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Hierarchical metal-free catalyst based on the CVD synthesis of nitrogen-doped carbon nanotubes decorated silicon carbide (N-CNTs/SiC) macroscopic host structure has been prepared. The catalyst was evaluated in the partial oxidation of H 2 S by oxygen into elemental sulfur in a fixed-bed reactor. The catalytic results indicate that the N-CNTs/SiC catalyst exhibits an extremely high desulfurization performance even under severe reaction conditions such as low temperature, high space velocity and at low O 2 -to-H 2 S molar ratio. The high desulfurization performance was attributed to the high effective surface area of the catalyst along with a short diffusion length associated with the nanoscopic dimension of the carbon nanotubes. The N-CNTs/SiC catalyst also displays a high stability as a function of time on stream which could be attributed to the strong anchoring of the nitrogen doping within the carbon matrix. The extrudates shape of the SiC support allows the direct macroscopic shaping of the catalyst for use in conventional fixed-bed reactor without facing problems linked with catalyst handling, transportation and pressure drop across the catalyst bed as encountered with nanoscopic carbon-based catalyst.

We report a high yield exfoliation of few-layer-graphene (FLG) with up to 17% yield from expanded graphite, under 5 h sonication time in water, using graphene oxide (GO) as a surfactant. The aqueous dispersion of GO attached FLG (FLG–GO), with less than 5 layers, is used as a template for further decoration of nanodiamonds (NDs). The hybrid materials were self-organized into 3D-laminated nanostructures, where spherical NDs with a diameter of 4–8 nm are homogeneously distributed on the surface of the FLG–GO complex (referred to as FLG–GO@NDs). It was found that GO plays a dual role, it (1) mediated exfoliation of expanded graphite in aqueous solution resulting in a FLG–GO colloid system, and (2) incorporated ND particles for the formation of composites. A high catalytic performance in the dehydrogenation of ethyl-benzene on FLG–GO@ND metal-free catalyst is achieved; 35.1% of ethylbenzene conversion and 98.6% styrene selectivity after a 50 h reaction test are observed which correspond to an activity of 896 mmolST gcatalyst−1 h−1, which is 1.7 and 5 times higher than those of the unsupported NDs and traditional catalysts, respectively. The results demonstrate the potential of the FLG–GO@ND composite as a promising catalyst for steam-free industrial dehydrogenation applications.

Immuno-specific enrichment of extracellular vesicles (EVs) originating from specific cells/tissues is a promising source of information towards improving insights into cellular pathways underpinning various pathologies and developing novel non-invasive diagnostic methods. Enrichment is an important aspect in mass spectrometry-based analyses of EVs. Herein, we report a protocol for immuno-magnetic enrichment of subtype specific EVs and their subsequent processing for mass spectrometry. Specifically, we conjugated placental alkaline phosphatase (PLAP) antibodies to magnetic iron oxide nanowires (NWs) derived from bacterial biofilms and demonstrated the utility of this approach by enriching placental specific EVs (containing PLAP) from cell culture media. We demonstrate efficient PLAP+ve EV enrichment for both NW-PLAP and Dynabeads™-PLAP, with PLAP protein recovery (83.7±8.9% and 83.2±5.9%, respectively), high particle-to-protein ratio (7.5±0.7×109 and 7.1 ± 1.2×109, respectively), and low non-specific binding of non-target EVs (7±3.2% and 5.4±2.2%, respectively). Furthermore, our optimized EV enrichment and processing approach identified 2518 and 2545 protein groups with mass spectrometry for NW-PLAP and Dynabead™-PLAP, respectively, with excellent reproducibility (Pearson correlation 0.986 and 0.988). The proposed immuno-specific EVs enrichment and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method using naturally occurring iron oxide magnetic NWs or gold-standard Dynabeads™ enables high-quality EV proteomic studies.

A novel porous 3D-structured carbon composite material with a unique architecture by combining graphene and carbonized metal-organic framework (C-MOF) (HKUST-1) microrods for high performing supercapacitors has been synthesised and characterised. The HKUST-1 microrods were prepared by a new method, converting their diamond-like shape into microrods via mechanical shear mixing in an aqueous solution. Grinding of HKUST-1 and graphene oxide (GO) resulted in the formation of a 3D GO-MOF composite with intercalated HKUST-1 microrods between GO sheets. The composite film was treated by a laser scribing method and created a highly porous, a high surface area (>600 m²/g) and conductive 3D nanostructured composite film (L-rGO-C-MOF) used as electrodes for supercapacitor applications. The prepared film showed a high capacitance of 390 F/g at 5 mV/s, and a cyclic stability of 97.8% at 10 A/g after 5000 cycles. The symmetrical supercapacitor delivered an excellent power density of 8037.5 W/kg with an outstanding energy density of 22.3 Wh/kg confirming a new pathway to design new 3D porous graphene-MOF composites for high-performance energy storage devices. Refereed/Peer-reviewed