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With the global popularity of Internet of Things (IoT) technology, increasingly numbers of digital mobile products have been developed, and they have increased the productivity of people’s daily lives. These electronic products are used in all aspects of life, such as medical care, office life, home services, and sports. However, most of these products are designed for healthy people with high literacy rates. For disabled people, these products cannot be widely used. In this paper, new, differently shaped touch sensors are proposed for body sensor network-based devices. This touch sensor can be formed into any shape because of the use of conductive fabric adhesive tape as a switch. That property is why the sensor can change positions in the body sensor network in which the human body is used as a trigger to safely activate the touch switch. The number of switch sensors can easily be increased or decreased without changing the wiring of the central controller. The number of sensors in a switch sensor system is greater than that in other touch switch systems, and the accuracy is higher.

A switch is a typical input interface. There are various types of switches according to the purpose and preference. In this speech, I will introduce a film type of touch panel switch that can be bended, added, and deleted. Since the switch is made of a thin film, it can be changed to various shapes and easily painted. Furthermore, even if a part of the touch switch is replaced with a push button or a toggle switch, it operates correctly. This makes it possible to easily create an arbitrary switch according to the preference required by the user. On the other hand, recently, the demand for non-contact switch is increasing. However, non-contact switch sometimes malfunctions when a people approaches it. Thus, I propose a new signal code for non-contact. A waving action is used to do the code. By using the code, it is possible to easily practice a plurality of operations without malfunction.

This paper proposes a novel underactuated robot finger with a limit of electromagnet brake, which integrates three grasping modes, parallel pinching, coupling, and self-adaptive grasping. This finger is named LEMB finger. In the LEMB finger with two joints, a motor with reducer, a differential transmission mechanism, gear transmission mechanisms, an electromagnet, a touch switch, a movable limit is designed. The status of the electromagnet can be switched in different modes of the parallel pinching and coupled grasping. The self-adaptive grasping will be effective due to springs and the electromagnet brake. There are three sets of gear chains for power transmission, springs ensures non-conflict in their motion. Analysis results show that the finger has good adaptability and grasping ability. Due to multiple grasping modes, the finger can adapt to objects of different shapes and sizes. The finger has a wider range of applications.

In this study, we focus on a texture of papers, propose a tactile paper interface using a tablet device, to extend touchscreen interface. Combining a paper with a tablet device, the system enables the use of various tactile prompt that papers have, as touch switch. A user touches tactile prompt on a paper, can read context to move fingers. Also, a user gets visual and auditory feedback provided in conjunction with own finger movement, can manipulate spontaneously. We developed the prototype system and application, that a user can edit configuration and parameter of switch on paper arbitrarily.

Printed electronics offer new possibilities in the design of footprints and integrated mechatronic systems. Fast and uncomplicated customization and cost-efficient fabrication are further benefits of this technology. In combination with other production processes like pick-and-place systems or fused filament fabrication (FFF), functional applications like communication or sensing devices can be produced in a very flexible way. The authors demonstrate how to produce a capacitive sensor system on three millimeter window glass by combining the piezo-jet technology and a pick-and-place system within a single five-axis CNC machine. The piezo-jet system is used to produce the circuitry by printing silver micro paste onto the glass plate. The process is maskless, works with a standoff-distance between one and ten millimeters and can process inks and pastes with a viscosity from 50 mPas to 200,000 mPas. The pick-and-place system puts all necessary surface mounted devices (SMD) directly onto the liquid paste which contains adhesives. The only process that takes place outside the machine is the sintering. However, by integrating an ultra violet (UV) or near infrared (NIR) curing system this process step could also be carried out within the machine. After the sintering the system is fully functional and does not require any further post-processing. The system consists of a micro-controller, two capacitive proximity detection ICs, resistors and capacitors. The digital outputs of the sensors could be used to control any given application, for reasons of illustration the functionality of the system is shown by an additionally mounted LED-strip. The system is easy to design and quick to adapt since the electronic layout is based on the standard layout of the IC-provider and the used software uncomplicated and open-source. Due to the placement at the back of the glass the system is perfectly protected against mechanical and chemical influences. It detects all kind of materials so the sensors can be triggered while wearing gloves or by people with a hand prosthesis. Moreover, the sensitivity can be easily adjusted over the software of the microcontroller which makes the application easy adaptable to several conditions. By recognizing different touch patterns, different operating modes can be performed. Currently the sensor system works as a touch switch, but it could also be adapted to realize a low-cost distance sensor. The flexibility of the used five axis system in combination with the high standoff-distance of the piezo-jet print head offers the possibility to print such systems on a wide spectrum of three-dimensional bodies. Even printing around or into corners is possible. With this method existing components can be functionalized electronically without having to redesign them. The produced demonstrator shows the possibility to extend a component by operating elements, but the capabilities go much further. Existing components can not only be extended by numerous sensor functions, communication elements such as Bluetooth or W-Lan antennas can also be realized in this way.

Recently, the smart switch becomes more and more popular in many applications, for example, the smart home system. Even in some legacy equipments, the switch also is changing from the mechanical contact type to a smart touch style. The touch switch described in this paper has the function of bending and adding. Furthermore, changing the number of switches can be performed without changing the center system. In our previous research, the availability is low because the maximum number of switch is limited which is less than 20. In order to solve this problem, a new touch switch model was proposed. In this study, human body is used as trigger only to activate touch switch but not as a part of closed current circuit for measuring anymore. For determining the touch switch number, DC current is used. The DC current obtains a large and stable current than that of conventional method, and the result is not a ff ected seriously by noise. Benefit from this idea, the accuracy is tremendously improved. The number of switches are able to connect to a single system extends to 400. It is enough for a practical application.

Glucose-responsive insulin delivery systems, which can maintain a stable level of blood glucose, have been proposed as a promising method to treat diabetes. Such systems can reduce potential toxicity and enhance patient compliance compared to traditional therapies. Accordingly, we designed a mesoporous silica nanoparticle (MSN)-based glucose-sensitive and self-regulated drug release system to achieve the goal of long circulation and "touch switch" in vivo. In this system, carboxyphenylboronic acid (CPBA) was first modified on the surface of MSN using amidation reaction. Insulin (INS) was then loaded in the channels of MSN (CPBA-MSN/INS) through physical adsorption, and sodium alginate (SA) was introduced onto the surface of the CPBA-MSN/INS nanoparticles as the gatekeeper via amidation reaction (SA/CPBA-MSN/INS). We found the drug loading capacity of INS was 261 mg/g. In the normal range of blood glucose, INS was scarcely released due to the reversible covalent interaction between 1,2-diols of SA and CPBA. Within the high concentration of glucose, the boronate esters could be dissociated, which results in the mesoporous channels opening and the release of INS. In vivo experiments on diabetic mice showed SA/CPBA-MSN/INS sustained a normal blood glucose level for up to 12 h with a single dose. Moreover, the lipid metabolism disorder and organ damage of diabetic mice were alleviated after treatment with SA/CPBA-MSN/INS. Therefore, SA/CPBA-MSN/INS characterized by an "on-off" regulated drug release property and high biosafety shows promise for applications in diabetes treatment.

Womenare facing many security problems nowadays. In such cases, she feels handicapped and need help to protect herself. Hence there must be a smart device which can protect her in such difficult situations. Here we introduce a smart device which ensures the protection of women. This smart device will be clipped to the footwear of a woman and can be triggered discreetly on tapping her feet 10 or more times within 5 seconds or with one touch switch system. Along with this unnatural rise or fall of her heartbeat will also be sensed and the values of the same will be displayed on the ‘Women Security’ mobile application which is developed by us and installed in her smart phone. Simultaneously audio recording feature in the application will record the incident that can be used later as a proof if required. At the same time, a buzzer gets sounded which would make the surroundings alert and she can get immediate help. For her self-defence, there is a knife attached to the device.

Conventional touch switches are restricted to use on a display, wall or other flat surfaces. Thus, theycannot be applied to many things with any different shapes. In addition, since the traditional touch switch isembedded to a product, the user is unable to change its shape and position after shipment. In this paper, wepropose a touch switch whose shape and location can be arbitrarily changed. Since each touch switch is made ofan electric conductive film like aluminum foil, the touch switches with many different shapes can be put onto anysurfaces. The preliminary experiments show that touch switches made of aluminum foil with different shapes canbe pushed correctly by human finger.

A complementary operating dual-chip contactless card is designed by incorporating an integrated touch switch to avoid potential identity theft.The designed contactless card contains two microchips for a credit card and a transport card. Users can select which card will be used by touching the integrated switch, which is composed of parallel copper plates. By touching the integrated switch with a finger, the impedance of the switch is changed and the power transferred to the microchip is also changed. When the power transferred to the microchip is higher than the threshold power, the microchip is activated. In the normal state, i.e., the untouched state, only the microchip for the transport card is activated. When the switch is touched by a finger, the microchip for the transport card is deactivated and the microchip for the credit card is activated. By incorporating a simple touch switch, the smart card can be under the user's control so that unwanted identity theft or unauthorized credit card charges can be avoided. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 54:529–533, 2013; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/mop.27362

Longicorn beetle is an important wood-boring insect. In order to probe into the effective eco-friendly method controlling longicorn beetle, this document recommends a new dual optical digital machine for killing the larva of longicorn beetle with microwave based on the arduino. This machine uses the arduino with temperature controller as the core, touch switch, and a temperature sensor as important parts. By using arduino and sensor measurement technology, a kind of economical close-loop grinding control system is formed to control the temperature with the control of duty cycle and frequency of pulses. The results of the operation showed that the temperature controlling, microwave power is adjustable, man - machine dialogue is woven and seized. It is reliable to be easy to operate and high in automation.

The goal of our research is to realize a configurable wearable device made with cloth. We proposed a wearable device made with cloth as well as multiple cloth switches, each having a different function. Through our proposed system, a user can add or remove functions by simply attaching or removing relevant switches from the proposed cloth based wearable device, as well as switch functions on or off by simply touching the switches.

In the present work, a commercial device for the detection of H 2 S using SnO 2 ; CuO thin film as a sensing material has been demonstrated. A complete device consist of SnO 2 : CuO sensor thin film deposited on alumina substrate, teflon head in stainless steel housing containing the temperature control circuit with Pt-50 based heater and Pt-100 as reader, and a stand-alone monitor consisting of Data Acquisition & Control Board (DACB) and touch screen based human-machine interface (HMI) module. The monitor measures the change in resistance of sensor element on exposure to gas and displays the result in concentration (ppm). The monitor is also provided with a programmable alarm set point, touch switch to change between Normal/ Calibration Mode and provision to enter the historical logs like last sensor installation date, last sensor calibration date, last fault detail etc,.

For vegetable planting industry, root nematode is a kind of stubborn disease and insect pest. In order to improve the effect of kill root nematodes, the researchers use arduino as the core controller, use the touch switch and a temperature sensor through the sensor feedback signal, then change the pulse duty ratio control by thyristor temperature, and achieve the optimum insecticidal effect. Finally, the researchers conclude that with good temperature control, the microwave power is adjustable, the man-machine dialogue effect is good, the operation simple easy to master, and the automation level is high.

This paper is focus on simulation a kind of touch switch circuit which using a metal pieces as a switch. It is more convenient than the traditional mechanical switch and more durable. The simulation is based on PSPICE software and analog the action of a finger touch metal pieces. The simulation result shows that this circuit can be used as a switch and its power consumption is very low. This switch gets rid of the limitations of traditional switches, easy to use and can be applied to more cases, has a great prospect.

An optical touch and proximity sensor based on polymer light-emitting diodes and polymer photodiodes is presented. The sensor’s thin-film light sources and detectors are monolithically integrated in the same plane of a common substrate and are processed from the liquid phase at room-temperature. These key features make the sensor potentially attractive for applications where low cost, small device thickness, tight space requirements or mechanical flexibility matter, such as simple information displays with touch switch functionality, for example. A static light-emitting sign with integrated touch switch is demonstrated here.

With the rapid decrease in the younger population, Japan has become an aging society in the recent years. Althoughmore and more elder people are in need of care in their daily life, it is difficult for the work to be done by a relatively smallworkforce. Many elder people have to manage to take care of themselves with the help of automatic machines. Therefore,there is the very crucial task for engineers to make the user interface on these machines more understandable and easy tooperate. In this speech, some examples of new user interfaces such as light curtain and touch switch are introduced and theadvantages of these new inventions over the conventional designs are explained in detail.

Conventional touch switches are premised on the use of a display or wall or other flat surface. Thus, they cannot be applied to many things with any shapes. In addition, since the traditional touch switch is embedded to a product, the user is unable to change its shape and position after shipment. In this paper, we propose a touch switch whose shape and location can be arbitrarily changed. The user can arbitrarily change the shape, location and the number of switches of the touch switch flexibly. Through the preliminary experiments, we show that our touch switches can indicate the switch touched by finger.

There is the touch switch which works because a person comes into contact, and, however, unlike a conventional mechanical button switch, as for most of the conventional touch switch, a maker decides a shape. In addition, a spherical surface and the irregularity side are not included, and the place to establish is limited to a plane. Furthermore, it was common that it was incorporated in an apparatus beforehand and was shipped, and it has not been thought about a user changing them after the number and the shape of the switch, shipment including the placement. In this study, a user suggests the touch switch which can change the shape of the switch, the number and placement optionally to like it. The touch switch to suggest this time is comprised of a power supply, a detecting element, a touch switch part. When I use a metal film and a metal film for a switch part and touch this metal film, an electric current drifts to the human body, and an electric current drifts to the whole circuit. And I distinguish the touch switch from the ratio of an electric current called off to a detecting element. It becomes in this way easy for the circuit which it can plan convenience and general purpose improvement, and it made in this study again to install plural switches by increasing the parts of the metal film not a high price like an existing touch switch because it becomes able to make a switch part a free shape, and it can change placement optionally by putting a metal film on various places as well as a plane, and putting it to be comprised of aluminum foil and the resistance that are a metal film.

Recently, a variety of user interfaces are used to control various electrical appliances and equipments. Almost all devices equipped push-button or touch panel so that they can be operated by using finger easily. These interfaces are very useful and convenient, but still they have some drawbacks such as the fixed size, the squared shape, and the flat surface. Due to these restrictions, it is hard to add or to remove buttons when the number of commands is altered. To solve the above problems, we propose a new type of touch panel switch. Proposed panel can be stuck on an arbitrary bended surface, and be cut to arbitrary shape. Moreover the number of switch for one device controlling can be easily altered. Thus, it can be placed at various target objects existing in human living space. For examples, table, desk, chair, doll, handle of vehicle, pillow, and people's bodies etc. The method, experiments, and the results are explained in this paper. The demonstration shows the effect of proposed touch switch.

Security concerns and privacy infringement can be serious problems in many applications of radio frequency identification (RFID) systems. Most of the problems are due to the lack of user control over the communication between RFID tags and readers. Giving the user control over the RFID link can alleviate potential security problems. A simple smart card that prevents unauthorized credit card payment or unwanted identification theft can be realized by integrating a simple electrical touch switch with a 14443 smart card. The smart card is activated only when the user touches the switch; specifically, the impedance of an interdigitated capacitor changes at the touch of a finger.

Transmissive and reflective optical touch switch architectures based on the use of light scattering are proposed. Key features include high ON/OFF switching ratio, tunable sensitivity, ease of implementation, and no leakage optical beam incident on the user. Experimental proof of concept using a visible laser diode and a plastic Dove prism arranged in the transmissive configuration shows a high 24.4 dB contrast ratio which is a hundred times higher than obtained in the previous total internal reflection-based optical touch switch. In addition, switching response in milliseconds is also investigated for both lifting and sliding the fingertip out of the touching surface of the optical touch switch. Our light scattering-based optical touch switch also supports multiple keystroke operation.

This paper proposes for the first time a novel optical touch switch structure based on the use of light total internal reflection (TIR) concept. Key features include ease of implementation, prevention of the light beam incident on the user's eyes, and ability to accept both strong and weak mechanical forces from users.

This study describes the motivation and the design considerations of an economical head-operated computer mouse. In addition, it focuses on the invention of a head-operated computer mouse that employs two tilt sensors placed in the headset to determine head position and to function as simple head-operated computer mouse. One tilt sensor detects the lateral head-motion to drive the left/right displacement of the mouse. The other one detects the head's vertical motion to move up and down with respect to the displacement of the mouse. A touch switch device was designed to contact gently with operator's cheek. Operator may puff his cheek to trigger the device to perform single click, double clicks, and drag commands. This system was invented to assist people with disabilities to live an independent professional life.

Percussion instrument using touch switch. Electric current flows by touching conducting pad with conducting stick. The microcontroller in main portion detects the said electronic current and recognizes which pad is hit by which stick to generate the sound of drum of hit pad. The stick portion may further contain vibration sensor and in this case the microcontroller recognizes the hit impact strength of stick on pad by analyzing the output of vibration sensor to control the volume of sound of drum. The information about playing drum recognized by microcontroller can be transmitted to outer system like PC by communication portion in main portion or used to generate the sound of drum by sound generation portion in main portion and if the communication portion is contained in main portion then the sound generation portion may be omitted.

This paper proposes for the first time an optical touch switch based on total internal reflection (TIR). Key features include ease of implementation, prevention of the light beam from becoming incident directly on the user's eyes, and ability to accept both strong and weak mechanical forces from users. Experimental proof of the concept in the touch-off, release-on mode using a Dove prism shows that a small electrical load (e.g., an LED) in the on state can be turned to the off state by just placing a finger with a measured small force of 0.3 N. The optical loss of 0.4 dB is also measured; it is due to back reflection from the Dove prism. In addition, two methods for removing the finger from the touching surface are studied, indicating that slide-out is suitable in practice for operating the TIR-based optical touch switch.

An audio and video effect stapler comprising a base. One end of the base is pivotally installed with a bind clip groove. Another ejecting seat is pivotally installed on the base. By pressing the ejecting seat, a bind clip protrudes out for binding papers. An audio and video device is installed in the space formed by the base and the ejecting seat. Another end of the base is connected to a touch switch of the audio and video device. The inner lateral surface of the ejecting seat is installed with a press corresponding to the touch switch. As the press binds clip protrudes out. The press exactly presses on the touch switch so that the audio and video device emits sound and light for increasing the interest of using a stapler and the stapler has an effect of decoration.

A review of the work performed on the Alvey project ‘Interactive DC powder EL display systems’ is presented. The research carried out resulted in new theories being presented for the mechanisms of luminance degradation in DC electroluminescent displays. Commercial displays, with touch switch control, are now available as a result of the project.

The design philosophy of an electronic circuit for a single-element liquid-crystal touch switch is described. The resulting device achieves excellent touch sensitivity and retains good noise rejection and long-term stability. Successful circuit operation does not rely on critical selection of components.

This note describes a touch-sensitive electric switch based on a Darlington amplifier transistor. Since the switch is battery-operated, it may be used in psychophysiological recording applications where 60-Hz interference usually causes problems.

A new type of touch switch based on the standard liquid-crystal display cell has been developed. The switch, which responds to slight finger pressure, overcomes many of the problems associated with conventional touch switches. The letter describes the operating principle, realignment due to liquid flow, and reports measurements of switch sensitivity.

Disclosed is a touch operated capacitance switch which may be used in connection with a digital arpeggio system for an electronic organ that through the use of digital techniques permits arpeggios, note sequences as well as strum, multi, organ, and normal modes of operation to be played automatically. Two counters scan by counting through an 8×8 matrix of 64 words covering the 61 notes of an organ in rapid sequence upon the playing of one or more organ keys. Each word is fed to a corresponding one of 61 decoders, one for each note of the keyboard. If a corresponding key has been played, the decoder provides a signal to a corresponding pulser circuit which enables a corresponding keyer to transmit an audio signal from an audio oscillator corresponding to the played key to an output system and loudspeaker. The two counters are stopped by a clock control while the note is sounded and then the counters are enabled by the counter control to continue counting through the matrix until the next actuated key is located. The two counters can be controlled to count up only, or up and down so that both and up and an up-down arpeggio can be sounded. A sequence control is also provided so that the sequence of the sounding of the played notes can be varied by changing the pattern of the words supplied by the two counters so that the notes can be sounded out of their normal chromatic order. The system also permits normal mode of operation so that the notes are sounded as the keys are played, multi mode so that octavely related notes are sounded or a strum mode simulating the strum of a guitar or banjo strings. The touch operated capacitance switch provided is so that the organist can change the mode of operation rapidly during playing by maintaining physical contact with the capacitance touch switch.