszego artykułu jest przedstawienie Tureckiej Republiki Cypru Północ­nego jako przykładu tak zwanego państwa nieuznawanego oraz przypisanie jej do właściwego typu państw nieuznawanych. Wybrany przypadek został przeanalizowany na podstawie atrybutów państwa nieuznawanego, sformu­łowanych przez czołową badaczkę tego zagadnienia Ninę Caspersen oraz wybranej typologii państw nieuznawanych.

Fruit de l’exploration d’une documentation impressionnante, l’ouvrage de Stephan Winter analyse la fabrique de la communaute alaouite en Syrie et en Turquie, mais aussi celle de ses mythes fondateurs et de ses spectres qui hantent une partie du Proche-Orient depuis plusieurs decennies. Minorite opprimee depuis un millenaire ou, a l’inverse, minorite ayant confisque le pouvoir dans la Syrie, pays qu’elle a brutalise notamment depuis la guerre civile des annees 2010 ? Pour comprendre la formati...

The objective of this study is to examine the effect of the quarantine process on the level of hope of people living in the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus. The study was conducted on 250 participants over the age of 18, 160 of whom were females and 90 of whom were males. In the study, personal information form, and, in order to measure the level of hope of the participants, Beck Depression Scale were used. The data obtained were analyzed using SPSS 24.0 program. Participants who were 29 years old and younger were found to be more in despair than participants who were 40 years old or older. It is believed that the subject of the research is valuable in terms of being the first study conducted in the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus and that it will make contribution to future research.

International relations system is getting more complicated day by day. There are several actors within the international relations system currently which creates the complex relations. Limited recognized states within the system are one of the reasons for the emergence of the complex relations. The foundation of Abkhazia, TRNC (Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus), South Ossetia etc and taking their roles with their patron states have broken the traditional perceptions within the international relations system. In this study, the picture of Abkhazia, a limitedly recognised-de-facto state is drawn economically, socially and politically. Inside of the picture, the independency process of Abkhazia is discussed by focusing on internal and external dynamics (Russia, International Organizations). Abkhazia has the capabilities to provide the necessities of being a state and established its foreign affairs as well. Russia is the most important and effective actor on these foreign affairs with Abkhazia. Under this framework, Russia’s foreign policy orientation and its role in Abkhazia-Georgia Conflict is discussed analytically by indicating the geopolitical priorities of Russia. Russia’s role in Abkhazia since 2008 conflict which increased economically, politically and militarily is also under investigation in this study. Finally, the Sui Generis status of Abkhazia is discussed with a deductive and qualitative methodology in this study.

In this study, the legal proposals of the Turkish Republic governments, which were voted by the TGNA (Turkish Grand National Assembly) during the twenty-sixth legislative period between 17 November...

The Portugal Synagogue is one of the oldest synagogues in Izmir, built by the Portuguese Jews possibly in the 1630s, in the Ottoman Period. It is located within the Bazaar neighbourhood, one of the first places in Izmir where the Jewish community settled after the province was conquered by the Ottoman Empire. Being very close to the coast and the inner harbour, this area was very attractive for the Portuguese Jews as the majority of the community was engaged in trade. In addition, it seems that the Jewish Quarter of Izmir had evolved around the Portugal Synagogue in the Ottoman period. Probably due to the strong commercial activity in the area, the synagogue was located in the very centre of the city’s Jewish neighbourhood. The Portugal Synagogue witnessed disastrous fires (major ones in 1772 and 1841) and earthquakes (major ones in 1688 and 1778), and many historical events including Sabbatai Tsevi’s occupation of the synagogue. In the Turkish Republic Period, the synagogue was severely damaged by a fire in 1976 destroying the whole ceiling and all the woodwork. The building, which had mostly lost its authentic features in the fire and due to the interventions that followed, was restored in 2017-18 reviving the structure in its original form. The restoration works were carried out following a ground survey, in accordance with the layers under the existing plaster and by using evidence and information obtained from old photographs and from people who had seen the structure when it was still in use as a synagogue, including those who had once worked there. In this article, the historical and architectural features of Izmir Portugal Synagogue have been introduced in detail and have been given information about restoration works., Osmanlı Dönemi İzmir’inin en eski sinagoglarından biri olan Portugal Sinagogu, Portekiz kökenli Yahudiler tarafından tahminen 1630’lu yıllarda inşa edildi. İnşa edildiği yer, İzmir, Osmanlılar tarafından fethedildikten sonra Yahudilerinin ilk yerleştiği bölgelerden biri olan Pazar yeriydi. Aynı zamanda, sahile ve İç Liman’a oldukça yakın bir konuma sahip olan bu bölge, büyük bir çoğunluğu ticaretle uğraşan Portekiz kökenli Yahudiler için oldukça cazipti. Öte yandan, Osmanlı Dönemi İzmir Yahudi Mahallesi, âdeta Portugal Sinagogu çevresinde şekillenmişti. Muhtemelen bölgenin güçlü ticari aktivitesinden dolayı, sinagog, kentteki Yahudi yerleşim alanının tam merkezinde yer alıyordu. Portugal Sinagogu, büyük yangın (başlıca 1772 ve 1841) ve deprem (başlıca 1688 ve 1789) felaketlerine, Sabetay Tsevi’nin sinagogu işgali dâhil pek çok tarihi olaya şahit oldu. 1976 yılında geçirdiği yangında büyük hasar gördü, tavanı ve tüm ahşap doğramaları yok oldu. Yangın ve sonrasındaki kötü müdahalelerle özgünlüğünü büyük ölçüde yitiren yapı, 2017-2018 yıllarında gerçekleştirilen restorasyon çalışmaları ile aslına uygun bir şekilde ayağa kaldırıldı. Restorasyon çalışmaları, yapıyı sinagog olarak kullanıldığı yıllarda gören, hatta görev yapan kişilerin verdiği bilgiler, eski fotoğraflar, sıva raspaları ve zemin araştırmaları ile elde edilen bulgulardan hareketle hazırlanan projeler doğrultusunda gerçekleştirilmiştir. Bu makalede, İzmir Portugal Sinagogu’nun tarihi ve mimari özellikleri ayrıntılı olarak tanıtılmış ve restorasyon çalışmaları hakkında bilgi verilmiştir.

Life Science is a course that has been taught since the beginning of the first years of Turkish Republic. Life Science curriculum was revised in 1924, 1936, 1948, 1968 and 1998, 2004, 2009, 2015, 2017 and 2018. When the structure of 2018 Life Sciences curriculum is examined, it is seen that the curriculum is composed of general aims, values, basic survival skills, concepts, units and attainments. In Life Sciences curriculum themes were replaced by the units. In order to gain the features that are in the structure of Life Sciences curriculum (values, basic survival skills, concepts), “attainments” are formed in the units. In this study, primary school teachers’ evaluation about the attainments in 2018 Life Sciences curriculum was discussed. 323 primary school teachers working in Pamukkale and Merkezefendi districts of Denizli province are included in the sample of the study; they were chosen utilizing random sampling technique among first second and third year primary school teachers. In the study, data were collected using the scale titled “Evaluating Life Sciences curriculum in terms of teachers’ views.” Cronbach alpha value was 0.895 and 0.978 in the original form and in this study, respectively. Primary school teachers are of the opinion that "I agree" on the attainments in 2018 Life Science curriculum. Key words: Life Sciences, curriculum, attainment, primary school teacher, views.

Osmanlı Devletindeki salname geleneğinin Türkiye Cumhuriyetindeki uzantısı sayılabilecek devlet salnameleri merkez ile taşra arasında iletişimi sağlayan birer araç olarak önemli bilgiler ihtiva ederler. Vilayet Salnameleri de devlet salnameleri gibi illerin idari, demografik ve sosyo-iktisadi durumlarına dair bilgileri sunarlar. Bu eserlerde tek tek illere ait bilgilerin yanısıra devletin idare mekanizması ve bölgelere atanan idareciler ve mülki teşkilat da yer alır. Sal:yıl ve name:mektup, kitap kelimelerinden oluşan salname kelimesi yıllık, nevsal anlamına gelmektedir. 1847-1912 arasında düzenli olarak yayınlanan devlet salnameleri savaş yıllarında çıkarılamamış, 1918’de sonuncusu yayınlanmış; Cumhuriyet döneminde 1925’ten itibaren tekrar yayınlanmaya devam etmiş; 1928 yılından itibaren Latin harfleriyle çıkarılan devlet salnameleri 1941’e kadar yayınlanmıştır. Bu salnamelerde her ile ve kazaya ait coğrafi, tarihi bilgilerin yanısıra illerin sosyal ve ekonomik yapısı hakkında detaylı ve istatistiki verilerin bulunması önemlerini artırmaktadır. Bu çalışmada 1925’ten 1929’a kadar çıkarılan dört Türkiye Cumhuriyeti Devlet salnamesinden faydalanılmıştır. 1925-26 salnamesi 884, 1926-27 salnamesi 1127, 1927-28 salnamesi 1300, 1928-29 salnamesi ise 759 sayfadan oluşmaktadır. Bahsedilen salnamelerde yer alan bilgiler ışığında Cumhuriyetin ilk yıllarını kapsayan bu dönemde Rize ilinin durumu aydınlatılmaya çalışılacaktır., State yearbooks as an extension of “salname” tradition in Ottoman Empire to Republic of Turkey, contain important information as a tool for communication between the center and the provinces. The provincial yearbooks also provide information on the administrative, demographic and socio-economic status of the provinces, such as the state yearbooks. In addition to the information of the individual provinces, these works include the administrative mechanism of the state and the administrators assigned to the regions and the civil service. The word salname, which consists of the words sal: year and name: letter, book, means annual. State yearbooks, which were published regularly between 1847-1912, could not be issued in the war years, the last one was published in 1918; It continued to be republished in the Republican era from 1925; State yearbooks, issued in Latin letters since 1928, were published. This study has been benefited four state yearbook issued in 1925 until 1929. The 1925-26 yearbook consists of 884, the 1926-27 yearbook is 1127, the 1927-28 yearbook is 1300, and the 1928-29 yearbook consists of 759 pages. In the light of the information in the aforementioned yearbooks, in this period covering the first years of the Republic, the situation of Rize province will be tried to be clarified.Keywords: Yearbook, State yearbook of Turkish Republic, Rize.

The home environment, school environment, parents' attitudes, motivation towards second language learning and teachers are some factors that can affect children’s development in second language learning. Moreover, parents' supervision aside children's support is essential during the learning stage. This study aimed at exploring the influence of parental involvement in their children's' second language learning. Parents of first-grade primary school pupils enrolled at selected private schools located in the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus were selected and 150 structured questionnaires were administered and retrieved. The research subsequently employed PLS-SEM for the structural model analysis study with the use of SmartPLS 3. The influence of income level, marital status, and parents' educational level was investigated through the use of multi-group analysis (MGA). It was found in the study that parents' educational level significantly moderate the relationship between method employed by parents and their source of motivation in their children's second language learning stage. Moreover, it was found that methods employed by the parents and their source of motivation influence the child second language learning, also a statistically significant relation was found between these variables.

This is a study of the responses of the Arabic and Hebrew press of Palestine to the abolitions of the Ottoman Sultanate and Caliphate. It is based on a comparative examination of the contemporary c...

This article explores debates surrounding the controversial spiritual exercise of rābiṭa – the binding of the disciple with a Sufi master by envisioning the image of the master in different parts of the body. Despite being criticized as a non-Qurʾanic practice and as a form of idolatry, rābiṭa was made a ritual of prominence among the Khālidī-Naqshbandī suborder which took shape in early nineteenth-century Syria and spread throughout the late Ottoman Empire. Tracing defenses of the practice from Arabic sources in the early nineteenth century to Turkish language treatises in the twentieth century, I argue that the Sufi ādāb manual al-Bahja al-saniyya composed by Muḥammad b. ʿAbdallāh al-Khānī (1798-1862) established a repertoire of arguments that have been adopted and reused in Turkish language treatises until the present with little variation, revealing a remarkable continuity of apologetics over nearly two centuries. Additionally, the article considers the role of this ritual in defining the nature of master-disciple relationships and establishing hierarchies of Sufi devotion and obedience.

Following the French Revolution, many communities were organised around “nation-state” framework with the effect of nationalism. Turkish Societies established in 1912 played significant roles in manifestation of Turkish Nationalism in the late period of Ottoman Empire and in nation-state formation of Turkish Republic. Because of this, Turkis Societies reformed themselves after the National Struggle Period and opened branches all over the country. In this study, the third General Assembly by Turkish Societies on April, 23rd 1926 and the issues discussed in this assembly are investigated. Apart from this, it has been aimed to reveal the function of Turkish Societies in the early years of Turkish Republic by examining the operations of branches of Turkish Societies country-wide; such as conferences, shows, concerts and operations in the areas of peasantisim, sports, health and aid. Considering this aspect, Turkish Communities maintained their existence up until today guiding the development of nationalism notion. With this study focusing on activities of Turkish Communities in 1926, it hass been aimed to micro-analyze the mentioned period. In the conclusion of the study, conclusions were drawn in the light of the gathered data and their interpretations were represented. In the study; newspapers, journals and archives as well as primary and secondary sources were utilized.

The study aims to reveal the most effective factors on the accessibility statistics of the Electronic Data Delivery System (EDDS) of The Central Bank of The Turkish Republic. Besides, another aim is to reveal the effect of the exchange rate on the access statistics of EDDS exchange rate data. For this purpose, a stepwise regression model was used to find the most effective factors on accessibility statistics. According to the results of stepwise regression analysis, it was revealed that 9 out of 26 variables significantly affected the EDDS access statistics. Engle-Granger cointegration test was chosen as the method to examine the relationship between exchange rate and EDDS access statistics. It has been revealed that there is a long-run equilibrium relationship between the EURO/TRY exchange rate and the access statistics of EDDS exchange rate data.

This volume provides an intellectual and historical discussion on the concept of Kemalism, including its interpretations after the foundation of the Turkish Republic and on-going problems in schola...

In this study it is aimed to examine social studies textbooks of Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus and Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus 6th and 7th grade students in terms of content analysis. The population of the research model is constituted by social studies textbooks of 6th and 7th Grades of 5 secondary schools that were found appropriate by Republic of Turkey Ministry of National Education Board of Education and the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus Ministry of Education Board of Education. In the research, the books were evaluated on the scale by using the content analysis evaluation scale. The scale consists of three likert. The rating of the scale was calculated as’ Yes ‘option 2 points,’ partially ‘option 1 point and’ no ' option 0 points. The data obtained in the study was evaluated by scoring between 1 and 10. As a result of the study, it was determined that the 7th grade social studies textbook of Republic of Turkey received the highest rate. The lowest rate was observed in the 7th grade, 1st and 2nd Social Studies textbooks, taught in the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus. Keywords: Textbook, Social Studies Teaching, Content Analysis Scale, Education, Learning

In the Turkish Republic, especially in the 1960s and 1970s, Foreign Investment was regarded as a very suspicioııs subject in Turkey as a result of the capitulations and a substantial amount of Ottoman Debt. There were many debates about the issue in the press and most of the studies in the period had generally a normative way of looking at the Foreign Direct Investment issue. During t/this period, a very small amount of Foreign Direct Investment entered into Turkey. This study focuses especially on the period 1950 and 1980 in which the negative attitude toıvards FDI was at its peak. The study examines the FDI in the Turkish economy and argues the reasons of a low level of FDI flow into Turkey in comparison with Brazil (which is very similar to Turkey w İten market size, population and growth strategies are considered) in this period

It is an undeniable fact that social media has become an important tool in the communication practices of the institutions and organizations serving in almost every field today. Although traditional media is more dominant in the context of communication strategies and communication processes of civil society organizations, the emphasis of social media on civil society organizations has been highlighted recently. In addition to the benefits of multichannel structure in the content production, consumption and reproduction processes of social media, it has been shown with examples that have positive results in terms of the visibility of civil society organizations. All these developments have opened up new debates in the sub-topic of non-governmental organizations transformed by social media, which is an important part of the communication of civil society organizations with stakeholders. In the light of this information, social media usage practices of non-governmental organizations were examined in two stages. In this context, in the first phase of the study, the visibility of officially registered female non-governmental organizations in the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus on social media channels (Facebook, Twitter and Instagram) has been revealed. In the second phase of the study, 3 (three) months content analysis was conducted between January 1st , 2019 and March 31st , 2019 for the official Facebook account of the Mesarya Women Initiative, a leading active example of womenactive movements and civil society organizations in Northern Cyprus. In this way, it is aimed to describe social media practices through these shares. The limited number of studies conducted for non-governmental organizations in terms of Northern Cyprus and the lack of studies with women’s civil society organizations reveal the specificity of this study and its contribution to the literature.

This study estimates the effects of higher education development on climate changes through energy consumption in the case of Cyprus (North), which progressed successfully in this sector although countries other than Turkey do not recognize its state (Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus). The results of this study reveal that there is strong evidence for the positive and significant impact of higher education growth on climate change via energy consumption. Therefore, it is concluded that educational development in Cyprus is a long-term contributor to the energy sector and, therefore, climate change.

Amac: Dunya Saglik Orgutu tarafindan pandemi olarak ilan edilen, 10 Nisan 2020 itibariyla dunyada yaklasik 100 000 olen, 1 700 000 dogrulanan, Turkiye’de ise yaklasik 1 000 olen, 50 000 dogrulanan vakasi bulunan COVID-19 salginina iliskin verileri, “COVID19Takip” adli arayuz ile anlasilir sekilde sunmak ve Turkiye’ye ozel gunluk degisimi ve salginin seyrini modellemektir Gerec ve Yontemler: Arayuz, Johns Hopkins Universitesi resmi web sitesinde gercek zamanli derlenen verileri, bu verilerden olusan web servisleri ve salgin ile ilgili ulusal haberleri anlik guncellemektedir Acik kaynakli R yazilimi kullanilarak, SIR modeli ve Otomatik Regresif Entegre Hareketli Ortalama (ARIMA) modeli ile Turkiye’ye iliskin modelleme ve tahmin, T C Saglik Bakanligi tarafindan gunluk sunulan verilerle yenilenmektedir Onerilen web aracini gelistirmek icin ve Asp NET MVC C# #, Ajax, Javascript ve R dilleri kullanilmistir Bulgular: Dunyada, Amerika Birlesik Devletleri, Ispanya, Italya’nin salgindan en cok etkilenen ulkeler oldugu;salgini en iyi kontrol eden ulkelerin basinda Japonya, Singapur ve Guney Kore’nin geldigi, Turkiye’nin ilk 4 haftalik surec itibariyla toplam vaka sayisi acisindan Ispanya’ya, olen sayisi acisindan ise Almanya’ya benzedigi gozlenmektedir Epidemik modelimize gore gunluk vaka sayisinin onumuzdeki gunlerde de artarak devam etmesi ve salginin 20 Haziran 2020’den sonra azalmasi beklenmektedir Sonuc: Turkiye’deki salgin hakkinda bilgi almak isteyen tum kullanicilar icin tasarlanmis olan COVID19Takip sistemi tanitilmistir Arayuz ile, tum dunya hakkinda gercek zamanli bilgilere ulasmak ve Turkiye’deki salgin durumunu ongormek mumkundur Bu arayuzun, gunden gune artacak verilerle, salgina iliskin erken tedbirler almak konusunda saglik otoritelerine ve topluma faydali olacagina inaniyoruz Alternate abstract:Objective: Declared as a pandemic by the World Health Organization, as of April 2;around 100 000 people, out of 1 700 000 confirmed cases out of the world have died because of COVID-19 In Turkey aroung 1 000 people have died out of 50 000 confirmed cases In this study, we aim to introduce an interface, called “COVID19Takip” to model the daily change and the epidemic trend in Turkey Material and Methods: The interface updates the official data and web services, acquired from the website of the Johns Hopkins University in real time;along with the national news about this epidemic SIR and Automatic Regressive Integrated Moving Average models are implemented in the open-source software, R;and the outputs are updated daily with as the Turkish Republic Ministry of Health reports mew cases The web interface is built by using Asp Net MVC C#, Ajax ve Javascript and R languages Results: By 2020 April,10, USA, Spain and Italy are seem to have more cases, whereas the countries that best control the outbreak are Japan, Singapore, and South Korea In the first four week period, Turkey's total case trend is similar to that observed in Spain and death toll is similar to that observed in Germany The number of daily cases in Turkey is expected to increase in the upcoming days and drop as of June, 20 2020 based on our epidemic model Conclusion: COVID19Takip is introduced, which is designed for users with various backgrounds, who want to get information about the outbreak in Turkey With the interface, it is possible to access real-time information about the whole world and model-based forecasts for Turkey We believe that this interface, with the data accummulated day by day, will be beneficial to health authorities and the society in taking early precautions regarding the epidemic

Societies have special days marking their history. Thus, the developments that brought forth the birth of a new Turkish State also created new commemoration festivities. The Commemoration of the proclamation of the Republic Day - one of the nation-state symbols - as a national holiday, marks an important turning point in the history of the Turkish Republic. In particular, the Kemalist governement’s usage of the national holiday as an ideologic element should be regarded as a move towards the concept of nation. Initiated by the proclamation of the Republic, the commemorations are held since 1925 with official ceremonies in the country, as well as at the diplomatic missions abroad. The objective of this study is to examine how the commemorations of the Republic Day held from 1934 to 1949 were carried out, who were the participants and the socio-cultural effects of these celebrations on the society of Diyarbakir. This will constitute the main parameter of the study. These ceremonies, whose main purpose was to have people embrace the revolutionary regulations and to ensure a rapprochement between the government and the people of Diyarbakir, were closely monitored by the General Secretary of the Republican People's Party. The General Secretary’s instructions reaching out as far as villages, were executed in a planned manner The study utilised the official correspondence stored in the Turkish Republic Archives and local newspapers published in Diyarbakir. Keywords: The Republic Day Festivities, Diyarbakir, Celebration, The Republican People's Party, the People’s House.

Akademikcamiamızda duyuru/tanıtım afişlerinin göstergebilimsel analizi konusunu elealan araştırmaların “Türkiye’de kütüphane ve kütüphanecilik tarihi” bakımındanmevcut araştırmalar dikkate alındığında yetersiz oluşu muhtemelen yönteminbizde henüz yeni olmasından ve bu sahada henüz yeterince tatbik edilmemesindenkaynaklıdır. Devlet kurumları ya da özel kurumlar, topluma ve insanlara vermekistedikleri mesajları çeşitli araçlarla ulaştırabilmektedir. Bilhassa 20.yyiçinde bu araçlardan biri de “tanıtım afişleri” olmuştur. Halen tesirinimuhafaza eden tanıtım afişleri, toplumun kültürel ve sosyal yapısınıaksettirmek bakımından mühim bir rol üstlenmektedir. Göstergebilimselanaliz metoduyla yazılı ve görsel materyallerin hangi amaç/amaçlar içinkullanıldığını, ne türden açık ve gizli mesajlar içerdiğini ve bu mesajların anlamkatmanlarının deşifre edilmek ya da tefsir edilmek suretiyle niyetini(intentio) açık etmek mümkündür. Bu makalekapsamında T.C Kültür ve Turizm Bakanlığı’na bağlı Kütüphaneler ve YayımlarGenel Müdürlüğü web sayfasında yer alan Kütüphane Haftası tanıtım afişlerindenyedisi göstergebilim (semiyotik metot) açısından incelenmiştir. Bu bakımdan makalenin amacı “kütüphane haftası”duyuru/tanıtım afişlerinin semiyotik analiz yöntemi kullanılarak içeriğindekiverilmek istenen mesajların çözümlenmesidir. Kütüphaneler ve Yayımlar GenelMüdürlüğü web sayfasından seçilen toplam afiş sayısı yedidir. Araştırmakapsamında amaçlı örneklem tekniği kullanılmış, Research on thesemiotic analysis of announcements/publicity posters in our academic communityis inadequate because the method is new in terms of “library and LibraryHistory in Turkey”. State institutions or private institutions can convey themessages they want to give to society and people through various means. Thesetools was “promotional posters” especially in the twenty century. Promotionalposters, which still maintain their influence, play an important role inpromoting the cultural and social structure of society.It is possible toexplain the purpose of the written and visual materials for whichpurpose/purposes are used by the method of semiotic analysis, what kind ofclear and secret messages are used, and the intention of the meaning of thesemessages to be deciphered or interpreted.In this articleseven of The Library Week publicity posters on the web page of the TurkishRepublic General Directorate of libraries and Publications of the Ministry ofCulture and Tourism have been examined from semiotics. In this regard, thepurpose of the article is to analyze the messages that are intended to beconveyed in the content by means of the semi-analytical method ofannouncement/advertisement posters. The total number of posters on the Web pageof the General Directorate of libraries and Publications is 7. Purpose samplingwas performed within the scope of the research. In semiological analysis,Roland Barthes’s method was used.

Izmir city, which is the focus of the study, has hosted many different historical periods and their cultural outputs from past to present. In the city, the traces of different cultural periods such as civilizations of antiquity, Beyliks, Ottomans and Turkish Republic can be examined at the same time. Due to the developments in the marine trade in 19th century, the physical, economical and social structure of the port city Izmir was improved. The enriched structure of Izmir can still be observed through its historical environment. Within this heritage, the role of religious buildings in terms of urban identity, environmental impact and social belonging have a great importance. Furthermore, the preservation / transformation implementations of these structures reshape the physical and social structure of the city.In this sense, the subject of this study is to examine the environmental and social impact of the transformed non-Muslim religious structures of Izmir. Through the site analyses, the effect of the preservation implementations and the new urban roles of these monumental buildings are to be defined while the continuity of the cultural values and contributions to the urban identity will be questioned. The findings of the research will be evaluated over a set of parameters such as environmental impact, sense of belonging, continuity of the spatial identity and the sufficiency of the new uses.

Please fill up the following information accurately. (Please use Times New Roman, 12 pt. Is it really difficult to produce correct th (/ð / and /θ/) sounds in English for EFL Learners? A case study in Northern Cyprus This study investigated how th (/ð / and /θ/) sounds could be improved if opportunities were provided to EFL learners in the Final International University in Girne, the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus. Twelve preparatory students participated in the study. The researcher collected data through a pronunciation test and interviews. The purpose of the pronunciation test was to reveal development and correct pronunciation of th (/ð / and /θ/) sounds by the participants. The performance of twelve participants was video-recorded. In order to increase the validity of the results, two native raters listened to the recordings and rated the problematic sounds as correct or incorrect. After data collection, Microsoft Excel was used to calculate the coded and analysed data, and SPSS (Version 20) was used to find the percentages and the frequencies of the data. The findings indicate that EFL learners could acquire and improve their pronunciation if they feel motivated and are given opportunities. The results of the study are thought to be useful for both students and teachers in Northern Cyprus. Information about Author(s)* Author 1 Author (Last name, First name) Ercan, Halil Affiliated institution (University) Country Email address halil.ercan@final.edu.tr Department & Rank Corresponding author (Yes/No) Write only one corresponding author. Author 2 Author (Last name, First name) Kunt, Naciye Affiliated institution (University) Country Email address naciye.kunt@emu.edu.tr Department & Rank Corresponding author (Yes/No) Author 3 Author (Last name, First name) Affiliated institution (University) Country Email address Department & Rank Corresponding author (Yes/No) Author 4 Author (Last name, First name) Affiliated institution (University) Country Email address Department & Rank Corresponding author (Yes/No)

User-centred maps are designed to provide users with the geospatial information they need primarily by their interests and thus more powerful support for their geospatial decision-making. In many cases, creating this kind of maps involves designing maps at multiple modes. Tourism is one of the areas that various kinds of maps both analogue and digital are widely used. Well-designed tourist maps can contribute to increasing the attractiveness of a region and the satisfaction of the visitors. Although some applications are available on user-centred multimodal tourist maps for web and mobile environments, there is no comprehensive study dealing with the paper maps. Therefore, this article focuses on the design and production as well as the evaluation of user-centred multimodal tourist maps for the analogue environment in the case of Kyrenia (Girne) district of the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus. The study consists of three main phases. In the first phase, a tourist geospatial database was constructed for the district of Kyrenia. In the second phase, user-centred multimodal tourist maps were designed and produced for three types of tourism, considering the prominent characteristics of the district in this respect. In the third phase, user evaluations were carried out for the existing and produced tourist maps. For this purpose, newly designed maps (as a group) and an existing tourist map of the district were evaluated individually and comparatively by potential users of different gender, age and education characteristics by face-to-face survey method. The survey results showed that the user-centred multimodal maps are more preferable than the general tourist map.

WOS:000493309400003 “Kadın” ve “erkek” kimliklerinin toplumsal bir kategori olarak yeniden inşa edildiği 20. yüzyılın başlarından itibaren modern devletler, uluslaşma süreçlerinde “kadın bedeni”nin modernleş(tiril)mesi ve özgürleş(tiril)mesi sloganıyla yeni cinsiyet politikaları üretmeye yönelmiştir. Türkiye’nin Cumhuriyet tecrübesinde de benzer şekilde, hedeflenen toplum düzenine erişmek üzere inşa edilen yeni kadın kimliği, toplumsal reformların itici gücü olarak seferber edilmiştir. Tanzimat döneminden itibaren Batılılaşma hareketlerinin merkezinde yer alan ve yüksek bir misyon atfedilen kadın kimliğinin dönüşümünü Cumhuriyet döneminde devlet eliyle gerçekleştirilen daha somut ve radikal adımlar izlemiştir. Bu çerçevede erken Cumhuriyet döneminde hayata geçirilen köklü reformların esaslı bir parçası da “asri” ve “hür” “Türk kadını” idealidir. Bu makalede, Tanzimat’tan itibaren Batılılaşma çabalarının merkezinde yer alan kadın kimliğinin dönüşümü ile Türkiye Cumhuriyeti’nin kuruluş sürecinde kadına yüklenen rol ve misyon, modern ulus devlet ve laiklik politikaları açısından ele alınmaktadır. Since the beginning of the 20th century when the identities of men and women were reconstructed as a social category, modern states have been directed to produce new gender policies in the processes of nationalization through the slogan of modernizing and liberating the female body. In the experience of the Republic of Turkey, this has also similarly been mobilized as the driving force of social reform by constructing a new female identity in order to reach the targeted new social order. Since the Tanzimat Era, the transformation of the female identity that had occurred at the center of Westernization movements and had been attributed to a lofty mission was followed in the Republic period by more concrete and radical steps carried out by the state. In this context, an essential part of the deep-rooted reforms implemented during the early Republic period was the ideal of the contemporary and independent Turkish woman. This article addresses the transformation of the female identity that took place at the center of Westernization efforts from the Tanzimat and the role and mission imposed upon women in the process of establishing the Republic of Turkey in terms of the modern nation state and secularist policies.

This study aimed at determining the opinions of the administrators andteachers teaching at primary school, secondary school, general high school andvocational school regarding the problems of the TRNC education system.Qualitative research method was applied in the study. There were 10 schooladministrators and 26 teachers (total 36 participants) consisted the studygroup of the study. The participants of the study were administrators andteachers from primary schools, secondary schools, general high schools andvocational high schools. The data of the study were collected through using twoopen-ended questions. First of all, the participants were asked to list fivemost important problems of the education system they know and then to note downtheir reasons. The participants were asked to write down their opinions indetail. The qualitative data of the study were analyzed using descriptive andcontent analysis. Current problems of the TRNC education system determined bythe administrators and teachers were identified as the problems with teachers,lack of physical structure and hardware, political reasons, managerialproblems, educational problems, family, school funding, migration and itseffects, duration of the courses and the academic calendar, class passingsystem and exam system, use of technology, supervision, teacher in-servicetraining, student, guidance and legal regulations., Çalışmada KKTC eğitim sistemi içerisinde yer alan ilkokul, genelortaöğretim ve mesleki teknik eğitimde görev yapan yönetici ve öğretmenlerinKKTC eğitim sisteminin sorunlarına ilişkin görüşlerinin belirlenmesiamaçlanmaktadır. Araştırmada nitel araştırma yönteminden yararlanılmıştır.Araştırmanın çalışma grubunda 10 okul yöneticisi ve 26 öğretmen olmak üzeretoplam 36 kişi yer almaktadır. Katılımcılar, ilkokul, ortaokul, genel lise vemeslek liselerinden yönetici ve öğretmenlerden oluşmaktadır. Araştırma verileriöğretmenlere açık uçlu olarak sorulan iki soru ile elde edilmiştir. İlk olaraköğretmenlere “KKTC eğitim sisteminin size göre en önemli gördüğünüz 5 sorunusıralayınız? Ardından “Neden bu şekilde düşündüğünüzü açıklayınız?” şeklindekiikinci soru sorularak görüşleri yazılı olarak alınmıştır. Araştırmada eldeedilen nitel veriler betimsel ve içerik analizine tabi tutulmuştur. KKTC Eğitimsisteminin okul yöneticileri ve öğretmenlere göre güncel sorunları;öğretmenlerle ilgili sorunlar, fiziki yapı ve donanım eksikliği, politiknedenler, yönetsel sorunlar, eğitim programı, aile, okul finansmanı, göç veetkileri, ders süresi ve akademik takvim, sınıf geçme ve sınav sistemi,teknoloji kullanımı, denetim, öğretmenin hizmetiçi eğitimi, öğrenci, rehberlik,yasal düzenlemeler, üniversiteye giriş olarak belirlenmiştir.

The Republic of Turkey provides an opportunity to examine how aspects of national culture can foster sentiments contrary to environmental mobilization. Two deeply rooted cultural values embedded at the founding of the Turkish Republic, a commitment to developmentalism and a strong suspicion of foreign interference, have served to undermine the Turkish environmental movement. Calls for environmental protection are perceived by many as foreign-inspired efforts to inhibit economic development and keep Turkey subservient to more developed nations. In addition, the Turkish case reveals how cultural division can divert attention from issues such as environmental protection. The country is characterized by sharp social boundaries between secularists and more conservative Islamists. This profound cultural divide taints all attempts at issue-based mobilization, including that around environmental protection. An analysis of interview data from 50 environmental movement leaders and government officials demonstrates how deeply held cultural values and social division serve to undermine environmental mobilization.