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5th International Jellyfish Bloom Symposium, 30 May to 3 June 2016, Barcelona.-- 1 page, Finfish marine aquaculture farms across European coasts have been repeatedly affected by mortality events following the occurrence of episodic high densities of gelatinous cnidarians. Due to their stinging cells and venoms, these jellyfish species may severely damage fish gills. Gill disorders were observed in sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) fish farms along the Spanish Mediterranean coast. To investigate the potential for cnidarian-related pathologies affecting cage-reared fish, biweekly monitoring of zooplankton, phytoplankton and farmed fish gills were performed at two aquaculture facilities from south-western Spain from January 2012 to June 2014 (Almería facility) and June 2013 to June 2014 (Málaga facility). Analyzed data showed significant and positive correlation between the densities of planktonic hydrozoans and the recorded fish mortalities; in particular, the most related species were the siphonophores Muggiaea atlantica, Muggiaea kochi, and the actinulae larvae of Ectopleura larynx hydroid which is usually forming part of cage net biofouling community. Moreover, low temperature, high cnidarians densities and farmed fish mortalities were significantly associated. Finally, gill damage scores were positively correlated with cnidarians densities, while other gelatinous zooplankton groups and the studied phytoplankton species seemed not to be related with recorded fish gill disorders and mortality, even if high density peak of Chaetoceros sp. was observed coinciding with fish mortality event in Almería fish farm. This work may provide baseline information to develop methodological action plans and protocols to prevent and mitigate the impacts of jellyfish proliferations on finfish aquaculture farms

Mastogloia crucicula (Grunow) Cleve 1895 var. crucicula (Figs 9–14) Basionym:— Orthoneis crucicula Grunow 1877, p. 143. Synonym: — Mastogloia quadrinotata Østrup 1904, p. 149, pl. 2 fig. 33. References:— Hustedt 1933, p. 475, fig. 894; Hendey 1970, p. 145, pl. 1, fig. 8; Ricard 1973, p. 164, pl. 3, fig. 11, non fig. 12; Stephens & Gibson 1979a, p. 502, figs 17–24, 1980, fig. 42; Tomàs 1982, pl. 4, fig. 9; Navarro 1983, p. 120, figs 30, 31; Paddock & Kemp 1990, figs 32, 63, 111, 134; Hein et al. 1993, figs 16, 17, 2008, p. 63, pl. 36, figs 6, 7; John 1994, p. 193, fig. 26; Witkowski et al. 2000, p. 242, pl. 75, figs 3, 14, as M. ovulum. Material:— Sample from Siladen, Indonesia. SEM stub no. DISVAR-ANS7SP4. SEM morphology:— The external valve surface shows a raphe-sternum that is transapically dilated at centre into a narrow fascia that extends almost up to the valve margins (Figs 9, 12, 14). The raphe consists externally of two straight branches which are ending centrally and distally in expanded pores (Figs 9, 10, 14). Internally, the raphe branches are straight and bordered by ribs which are ending at poles in distinct and slightly raised helictoglossae (Figs 11–13). The transapical striae (18–25 in 10 µm) are uniseriate and they vary from parallel at centre to radiate at apices (Figs 9, 12, 14). The external openings of the areolae are rounded with a siliceous more or less crescentic edged-flap covering them (i.e., vola) and facing the valve margin, except for the first longitudinal row bordering the raphe-sternum where the areolae open to the raphe (Figs 9, 10, 14). There are four, sometimes three, bilobed partecta (0.7–1.4 µm in width) which are located in each quadrant of the valve on the valvocopula (Figs 12, arrowhead, 13). Each partectum is ornamented with small pores arranged inwardly in parallel rows (Fig. 11) and communicating with the exterior through an elongate partectal pore positioned opposite to the concave side of the partectal lobe (Figs 13, arrowhead, 14). Length: 10.2–29.1 µm; width: 6.7–11.5 µm (Table 1)., Published as part of Pennesi, Chiara, Poulin, Michel, Hinz, Friedel, Romagnoli, Tiziana, Stefano, Mario De & Totti, Cecilia, 2013, Comparison of two new species of Mastogloia (Bacillariophyceae) with other small members of section Ellipticae, pp. 1-21 in Phytotaxa 126 (1) on page 5, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.126.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/5085212, {"references":["Cleve, P. T. (1895) Synopsis of the naviculoid diatoms. Part II. Kongliga Svenska Vetenskaps-Akademiens Handlingar 27: 1 - 219.","Grunow, A. (1877) New Diatoms from Honduras, with notes by F. Kitton. Monthly Microscopical Journal 18: 165 - 186, pls 193 - 196. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1365 - 2818.1877. tb 00123. x","Ostrup, E. (1904) Marine diatoms. Botanisk Tidsskrift 26: 115 - 161.","Hustedt, F. (1933) Die Kieselalgen Deutschlands, Osterreichs und der Schweiz unter Berucksichtigung der ubrigen Lander Europas sowie der angrenzenden Meeresgebiete. In: Rabenhorst, L. (ed.), Kryptogamen Flora von Deutschland, Osterreich und der Schweiz. Akademische Verlagsgesellschaft m. b. h. Leipzig, Vol. 7, Part 2, pp. 321 - 576.","Hendey, N. I. (1970) Some littoral diatoms of Kuwait. Nova Hedwigia 31: 107 - 167.","Ricard, M. (1973) Etude taxinomique des diatomees marines du lagon de Vairao (Tahiti). I. Le genre Mastogloia. Revue Algologique 11: 161 - 177.","Stephens, F. C. & Gibson, R. A. (1979 a) Ultrastructural studies on some Mastogloia (Bacillariophyceae) species belonging to the group Ellipticae. Botanica Marina 22: 499 - 509. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1515 / botm. 1979.22.8.499","Tomas, X. (1982) El genero Mastogloia en los sistemas acuaticos del litoral mediterraneo espanol. Collectanea Botanica 13: 929 - 944.","Navarro, J. N. (1983) A survey of the marine diatoms of Puerto Rico. VI. Suborder Rhaphidineae: Family Naviculaceae (genera Haslea, Mastogloia and Navicula). Botanica Marina 26: 119 - 136. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1515 / botm. 1983.26.3.119","Paddock, T. B. B. & Kemp, K. - D. (1990) An illustrated survey of the morphological features of the diatom genus Mastogloia. Diatom Research 5: 73 - 103. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1080 / 0269249 x. 1990.9705095","Hein, M. K., Winsborough, B. M., Davis, J. S. & Golubic, S. (1993) Extracellular structures produced by marine species of Mastogloia. Diatom Research 8: 73 - 88. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1080 / 0269249 x. 1993.9705240","John, J. (1994) Mastogloia species associated with active stromatolites in Shark Bay, west coast of Australia. In: Kociolek, J. P. (ed.), Proceedings of the eleventh international diatom symposium. California Academy of Sciences, San Francisco, pp. 189 - 209.","Witkowski, A., Lange-Bertalot, H. & Metzeltin, D. (2000) Diatom flora of marine coasts. I. Iconographia Diatomologica 7: 1 - 925."]}

Mastogloia matthaei Pennesi & Poulin, sp. nov. (Figs 37–44, SEM; Figs 53–56, LM) Diagnosis:— Valvae ellipticae, 14.7–15.4 µm longae, 7.9–8.1 µm latae, rotundis apicibus. Extra raphe duobus ramis sinuosis constitutum, quod in parte media poris expansis, in parte autem distali poris leviter deflexis terminat; absunt terminales rimae. Interne raphe rectum est, quod in parte media elevato nodulo, in parte distali helictoglossa terminat. Transapicales striae uniseriatae (22–25 in 10 µm), parallelae in parte media, flexae et radiatae ad polos. Areolae quadriangulae in externa valva, at in interna longitudinales lineas formant. Partecta bilobata, apicaliter extensa, similia in mensura (1.0– 1.5 µm lata). Omne partectum in parte externa porum habet. Description:— Valves elliptical, highly silicified, with rounded apices, 14.3–18.8 µm long and 7.9–10.1 µm wide (Figs 37, 43, 53–56). Externally, two sinuous raphe branches end in expanded central pores and in slightly deflected pores at poles; no terminal fissure present (Figs 37–39, 43). Internally, two straight raphe branches ending in raised central nodule and helictoglossae at poles (Figs 40, 41, 44). The uniseriate transapical striae (22–28 in 10 µm) are parallel at centre to curved and radiate at poles, forming a thickened irregular longitudinal pattern (Figs 37, arrowhead, 43). Externally, areolae are quadrangular and sunken on the valve surface, smaller in size at margin and absent on the mantle. Internally, areolae open through small rounded foramina aligned apically to form rather longitudinal rows (Figs 40, 41, 44). Bilobed partecta, equal in shape and size (1.0– 1.5 µm in width), apically oriented and distributed along the whole length of the partectal ring up to the apex (Figs 40, arrowhead, 42, 44, 53, 55); no septum hiding the helictoglossa (Figs 40, 42, 44). Each partectum is ornamented with small pores in parallel rows and opens to the outside through a partectal pore opposite to the concave side of the partectal lobe (Fig. 44). Holotype:— Circled specimen on slide CANA 86491 (Canadian Museum of Nature, Ottawa, Canada). The holotype specimen is illustrated in Figures 55 and 56. SEM images of the type material are Figs 37–44. Isotype:— Circled specimen on SEM stub no. DISVAR-ANS7SP46 (Department of Life Science and Environment, Polytechnical University of the Marche, Ancona, Italy). Type locality:— INDONESIA. Siladen Island: in the Bunaken Archipelago (1°37'22.84"N and 124°43'30.81"E), Celebes Sea. Epiphytic on seagrass. Collected by Dr. Francesca Azzini, 1 October 2005. Etymology:— The specific epithet refers to the first author's partner, Matteo Armatura., Published as part of Pennesi, Chiara, Poulin, Michel, Hinz, Friedel, Romagnoli, Tiziana, Stefano, Mario De & Totti, Cecilia, 2013, Comparison of two new species of Mastogloia (Bacillariophyceae) with other small members of section Ellipticae, pp. 1-21 in Phytotaxa 126 (1) on page 10, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.126.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/5085212

Mastogloia ovalis Schmidt 1893 in A. Schmidt et al. 1874 –1959 (Figs 21–28) References:— Schmidt et al. 1874 –1959, pl. 175, fig. 30; Hustedt 1933, p. 474, fig. 893; Ricard 1973, p. 168, pl. 1, fig. 6, 1975, p. 53, pl. 2, figs 12, 13; Montgomery 1978, pl. 141, fig. F, as M. ovulum; Stephens & Gibson 1979a, p. 505, figs 33–40, 1979b, fig. 5; Navarro 1982, p. 40, pl. 26, fig. 3; Tomàs 1982, figs 16, 17; Paddock & Kemp 1990, figs 31, 113, as M. ovata; Witkowski et al. 2000, p. 255, pl. 75, figs 11–13; Hein et al. 2008, p. 69, pl. 40, fig. 6. Material:— Sample from Siladen, Indonesia. SEM stub no. DISVAR-ANS2SP17. SEM morphology:— The raphe consists externally of two straight branches that are ending in expanded central and terminal pores (Figs 21, 22, 28). Internally, the raphe branches are bordered by slightly elevated ribs, with a raised central nodule and helictoglossae at poles (Figs 24, 25, 27). The transapical striae (18–26 in 10 µm) are uniseriate and they are radiate at centre to curved and radiate at the poles crossed by slightly quincunx pattern (Figs 21, 28). Externally, the areolae are rounded and they are covered by distinct tonguelike vola with horseshoe-shaped edges; none are present on the mantle (Figs 22, 23, 28). Each side of the valvocopula bears between two to eight bilobed partecta similar in shape and size (1.0– 1.6 µm in width), which are distributed along most of the length of the partectal ring but without reaching the apex (Figs 24, arrowhead, 27). Each partectum is clearly differentiated by a distinct indentation between them (Figs 24, 26) and is ornamented on its surface with small pores in parallel rows (Fig. 26). Each partectum opens to the outside through an elongate partectal pore positioned opposite to the concave side of the partectal lobes (Figs 23, 27, arrowheads, 28). Length: 10.5–24.0 µm; width: 6.4–11.6 µm (Table 1)., Published as part of Pennesi, Chiara, Poulin, Michel, Hinz, Friedel, Romagnoli, Tiziana, Stefano, Mario De & Totti, Cecilia, 2013, Comparison of two new species of Mastogloia (Bacillariophyceae) with other small members of section Ellipticae, pp. 1-21 in Phytotaxa 126 (1) on page 6, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.126.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/5085212, {"references":["Schmidt, A., Schmidt, M., Fricke, F., Heiden, H., Muller, O. & Hustedt, F. (1874 - 1959) Atlas der Diatomaceen-Kunde. Aschersleben Leipzig, Berlin. 120 pp., 460 pls.","Hustedt, F. (1933) Die Kieselalgen Deutschlands, Osterreichs und der Schweiz unter Berucksichtigung der ubrigen Lander Europas sowie der angrenzenden Meeresgebiete. In: Rabenhorst, L. (ed.), Kryptogamen Flora von Deutschland, Osterreich und der Schweiz. Akademische Verlagsgesellschaft m. b. h. Leipzig, Vol. 7, Part 2, pp. 321 - 576.","Ricard, M. (1973) Etude taxinomique des diatomees marines du lagon de Vairao (Tahiti). I. Le genre Mastogloia. Revue Algologique 11: 161 - 177.","Montgomery, R. T. (1978) Environmental and ecological studies of the diatom communities associated with the coral reefs of the Florida Keys. Vol. 2. Ph. D. dissertation, Florida State University. 115 - 141 pls.","Stephens, F. C. & Gibson, R. A. (1979 a) Ultrastructural studies on some Mastogloia (Bacillariophyceae) species belonging to the group Ellipticae. Botanica Marina 22: 499 - 509. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1515 / botm. 1979.22.8.499","Navarro, J. N. (1982) Marine diatoms associated with mangrove prop roots in the Indian River, Florida, U. S. A. Bibliotheca Phycologica 61: 1 - 151.","Tomas, X. (1982) El genero Mastogloia en los sistemas acuaticos del litoral mediterraneo espanol. Collectanea Botanica 13: 929 - 944.","Paddock, T. B. B. & Kemp, K. - D. (1990) An illustrated survey of the morphological features of the diatom genus Mastogloia. Diatom Research 5: 73 - 103. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1080 / 0269249 x. 1990.9705095","Witkowski, A., Lange-Bertalot, H. & Metzeltin, D. (2000) Diatom flora of marine coasts. I. Iconographia Diatomologica 7: 1 - 925.","Hein, M. K., Winsborough, B. M. & Sullivan, M. J. (2008) Bacillariophyta (diatoms) of the Bahamas. Iconographia Diatomologica 19: 1 - 303."]}

Pennesi, Chiara, Poulin, Michel, Hinz, Friedel, Romagnoli, Tiziana, Stefano, Mario De, Totti, Cecilia (2013): Comparison of two new species of Mastogloia (Bacillariophyceae) with other small members of section Ellipticae. Phytotaxa 126 (1): 1-21, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.126.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.126.1.1

Mastogloia matthaei Pennesi & Poulin, sp. nov. (Figs 37–44, SEM; Figs 53–56, LM) Diagnosis:— Valvae ellipticae, 14.7–15.4 µm longae, 7.9–8.1 µm latae, rotundis apicibus. Extra raphe duobus ramis sinuosis constitutum, quod in parte media poris expansis, in parte autem distali poris leviter deflexis terminat; absunt terminales rimae. Interne raphe rectum est, quod in parte media elevato nodulo, in parte distali helictoglossa terminat. Transapicales striae uniseriatae (22–25 in 10 µm), parallelae in parte media, flexae et radiatae ad polos. Areolae quadriangulae in externa valva, at in interna longitudinales lineas formant. Partecta bilobata, apicaliter extensa, similia in mensura (1.0– 1.5 µm lata). Omne partectum in parte externa porum habet. Description:— Valves elliptical, highly silicified, with rounded apices, 14.3–18.8 µm long and 7.9–10.1 µm wide (Figs 37, 43, 53–56). Externally, two sinuous raphe branches end in expanded central pores and in slightly deflected pores at poles; no terminal fissure present (Figs 37–39, 43). Internally, two straight raphe branches ending in raised central nodule and helictoglossae at poles (Figs 40, 41, 44). The uniseriate transapical striae (22–28 in 10 µm) are parallel at centre to curved and radiate at poles, forming a thickened irregular longitudinal pattern (Figs 37, arrowhead, 43). Externally, areolae are quadrangular and sunken on the valve surface, smaller in size at margin and absent on the mantle. Internally, areolae open through small rounded foramina aligned apically to form rather longitudinal rows (Figs 40, 41, 44). Bilobed partecta, equal in shape and size (1.0– 1.5 µm in width), apically oriented and distributed along the whole length of the partectal ring up to the apex (Figs 40, arrowhead, 42, 44, 53, 55); no septum hiding the helictoglossa (Figs 40, 42, 44). Each partectum is ornamented with small pores in parallel rows and opens to the outside through a partectal pore opposite to the concave side of the partectal lobe (Fig. 44). Holotype:— Circled specimen on slide CANA 86491 (Canadian Museum of Nature, Ottawa, Canada). The holotype specimen is illustrated in Figures 55 and 56. SEM images of the type material are Figs 37–44. Isotype:— Circled specimen on SEM stub no. DISVAR-ANS7SP46 (Department of Life Science and Environment, Polytechnical University of the Marche, Ancona, Italy). Type locality:— INDONESIA. Siladen Island: in the Bunaken Archipelago (1°37'22.84"N and 124°43'30.81"E), Celebes Sea. Epiphytic on seagrass. Collected by Dr. Francesca Azzini, 1 October 2005. Etymology:— The specific epithet refers to the first author's partner, Matteo Armatura.

Chemical interactions between macroalgae and other organisms play an important role in determining species compositions and dominance patterns, and can explain the widespread success of some species in establishing their predominant populations in a specific coastal area. Allelopathy could act as a self-regulatory strategy of the algal community, being not only a succession regulator but also an active mechanism maintaining the species diversity especially in a delimited environment, such as the benthic ecosystem. Polyunsaturated aldehydes (PUAs) are among the most studied allelopathic compounds and are commonly released into the aquatic envi-ronment by different phytoplankton species in response to environmental stressors (e.g. wounding, grazing, or competition for nutrients). Diatom-released PUAs were observed to affect phytoplankton community dynamics and structure, and showed inhibitory effects on the reproduction and development of marine invertebrates. As for macroalgae, there are only a few reports that attest to the production of PUAs, and mostly refer to Ulva spp. In this study, the production of PUAs by several Mediterranean macroalgae was investigated at different sampling times, aiming at providing the first evidence of potential allelochemical activity. Results highlighted the potential production by macroalgae of a variety of aldehydes, among which some have never reported so far. Some species (i.e. D. polypodioides and U. cf. rigida) were found to produce higher PUAs amounts than others, and even a wider variety of structures (e.g. length of the carbon chain); these species might exert strong effects on epiphytic species or other organisms of the benthic community, especially considering the differential sensitivities of the various taxa. A high dPUA concentration (order of μM) potentially due to the release of PUAs by algal species was found, and might affect the population dynamics of the epiphytic organisms (e.g. microalgae, meiofauna), of grazers, as well as of the microbial community.

The new benthic toxic dinoflagellate Ostreopsis fattorussoi sp. nov. is described from eastern Mediterranean Sea Lebanon and Cyprus coasts, supported by morphological and molecular data. The plate formula, Po, 3’, 7’’, 6c, 7s, 5’’’, 2’’’’, is typical for the Ostreopsis genus. It differs from all other Ostreopsis species in that i) the curved suture between plates 1’ and 3’ makes them approximately hexagonal, ii) the 1’ plate lies in the left-half of the epitheca and is obliquely orientated leading to a characteristic shape of plate 6’’. The round thecal pores are bigger than the other two Mediterranean species (O. cf. ovata and O. cf. siamensis). O. fattorussoi is among the smallest species of the genus (DV: 60.07±5.63 μm, AP: 25.66±2.97 μm, W: 39.81±5.05 μm) along with O. ovata. Phylogenetic analyses based on the LSU and ITS rDNA shows that O. fattorussoi belongs to the Atlantic/Mediterranean Ostreopsis spp. clade separated from the other Ostreopsis species. O. fattorussoi produces OVTX-a and structural isomers OVTX-d and –e, O. cf. ovata is the only other species of this genus known to produce these toxins. The Lebanese O. fattorussoi did not produce the new palytoxin-like compounds (ovatoxin-i, ovatoxin-j1, ovatoxin-j2, and ovatoxin-k) that were previously found in O. fattorussoi from Cyprus. The toxin content was in the range of 0.28-0.94 pg. cell−1. In Lebanon coast, O. fattorussoi was recorded throughout the year 2015 (temperature range 18-31.5 °C), with peaks in June and August. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.