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Various socio-historical and cultural influences that have permeated the territory of Serbia have created a specific cultural heritage composed of interesting architecture, spatial and environmental units, folklore, gastronomy, lifestyle, and other specifics, which are usually under protection and are significantly visited by tourists. The value of resources and the state of development determine the overall tourist potential of the area. In this research, two methods were used to assess the tourist potential for six spatial, cultural, and historical units in Serbia: the analytical hierarchical process and the mathematical model, which is based on the du Cros method. The aim of the research is to determine the validity of the obtained results through their comparison and to record the shortcomings. The same indicators and sub-indicators were used in both methodologies, while the weighting coefficients differed according to the methodology. The importance of the research is reflected in the confirmation of the fact that there is a need to develop new methods that would eliminate all the shortcomings and increase the level of objectivity in the assessment of tourism potential.

The article analyzes the publications of domestic and foreign scientists on the methodological approaches to assess the tourism potential of Ukraine and regions, investigates the factors that influence competition in the tourism industry; The main factors characterizing the tourist attractiveness of Ukrainian regions are summarized and characterized, factors for assessing the potential of the tourism industry of the country and regions, including: historical and cultural heritage, natural and recreational conditions and resources, infrastructure, information, finances, investments, management, social conditions, staffing, environmental conditions and architectural and aesthetic conditions. The main problems of complex estimation of tourist potential of the country and regions have been identified, namely that the main problem of the unique method of estimation of tourist potential is that enterprises belonging to different other economic branches within the activity of which it is difficult to determine what part of the income is received it is from tourists and what from other consumers; the expediency and necessity of quantitative assessment of tourist attractiveness at the level of a country, sphere or a certain region is proved, the model of estimation of potential of tourism industry at different levels of its realization is offered. The purpose of the article is to assess the development capacity of the tourism and recreation industry and the efficiency of its use in the economy of Ukrainian regions. It is recommended to develop and apply a comprehensive and systematic method of assessment and determination of criteria for assessing the resource potential of recreational and tourist areas of Ukraine. It is determined that the main task for the development of recreational tourism is to determine effective methodological principles for assessingthe resource potential of recreational and tourist areas to ensure balanced development of the territory in harmony with nature and conservation of natural resources., У статті проаналізовано публікації вітчизняних та іноземних науковців щодо методичних підходів до оцінювання туристичного потенціалу України та регіонів; досліджено фактори, які впливають на конкуренцію в туристичній галузі; узагальнено, охарактеризовано основні фактори, що визначають туристичну привабливість регіонів України; наведено фактори оцінювання потенціалу туристичної галузі країни та регіонів, до яких належать історикокультурна спадщина, природно-рекреаційні умови та ресурси, інфраструктура, інформація, фінанси, інвестиції, управління, соціальні умови, кадрове забезпечення, екологічні умови та архітектурно-естетичні умови. В статті розглянуто інструментарій дослідження туристично-рекреаційного потенціалу регіонів, який на відміну від існуючих, включає оцінкуатрактивності туристично-рекреаційної сфери регіонів; аналіз внеску туристичнорекреаційної сфери в економіку регіонів; виявлення вагомості чинників впливу на формування та нарощення потенціалу туристично-рекреаційної сфери регіонів. Виявлено основні проблеми комплексного оцінювання туристичного потенціалу країни та регіонів; доведено доцільність та необхідність кількісного оцінювання туристичної привабливості на рівні країни, сфери чипевного регіону; запропоновано модель оцінювання потенціалу туристичної галузі на різних рівнях його реалізації. Рекомендовано розробити та застосовувати комплексний та системний метод оцінювання та визначення критеріїв оцінки ресурсного потенціалу рекреаційно-туристичних територій України. Визначено, що головним завданням для розвитку галузі рекреаційного туризму є визначення ефективних методичних засад щодо оцінки ресурсного потенціалу рекреаційно-туристичних територій задля забезпечення збалансованого розвитку території в гармонії з природою та збереженням природних ресурсів.

This study focuses on the potential of mining tourism in the oldest coalfield of India. To conduct the research, five mines from Raniganj coalfield have been selected based on their comparatively high degree of preservation, good connectivity, and quality to show the interconnectedness of mining tourism with other forms of tourism such as geotourism and heritage tourism. The tourism attractions for each mining site are classified following Jolliffe and Conlin (2011), whereas, the assessment criteria are prepared after Kubalíková (2017). The guidelines of the Ministry of Tourism of India are followed for tourism circuit demarcation. The outcome highlights that although risk factors cannot be neglected in some cases, each site represents diverse mining tourism attractions along with having good connectivity and accessibility. However, the result shows only around 50% feasibility for mining tourism, mainly because of the non-availability of proper tourism infrastructure. Road network analysis is done and two possible tourism routes are suggested. This study raises basic and initial issues indicating the mining tourism potential of Raniganj coalfield. Initiatives by the stakeholders in terms of an awareness campaign and generation of basic tourism facilities are necessary which may lead to the successful development of mining tourism in these sites in the future.

Tourism is one of the largest and fastest-growing economic sectors in the world and it has a variety of impacts on the environment and local communities as well. For a long time it was considered as the purest part of human business. Many adverse tourism impacts on landscape have appeared in context of tourism development, therefore sustainable tourism should be taken into consideration. That is why it is necessary to find out limits to maintain the environment as well as tourism, because as it turns out in status quo it does not work as it should do. As the scale of tourism grows, the resources become more unsustainable. Destination with damaged environment loses its attraction and this fact causes increasing of building a new tourist destination mostly on unsuitable places. Mostly visitors and entrepreneurs do not realize that each place does not fit to build all tourist activities. Then the landscape is under the uncontrolled load which weights the environment. But tourism does not have only this dark side. In many regions it is a necessary human activity for further region development. The specific assessment of the tourism impact should bring a closer look on this problem and help to specify which regions are suitable for tourism spreading or not. In realized research focused on selected communities in the Nizky Jesenik Highlands there was the idea to quantify three suggested data sets (specific environmental area value, tourism potential and tourism infrastructure load) necessary for tourism impact assessment. Data sets were evaluated according to points distribution using pair wise comparison and compared based on correlation and regression. Finally the outputs were used for further recommendations. Příspěvek k hodnocení vlivu cestovního ruchu na krajinu Článek je zaměřen na posouzení dopadu cestovního ruchu na životní prostředí. Přináší bližší pohled na tento problém a definuje oblasti, které pro turistiku jsou vhodné a které nikoliv. Výzkum je zaměřen na specifické oblasti životního prostředí, hodnoty potenciálu cestovního ruchu a zatížení infrastruktury cestovního ruchu, které jsou potřebné pro posouzení dopadů cestovního ruchu. Pro testování byly vybrány obce v oblasti Nízkého Jeseníku.

Развитие внутреннего туристического рынка, перспективной частью которого может стать Арктическая зона Российской Федерации, является одним из направлений преодоления последствий экономического кризиса, вызванного пандемией, что обуславливает актуальность темы исследования. Для принятия эффективных управленческих решений в области привлечения туристов необходима методика комплексной оценки туристского потенциала, предоставляющая достоверную информацию о факторах, привлекающих туристов. На основе анализа зарубежного и отечественного опыта оценки туристских дестинаций определены недостатки существующих методик, обоснована необходимость сбалансированного подхода к проведению оценки туристского потенциала на основе разработанной авторами сбалансированной системы показателей, что является новым направлением исследования туризма в регионах. Разработка методики оценки туристского потенциала региона осуществлена на основе сбалансированного подхода, концептуальным положением которого является соответствие результатов оценки балансу интересов акторов туристской деятельности. Разработанная в соответствии с информационными потребностями туристов, бизнеса, населения региона, региональных органов управления модель оценки является механизмом согласования основных интересов данных групп. Конфигурация сбалансированной системы показателей, включающая экономическую, инфраструктурную и культурно-природные составляющие, определена на основе ключевых факторов туристского потенциала Арктической зоны с использованием методологии системного и структурно-функционального анализа. Интегральные показатели исчислены с использованием метода многомерной средней, в качестве нормирующего признака использованы целевые значения показателей, что позволяет элиминировать влияние на оценку динамики других регионов. На основе структурного и сравнительного анализа матрицы интегральных показателей проанализирована динамика и современное состояние туристского потенциала субъектов Арктической зоны, выявлены основные направления его повышения (на примере Архангельской области). Корреляционный анализ взаимосвязи туристского потенциала и объемов туристских потоков (с соблюдением временного лага) подтверждает достоверность разработанной методики. Результаты исследования предполагается использовать органам государственного управления субъектов Арктической зоны Российской Федерации для определения основных направлений повышения туристского потенциала. The development of the domestic tourism market, including the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation, is important for overcoming the consequences of the economic crisis caused by the COVID-19 pandemic. A comprehensive and reliable methodology for assessing the tourism potential is necessary for effective decision making and attracting tourists. Based on the analysis of international and Russian experience of assessing tourist destinations, we identified the shortcomings of the existing methods and substantiated the necessity of a nuanced approach to assessing the tourism potential of regions using authors’ balanced scorecard. Our methodology relies on the balanced approach, demonstrating the compliance of the assessment results with the interests of tourism stakeholders. The developed method considers information needs and main interests of tourists, business representatives, regional population and authorities. Based on key parameters of the tourism potential of the Arctic zone, we defined the structure of the balanced scorecard (economic, infrastructural and cultural-natural aspects) using systems and structural-functional analysis. Further, using the multivariate mean (with target values of indicators as a standardised coefficient), we calculated integral indicators, eliminating the influence of dynamics of other regions on the assessment results. Structural and comparative analysis of a matrix of integral indicators allowed us to examine the dynamics of the tourism potential of the Russian Arctic and ways to improve it (on the example of Arkhangelsk oblast). Correlation analysis of the relations between the tourism potential and tourist flows within a time lag confirms the reliability of the developed methodology. Research results can be used by authorities managing the Russian Arctic for identifying the ways to increase its tourism potential.

This article presents an analysis of the level of tourism development across the Russian Federation. The study explores Russian regions by considering the key characteristics of tourism: the number of accommodation facilities, international visitors staying in accommodation facilities, the number of people employed in tourism and hospitality, and the value added created by these sectors of economy. An aggregate index is used to assess levels of tourism and recreation development and compare administrative units on this measure. An original methodology is employed to track shifts in Russian tourism, identify regions specialising in tourism, and forecast tourism development at a regional level.

The aim of this study is to determine and highlight the tourism potentials of the Ibar cultural tourism zone monasteries, which is located in the southwest part of Serbia. In the assessment of tourism potential, a quantitative model consisting of two groups of indicators (resource values and state of development) conceived of seven sub-indicators that were ranked and evaluated by respondents in the field, was applied. The results of the study show that the total tourist potential of the Ibar cultural tourism zone is 0.756, which classifies it as an area with high potential. A substantial difference in grading can be noticed by comparing two groups of indicators. The value of the resource is 0.812, and the value of the development state is 0.700. The main value of the study is that for the first time, a model based on quantitative calculations is applied in order to determine the tourist potential of the Ibar cultural tourism zone monasteries. The study also highlights the advantages and disadvantages and contributes to better promotion and development of this area.

The tourist field is among the phenomena that have managed to impose itself in the contemporary era, and its spectacular development is characteristic of our century, especially today. The modern man is increasingly concerned about leisure, wanting to escape from the city's artificial environment to a peaceful and relaxing setting that nature offers. Tourism is becoming a necessity for the modern man.

Metropolitan areas provide many opportunities to spend quality outdoor leisure time as well as to discover many cultural attractions. Sprawl occurs in Romania quite rapidly, encouraged by the construction of ring roads around many cities and their expansion into metropolitan areas. The current paper aims to identify metropolitan tourism models based on which tourist flows can be sustainably reoriented within rural Oradea Metropolitan Area (OMA) given their the tourist potential level (i.e., very low, low, average, high). The tourist potential was scaled based on the Methodology for the Analysis of a Territory’s Tourist Potential, which stands as a law published in the Official Monitor of the 14th of June 2016. The study indicates that most tourist activity develops in the OMA southern part in Sânmartin commune, thus unsustainably capturing all tourist flows of the rural OMA. Natural and man-made tourist attractions’ territorial concentrations were emphasized in the communes from the south and northern OMA, but there are major territorial dysfunctions in terms of technical endowment and tourist infrastructure supply. The three emerged models refer to the medical–recreational and eco–residential wellness network, discovery eco-holiday, and co-visit and marginal community.

Introduction. Today, much attention is paid to the study and effectiveness of the tourism potential of the territory. Such territories are regions having a common ethnic identity. In Russia, these are Finno-Ugric federal entities. Geographically, they are separated from each other, but the development of joint tourism products is a doable task. The closest Finno-Ugric region to the Republic of Mordovia is the Republic of Mari El. The object of the study is the tourism potential of the Republic of Mordovia and the Republic of Mari El. The aim of the study is to compare the potential tourism potential of these two Finno-Ugric regions of Russia for the development of tourism. Materials and Methods. The study was conducted on the basis of research published by the academics of National Research Mordovia State University, within the framework of the priority research trach “Fundamental and applied research in the field of Finno-Ugric Studies”. The authors applied the following research methods: comparative geographical, statistical, cartographic, analysis and synthesis, generalization, expert estimates, observations, etc. Results and Discussion. The Republics have an interesting rich cultural and historical potential, on the basis of which tourist routes have been developed both in the capitals and countryside of the region. The tourism potential allows the development of cognitive, cultural, historical, sports, religious, event tourism, etc. The key task for its development in the regions and the effective promotion of the latter in the tourist markets is the creation of a branded or basic route that can serve as the basis for the formation of various tours. The development of such routes allows us to solve the strategic problem of including significant objects showing the region in inter-regional routes. Conclusion. Based on the study and comparative analysis of the tourism potential of the two Finno-Ugric regions, their opportunities for joint tourism activities are evaluated. One of the joint projects could be the development of an inter-regional tourist route that promotes the promotion of Finno-Ugric regions in the tourist market of Russia.

The population exchange between Turkey and Greece was decided in 1923 as a result of Lausanne Treaty. By this decision, non-Muslim Greeks living in Turkey and Muslim Turks living in Greece were mandatory mutual migration. The immigrants left their architectural heritage that was built with cultural, ethnic and faith values in the settlements where they were born and grew. Many religious structures (churches, monasteries, chapels), civil buildings (housing, education, health, trade, accommodation, social), technical and economic structures (mills, ovens, bridges, fountain) remained after Greek-Turkish population exchange in various regions of Turkey. Besides to being the witness to history each of the original heritage structures that reflect Greek immigrants’ economic, social conditions, cultural wealth and belief have architectural tourism potentials. Within the scope of the study, the architectural tourism potentials were evaluated by selecting the Uluagac Greek School, Fertek Church, Hancerli Laundry and Church Fountain as a sample among the different building groups located in the Uluagac, Fertek and Hancerli settlements located in Nigde/Turkey. The analyzes for the selected buildings were conducted according to the determinants of architectural tourism potential (architectural and environmental factors, targeted tourist).The data obtained from the analysis were synthesized architectural tourism with cultural, ethnic, religious and ancestral tourism and suggestions were developed.

The regional tourism industry along with its various components and stakeholders involved in the development of regional tourism products (TP) and the value chain can be interpreted as ecosystems. A concept of creating a regional cross-sectoral ecosystem is presented and described. It brings together all interested parties (actors), including government authorities and various business representatives. The approaches to determining the level of attractiveness of a region for the formation of a tourism ecosystem based on the assessment of its tourism potential (TP) are the research subject. The research methodology presents an algorithm for assessing the tourism ecosystem formation attractiveness through assessment of key performance indicators assessing territorial TP. The purpose of the study is to develop strategic guidelines for increasing the efficiency of using tourism potential to form a regional ecosystem (a case study of the Penza Region). The conducted analysis has highlighted strategies (institutional; business image; cultural and educational; innovation and technology) that determine the key vectors for the development of tourism potential of the Penza Region.

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Durante los siglos XIII y XV asistimos a un proceso histórico en el que los reinos cristianos peninsulares se expanden por Andalucía Occidental frente al dominio musulmán. Este periodo histórico tiene muchas consecuencias desde el punto de vista de las transformaciones sociales, culturales y económicas, pero también, por el rico patrimonio inmueble que se destaca por su calidad y cuantía. El patrimonio histórico ha sido un recurso fundamental para el turismo desde el inicio de esta actividad. No obstante, es durante la década de 1960 cuando su uso turístico se intensifica bien mediante la promoción individualizada o por su integración en itinerarios turístico-culturales o rutas. De este modo, también se amplía su protección jurídica como forma de favorecer su puesta en valor y protección. Este trabajo tiene dos objetivos bien diferenciados. Por un lado, se realiza un estudio del patrimonio bajomedieval, y por otro lado se analiza su potencialidad turística y sus capacidades dentro del sector. Palabras clave: potencialidad turística, sistema de información geográfica, patrimonio cultural, bien de interés cultural, Edad Media. Heritage’s potentiality from low medieval in the Cádiz province (Spain) as a tourist resource Abstract: During the thirteenth and fi fteenth centuries we witness a historical process in which the peninsular Christian kingdoms expand through Western Andalusia against Muslim rule. This historical period has many consequences from the point of view of social, cultural and economic transformations, but also, for the rich real estate that stands out for its quality and quantity. Historical heritage has been a fundamental resource for tourism since the beginning of this activity. However, it is during the 1960s when its tourist use is intensifi ed either by individualized promotion or by its integration into tourist-cultural itineraries or routes. In this way, its legal protection is also extended as a way to favor its enhancement and protection. This work has two distinct objectives. On the one hand a study of the late medieval heritage is carried out, and on the other hand its tourist potential and its capacities within the sector are analyzed. Keywords: tourism potential, geographic information system, cultural heritage, cultural interest, Middle Ages. Artículo recibido: 14/04/2019// Artículo aceptado: 26/04/2019

There are different methodologies to assess landscape preferences, however there is no consensual methodology that can be replicated to identify their tourism potential. Recent studies have focused on agricultural landscape preferences due to their cultural characteristics. Although agricultural activity conflicts with the management models of natural protected areas, traditional models and sustainable practices reveal opportunities to boost tourism in this area, both for their aesthetic value, and for the opportunity to preserve biodiversity and maintain “lively landscapes”. The present study focuses on a double approach to collect data to measure the preferences for landscape typologies to realize outdoor/recreative activities in Tagus International Nature Reserve (TINR), among them, agricultural landscapes, such as the agro-silvopastural system “Dehesa/Montado” or olive grove. The preference of the landscapes were evaluated through photographs with pairwise comparison and without photographs observation, in which 174 respondents were consulted with. The different methodologies applied allowed for the extraction of different results, which led to the assumption that in fact there is no single methodology to assess preferences. However, the application of the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) methodology with photographical pairwise comparison allowed for the extraction of more robust results when considering attractions with tourism typologies, revealing that “Cultural tourism/Rural mixed” and “Agritourism” were the most valued. This information is pertinent to support TINR managers and local tourism promoters to plan and structure products and services based on button-up methodologies.

This paper examines the relevance of social entrepreneurs in our consideration of rural destination development, which represents an important tool for rural revitalization. While many peripheral rural areas face significant challenges in terms of sustaining communities and attracting tourists, it is often social entrepreneurs, as much as traditional entrepreneurs, who are involved in developing new ideas, products and activities, as well as envisioning a future for the area. This study, which is based on cross-case analysis resulting from nine semi-structured interviews carried out in rural areas in Ireland, South Africa and USA, identifies key roles that social entrepreneurs play in terms of rural destination development; namely that of opportunists, catalysts, and network architects and this is used to build a theoretical framework within which SEs can be analyzed. By contributing to social objectives through these roles, the SEs have a significant impact on tourism and development in their rural areas, suggesting the importance of considering their contributions in wider discussions of rural destination development.

La gastrodiplomacia es un concepto revolucionario cuyas diferentes aplicaciones se extienden no solo a los estudios del turismo sino además a las ciencias sociales y humanidades en general. Se describe como el uso de las culturas gastronómicas y culinarias para objetivos diplomáticos. Uno de estos usos es la forma en las cuales provee información a proyectos de turismo gastronómico que se extienden más allá del gastro-nacionalismo y fomentan el turismo regional. La discusión es sobre las formas como el concepto de gastrodiplomaciapuede ser expandido más allá de las tendencias nacionalistas para ajustarse a un mundo global. La metodología se basa en una revisión de la literatura, y entrevistas con tres figuras prominentes en el campo de turismo y gastrodiplomacia. Concluimos con una exploración visual creativa de cómoesta reconfiguración de la gastrodiplomacia sin nacionalismo puede ser usada para intensificar y mejorar el turismo regional y cristalizar esfuerzos de cooperación., Gastrodiplomacy is a concept with a high potential for different usages in both tourism studies as well as for social sciences and humanities at large. It describes the use of gastronomical and cuinary cultures for diplomatic goals. One of those usages is the ways it can inform gastronomical tourism projects that extend beyond gastro-nationalism and foster regional tourism. We discuss the ways the concept of gastrodiplomacy can be taken forward beyond its nationalistic tendencies in a global world. The methodology is composed of literature review and interviews with three prominent figures in tourism and gastrodiplomacy fields. We conclude with a creative visual exploration of how can this reconfiguration titled “gastrodiplomacy beyond nationalism” be used for enhancing regional tourism and cooperation efforts.

В условиях пандемии коронавируса развитие туристического бизнеса становится весьма сомнительным. Более того, данное направление терпит наибольшие убытки. В статье представлена динамика изменения иностранного и российского туристического потока, а также на основе сравнительного анализа выявлены наиболее развитые виды туризма в Пермском крае. Определены проблемы туристической сферы, возникшие в результате негативного влияния коронавируса, предложены основные направления развития туризма в условиях сложившейся ситуации, на основе регрессионного анализа дана количественная оценка влияния туристического потенциала на ВРП как на основной социально-экономический показатель региона.In the context of the coronavirus pandemic, the development of the tourism business becomes very doubtful. Moreover, this direction suffers the greatest losses. The article presents the dynamics of changes in the foreign and Russian tourist flow, and also, based on a comparative analysis, the most developed types of tourism in the Perm Territory are identified. The problems of the tourism sector that have arisen as a result of the negative influence of the coronavirus are determined, the main directions of tourism development in the current situation are proposed, based on a regression analysis, a quantitative assessment of the impact of tourism potential on the GRP is given as the main socio-economic indicator of the region.

International Transaction Journal of Engineering, Management, & Applied Sciences & Technologies, 11, 4, 11A04G: 1-8

En tan sólo 19 años del presente siglo, el turismo global ha alcanzado el mayor dina-mismo que en ningún otro período había tenido. Al respecto, entre 2008 y 2017se incrementó en 33.7% la llegada de turistas internacionales, lo cual ha hecho evidente la necesidad de abrir nuevos mercados turísticos. En el caso de México, de 2009 a 2018 el número de turistas internacionales prácticamente se duplicó; de hecho, en estos años el país avanzó del décimo al sexto destino en el mundo. En este contexto, el gobierno reconoce que, en materia de economía, el turismo es pieza clave para el desarrollo nacional, por tanto, establece como prioridad la identificación de nuevos sitios para el ocio y la recreación. Este trabajo evalúa la potencialidad turística de los municipios costeros del Pacífico Sur occidental mexicano; región que se extiende por el litoral ubicado entre los estados de Jalisco y Oaxaca ABSTRACT: In just 19 years of this century, global tourism has reached the greatest dynamism levels relative to any other equivalent period of time. In this regard, the arrival of international tourists showed a 33.7% rise between 2008 and 2017, evidencing the need to open up new tourist markets. In the case of Mexico, the number of international tourists almost doubled between 2009 and 2018; in fact, in this period, the country advanced from a 10th to sixth top destination worldwide. In this context, the government has acknowledged that, in the field of economy, tourism is key for national development; therefore, it has set the identification of new sites for leisure and recreation as a top priority. This work evaluates the tourist potential of the coastal municipalities of the Mexican southwestern Pacific, a region that stretches along the coastline between the states of Jalisco and Oaxaca.

Journal of Community Development Research (Humanities and Social Sciences), 13, 2, 1-14

The research area includes one of the largest in terms of population and also the most attractive tourist area in Poland—Warsaw agglomeration. The aim of the study is to assess the temporal and spatial difference of the heat stress on the human body in this area based on long-term data (1980–2016). On the basis of the Universal Thermal Climate Index (UTCI) and designated Climate-Tourism-Information-Scheme (CTIS) diagrams, a comprehensive and detailed bioclimate assessment was made for three different areas. The highest values of the UTCI as well as the frequency of thermal sensations related to heat stress occurred at the Bielany station representing the city area, and the lowest at stations representing suburban area—Legionowo and outskirts—Okęcie. A negative linear trend of the number of days was observed for thermal stress related to cold stress and the category of ‘no thermal stress’ while a positive linear trend was obtained for thermal stress related to heat stress. Based on the obtained results, it can be concluded that in summer months (in June over 60%) the conditions are favourable for the residents causing the lack or slight intensification of the body’s adaptation processes and they are beneficial for practicing various forms of recreation and tourism. However, on the other hand, the rise in the number of days with the ‘strong and very strong heat stress’ especially at the station representing the city area is a disturbing factor and negatively affecting both the health and well-being of agglomeration residents in the future.

Today, the issue of development of the tourism industry is becoming increasingly relevant, as this industry is an important component of the economic system of each country. External factors have the most significant impact on the development of tourism: natural disasters, wars, economic crises, and pandemics have had a destabilizing effect on the development of the tourism industry around the world. To avoid or reduce the impact of negative phenomena on the tourism industry of a particular country or region, it is crucial to predict the impact of external factors, identify the most important of them, and develop strategic measures to turn threats into opportunities. In the context of solving the mentioned problem, this study aims to model the impact of external factors on the level of use of tourism potential of the region. After all, tourist services and products of each country and region are unique, as they are formed under the influence of existing special natural resources, cultural heritage, environmental, social and other factors inherent only in them, and if in one country/region the influence of a certain factor can weaken the development of tourism, in another one—it can stimulate it. A method of comparison with the reference value and a method of calculating the integral indicator were used in the study. Based on the analysis, an integral indicator of the level of use of the tourist potential of the region was calculated and the method of assessing the impact of external factors on the level of tourist potential on the example of the Carpathian region of Ukraine was tested.

The article studies the issues of formation and use of tourist potential of regions in the context of socio-economic development on the basis of the results obtained in the monograph «Management of socio-economic development and tourism and recreational activities at the Federal, regional and local levels: a typological approach». Contained in the article the author’s approach is considered on a concrete example - the municipal formation Ivangorod of Kingisepp municipal district of Leningrad region. Approbation of results was carried out in the framework of qualification for persons holding public office of the Leningrad region and the public civil servants of the Leningrad region, replacing posts of civil service in Executive authorities of the Leningrad region «An effective system of regional management as a factor ensuring international competitiveness of Russia».

The Roztocze region is characterised by remarkable natural and cultural resources and a relatively well-developed infrastructure. They determine its high educational, recreational, and healthpromoting value. However, the tourism potential of the region is not being fully exploited. The tourism function is irregularly developed on the scale of the entire region. The aim of the article is to present the spatial diversity of tourist phenomena in Roztocze. The objective will be achieved with the use of the taxonomic method of multidimensional comparative analysis. Synthetic measures of the tourism potential and function in communes located in the region were calculated. The values of the indicators suggest that only five units (Krasnobród, Zwierzyniec, Janów Lubelski, Bełżec, Józefów) are characterised by satisfactory and the highest measures. The other communes exhibited disparities in the development of the potential and function. The results of the analysis of the relationships between these measures in the communes have contributed to identification of the current problems of tourism development. They should therefore be taken into account in an attempt at improving the economic situation of the communes through the development of tourism.

Tourism is an economic activity with great contribution for the development of many countries. To develop rural areas, tourism is especially important and need to be improved in these areas. The Government of Brčko District of Bosnia and Herzegovina has decided to have tourism improvement as one of main objectives in their development strategy focusing on better conditions for development of tourism. Investments in tourism should be applied to the entire area of the Brčko District. Since Brčko District mainly consists of rural areas, it is necessary to invest in rural tourism. The first step of this study was to determine the tourist potential of rural areas. The determination of rural tourist potential in Brčko District was carried out with the assistance of the Brčko District Government. For this purpose, the method of expert decision-making was used, and three experts were selected who evaluated six rural settlements. To obtain results based on expert evaluation, two multi-criteria methods were used: the Full Consistency Method (FUCOM) for determining the importance of criteria and the fuzzy Measurement Alternatives and Ranking according to the COmpromise Solution (MARCOS) method to rank rural settlements in terms of their tourism potential. The results showed that the settlement of Bijela has the best rural tourist potential, while the settlement of Grbavica has the least potential. The results obtained by applying this model showed how rural tourism in Brčko District can be improved. The research model for testing the tourism potential has shown good results and can be applied in other branches of tourism with some adaptation to certain branches of tourism., This article belongs to the Special Issue Soft Computing for Sustainability, This paper has been partially funded by Department of Economics–University of Molise- Italy

This paper reviews academic research into potential tourism through inter-distsricts cooperation (IDC) in Southeast Sulawesi, Indonesia. The aim of this paper is threefold; first, to collect strategic tourism issues, in order to highlighting most important issues to avoid uncertainty. Secondly, to identify issues that are worth with cooperation. Third, to draw recommendations and follow up prospects on the development of tourism potential in the region. The paper argues that tourism development potentials through IDC in Southeast Sulawesi (Indonesia), with natural tourism and cultural tourism by involving relevant stakeholders in increasing dimensions: attractions, amenities, accessibility, human resources, industry and communities in the area of cooperation.

В статье рассмотрены и структурированы теоретические подходы к исследованию сущности понятия «туристско-рекреационный потенциал». На основе проведённого исследования предложено авторское определение данной экономической категории. Обоснована необходимость изучения структуры туристско-рекреационного потенциала территории с целью повышения эффективности его использования и обеспечения устойчивого развития региона. Предложена структура туристско-рекреационного потенциала территории., The article considers and structures the theoretical approaches to the studying the essence of the concept of potential for tourism and recreation. Based on the research, the author proposes definition of this economic category. The necessity of studying the structure of the territory potential for tourism and recreation is substantiated in order to increase the efficiency of its use and ensure the sustainable development of the region. The author proposes the structure of the territory potential for tourism and recreation development.

В статье представлены исследования сельского туризма в Белгородской области. Основная цель научной статьи заключалась в оценке туристических объектов сельского туризма области и разработке рекомендаций по формированию и проектированию сельских туров на Белгородчине. Установлено, что сельский туризм входит в одно из пяти основных стратегических направлений развития туризма в мире. Сельский туризм имеет массу преимуществ и возможностей, как для потребителя, так и для туроператора, предоставляющего услуги. Белгородская область, обладает значительным туристским потенциалом. Привлекательность региона для посещения туристами определяется, наличием туристских ресурсов и объектов показа для гостей области. Для развития сельского туризма в Белгородском регионе имеются все предпосылки и возможности, обусловленные природно-климатическими, культурными и экономическими особенностями, которые будут способствовать повышению качества жизни населения и инвестиционной привлекательности в регионе. Авторами статьи проведена оценка туристических объектов сельского туризма в Белгородской области, а также проведен анализ состояния и тенденций развития туристских предприятий Белгородской области. Анализируя показатели деятельности туристических фирм Белгородского региона, можно отметить, что число турфирм увеличилось в 2,2 раза за последние 12 лет, число реализованных населению путевок составляет около 25,5% от общероссийских показателей, на общую сумму 213,4 млн. рублей. В среднем Белгородскую область посещают около 158,4 тыс. человек в год, из них 9,6% человек посетили область с целью проведения досуга и отдыха. На Белгородчине можно отдохнуть на туристических базах или в обычной сельской усадьбе, следует отметить, что количество сертифицированных усадеб за последние пять лет выросло в 10 раз. Таким образом, развития сельского туризма на региональном уровне является одним из ключевых направлений стратегического развития Белгородской области. Специфика проектирования сельского туризма предусматривает более детальное научное изучение каждого населенного пункта. В статье рассмотрены туристические объекты сельских территорий области и представлены авторские разработки практических рекомендации по формированию и проектированию сельских туров, как фактора развития рекреационного туризма региона на Белгородчине. Определено, что популяризация сельского туризма в области будет способствовать притоку иностранных туристов, приведет к укреплению материально-технической базы, сельских территорий, расширит и создаст новые туристские маршруты по территории области.

El estudio de los paisaj es como enfoque de integración geográfica, per mite delimitar, clasificar y cartografiar unidades espaciales homogéneas a diversas escalas, las cuales pueden ser usadas como base par a la evaluación del potencial de un territorio para las diversas actividades humanas que en él se desarrollan o podrían desarrollarse. En este artículo nuestr o obj etivo es presentar la evaluación del potencial de los paisaj es para el desarrollo del turismo en el municipio de Paranaíba, situado en el extremo norest e del estado de Mato Grosso do Sul, en el centro oeste de Brasil, utilizando para esto una serie de indi cadores integrados, obtenidos a partir del mapa de unidades de paisaj e, entre los que tenemos: naturalidad, diversidad, singularidad, complejidad y calidad visual de los paisaj es. Lo que per mitirá realizar una propuesta de l as actividades recreativas a des arrollar y su intensidad, buscando el desarrollo del turismo de for ma sustentable en este municipio. ABSTRACT: The study of landscapes such as geographic integration approach, allow, ident ify, classif y and mapping homogeneous spatial units at different scales, which can be used as a basis for t he evaluation of the potential of a territory for several human activities that develop or could be developed. In this wor k our ai m is to present the eval uation of the potential of landscapes for the development of tourism in the municipalit y of Paranaíba, located in the extreme northeast of the State of Mato Grosso do Sul, in the Center West of Brazil , using for this a seri es integrated indicators obtained from the map of landscape units, among which we have: naturalness, diversit y, uniqueness, complexi ty and visual quality of the landscape. Which will allow to make a proposal to develop recreational activities and its intensit y, looki ng for the devel opment of tourism in a sustainable manner in this municipality.

В статье рассмотрена структура земельного фонда центральной экологической зоны Байкальской природной территории в трех прибрежных районах Иркутской области (Иркутский, Ольхонский, Слюдянский). Выполнен территориальный анализ разрешенного и реального рекреационного использования земель различных категорий на низовом «участковом» уровне. Выявлено, что географически, участки, выделенные для рекреационного использования, в основном приурочены к побережью озера Байкал, большинство из них находятся в пешей доступности от береговой линии. Наибольшее количество участков, отведенных под объекты туризма и отдыха, располагаются на землях населенных пунктов и землях особо охраняемых территорий и объектов. Меньшее их число – на землях сельскохозяйственного назначения и землях лесного фонда. Выделение участков для осуществления туристской деятельности на землях запаса, промышленности и иного специального назначения носит единичный характер. Определено, что только треть рекреационных участков на сегодняшний день легитимны в правовом отношении – расположены в границах особо охраняемых природных территорий и особой экономической зоны туристско-рекреационного типа. Отдельно проанализировано использование территории, отведенной для развития особой экономической зоны туристско-рекреационной типа, которая включает в себя не только земли населенных пунктов, но и лесного фонда. Проведенный анализ позволил охарактеризовать туристский потенциал земельных ресурсов центральной экологической зоны Байкальской природной территории. Работа выполнена при финансовой поддержке РФФИ и РГО в рамках проекта 17-05-41057 РГО_а «Транспортно-коммуникационный фактор развития Сибири: возможности, ограничения, перспективы»., The article considers the structure of the land fund of the central ecological zone of the Baikal Natural Territory in 3 coastal regions of Irkutsk region (Irkutsk, Olkhonsky, Slyudyansky). The author analyzes the permitted and real recreational use of land of various categories at the grass-roots “precinct” level. It is revealed that the sites allocated for recreational use are mainly confined to the coast of Lake Baikal, most of them are within walking distance from the shoreline. The largest number of sites allocated for tourism and recreation facilities are located on the lands of settlements and lands of specially protected territories and objects. A smaller number of them are on agricultural land and forest fund lands. The allocation of sites for the implementing tourist activity on the lands of the reserve, industry and other special purposes is of a single nature. It is determined that only one third of recreational sites are legitimately legal today – they are located within the boundaries of specially protected natural areas and a special economic zone for tourism and recreation. The author separately analyzes the use of the territory allocated for the special economic zone for tourism and recreation, which includes not only the lands of settlements, but also the forest fund. The analysis made it possible to characterize the tourism potential of land resources of the Central Ecological Zone of the Baikal Natural Territory. The work was supported by the Russian Foundation for Basic Research and the Russian Geographical Society in the framework of the project 17-05-41057 RGO_a “Transport and communication factor in the development of Siberia: The opportunities, constraints, and prospects”.

Dusun Kinahrejo has diverse and interesting regional characteristics, with a dynamic regional order in the development of tourist areas. Kinahrejo hamlet is located in an area prone to eruption of Merapi, which is on the slopes of Mount Merapi Umbulharjo village, Cangkringan, Sleman. The declining interest of tourists during the visit in 2015 has an impact on the sustainability of the tourism potential and the economy of the people who rely heavily on the tourism sector. So the passion of the attraction of existing tourism potential needs to be improved and new potential that can increase the interest of tourists to visit. This research uses descriptive qualitative research method. Data were collected through observation, interviews, and documentation. While data analysis is done through (1) data reduction; (2) data presentation; and (3) conclusion/verification. The tourism potential of dusun Kinahrejo is diverse, all of them berinduk on nature tourism (ecotourism); There is a passive and active nature tour: the main attractions enjoy nature as scenery, nature as a sports arena, nature as a vehicle of adrenaline triggers, and there are support tours. The continuity of tourism in dusun Kinahrejo is highly dependent on community participation. Potential development of dusun Kinahrejo has 5 tourism potential, 1) religious tourism and cultural pilgrimage of dusun Kinahrejo, 2) nature tourism, 3) adrenaline tourism, 4) culinary tourism and 5) comunal farming of agro-agricultural. Keywords: tourism potential, area characteristics and sustainability Abstraksi : Dusun Kinahrejo memiliki karakteristik wilayah yang beragam dan menarik, dengan tatanan kawasan yang dinamis dalam pengembangan kawasan wisata. Dusun Kinahrejo berada pada kawasan rawan bencana erupsi Merapi, yaitu pada lereng gunung Merapi desa Umbulharjo, Cangkringan, Sleman. Menurunya minat wisatawan dalam kunjungan tahun 2015 berdampak keberlanjutan potensi wisata dan perekonomian warga yang banyak bergantung pada sektor pariwisata. Gairah dan daya tarik potensi wisata yang ada perlu ditingkatkan dan potensi baru yang dapat meningkatkan minat wisatawan untuk berkunjung. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian deskriptif kualitatif. Data dikumpulkan melalui observasi, wawancara, dan dokumentasi. Sementara itu, analisis data dilakukan melalui (1) reduksi data; (2) penyajian data; dan (3) penarikan kesimpulan/verifikasi. Potensi wisata dusun kinahrejo beragam, semua berinduk pada wisata alami (ekowisata); ada wisata alam pasif dan aktif: wisata utama menikmati alam sebagai pemandangan, alam sebagai arena olahraga, alam sebagai wahana pemicu adrenalin, dan ada wisata pendukung. Keberlanjutan wisata di dusun Kinahrejo sangat tergantung pada partisipasi masyarakat. Pengembangan potensi dusun Kinahrejo memiliki 5 potensi wisata yaitu, 1) wisata religi dan budaya ziarah Kinahrejo, 2) wisata jelajah alam, 3) wisata adrenalin, 4) wisata kuliner dan 5) agrowisata peternakan sapi perah komunal. Kata kunci : potensi wisata, karakteristik wilayah dan keberlanjutan

Целью проведенного исследования является разработка научно-методических положений и практических рекомендаций по формированию имиджа туристской территории (региона). Для достижения поставленной цели использовались общенаучные и специальные методы исследования. В статье авторами разработана система определения и управления туристской территорией как инструмента развития туристского бренда дестинации. Предложены этапы стратегического управления брендом территории, реализация которых должна предваряться всесторонним комплексным анализом факторов развития территории. Представлены результаты Национального рейтинга туристической привлекательности регионов 2017, согласно которому Белгородская область в рейтинге заняла 48 место. Авторами утверждается, что для развития туризма, в т.ч. международного въездного, внутреннего выездного, внутреннего локального туризма, в регионе имеются туристские ресурсы, к которым относят уникальные историко-культурные, которые являются объектами туристского показа и способны формировать имидж туристской территории, удовлетворить духовные потребности туристов. В статье авторами определены направления развития туристского бренда дестинации: обеспечение оптимальной структуры и режима функционирования туристско-рекреационного комплекса, создание детального и достоверного туристско-рекреационного паспорта туристской территории Белгородской области, организация деятельности СМИ, решение проблем рекреационного природопользования и охраны окружающей среды, совершенствование инфраструктуры туристской территории. В процессе исследования авторами разработана модель формирования имиджа туристской территории Белгородской области., The purpose of the study is to develop scientific and methodological provisions and practical recommendations for the formation of the image of the tourist territory (region). To achieve this goal, the authors use general scientific and special research methods. The article presents developed by the authors a system of definition and management of the tourist area as a tool for the creation of the tourist destination brand. The authors propose stages of the strategic management of the territory brand, the implementation of which should be preceded by a comprehensive analysis of the factors of the territory development. The results of the National rating of tourist attractiveness of the regions 2017, according to which Belgorod region took the 48th place in the rating, are presented. The authors argue that region has unique historical and cultural tourist resources for the tourism development, including international, domestic, domestic, local tourism. The article determines the development directions of the tourist brand of the destination: ensuring the optimal structure and mode of the tourist and recreational complex, creating a detailed and reliable tourist and recreational passport of Belgorod region, organization of PR and advertising in media, addressing the problems of recreational nature management and environmental protection, improvement of the infrastructure of the tourist territory... The purpose of the study is to develop scientific and methodological provisions and practical recommendations for the formation of the image of the tourist territory (region). To achieve this goal, the authors use general scientific and special research methods. The article presents developed by the authors a system of definition and management of the tourist area as a tool for the creation of the tourist destination brand. The authors propose stages of the strategic management of the territory brand, the implementation of which should be preceded by a comprehensive analysis of the factors of the territory development. The results of the National rating of tourist attractiveness of the regions 2017, according to which Belgorod region took the 48th place in the rating, are presented. The authors argue that region has unique historical and cultural tourist resources for the tourism development, including international, domestic, domestic, local tourism. The article determines the development directions of the tourist brand of the destination: ensuring the optimal structure and mode of the tourist and recreational complex, creating a detailed and reliable tourist and recreational passport of Belgorod region, organization of PR and advertising in media, addressing the problems of recreational nature management and environmental protection, improvement of the infrastructure of the tourist territory. In the course of the study, the authors develop a model for the formation of the image of the tourist territory of Belgorod region. function show_eabstract() { $('#eabstract1').hide(); $('#eabstract2').show(); $('#eabstract_expand').hide(); } ▼Показать полностью

The paper analyses potentials, challenges and problems of the rural tourism from the point of view of its impact on sustainable rural development. It explores alternative sources of income for rural people by means of tourism and investigates effects of the rural tourism on agricultural production in local rural communities. The aim is to identify the existing and potential tourist attractions within the rural areas in Southern Russia and to provide solutions to be introduced in particular rural settlements in order to make them attractive for tourists. The paper includes the elaboration and testing of a methodology for evaluating the rural tourism potentials using the case of rural settlements of Stavropol Krai, Russia. The paper concludes with a ranking of the selected rural settlements according to their rural tourist capacity and substantiation of the tourism models to be implemented to ensure a sustainable development of the considered rural areas.

Apart from the forest management, National Forest Programme in the Republic of Slovenia (NFP) entails the environmental and social functions, but in practice the policy evaluation of these features has not been implemented, aside from the very rare exceptions. One such exception is the city of Celje, which partially meets the objectives set, owing to the fourteen kilometer well-maintained trails through the so-called City Forest, i.e. the urban forest in the context of the Learning Route in the tourist region of Celjska Koča. In this paper, we tackled an example of good practice, launched this year (2014) and conducted by the LTO Laufar Cerkno. The idea to do marketing of anti-stress therapies in the Slovenian forests is quite appropriate, since almost 60% of Slovenia is covered by forests. Based on the beneficial effects of certain forest types, there are at least three of them, suitable for implementing the so-called Forest Selfness Therapies owing to the great spread and representation of tree species since they, along with the therapeutic effects, promote strategic sustainable development, based on the development strategy of Slovenia tourism, as stated in Slovenian Tourism Development Strategy 2012- 2016. Given the fact that over the last decade, we have had highly positive trends, both in the growing number of tourists and overnights as well as in tourism receipts, it is logical to define a marketing concept for exploiting the social functions of the forest which are presented in this paper. The latter covers the definition of anti-stress therapies, service positioning in the market, exemplifying individual selfness products, segmentation of target customers as well as implementation of an effective marketing mix. Forest exploitation in Slovenia in terms of marketing the anti-stress therapies is definitely a niche market where Slovenia can significantly increase tourism receipts in the context of sustainable development.

North-East is the largest region of Romania, in terms of number of inhabitants and the area held, but last in relation to the development stage. Although the North-East economy is currently supported by the tourism sector, there is still growth potential, especially referring to business involvement. A qualitative rural tourism requires a process of modernization, development and innovation in the sector by creating competitive travel services in the main areas of interest: Iasi, Suceava and Neamt. These important North-East cities are loaded with cultural heritage through historical sites, cultural buildings (museums, memorial houses) and religious evidence (churches and ancient monasteries). In order to properly analyze the productivity of the tourism sector, we make reference to the following indicators: accommodation capacity in operation, the number of tourists, the number of overnight stays, average length of stay.

The aim of this research is to offer suggestions for the work to be done regarding the development of the situation and potential of Mersin tourism. In this context, the opinions about the works that can be done for the current situation and development of Mersin tourism were asked and evaluated by 8 people, including public institution directors, academicians and private sector employees. In this study, semi-structured interview technique that is one of the qualitative research methods was used. In our study, the interview form prepared as a data collection tool has been revealed due to the opinions of the experts about the subject. As a result, the form consists of 8 questions and the first question that we have prepared determine the demographics features of the participants, while the other 7 questions are related to the feasibility of Mersin tourism regarding the current situation and potential of it. At the end of the study, strengths and weaknesses of Mersin tourism have been revealed. In addition, it is another contribution to the field of the study that reveals potential studies that can be done about Mersin tourism. It is believed that as a result of this study, the thoughts and suggestions have been revealed will be light and guide to other studies to be done in the field.

SWOT analysis is one of the analysis methods that are used to evaluate the potential of tourism existing in a tourist destination. In this research, Birgi which is located within the boundaries of İzmir province, has been examined as a tourist destination in terms of strenghts, weaknesses, opportunities and threats. Birgi is a city hosted many civilizations throughout history. For this reason, the region has an important potential for cultural tourism and religious tourism especially with the structures from Turkish period . On the other hand, geographical location of the region allows the development of many alternative tourism types such as winter tourism, plateau tourism and camping caravan tourism. In the region, various tourist activities such as photo safari, botanical tours, paragliding, caving, fishing, water sports, mountaineering and bicycle tours can be organized. As a result of the analysis, it has been determined that the region has some positive aspects as well as some negative aspects. In the conclusion part of the research, the obtained data has been evaluated and the suggestions to use the tourism potential in the region more efficiently and the sustainable devlopment of it have been offered.

Whether a journey is pleasant or not usually depends on the climatic conditions which permit to perform outdoor activities. The perception of climatic conditions, determined by physiological and psychological factors, can vary according to different adaptation phenomena related to the person involved and the weather conditions of the place where they live. Studying the bioclimatology of a country characterized by a high flux of tourism, as e.g. Italy, can provide some important information about where and when is it better to visit a place. Some differences have to be specified though, like the local tourism, which is used to that type of climate, and international tourism, which is formed by people coming from countries with different types of climates. Therefore this paper examined the climatic conditions and outdoor thermal comfort through the Mediterranean Outdoor Comfort Index (MOCI) for local tourism and through the predicted mean vote (PMV) for international tourism. The cities examined were three (Venice, Rome and Palermo located in the North, Centre and South of Italy, respectively), where average information were collected every week for an entire year. Finally, a map of the entire Italian territory reporting the seasonal average values of these indexes was also reported.

Gastrodiplomacy is a concept with a high potential for different usages in both tourism studies as well as for social sciences and humanities at large. It describes the use of gastronomical and cuinary cultures for diplomatic goals. One of those usages is the ways it can inform gastronomical tourism projects that extend beyond gastro-nationalism and foster regional tourism. We discuss the ways the concept of gastrodiplomacy can be taken forward beyond its nationalistic tendencies in a global world. The methodology is composed of literature review and interviews with three prominent figures in tourism and gastrodiplomacy fields. We conclude with a creative visual exploration of how can this reconfiguration titled “gastrodiplomacy beyond nationalism” be used for enhancing regional tourism and cooperation efforts. La gastrodiplomacia es un concepto revolucionario cuyas diferentes aplicaciones se extienden no solo a los estudios del turismo sino además a las ciencias sociales y humanidades en general. Se describe como el uso de las culturas gastronómicas y culinarias para objetivos diplomáticos. Uno de estos usos es la forma en las cuales provee información a proyectos de turismo gastronómico que se extienden más allá del gastro-nacionalismo y fomentan el turismo regional. La discusión es sobre las formas como el concepto de gastrodiplomaciapuede ser expandido más allá de las tendencias nacionalistas para ajustarse a un mundo global. La metodología se basa en una revisión de la literatura, y entrevistas con tres figuras prominentes en el campo de turismo y gastrodiplomacia. Concluimos con una exploración visual creativa de cómoesta reconfiguración de la gastrodiplomacia sin nacionalismo puede ser usada para intensificar y mejorar el turismo regional y cristalizar esfuerzos de cooperación.

Küreselleşmenin etkisiyle sınırların ortadan kalkması, iletişim çağının da etkisi ile farklı kültürlerin tanınması sonucunda turizm de farklı alternatifler arayışına girmiştir. Turizm sektörünün gelişmiş olduğu devletlere bakıldığında bu sektörün ileri düzeyde olmasının ilk olarak turizm kaynaklarının doğru kullanılması ve tanıtımının yüksek düzeyde yapıldığına bağlıdır. Kazakistan Cumhuriyeti, turizmin gelişimi için bu zamana kadar hiç kullanılmamış, doğal geniş, tarihi ve kültürel miraslara ev sahipliği yapmaktadır. Fakat bu alanda yapılan çalışma sayısının yeterli olmaması, otel fiyatlarının yüksek olması, turizm çeşitlerinin iyi tanıtılmaması nedeniyle turizm yeterli kadar gelişmemiş ve dünya turizm piyasasında adı ve sahip olduğu kaynaklar yeterli kadar iyi bilinmemektedir.Çalışmanın önemi Kazakistan Cumhuriyeti turistik değer ve kaynaklarını değerlendirip, bulunduğu mevcut durumu değerlendirmek, arz kaynaklarının ortaya çıkarılmasında yerli kurulum ve kuruluş personellerinin beklentilerini tespit etmek ve yapılması gerekenler için önerilerde bulunmaktır. Çalışmanın sonuçları, bölgedeki turistik yerlerin geliştirilmesine, farklı projelerin yaptırılıp uygulanmasına katkı sağlayacaktır. Piyasa ekonomi kapsamında bölgedeki turistik eylemlerde bulunan yerel kurulum ve kuruluşların, turizm uzmanlarının, yabancı yatırımcılar ve iş adamlarının dikkatini çekebilir. Araştırma, Kazakistan'da kültür turizminin potansiyelini belirlemeye yöneliktir. Araştırmada Kazakistan kamu kurumlarının turizmle ilgili çalışmalarda da yer almakta olan personelleri ve turizm özel sektöründe çalışmakta olan işçi ve işverenlerin konuyla ilgili düşünceleri toplanmıştır. Bu doğrultuda kamu personeli ya da özel sektör çalışanı olmanın Kazakistan'daki kültür turizmine bakışı nasıl etkilediği ve arada farklılıklar olup olmadığı belirlenmiştir. Bunun yanı sıra Kazakistan kültür turizminin gelişimine etken olan mevcut durumun da katılımcılarca nasıl algılandığı tespit edilmiştir.Araştırmanın evreni Kazakistan eyalet valiliklerinde, seyahat acentelerinde ve 5 yıldızlı oteller çalışanlar olarak 8195 kişi oluşturmaktadır. Toplam örneklem sayısı valilik, otel ve acentelere oransal dağıtılmıştır. Araştırma için 1076 çalışana anket uygulanmıştır. Yapılan çalışmada Kazakistan kültür turizminin mevcut durumu ve potansiyel gelişimine yönelik SWOT analizi yapılmıştır. Araştırmanın nicel uygulama sürecinde elde edilen verilerin analizinde, tanımlayıcı istatistikle, t testi ve ANOVA analizi kullanılmıştır.Araştırma sonucunda; katılımcıların Kazakistan turizminin mevcut durumuna yönelik görüşlerinde yaşa, cinsiyete, medeni duruma, eğitim durumuna, gelir durumuna turizm eğitimine, bağlı oldukları kurumlara, işletmelerine, çalışma sürelerine göre farklılık oluşmuştur. Ayrıca, Kazakistan turizminin potansiyel gelişimine yönelik görüşlerde yaşa, cinsiyete, medeni duruma, eğitim durumuna, gelir durumuna turizm eğitimine, işletmelerine, çalışma sürelerine göre farklılık oluşmuş, bağlı oldukları kuruma göre farklılık oluşamamıştır.Anahtar Kelimeler: Turizm, Kültür Turizmi, Kazakistan Turizm Sektörü, Kazakistan Kültür Turizmi Borders were removed through the effect of globalization and different cultures were recognized by the growth of the communication age. Consequently, tourism has become a quest of different alternatives. Considering the countries where the tourism sector is developed it is understood that the tourism resources are used effectively and the publicity is of an advanced nature. In order to develop tourism the Republic of Kazakhstan hosts ample natural, historical and cultural heritages that were not promoted until recently. However, the research carried out regarding this field was inadequate, hotel prices were high, and tourism sectors were not introduced. Therefore, the tourism was not developed enough and its name and its resources were not widely known within the World tourism market. The importance of this study is to evaluate the tourism value and resources of the Republic of Kazakhstan, to evaluate where the present state currently stands, to identify the expectations of the personnel of domestic institutions and organizations regarding knowledge of supply resources, and to make suggestions for improvements. The results of the study will contribute to the development of tourist attractions in the region, and to make and implement different projects. Regarding economy, the market could attract notice of local institutions and organizations which operate touristic actions at the region, the tourism experts, the foreign investors and the business people. This study is oriented towards specifying the potential of cultural tourism in Kazakhstan. In this study the opinions of the personnel of public enterprises of Kazakhstan who work within the field of tourism and the labour and management who work in the private market tourism sector were collated. Accordingly, it sets out how the points of view for cultural tourism in Kazakhstan is being affected by being a civil servant or a private sector employee, and if there are any distinctions between them. In addition to this it identifies how the present state which is a factor for the development of the cultural tourism of Kazakhstan is perceived by the participants. The content of this study consisted of 8195 people who work in the state governorships of Kazakhstan, travel agencies and 5-star hotels. The total sample numbers were distributed to the governorship, hotel and agencies proportionately. A poll was carried out of 1076 workers for this research. Regarding the study, a SWOT analysis was carried out that is oriented to the present state of culture tourism of Kazakhstan and its potential development. The Data was obtained during the quantitative implementation process of the research. Regarding this analysis the descriptive statistics, t test and ANOVA analysis were used. Considering the result of the research it is understood that there are differences formed according to the age, gender, marital status, income status, tourism education, institutions which they are affiliated to, their businesses, working hours regarding the opinions of the participants that are oriented to the present status of the tourism of Kazakhstan. Besides, regarding the opinions oriented to the potential development of the tourism of Kazakhstan there are no discrepancies formed according to the age, gender, marital status, education status, income status, tourism education, its businesses, working hours. Keywords: Tourism, Cultural Tourism, Tourism Sector of Kazakhstan, Cultural Tourism of Kazakhstan. 142

La Región Citrícola de Nuevo León se caracteriza por una tradición agrícola de más de un siglo en el cultivo de naranjas, mandarinas y toronjas. No obstante, en los últimos años ha buscado diversificar y eslabonar la agricultura con el turismo. El objetivo del estudio fue identificar a través de un análisis de álgebra de mapas zonas con potencial agroturístico mediante la ubicación, coincidencia y concentración de la citricultura, la agroindustria, los recursos de interés turístico, la infraestructura básica, los servicios de vinculación turística y la accesibilidad. ABSTRACT The citrus region of Nuevo Leon is characterized by an agricultural tradition of over a century in growing oranges, tangerines and grapefruits. However, in recent years it has sought to diversify its economy by hitching tourism to agriculture. The aim of the study was to identify, by means of a map algebra analysis, areas with potential for the development of agritourism. The location, coincidence and concentration of the citrus industry and of agribusiness were studied in relation to tourist places of interest, basic infrastructure, links to other industries and accessibility. Programa de Apoyo a Proyectos de Investigación e Inno- vación Tecnológica (PAPIIT) de la Dirección General de Asuntos del Personal Académico (DGAPA) de la Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM)

Developing tourism in an area represents the continuous process of planning and building tourist facilities, refurbishing and modernizing the existing ones, resizing them according to the types and sizes of tourist fluxes, shaping demand and offer, rendering a sustainable tourist activity. Perspective studies on the evolution of the phenomenon are necessary to design the tourist activity, following the insertion of the future area parameters into the decision models allowing them to be monitored and changed during the modelling process. Given the geographic really of space, the present study focuses on highlighting several indicators concerning tourism development in an area severely affected by economic cut backs, suggesting and also trying to monitor the social and economic effects tourism development could have upon. Besides determining the function of the territory, authors have conducted a diagnostic analysis which underlines the favourable factors of tourism, indicating, at the same time, the necessary measures to insure the best development. Thus, given the conditions of massive cut backs in the major economic sectors, the local development of tourism is of a crucial importance. As a key element of the sustainable development, tourism could provide new business and work places in the same time; it could determine the increase of incomes for the rural area habitants through the capitalization of local resources.

Since the Central Development Region is not addressed in this paper as an independent tourist destination, the analysis performed at this level is meant to convey an overview of the recovery of the existing tourist potential across this regional structure. The results obtained can be compared with those of similar analyzes in the other regions of Romania and the European Union. Information obtained is necessary to adopt tourism development policies and strategies at regional level to develop each region.

Nowadays the actual problem is the reduction of population in small towns thus affecting the preservation and development of territories. Due to the migration and the negative natural increase of the population, the population of Ludza district is decreasing faster than the national average. Urban tourism is a growing tourism market. World tourism trends in today's market suggest that the number of tourists attracted by cities is increasing. Development of the tourism sector is one of the priorities of Ludza town development, as it promotes employment, business development, attraction of investments, as well as recognition of town image. In general this can be seen as a significant contribution to economic development but so far in the framework of the development of the Ludza town, tourism development opportunities have not been fully identified and used, and development is necessary continuously. It is important to conduct surveys, including surveying local people and tourism experts to find out the interests of visitors. This article will analyze the main principles and objectives for tourism development in towns. The aim of the article is to theoretically justify the need for tourism planning and identification of development potential in the town, studying Ludza's example.

The objective of this study is to analyze the present and future climate-tourism conditions in Milos Island, Cyclades, Greece, by means of the assessment of the three climate components (physical, thermal, and aesthetic), which interprets the so-called climatic tourism potential. Milos Island is chosen as a representative island of the Cyclades complex in the Aegean Sea. Future climate change conditions are analyzed using the high-resolution simulations (grid size 0.11&deg, &times, 0.11&deg, ) of the Regional Climate Model ALADIN 5.2 from Centre National de Recherche Meteorologiques, Meteo France (CNRM). The climate simulations concern the future periods 2021&ndash, 2050 and 2071&ndash, 2100 against the reference period 1961&ndash, 1990, under two Representative Concentration Pathways, RCP4.5 and RCP8.5. Based on regional climate simulations, the tourism potential can be described in a meaningful and simple way by applying the Climate-Tourism-Information-Scheme (CTIS), which depicts detailed climate information that could be used by tourists to foresee the thermal comfort, aesthetic, and physical conditions for planning their vacations. More specifically, the thermal climate component is interpreted by the Physiologically Equivalent Temperature (PET), which is one of the most popular physiological thermal indices based on the human energy balance. The findings of the analysis could be used by stakeholders and the tourism industry in decision-making regarding the destination of Milos for tourism planning and touristic infrastructure development.

Besparmak Mountain which is in western Anatolia attracts attentions with its cultural, natural, geological, historical, archaeological and mythological characteristics and recreational potential. The fascinating rock formations within the area provide considerable amount of geo–tourism opportunities. The mountains have interesting monasteries carrying examples of Byzantine fresco art. In addition The Lake Bafa is among the most important bird areas of Turkey. It was concluded in the study that instead of the attempts to acquire the area only for tourism by determining its natural, cultural and aesthetical values, it should be planned in a nature protective approach considering current alternative tourism potentials such as geo–tourism, cultural tourism, nature tourism and should be planned by seeing the area as whole.

Safranbolu is one of the richest towns in Turkey in terms of culture and history. It has a wide range of historical and cultural background. Safranbolu had been under the influence of Hellenistic period, Byzantium and Ottoman civilizations according to the explorations in the region. Among the properties of Safranbolu there are Safranbolu Houses, mosques, tombs, dervish lodges, inns, baths, bridges, fountains and libraries that can be considered valuable in terms of tourism potential. Safranbolu houses reflect the history, culture, economy and ways of living in the 18th and 19th centuries. Houses built in and around the valleys also reflect the geographical and environmental features of Safranbolu. Those houses and building have their own designs. Tas Minare Mosque, Koprulu Mehmet Pasa Mosque, Hidayetullah Mosque and Dagdelen Mosques are some of the historical ones that reflect the culture of their time. There are tombs which were built in the 19th century. Haci Emin Efendi Tomb, Hasan Baba Tomb, Seyh Mustafa Efendi Tomb are among them. It is possible to mention about two major dervish lodges one of which is Kalealti Lodge and the other is Ali Baba Lodge. Among the baths there are two significant ones; one of them is the old bath and the other is the new bath reflecting 14th century. Bridges and fountains are other cultural constituents in which have contributions to the tourism potential. (C) 2011 Published by Elsevier Ltd. Selection and/or peer-review under responsibility of The 2nd International Geography Symposium-Mediterranean Environment

The tourism potential is not an easy concept to define, because the scientific community has not yet accepted uniform indicators for its measurement. The evaluation of the tourism potential of the protected territories has become of great economic and social importance. This study contributes to their evaluation by using a system of 0–3 assessments. The system includes the following parameters: location and transport accessibility; conservation; tourist attractiveness and popularity; accommodation facilities. The study explores the tourism potential of the Protected Areas in the region of Shoumen. However, the results show that their significant tourism potential is not effectively used. According to their tourism potential the protected territories in the Shoumen district can be divided into four groups: 1) of a very high potential; 2) of a high potential; 3) of a considerable potential; 4) of a limited potential. Out of all examined protected territories in the Shoumen district only the Shoumen Plateau Nature Park was assessed as „of a very high potential”. The results also showed that 3 protected areas were assessed as „of a high potential”, 9 – „of a considerable potential”, and 6 – „of a limited potential”. The opportunities for a better utilization of the tourism potential of the protected areas in the district of Shoumen through the development of youth, student and educational travel are recommended. The evaluation system used in this study could be applied for protected areas in other parts of the country.

The development of the tourism sector in Wonogiri Regency is still more left behind than PacitanRegency and Gunungkidul Regency. This problem may possibility by the weakness in the policy fromWonogiri Regency Government. Thus, we need research which have purposes : (1) to know economicdevelopment in Wonogiri Regency (2) to know tourism objects which have potential amendable,(3) to know efficiency from tourism objects management, and (3) formulate direction and strategiesdevelopment of potential tourism object for sustainable development. Spot of the research in 40tourism objects with survey and interview respondent. Analysis data use entropi method, scoringmethod, description method, DEA method, AHP method, IFAS method, EFAS method, Matrix IEmethod, Matrix Space method and A’WOT method. The results show five county with best economicdevelopment are Wonogiri, Ngadirojo, Pracimantoro, Jatisrono and Baturetno; there five tourismobjects with potentially classification to develop are Setren Girimanik, Sendang Asri, Karamba Cakaran,Puppet Tourism Village Kepuhsari and Karst Museum; Tourism objects with efficient management areSetren Girimanik, Sendang Asri and Karst Museum; Tourism management from Gunungkidul Regencycan adapt in Wonogiri Regency; Priority strategies which recommended are make four tourism regionand increasing tourism objects accessibility.