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هدفت الدراسة إلى معرفة مستوى تضمين أهداف التنمية المستدامة للأمم المتحدة في محتوى کتب الدراسات الاجتماعية والمواطنة للمرحلة الابتدائية، واعتمدت الدراسة المنهج الوصفي التحليلي، وشملت الدراسة جميع کتب الدراسات الاجتماعية والمواطنة للمرحلة الابتدائية والبالغ عددها (6) کتب، وتم استخدام بطاقة تحليل کأداة لجمع المعلومات، وتکونت البطاقة من أهداف التنمية المستدامة للأمم المتحدة السبعة عشر، ومن أهم نتائج الدراسة أن إجمالي تکرار أهداف التنمية المستدامة للأمم المتحدة في محتوى کتب الدراسات الاجتماعية والمواطنة للمرحلة الابتدائية بلغت (310) مره بمتوسط نسبة تضمين (33.3%) وهي تعکس مستوى تضمين منخفض لأهداف التنمية المستدامة للأمم المتحدة بمحتوى کتب الدراسات الاجتماعية والمواطنة للمرحلة الابتدائية، وأوصت الدراسة بالعديد من التوصيات أهمها: توجيه عناية القائمين على تخطيط المناهج الدراسية نحو أهمية رفع مستوى تضمين أهداف التنمية المستدامة للأمم المتحدة في محتوى کتب الدراسات الاجتماعية والمواطنة للمرحلة الابتدائية، واقترحت الدراسة إجراء دراسة تقويمية للتعرف على مدى وعي معلمي الدراسات الاجتماعية والمواطنة بالمرحلة الابتدائية لأهداف التنمية المستدامة للأمم المتحدة. The study aimed to determine the level of inclusion of the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals in the content of social studies and citizenship books for primary stage, where it adopted the analytical descriptive method, and included all (6) books of social studies and citizenship for the primary level. An analysis card was used as an information-gathering tool, which consisted of the 17 UN Sustainable Development Goals. One of the most important results of the study was that the total frequency of the UN Sustainable Development Goals in the content of the social studies and citizenship books for the primary level reached (310) times with an average inclusion rate of (33.3%), which reflects a low level of inclusion. The study recommended to direct the attention of curriculum planners to the importance of raising the level of inclusion of the UN Sustainable Development Goals in the content of the social studies and citizenship books for the primary level, and suggested conducting an evaluation study to identify the awareness of teachers of social studies and citizenship in the primary stage of UN Sustainable Development Goals.

Frequency diversity array (FDA) has been widely studied due to its nature of range-angle-dependent. However, the basic FDA generates an S-shaped range-angle coupled beampattern, which limits its application in target detection and localization. Recently, the FDA with sinusoidal frequency offset (Sin-FDA) has been proposed, which provides a narrow pencil beampattern, but at the cost of high sidelobes. In this letter, the FDA with modified sinusoidal frequency offset (MSin-FDA) is proposed. In MSin-FDA, the frequency offset of Msin-FDA can be flexibly adjusted by introducing extra configuration parameters. In addition, we use genetic algorithm to optimize the configuration parameters so as to obtain an enhanced beampattern. Simulation results demonstrate that, compared with the existing FDA schemes with nonuniform frequency offset, the proposed method has better spatial focusing, sidelobe suppression, and array resolution performance under the same total frequency offset.

Introduction Learn to Play Therapy aims to build children's ability to spontaneously initiate pretend play. The purpose of this study was to explore evidence for this therapy for children with autism spectrum disorder by investigating the changes in a child's pretend play and key techniques used in the process of therapy. Methods Six children with a diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder (mean age = 3.8 years; SD = 1.2 years) were engaged in therapy sessions with a parent. Four therapy session videos for each child were selected across four time points from 15 videos of each child, representing 6 months of therapy. Retrospective video analysis was used to investigate the changes in the child's ability by coding six play skills and enjoyment of play. Key techniques in the process of Learn to Play Therapy were analysed by frequency of occurrence during sessions. Results There was a significant increase in the child's pretend play ability for play scripts (p = .042), sequences of play actions (p = .043), object substitution (p = .043), doll/teddy play (p = .028), social interaction (p = .043) and enjoyment (p = .026). There was a mirroring of the therapist, parent and child for all key techniques, with parents showing increased frequency rates after Time 1. Repetition with variation decreased by Time 4. Challenging the child showed higher rates in Times 2 and 4. Focussed attention remained stable, and the child's talk during play had the highest total frequency. Conclusion Learn to Play Therapy is an effective therapy in building pretend play ability in children with autism, with parents increasing their involvement in using the key techniques after Time 1. The results inform therapists on how the key techniques were used within the therapy sessions to increase the child's pretend play ability.

Background The Behavior Problems Inventory-Short Form (BPI-S), which assesses behavior problems in individuals with intellectual disabilities (ID), is a shorter version of the BPI-01. This study investigated the reliability and validity of the BPI-S Japanese version (BPI-S-J) for adolescents/adults with ID and behavior problems. Methods The test–retest reliability included participants with ID and behavioral problems who were enrolled in welfare services. For test–retest reliability, 42 caregivers independently responded to the BPI-S-J every two weeks. Inter-rater reliability was independently assessed using the BPI-S-J by two caregivers who were familiar with the 42 participants. The participants of the validity assessment were 227 students from special needs schools or patients with ID admitted to medical institutions. The total frequency total score was compared based on the degree of ID. To examine the criterion-related validity, we analyzed the total frequency score, the total score of the Criteria for Determining Severe Problem Behavior (CDSPB) and the total score of the Aberrant Behavior Checklist-Japanese version (ABC-J). Results The BPI-S-J of test–retest reliability was satisfactory (intra-class correlation; ICC) = 0.954), and the total score significantly (ICC = 0.721) represented good inter-rater reliability. For the validity, the BPI-S-J score of participants who had severe and profound ID was significantly higher than those who had mild and moderate ID. Significant correlations were observed between the BPI-S-J score and CDSPB score (r = 0.499), and the ABC-J score (r = 0.699), indicating adequate criterion-related validity. Conclusion This study showed the utility of the BPI-S-J to assess behavior problems in the Japanese ID population.

Electricity grids around the world are rapidly changing to accommodate an increasing penetration of renewable generation. Grid ancillary services, such as frequency response, are important tools an electricity system operator has at their disposal for maintaining grid stability. In Great Britain, the electricity system operator recently proposed new frequency response services (dynamic regulation, dynamic moderation, dynamic containment, and static containment) designed for the future needs of the system. Here we analyse the efficacy of these new services using a month-long case study and use the current services as a comparison. We calculate that the total frequency response capacity needed is 450 MW of high response (needed when Δf > 0) and 550 MW of low response (needed when Δf < 0), including 150 MW of dynamic regulation and 150 MW of dynamic moderation to reproduce frequency volatility levels seen currently. We also investigate how the new services perform in a future reduced inertia scenario, developed using National Grid ESO’s Future Energy Scenarios. The inertia in this future scenario is provided by nuclear and demand only and has a median value 5 times smaller than current values. We find that the new services can successfully mitigate against the reduced inertia with a 50 MW addition of capacity to dynamic regulation.

Objective To explore the acupoint selection rules of acupuncture for trigeminal neuralgia (TN) based on complex network. Methods The articles on clinical research of acupuncture for TN published up to March 2019 were searched from the databases, i.e. CNKI, Wanfang, VIP, PubMed, Web of Science and Science Direct. A prescription database of acupuncture for TN was established. Using complex network, the core acupoints and acupoint selection rules were analyzed for TN treated with acupuncture. Results A total of 304 articles, including 272 acupoint prescriptions were obtained. The complex network constructed for TN treated with acupuncture was in compliance with the small world effect. Using k-core analytic hierarchy process, 36 acupoints were screened, and the total frequency of acupoints is 1175. Regarding the meridian distribution, the points of yangming meridians of hand and foot were predominated, accounting for 50.21% of the overall (590/1175). In terms of acupoint location, the acupoints on the head and face were predominated, accounting for 52.51% (617/1175). For the types of acupoint, the specific acupoints were predominated, accounting for 71.32% (838/1175) and the majority was the intersecting points, accounting for 33.87% (398/1175). Based on community structure partition, the treatment of TN with acupuncture was divided into the treatment for symptoms, etiological treatment, and mind regulation. Besides, the supplementary acupoints based on the involved nerve branches of TN and those based on syndrome differentiation were recommended. Conclusion The core acupoints of acupuncture for TN are Hegŭ (合谷LI4), Xiaguān (下关ST7), Taichōng (太冲LR3), Fēngchi (风池GB20) and Sibai (四白ST2). In clinical treatment, the main therapeutics include the local analgesia for the symptoms and etiological treatment, associated with mind regulation.

Textbooks are a fundamental part of classroom instruction. Over 90% of teachers have reported using textbooks in some form [1]. Exposure to textbook material can influence studenti¯s self-concept. Having illustrations that only represent one group prevents diverse role modeling. Providing diverse illustrations increases students capacity to develop self-concept [2]. For example, highlighting female illustrations in a textbook increases a female readeri¯s self-concept in that subject. Historically science textbooks have been found to be gender bias, showing males more frequency than females [3]. A review of illustrations in high school chemistry textbooks from the 2010s found that male illustrations continue to be used more frequently than female illustrations. The difference in total frequency of male and female illustrations was statistically significantly in high school chemistry textbooks from the 2010s. However, five of the seven chemistry textbooks from the 2010s did not differ significantly in male and female illustration frequency. Illustrations in chemistry textbooks from the 2010s did not exhibit stereotyping, with one gender performing science-related actions more frequently than another. Although high school chemistry textbooks from the 2010s had a reduced gender ratio compared with chemistry textbooks from the 1970s and 1980s, gender bias still existed.

We performed a retrospective evaluation of the results of bilateral ureteral reconstruction using a tubularized bladder flap. The purpose of the study was to determine the effectiveness of bilateral Boari surgery to correct ureteral defects. The study included 8 patients who required bilateral ureteral reconstruction. Synchronous operations were performed in 4 patients, other patients (n=4) underwent two-stage operations. The effectiveness of Boari surgery was evaluated retrospectively by analyzing complications and long-term treatment outcomes. The length of the bladder flap on the right varied from 6 to 15 cm and averaged 10.0 ± 3.5 cm, on the left it was from 7 to 13 cm with an average value of 9.3 ± 2.3 cm. The total frequency of intraoperative complications did not exceed 25.0%. Postoperative complications were observed in 5 (62.5%) patients (grade I or II according to Clavien-Dindo). The most common problem was exacerbation of pyelonephritis and leakage of urine from a postoperative wound. Severe dysuria was found in only 2 (25%) patients. A decrease in bladder capacity with persistent hyperactivity was recorded 2 months after surgery in one case. Chronic urinary retention was also observed in one patient. The total number of positive long-term results (good + satisfactory result) was 75%. Two negative results were recorded in patients after synchronous bilateral operations. Boari surgery is an effective and safe method of ureteral reconstruction for defects of both ureters. Two-stage operations have priorities over synchronous bilateral reconstruction due to a higher level of positive long-term results.

مستخلص علي الرغم من أن النطق هو أحد العوامل الرئيسة التي تساعد علي نجاح عملية التواصل، فإنه لم يتم البحث فيه علي نطاق واسع. لذا، فإن الهدف الأساسي لهذا البحث هو دراسة أخطاء النطق. بشکل أکثر دقة، تهدف الدراسة إلي التعرف علي أنواع الأخطاء في نطق أصوات اللغة الإنجليزية بواسطة طلاب شمال صعيد مصر. ترکز الدراسة أيضا علي دراسة استراتيجيات الإصلاح التي يستخدمها الدارسون لتجنب استخدام أصوات اللغة الثانية. تستخدم الدراسة طلاب قسم اللغة الانجليزية بکلية الآداب جامعة بني سويف کعينة بحث. يتم دراسة منطقة النطق فقط الخاصة ببعض الأصوات الساکنة والمتحرکة في اللغة الإنجليزية. لذا، فان الدراسة تتم علي مستوي المقطع فقط. يتم هذا من خلال تسجيل نطق الطلاب أثناء قراءة مقاطع بالإنجليزية متضمنة الأصوات المختبرة کافة. يتم بغد ذلک التعرف علي أخطاء النطق، تصنيفها، تحليلها علي المستوي الوصفي والإحصائي. لذلک تعرض نتائج الدراسة الأصوات التي يواجه الطلاب مشکلات في نطقها والتي بدورها تشکل عائقا في عملية التواصل. تقدم الدراسة في النهاية بعض المقترحات للتغلب علي عقبات نطق اللغة الإنجليزية لدي الطلاب المصريين. Abstract The objective of the present study is to investigate the errors made in the field of pronunciation. It explores Egyptian EFL learners’ production of 37 English monophthongs including 25 consonant sounds and 12 pure vowel sounds. So, it is related to the segmental level. English diphthongs and consonant clusters are excluded from the study. It also focuses on the repair strategies employed by students to avoid the use of the target language sounds. The participants are ten first year students in the Department of English Language and Literature, Faculty of Arts, Beni-Suef University in the academic year 2016/2017. The method adopted in the research is reading aloud English extracts encompassing all the sounds under examination. For each of the 37 tested sounds, the frequency and percentage of correct production for each of the selected words representing the sound are calculated. In addition, the total frequency and percentage of correct pronunciation for each of the tested sounds are calculated. The findings of the study revealed that fourteen English sounds constitute a source of difficulty for learners including the nine consonants; /v/, /ʒ/, /dʒ/, /ŋ/, /tʃ/, /θ/, /p/, dark /l/ and /ð/, and the six vowel sounds /ʌ/, /ɔ:/, /ɜ:/, /ə/, /ʊ/ and /e/. The study tries to relate the outcome pronunciation errors to the learners’ mother tongue or to the effect of negative transfer. Index Terms: Pronunciation errors, Egyptian EFL learners, English consonants, English vowels, Repair strategies, Transfer

The North American Regional Climate Change Assessment Program (NARCCAP) represents the next step in investigating the behavior of weather phenomena in current and future climate. Specifically, variations in mid-latitude cyclone tracks attributable to a warming climate have potential socio-economic consequences via the redistribution of precipitation on regional spatial scales. This manuscript assesses the impacts of a warming climate on cyclone tracks in the NARCCAP model suite. Specifically, cyclones are generated from eight 33-year simulations for the twentieth Century (1968–2000) and eight 33-year simulations for the A2 greenhouse scenario (2068–2100). To provide comparison, cyclone tracks are also generated from the Climate Forecast System Reanalysis (CFSR) and ERA Interim (ERA_INT) reanalysis datasets from 1979 to 2016. The results support that the NARCCAP model suite is capable of producing a reasonable cyclone frequency and intensity climatology when compared with the reanalysis datasets. Comparison of the ensemble twentieth Century cyclone (20C) tracks with the ensemble A2 cyclone tracks demonstrate a zonally-oriented poleward shift in cyclone track frequency in response to a warming climate. Intensity differences were regionally oriented, with cyclones being more intense in the A2 relative to the twentieth Century scenarios west of the Appalachians, suggesting cyclones acquire greater latent heat from warmer western Atlantic/Gulf of Mexico moisture sources in A2. A sector analysis revealed a higher total frequency of cyclones in both reanalysis datasets relative to either NARCCAP scenario. For intense cyclones, the NARCCAP model simulations produced more frequent cyclones in the Great Lakes and East Coast sectors. In contrast, reanalysis produced a higher frequency of weak cyclones for all sectors except Atlantic Canada. In addition, NARCCAP simulations were found to be capable of reproducing the broadness of intensity distributions in the reanalysis datasets, likely due to the fine spatial gridding in the NARCCAP models. Sector analysis for frequency and intensity affirmed the ensemble results, with individual model simulations showed a reduction in frequency for all sectors except the Canadian Maritimes for A2 relative to 20C. For intensity, cyclones were once again overall more intense for the upper Midwest/Great Lakes sector for A2 relative to 20C. The results of this research demonstrates the ability for regional climate models to be used to assess changes in synoptic-scale phenomena in a warming climate. Future work will focus on assessing cyclone structure including changes in moisture transport, precipitation, and the low-level jet.

Patients on a gluten-free diet are at risk of developing polyhypoavitaminosis and deficiency states, which requires the supplementation of their diet to prevent nutrient deficiencies. The aim of the study: to analyze the dynamics of anthropometric and laboratory parameters, components of the quality of life in children with coeliac disease on the background of a month-long course of administration of hypercaloric mixture for enteric nutrition. Materials and methods: 45 children with coeliac disease aged 2-10 years (mean age 6.3 ± 0.3 years) on a strict gluten-free diet for more than one year. All patients received additional enteric nutrition with a hypercaloric mixture in the volume of 200 ml/day (300 kcal/day) for 1 month as a supplement to the main food ration. Two groups of patients receiving the supplement in 2012-2013 and 2017-2018 were identified. Physical development was assessed under the WHO AnthroPlus programme. The quality of life indicators were assessed using the PedQL 4.0 questionnaire. Results: the total frequency of protein-сalorie deficiency (PCD) before the course of nutritional supplementation was 13 (28.9%) cases, while acute PCD was diagnosed in 6 (13.3%) and chronic PCD in 7 (15.6%) patients. Against the background of the course of nutritious supplementation in children with coeliac disease, there was a significant reduction in weight, height and BMI in both groups. Patients in 2012-2013 initially had a greater gap in weight and height compared to children in 2017-2018. There was an improvement in the sum of the quality of life indicators by 6.3% for children in the first group and by 4.3% for children in the second group against the background of nutritional supplementation. Conclusions: Enrichment of children’s diets with a hypercaloric blend of dietary fiber helps to accelerate the pace of physical development, reduce the number of children with diabetes mellitus, improve hemogram rates and most components of quality of life.

This study attempted to investigate the strategies which were used by Persian translators in translation of ironies. Translating irony has always been challenging as it relates to each nation culture and language background. So, special strategies are needed to guide the translators to find suitable equivalences for the ironies within any second language. In this research, strategies for translating two types of ironies i.e. verbal and situational were investigated via short stories. Eight short stories of Ernest Hemingway were chosen as the English texts. For each story two Persian versions were selected.Baker (1992) model of translation strategies was considered as the framework. The result of the total frequency count of the strategies adopted in translating the ironies by the translators’indicated that the most common strategies which used by these translators to translate English verbal and situational ironies into Persian were cultural equivalences and general or neutral equivalences for English words and phrases.The findings are of help to translators, translation trainers and readers among all interested parties

Background: The cause of sudden sensorineural hearing loss (SSNHL) is still unknown. Literature has indicated that there is a statistically significant correlation between hyperhomocysteinemia and SSNHL, yet there is lack of study in the relationship concerning total frequency deafness subtype of SSNHL. This study investigated the relationship between plasma concentration of homocysteine (Hcy), serum concentration of folic acid and occurrence and treatment responding in total frequency deafness adult patients, and explored whether targeted early intervention was associated with improved clinical outcome in this subgroup. Methods: A total of 54 consecutive adult patients with diagnosis of sudden total frequency deafness in a single institution was enrolled into the study group. Two control groups were established. Control group 1 was derived from inpatients with normal listening comprehension. Control group 2 included 52 patients with sudden total frequency deafness treated in a parallel hospital. Blood concentration of folic acid and Hcy was investigated. Treatment included Ginkgo biloba extract, dexamethasone, hyperbaric oxygen, folic acid, vitamin B6, and optional vitamin B12. All data was statistically analyzed. Blood level of Hcy and folic acid was compared between study group and control group 1. Results: Although there was no clear evidence for the divergence trend of Hcy and folic acid levels individually, the results showed that the study group had higher blood level of Hcy and lower blood level of folic acid, than control group. In the study group, 24 patients (44.44%) demonstrated treatment effectiveness after the 2-week treatment course. Patients without vertigo had higher effective rate than patients with vertigo (P Conclusions: Effective rate of study group was higher than control group 2 which had no folic acid and vitamin B6/B12 supplement. High blood Hcy and low blood folic acid were closely associated in patients with sudden total frequency deafness. The currently accepted concept of treatment for sudden total frequency deafness is not essentially satisfactory. Testing of plasma Hcy and serum folic acid may provide referential value for its treatment and prognosis evaluation.

The aim of our research was to identify the specifity of the action of a wide range of doses of gamma rays in winter wheat varieties at the level of the cell chromosomal apparatus. The experiments used seeds of winter wheat varieties of local selection Spivanka and Commerciyna, irradiated with gamma rays in doses of 100, 150, 200, 250, 300 Gy. Control was dry seeds. Based on the data of cytological analysis, the frequencies and spectra of chromosomal aberrations after exposure to gamma rays were studied. The total number of mitoses (in the corresponding phase) found in the preparations (20 - 25 preparations for each variant), the number of cells with chromosomal abnormalities and the percentage of such cells (from the number of mitotic), the frequency of chromosomal aberrations (from the total number of cells with rearrangements). The sample was approximately 500 - 1000 cells for each study variant. The variety Spivanka is significantly less stable with respect to the variety Commerciyna at the cytogenetic level, but with no significant differences in the interaction in the genotype-mutagen system for gamma rays. The number of chromosomal rearrangements increases linearly under the action of gamma rays up to 200 Gy, where a significant drop begins with stabilization at a lower level at doses of 250 - 300 Gy. The dose of mutagen was found as more significant factor. Significant parameters of variability were the total frequency of chromosomal aberrations, the frequency of bridges and the frequency of complex rearrangements. The ratio of fragments to bridges is standard for gamma rays. Approximately the same level of variability in subsequent generations will be assumed for both varieties, but greater differences in variability in case of the use of chemical mutagens and the possibility of differences in the spectrum of changes in subsequent generations for gamma rays was predicted.

The document analysis method mainly refers to the method of collecting, identifying, and collating documents, and forming a scientific understanding of facts through the analysis of the documents. Traditional Chinese medicine understands and classifies the cause of tumors under the guidance of the overall concept. Although modern medicine is the main treatment method for tumors, it still has many shortcomings. With the deepening of TCM’s understanding of tumors, it was discovered that TCM decoctions combined with treatment can increase efficacy and reduce toxicity. The ingredients in them play an important role in improving the body’s immune function and improving the diagnosis and treatment of TCM tumors. Based on this, this article has launched an analysis and research on the status quo of diagnosis and treatment of TCM tumors based on literature analysis methods. In this paper, we systematically searched the related literatures of TCM treatment of tumors, used TCM literature analysis methods, used prescriptions as clues, explored the law of TCM diagnosis and treatment of tumors, and summarized the similarities and differences between ancient and modern diagnosis and treatment of tumors. This article mainly uses the literature analysis method to summarize and analyze the domestic literature on the diagnosis and treatment of TCM tumors, to understand the development trends of Chinese scholars on TCM, and to have a clearer understanding of the status quo and development of TCM diagnosis and treatment of tumors in my country. Problems in the process, and propose corresponding solutions based on the problems found. In this paper, by consulting the literature, we will sort out the tumor’s pathogenic factors, pathogenesis, and the current status of Chinese medicine treatment, and systematically summarize and summarize the modern experimental basic research to provide a basis for the diagnosis and treatment of tumors. The results of literature analysis show that the total frequency of medication is 1021 times, the relative frequency is 1021 88%, indicating that these 8 types of traditional Chinese medicine occupies a dominant position in ancient prescriptions. It can be seen that tonic drugs are the core drugs used in modern Chinese medicine in the treatment of tumors.

Background: Understanding how pretend play is related to positive emotions is important for supporting children's development and promoting their wellbeing. However, previous studies have mainly examined this association at individual levels and overlooked the potential links at interpersonal levels. This is an important knowledge gap because pretend play is commonly performed in social contexts. The current study investigates how peer pretend play is associated with children's display of positive emotions at both individual and dyadic levels.Methods: One hundred and eight Chinese children (Mage = 8.95 years, SD = 0.99, 51.9% girls) were observed playing in peer dyads with toys. An interaction of 10 min was coded for each child's pretend play behavior, social and emotional pretend play themes, and display of positive emotions. Multilevel modeling was used to examine age and gender differences in peer pretend play. Actor–Partner Interdependence Models (APIM) were estimated to test the hypothesized associations between dyadic pretend play and children' display of positive emotions.Results: Compared to children whose playmates engaged in less pretend play, children whose playmates engaged in more pretend play were more likely to display positive emotions (p = 0.021). Additionally, children's display of positive emotions was predicted by both their own (p = 0.027) and their playmate's (p = 0.01) pretend play with emotional themes. Compared to younger children, older children were less likely to engage in pretend play (p = 0.002), but more likely to engage in pretend play with social themes (p = 0.03) when the total frequency of pretend play was controlled for. Boys were 4.9 times and 2.16 times as likely as girls to create aggressive pretend themes (p < 0.001) and non-aggressive negative pretend themes (p = 0.007), respectively. No significant gender differences were found in positive pretend themes.Conclusions: Pretending with peers may increase not only children's own, but also their play partner's display of positive emotions. Pretend play may not simply decline in middle childhood as previously assumed.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate what effect teaching multiple functional communicative responses (FCRs) as outlined in serial functional communication training (FCT) had on resurgence of problem behavior and FCRs during extinction challenges. Researchers then evaluated what effect implementing a lag schedule of reinforcement following serial FCT had on resurgence of problem behavior and FCRs during extinction challenges compared with serial FCT. Recent findings evaluated the effect of a serial FCT procedure on resurgence of problem behavior, and the persistence of FCRs in an applied setting to determine if serial FCT would decrease the total number of responses of problem behavior during the resurgence (extinction) test while simultaneously increasing the total number FCRs as compared with the traditional (single) FCT condition for two children. They observed more manding (use of FCRs) and a smaller percentage of total responding occupied by problem behavior during serial FCT relative to traditional FCT. However, they also observed that problem behavior occupied the largest percentage of total relapse, demonstrating a primacy effect. The results of the present study indicate that teaching multiple FCRs in a serial FCT context is not sufficient to ensure the persistence of FCRs and significant delays or elimination of the resurgence of problem behavior during extinction challenges. Implementing a lag-2 schedule of reinforcement produced some desired effects, such as a higher total frequency of FCRs; however, resurgence of problem behavior was observed at higher rates and short latencies.

Objective: To analyze the features and patterns of acupoint selection in acupuncture-moxibustion treatment of chronic atrophic gastritis (CAG) by data mining technique. Methods: Relevant clinical studies published before 25 June, 2017 were searched in databases including PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane library, Chinese Biomedical Literature Database (CBM), China National Knowledge infrastructure (CNKI), and Wanfang Academic Journal Full-text Database (Wanfang). Results: A total of 122 papers were included, involving 69 points. It was found that the top three points on the frequency list were Zusanli (ST 36), Zhongwan (CV 12) and Weishu (BL 21). The points selected were distributed in 11 meridians, in which the Stomach Meridian of Foot Yangming, Conception Vessel, and Bladder Meridian of Foot Taiyang ranked the top and accounted for 74.0% of the total frequency. Of the involved specific points, Five Shu-Transmitting points, crossing points and Back-Shu points ranked the top, accounting for 47.1%. The analysis of association pattern has shown that Zusanli (ST 36) and Zhongwan (CV 12) won the highest support rate in the paired groups; Zusanli (ST 36), Weishu (BL 21) and Zhongwan (CV 12) had the highest support rate among the point groups. The Five Shu-Transmitting points and the Lower He-Sea points had the highest support rate among the specific point groups. Conclusion: The data mining results of the studies on acupuncture-moxibustion for CAG are substantially in line with the acupuncture-moxibustion treatment theories in traditional Chinese medicine. The results can reflect the acupoint selection patterns in treatment of CAG and provide reference for acupuncture-moxibustion treatment of CAG in clinic.

The emergence of cells with pathological mitosis and the deviation from diploidity in the meristematic tissue of experimental plants of the genus Vitis (Tournef.) Linn. obtained from stenospermocarpic seeds was evaluated. The grape plants obtained from crossing seedless varieties with seedless and seed pollinators were the material for cytogenetic research. A total of 11 crosses were made. The cytogenetic analysis was carried out according to the recommended methods for fruit crops and grape. A total of 11 039 cells were examined. The pathology of mitosis in the cells of grape plants in vitro was observed, in particular, a hollow metaphase, a three-group metaphase and a metaphase with polar chromosomes as well as haploid, triploid, and tetraploid cells. The total frequency of abnormal cells was 0.15. The pathology of mitosis is observed in meristematic tissue of grape varieties as well. The evaluation of emergence of mitotic anomalies in the meristematic tissue of plants was carried out. The correspondence between the actual distribution of the anomalies in experimental populations and the theoretical distribution, as well as the degree of their relative habit to populations, the indices of absolute, relative, and intrapopulation diversity, was determined. As a result of the study of the polyembrionic hybrid offspring of grapes, differentiation in the equitability of distribution and habit of five mitotic anomalies to 11 populations was revealed, and differences between experimental populations by diversity were detected. The maximum degree of relative diversity of populations reached a value of 0.503. In general, the low relative diversity indicates a lack of complete equalization of anomalies by the presence in the populations.

OBJECTIVE Introduction: We conducted a retrospective assessment of diagnostic and therapeutic approaches in patients with iatrogenic ureteral injury, who were treated in a specialized medical center. The aim: The aim of the research was to determine the optimal treatment method for correction of iatrogenic ureteral defects. PATIENTS AND METHODS Materials and methods: The study included 73 patients with iatrogenic ureteral injury. In 70 cases ureteral reconstruction was carried out with the help of Boari bladder flap. The effectiveness of this approach was assessed retrospectively by analysis of the complications and long-term results of the treatment. RESULTS Results: The length of the bladder flap varied from 3 to 21 cm and averaged 9.8 ± 1.4 cm. In 6 (8.2%) cases a successful reconstructive surgery of the ureter up to the level of its upper third was performed. The overall frequency of intraoperative complications did not exceed 12.9%. The total frequency of early postoperative complications was high (75.8%), however, they were not severe and required surgical correction only in one (1.4%) case. The total number of positive long-term results (good + satisfactory) amounted to 91.5%. Nephrectomy was required only in 2 (2.3%) cases. CONCLUSION Conclusions: The Boari bladder flap operation should be considered as the basis of the algorithm for providing medical care to patients with iatrogenic ureteral injury. This type of surgery makes it possible to completely replace the damaged or having doubtful blood supply portion of the ureter even with the defects extending to its upper third. The main advantages of this surgery technique are good blood supply of tubularized bladder flap and a high level of positive long-term results.

During April 2018, 75samples were collected from five hospitals in Erbil city. Samples were taken by sterile cotton swabs from the air dispenser window of air conditioner units (ACU) . They were cultured directly on Sabouraud's dextrose agar incubated at 25oC ±2. The samples were collected from five departments in each hospital include out-patient ward (OP),in-patient ward (IP), emergency room (ER), intensive care unit(ICU), and operation theater (OT). A total of (410) fungal colonies were counted, they belong to13 genera include ten hyphomycetes and only one of zygomycetes ,basidiomycetes , and hemiascomycetes. Penicillium represented in the highest total occurrence (40%) followed by Aspergillus(38.66%) and Alternaria (21.33%). The total frequency showed that Candidawas the highest (30%) followed by Penicillium(27.56%) and Aspergillus(13.17%). The highest density of filamentous fungi (no. of colony/sample) was detected in OP=16.75, and the lowest in OT=1.5. The diversity of isolates showed that ( 9) genera were recorded from ER(60%) and only one in OP (6%). All recorded genera in current study were regarded as indoor air pollutants. The predominant genera Alternaria, Aspergillus, Penicillium ,Cladosporiumand Candida are well-known allergens and may cause several pulmonary disorders as well as fetal infections in particular cases.

The frequency of spontaneous and X-ray-induced (0.25 Gy) in vitro chromosomal aberrations, as well as the level of chromosomal instability as a result of the bystander effect, in the blood lymphocytes of individuals aged from 12 to 102 years has been investigated using GTG staining of human metaphase chromosomes. The average group frequency of spontaneous chromosomal aberrations in adolescents (12–16 years), middle-aged people (33–52 years), and centenarians (90–102 years) was identical (p > 0.05), whereas it was higher in elderly people (60–70 years) due to increase of chromatid type aberrations rate (p 0.05); however, the total frequency of chromosomal aberrations in individuals aged 60–70 years exceeded the value of such indices in other age groups due to the chromosomal type damages (p < 0.05). In nonirradiated blood lymphocytes of adolescents, middle-aged, and elderly individuals cocultivated with lymphocytes irradiated in vitro (0.25 Gy), the induction of the bystander effect was detected. In lymphocytes of centenarians, the development of the bystander effect was not detected.

Objectives. This study aimed to explore the characteristics and principles of acupoints, which were applied for treating tension-type headache (TTH). Methods. Four databases were searched for the literature studies of treating TTH with acupuncture and moxibustion up to September 1, 2020. Titles, journals, authors, key words, interventions, main acupoints, and outcomes of the included literature studies were extracted and inputted into the self-established Data Excavation Platform of Acupoint Specificity for analysis. Results. In total, 128 papers containing 137 prescriptions, 89 meridian acupoints, and 7 extraordinary acupoints of treating TTH with acupuncture and moxibustion were included. The total frequency of acupoints’ application was 763 times. Fengchi (GB20), Baihui (GV20), Taiyang (EX-HN5), Hegu (LI4), and Taichong (LR3) were used most frequently. The acupoints in Yang meridians were utilized more than those in Yin meridians (66.1% vs. 17.8%), and the acupoints in the Gallbladder Meridian of Foot Shaoyang were applied most commonly. 59.9% (457/763) of the applied acupoints were on the head, face, and neck, and 31.7% (242/763) were on the four limbs. Additionally, the proportion of specific acupoints’ application was 78.2% (597/763). Conclusions. The prescription of Fengchi (GB20), Baihui (GV20), Taiyang (EX-HN5), Hegu (LI4), and Taichong (LR3) might be relatively reasonable in clinical practices of treating TTH with acupuncture, which should be verified in further studies.

In recent years, with the rapid development of network and data mining, multi-source heterogeneous data related to academics has also shown an exponential growth. As an important research field of academic big data, the objectivity of academic influence evaluation methods and rationality plays an important role in the evaluation of scientific and technological talents, academic groups, and national scientific research strength. Traditional methods are generally measured based on the amount of papers published by scholars and the total frequency of citations. Although these methods are simple to calculate the influence of scholar, they ignore the importance of the cooperative network of scholar and the evolution of academic networks over time. In order to solve the above limitations, this paper constructs a derivation of scholars' paper relationship network and scholars' cooperation network, taking into account the importance of time in the network, from the perspectives of the journal where the scholar publishes papers, the location of the author, and the number of citations of the paper. In this paper, a method is designed to calculate the academic influence of the scholars, making the calculation result more reasonable.

Objectives This study used ecological momentary assessment (EMA) to empirically test the theoretical propositions that habit for and level of physical activity (PA) and sedentary behaviour (SB) should be associated with degree of context stability of those behaviours. Design Older adults (N = 104) completed a 10-day EMA protocol and continuous accelerometer monitoring. Methods As part of the EMA protocol older adults answered 6 EMA prompts per day to assess current behaviour as well as social and physical contexts of behaviour. Temporal context was determined via time stamps of EMA questionnaires. Context stability was calculated as the reversed entropy scores of the contexts (physical, social, temporal, behavioural [i.e., type]) of PA and SB weighted for total frequency of context prompts. Habit for PA and SB (operationalized as self-reported behavioural automaticity) was assessed via baseline questionnaire. An ActivPAL monitor was worn to assess average daily time spent in moderate-vigorous PA (MVPA), light PA, and SB, and number of sit-to-stand transitions. Results More stable physical contexts for physical activity predicted more MVPA (β = 10.22) and more stable social contexts for sitting predicted more SB (β = 1.36). More variety of time people tended to report engaging in SB, the more SB engaged in (β = -13.76). No context stability scores predicted light PA, sit-to-stand transitions, or habit. Conclusions Although context stability was related to behaviour, this did not appear to be explained by habit, as habit did not differ by the degree of context stability surrounding bouts of PA or SB.

Water pollution is a serious environmental problem. We analyzed the presence of total fecal coliforms and Escherichia coli , the prevalence of diarrheal pathotypes, and the profiles of antibiotic resistance at different stages. Three composite samples from a wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) in Mexico were analyzed for the presence E. coli with the physical and chemical parameters established in the Mexican Official Standard NOM-001-SEMARNAT-1996. Fifty seven strains were selected from the different stages of the process, and the following pathotypes were determined by multiplex polymerase chain reaction: enteropathogenic (EPEC), enterotoxigenic (ETEC), enteroinvasive (EIEC), enteroaggregative (EAEC), enterohemorrhagic (EHEC), and diffuse adherence (DAEC). Their resistance was assessed by the Kirby Bauer method. The results showed a removal efficiency of 95.4% based on the chemical oxygen demand (BOD 5 ). Coliforms and E. coli were found to be higher in the influent. The total frequency of pathotypes was 39 % (22/57) for EIEC, 30 % (17/57) for ETEC, and 15.5 % (9/57) for DAEC and EPEC. Regarding the distribution, 39% of ETEC was detected in the influent, 50% of EIEC before disinfection, 100% of EIEC after disinfection and 43% of ETEC in the effluent.

Background: The zoonotic Sarcocystis parasite has an obligatory two-host life cycle that mainly involves herbivorous animals as intermediate hosts and carnivorous animals as definitive hosts. Objectives: Lack of reliable study and published data bout frequency of Sarcocystis in livestock of Hormozgan Province and consumed meat led us to investigate in abattoirs and slaughterhouses of Bandar Abbas, Iran, in 2019 - 2020. Methods: In this descriptive cross-sectional study, 400 meat samples of three types of animals (cow, sheep, goat) belonging to Hormozgan, Fars, and Kerman provinces were studied from September 2019 to January 2020 using naked eye examination for detection of macroscopic Sarcocystis cysts and pepsin digestion method accompanied by squeezing methods performed to examine striated muscles for microscopic cyst types. Isolated tissues of the esophagus, heart, and diaphragm of 400 slaughtered animals were examined for Sarcocystis. Results: The carcasses of all the animals were investigated to detect Sarcocystis macroscopic cysts, all of which were negative. However, microscopic examination of isolated tissues by pepsin digestion showed a total frequency of 92.25% in these animals. Analysis revealed that cows bred in Hormozgan and goats imported from Kerman are significantly infected and play an important role in the distribution of disease (P < 0.05). Conclusions: These results and obtained data indicated that a large volume of imported meats to Hormozgan is contaminated with this parasite, and more control should be applied over slaughtered livestock. Also, the people of the community who consume these meats should be given proper and complete training.

Helicobacter pylori OipA (outer inflammatory protein A) is an outer membrane protein that involves in the binding and colonization of the bacterium in the stomach. The oipA status is associated with the risk of peptic ulcerations (PUs) and gastric cancer (GC) diseases. However, the association trend with PUs compared to GC is often different and highly challenging. We therefore aimed to determine the presence of this genotype in Iranian strains and assess its association with the risk of PUs and GC in a larger number of samples. A total of 319 strains were obtained from 172 patients with non-atrophic gastritis (NAG), 52 with PUs and 95 with GC. The prevalence of the oipA+ vs. oipA− genotype was 67.7% (216/319). The total frequency of the oipA+ vs. oipA− genotypes in NAG, PUs, GC, non-peptic ulceration (including NAG and GC), and non-tumor (including NAG and PUs) groups was 121/172 (70.3%), 50/52 (96.2%), 45/95 (47.4%), 166/267 (62.2%), and 171/224 (76.3%), respectively. In multiple logistic regression analysis, the oipA+ vs. oipA− genotype showed a strong direct association with PUs; the ORadj (95% CI) was 18.751 (4.421–79.531), (p = 0.00007). In contrast, it had a significant reverse association with GC; the ORadj (95% CI) was 0.330 (0.179–0.607), (p = 0.00036). In the present study, we interestingly found a contrasting association of the H. pylori oipA genotype with the risk of PUs and GC in Iran. Therefore, the contrasting effect of this genotype may emphasize its independent role in predicting clinical outcomes.

AIM To investigate the 5-year frequency of additional treatments in relation to the number of reported root filled canals in molar teeth in Sweden. METHODOLOGY The cohort included first and second molars in adult individuals who were registered with a root filling performed in 2009. Treatment codes corresponding to root fillings of teeth with from one up to four root filled canals were identified in the Swedish Social Insurance Agency database. The studied additional treatments were extraction, non-surgical root canal retreatment and endodontic surgery during the subsequent 5 years, identified by corresponding codes for these treatments registered on these specific teeth. Differences in the frequency of additional treatments based on the number of root filled canals were analysed using chi-square test and considered statistically significant at P

This study set out to profoundly examine Peer Corrective Feedback (PCF), which is believed to be one of the alternatives for improving learners' writing quality. The two aspects the researchers focused on were (1) the proportion of peers' feedback on writing aspects, and (2) the effectiveness of PCF in enhancing learners' writing quality. This is qualitative research with 34 students in the fourth semester at the English Education Faculty (FKIP) of the University of Lampung were involved as the sample. The results demonstrate that (1) the aspect taking the largest proportion of the PCF is language use, with a total of 68. It is followed by mechanics, with a total of 26. As for content, organization and vocabulary, they respectively took 22 of the total frequency. The frequencies of PCF varied, explicitly or implicitly, (2) PCF significantly increased the learners' writing quality. Nevertheless, it is notable that after the empirical data were analyzed in depth, it was found out that not all the increases had been caused by PCF. Some should be credited to self-correction. It is also noteworthy that not all the corrections made by the peers were right, especially those on language use. The results of the study are discussed on the basis of relevant theories.

Objective: To explore the rule of traditional Chinese medicine in the treatment of hysteromyoma, and provide theoretical basis for clinical medication and development of new drugs. Methods: In CNKI, with "hysteromyoma" and "traditional Chinese medicine" as the subject words, search the journal papers from January 2009 to July 2019, sort out the prescriptions of traditional Chinese medicine recorded in the literature, establish a database, and carry out statistical analysis. Using statistical software tools, such as Excel 2013, SPSS Modeler 14.1, SPSS Statistics 21, the frequency and types of Chinese medicine, association rules and association factors were analyzed. Results: 125 articles were included, involving 183 kinds of traditional Chinese medicine, and the total frequency was 1268.Among the 183 traditional Chinese medicines included, there are 55 kinds of traditional Chinese medicines with frequency ≥ 5, 29 kinds of traditional Chinese medicines with frequency ≥ 10. The first three medicines with the highest frequency are angelica, peach kernel and trigonometry; the most effective drugs are blood activating and stasis removing drugs, Qi regulating drugs, qi invigorating drugs and heat clearing and blood cooling drugs. In the taste of drugs, mainly sweet, bitter and pungent; in the meridian tropism, mainly liver, lung, heart and kidney. Among the association rules, 23 combinations with the highest Association intensity were found, and 8 common factors were extracted by factor analysis. Conclusion: in the clinical treatment of hysteromyoma, the drugs for promoting blood circulation and removing blood stasis are mainly used, and they are mostly combined with Qi regulating drugs.

Intrabreed and interbreed variation of BOLA-DRB3 exon 2 (BOLA-DRB3.2) was for the first time studied in the Kostroma and Yaroslavl cattle breeds by PCR-RFLP. These breeds are among the best Russian breeds and were developed as dairy–beef and dairy cattle, respectively. Twenty-nine alleles were observed in five Kostroma samples, and 14 of them proved unique in comparison with two Yaroslavl samples, in which 25 alleles were detected, and 10 of them were unique. The total frequency of bovine leukemia virus (BLV) resistance alleles (*11, *23, and *28) was 23.2% in the Kostroma, while the total frequency of BLV susceptibility alleles (*8, *16, *22, *24) was low, 8.4%. The frequencies were 25.8 and 30.1%, respectively, in Yaroslavl cattle. Testing Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium revealed a significant deficit of heterozygotes: the observed (Ho) and expected (He) heterozygosities were, respectively, 0.734 and 0.859 in Kostroma cattle and 0.613 and 0.886 in Yaroslavl cattle. The intrabreed differentiation (FST) in the Kostroma (4.5%, P = 0.001) was substantially higher than in the Yaroslavl (0.5%, P = 0.158), between the two breeds was 8.2% (P = 0.001). The Bayesian clustering approach showed an intrabreed structure for each of the breeds, with the most probable number of clusters being 2 in the Kostroma and 3 in the Yaroslavl. The structure observed in the Kostroma remained the same when the breed was analyzed together with six additional breeds. Our data provide important clues toward the understanding of the genetic structure of indigenous breeds.

According to the published papers in CNKI database, the number of published papers, total cited frequency, cited frequency, H index and R index are used to comprehensively measure the scientific research capacity of 25 private colleges and universities which ranking first in respective province and city in 2016. There are some shortcomings at evaluating scientific research ability only by using common indexes such as number of published papers, total frequency of cited papers and frequency of cited papers. Therefore, H index and R index can make up for above shortcomings effectively. Above all, it is effective that taking quantity and quality of papers into consideration comprehensively.

Background The current Sydney classification criteria do not consider a range of non-thrombotic clinical manifestations that are frequently observed in association with the presence of aPLs, the so-called extra-criteria manifestations. The aim of this study was to retrospectively analysis our single center Antiphospholipid antibodies associated clinical phenotypes, especially the frequency of extra-criteria manifestations. Methods Data of 731 serum samples from patients of clinical suspected APS in 2018 were enrolled. Data of clinical features, laboratory examination, treatment and prognosis were retrospectively analyzed. Results A total of 200 patients with APLs were positive (27%), 56 males and 144 females, with an average age of 40.13±17.24 years, 115 cases (57.5%) with ACL positive, 167 cases (83.5%) with anti-β2GPI antibodies positive, 69 cases (34.5%) with LA positive, and 20 cases (10%) turned negative after 12 weeks without any specific therapy. 61(30.5%) patients were fulfilled the 2006 revised Sydney classification criteria for APS. One patient was Catastrophic APS. 27(44.3%) patients with primary APS, 34 (55.6%) were secondary APS, including SLE-APS (20), CTD (9), infection (3), malignancies (2). 119 patients with persistent APLs positive, but were not fulfilled the APS criteria because of without thrombosis or fetal loss. 77 (42.8%) patients were asymptomatic, 42 patients with extra-criteria manifestations. The total frequency of extra-criteria manifestations associated with APLs are 40%. The details are shown in table 1. Conclusions The most common extra-criteria manifestations are thrombocytopenia, non-vascular neurological manifestations and valvular heart disease. And they can be the independent clinical feature of APLs without thrombotic events or Pregnancy morbidities.

Purpose: To separate the effects of magnetic susceptibility and chemical shift/exchange in a phantom with isotropic magnetic susceptibility. To generate a chemical shift/exchange-corrected quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM) result. Theory and Methods: Magnetic susceptibility and chemical shift/exchange are the properties of a material. Both are known to induce the resonance frequency shift in MRI. In current QSM, the susceptibility is reconstructed from the frequency shift, ignoring the contribution of the chemical shift/exchange. In this work, a simple geometric approach, which averages the frequency shift maps from three orthogonal B0 directions to generate a chemical shift/exchange map, is developed using the fact that the average nullifies the (isotropic) susceptibility effects. The resulting chemical shift/exchange map is subtracted from the total frequency shift, producing a frequency shift map solely from susceptibility. Finally, this frequency shift map is reconstructed to a susceptibility map using a QSM algorithm. The proposed method is validated in numerical simulations and applied to phantom experiments with olive oil, bovine serum albumin, ferritin, and iron oxide solutions. Results: Both simulations and experiments confirm that the method successfully separates the contributions of the susceptibility and chemical shift/exchange, reporting the susceptibility and chemical shift/exchange of olive oil (susceptibility: 0.62 ppm, chemical shift: -3.60 ppm), bovine serum albumin (susceptibility: -0.059 ppm, chemical shift: 0.008 ppm), ferritin (susceptibility: 0.125 ppm, chemical shift: -0.005 ppm), and iron oxide (susceptibility: 0.30 ppm, chemical shift: -0.039 ppm) solutions. Conclusion: The proposed method successfully separates the susceptibility and chemical shift/exchange in phantoms with isotropic magnetic susceptibility., Magnetic Resonance in Medicine 2020 Accepted

Glitches correspond to sudden jumps of rotation frequency ($\nu$) and its derivative ($\dot{\nu}$) of pulsars, the origin of which remains not well understood yet, partly because the jump processes of most glitches are not well time-resolved. There are three large glitches of the Crab pulsar, detected in 1989, 1996 and 2017, which were found to have delayed spin-up processes before the normal recovery processes. Here we report two additional glitches of the Crab pulsar occurred in 2004 and 2011 for which we discovered delayed spin up processes, and present refined parameters of the largest glitch occurred in 2017. The initial rising time of the glitch is determined as $, Comment: 25 pages, 8 figures

Student drinking during the college years can result in many adverse outcomes. Emotion-based decision-making (EBDM), or the use of emotional information to influence future plans and behavior, may lead to increased harmful consequences of alcohol. The current study examined both the number of types and total frequency of alcohol consequences as a function of EBDM. Undergraduate students from three large universities (n = 814) were assessed on EBDM and typical weekly drinking during their 2nd year of college, and alcohol-related consequences during their 2nd, 3rd, and 4th years. Alcohol-related consequences were operationalized both as unique types of consequences and total consequences experienced in the previous year. Latent growth modeling used EBDM in year 2 to predict unique and total alcohol consequences in years 2, 3, and 4. Students who endorsed higher levels of EBDM experienced a significantly increased total frequency of consequences over the three years, without differences in trajectory between students high and low on this construct. Participants with higher levels of EBDM experienced a significantly greater number of unique consequences at all time points, but these consequences increased at a significantly lower rate than individuals lower on this construct. Findings of this study indicate Emotion-Based Decision-Making may be a useful predictor of harmful consequences of student drinking over time.

Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a frequent hereditary disease widely observed in Europeans. A correlation of the mutation profile in the CFTR gene with the geographical location and ethnic origin represents an important peculiarity of this disease. In order to identify the most frequent mutations typical for Russian CF patients and create a highly informative diagnostic panel, an analysis of 40 CFTR mutations in a sample of CF patients from different regions of the Russian Federation was performed. The selection of mutations was based on the published data together with the data of the CF Registry of Russian Patients in 2014. The frequencies of analyzed mutations were distributed as follows: F508del (53.6%), E92K (6.6%), CFTRdele2,3(21kb) (5.3%), 1677delTA (3%), 3849+10kbC>T (2.8%), W1282X (2.3%), 2143delT (2.2%), N1303K (2.1%), 2184insA (1.8%), L138ins (1.8%), 3272-16T>A (1.3%), 394delTT (1.0%), G542X (1.0%), W1282R (0.9%), S466X (0.6%), R1066C (0.6%), 2789+5G>A (0.6%), R334W (0.5%), W1310X (0.5%), 1898+1G>A (0.4%), 4015delA (0.4%), S1196X (0.3%), S945L (0.3%), R347P (0.3%), and 1367del5 (0.3%); an additional nine mutations had a frequency less than 0.1%, and the remaining six were unobserved. The total frequency of 40 examined mutations was 91.8%.

This study evaluated the effects of a ketogenic diet (KD) based on extra virgin coconut oil (Cocos nucifera L., VCO), on the treatment of epileptic rats. Two sets of experiments were conducted. First, male Wistar rats underwent induction of status epilepticus (SE) with the administration of pilocarpine intraperitoneally 21 animals reached spontaneous recurrent seizures (SRS) and were randomly allocated to the dietary regimens and video-monitored for 19 days. In the second experiment, 24 animals were randomized immediately after the induction of SE and followed for 67 days. Diets were as follows: Control (AIN-93G; 7% lipid), KetoTAGsoya (KD based on soybean oil; 69.79% lipid), and KetoTAGcoco (KD based on VCO; 69.79% lipid). There were no differences in the latency to the first crisis, total frequency, and duration of the SRS between groups in 2 experiments. The data suggest no effects of KD, with or without VCO, in rats with pilocarpine-induced epilepsy.

“Online Dictionary of Surnames in Germany” The paper presents the long­term project “Online Dictionary of Surnames in Germany” (“Digitales Familiennamenworterbuch, DFD”), its conception, main objectives, and its technical realisation. By means of representative examples, the paper depicts how the project works along the catego- ries of conflation, validation, specification or revision of etymologies so far proposed in standard references and the development of new ones. Exploiting new digital resources — especially with the help of new findings in surname geography, the surname stock can be captured and analysed all­encompassing and systematically.Surnames of foreign origin like English, French, Italian, Slavic, Baltic or Turkish are also considered. The importance of Slavic roots in German surnames is exemplified by the name Novak (‛new settler’) which ranks position 156 in the total frequency of German surnames.The article’s outlook discusses the importance and possibilities for future cooperation with surname projects in other countries like Poland, with a long­term perspective for a European network of surname dictionaries.

A phytopathogenic complex of the genus Fusarium, common on 19 wheat varieties cultivated in Siberia, was investigated. It was found eleven fungal species in wheat grain (Fusarium avenaceum, F. culmorum, F. diversisporum, F. heterosporum, F. oxysporum, F.poae, F. sambucinum, F. incarnatum, F. sporotrichioides, F. tricinctum, Neocosmospora solani), with the dominant one being F. sporotrichioides (from 23 to 68 % of the total number of species). Seven species were found in the rhizosphere of wheat (F. avenaceum, F.incarnatum, F. oxysporum, F. sambucinum, F. sporotrichioides, F. tricinctum, N. solani), with the most common being F. oxysporum (up to 39 %) and F. sporotrichioides (up to 35%). Biotesting a mixture of metabolites in wheat seeds and seedlings revealed highly toxic species, namely F. sporotrichioides and F. oxysporum (a decrease of in vitro seed germination by more than 55 % and a prolonged inhibitory effect on seedling development). F. avenaceum, N.solani and F. culmorum are moderately toxic species. The greatest danger for the development of wheat fusariosis in Siberia in terms of the total frequency of occurrence, phytotoxic and phytopathogenic properties is represented by F. sporotrichioides.

This study aims to describe the increased understanding of the dangers of bullying through classical guidance to class VIII.A students of SMPN 22 Mataram in the 2020/2021 academic year. This research is a classroom action research. The subjects in this study were 32 students. The instrument used in this research is a questionnaire. While the data analysis technique to test the difference in the mean of the pretest and posttest after the action was carried out was using the t-test. The results showed that after being given classical guidance services, the understanding of the dangers of bullying was in the very high category with a total frequency of 23 which was 71, 875%. In the very high category it has reached more than half the number of students. In the high category with a total frequency of 6 of 18, 75 %, in the medium category the number of frequency 3 of 9, 375%, in the low category the number of 0 is 0%, the category is very low with a total frequency of 0 of 0%. Thus, it can be concluded that classical guidance is an effective and innovative strategy to increase the understanding of class VIIIA students of SMPN 22 Mataram regarding the understanding of the dangers of bullying.

Feeding problems are associated with the consumption of a limited amount or restricted variety of foods and often occur in children with gastrointestinal diseases. The majority of studies to date do not use valid and reliable measurements to detect feeding problems. The aim of this cross-sectional study was to assess behavioral and skill-based feeding problems in young children with gastrointestinal diseases by using a well-established parent-reported feeding measure and identify demographic, anthropometric, and environmental factors associated with maladaptive feeding behaviors in this pediatric population. Parents completed the Greek version of the Behavioral Pediatrics Feeding Assessment Scale (BPFAS) and self-reported questionnaires assessing mealtime environment and parental feeding practices. It was found that 18.6% of the sample had abnormal Total Frequency Score (TFS) (frequency of problematic feeding behaviors) and 39.5% had abnormal Total Problem Score (TPS) (number of behaviors perceived as problematic by parents). Younger children, with lower body mass index, lower birth weight, and only children were more likely to have feeding problems. The study showed that parent-reported feeding problems are increased in young children with gastrointestinal diseases and are associated with specific aspects of mealtime environment and parental feeding practices.

SUMMARY. The purpose of this study was to assess the frequency by which plastic surgery-related terms have been included in the lyrics of Western music hits from the 1970s to the present day as a proxy for estimating the cultural impact of plastic surgery. A list of the Billboard Year-End Hot 100 songs from 1968 to 2019 and the Billboard Year-End Hot R&B/Hip-Hop songs from 1970 to 2019 was obtained for a combined total of 8550 songs. Lyrics for each song were extracted via a web-scraping system, and a database of plastic surgery-related terms was developed by our team. Each term was then queried amongst the compiled lyrics data sets, and the total frequency of plastic surgery-related terms per year and per decade was determined. Each term was also examined in its context of usage to validate its relevance to plastic surgery and determine its connotation through sentiment analysis. The frequency of plastic surgery-related terms referenced in the Billboard Year-End Hot 100 and Billboard Year-End Hot R&B/Hip-Hop charts has increased 15-fold from the 1970s (n = 1 song) to 2010s (n = 15 songs). The terms most often mentioned included “doctor,” “silicone,” “plastic,” “surgery,” “nip-tuck,” and “lipo.” Artists who most frequently used plastic surgery-related terms were Kanye West, 2 Chainz, and Nicki Minaj. The current study is the first to evaluate trends in plastic surgery references in music formally. In turn, this study helps further our understanding of the interplay between plastic surgery and popular culture.

This research is aimed to analyze teachers and students respond in teaching listening skills to the Tenth Grade Students using a scientific approach with learning English podcast applications. This research uses qualitative descriptive, this research is purposed to collect the data both qualitative and quantitative approaches. questionnaires and Interviews. it was done in tenth-grade consist of 21 students in senior high school. The result shows that from two indicators are attention and relevance, from these indicators show that, most of the students respond stated agree in the indicators attention with percentage 471.4% with the number of frequencies 99 and for indicators relevance, most students stated neutral with percentage 228.6% with total frequency 48. Also, teacher responses show that students are quite enthusiastic and it is quite an effective way to teach listening. From this research, it can conclude most of the students choose to agree, that the use of podcast make students have a high motivation to the learn, improve retention, easy to understand the material, avoid the wrong concept, it is not boring, and improve listening comprehension, additionally teacher agree that podcast can make students quite enthusiastic during the learning activity. must include an abstract of 200 words or fewer. Keywords: Listening skill, podcast, respond, Motivation

BACKGROUND: Revision of infected knee arthroplasties is associated with high failure rates (30-40%). An understanding of the microbiology is important to optimize treatment and outcome. We describe microbiological diagnostic practice and diagnosis in revision of infected knee arthroplasties.METHODS: One hundred and two partial revisions (open debridement and exchange of tibial insert) and 213 two-stage procedures performed due to infection in 275 patients from 1 July 2011 to 30 June 2013 were included and analysed by linkage to data from a nationwide registry on microbiological test results.RESULTS: 78 (24.8%) revisions were culture negative, 192 (60.9%) showed monomicrobial growth and 43 (14.3%) polymicrobial growth. Staphylococcus aureus was the most frequent isolate in mono-culture in 70 (22.2%) revisions and in polymicrobial culture in 15 revisions with a total frequency of 27.0%. Only one case (1.4%) of methicillin-resistance was registered. Coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS) were frequent, sole pathogen in 65 revisions and in polymicrobial cultures in 28 revisions with a total frequency of 29.5%. A pre-operative knee aspiration was performed in 50% and preoperative blood cultures were performed in 22% of cases. In 73% of the preoperative knee-aspirations bacteriological findings were fully or partially in accordance with intraoperative cultures. In 54% of the later re-revisions due to infection (treatment-failures) the cultured species differed from or was not detected at index revision surgery.CONCLUSIONS: The 25% culture negative cases in combination with only 50% preoperative knee aspirations and prevailing high failure rates confirm the need for improvement of diagnostic practice and treatment of infected knee arthroplasties.

Over the past two decades, there has been surge of interest in research on teacher cognition in L2 education. Although a variety of issues concerning teacher cognition have been investigated, this line of inquiry has not addressed the question of how L2 teachers' cognitive development can be supported. To address this gap, the present study aims to investigate how novice L2 teachers' pedagogical knowledge base might grow as a result of expert mentoring initiatives. To this end, four novice and four experienced teachers participated in the study. The four novice teachers received a mentoring program consisting of Video-Recorded Performance Analysis, Expert-Teacher Observation and Critical Friendship initiatives offered by the experienced teachers. Sample classroom performances of novice teachers before and after the mentoring program were video-recorded; the teachers were then interviewed regarding the thought units underlying their instructional moves using stimulated recall technique. Audio-recorded recollections of their performances were then transcribed and the underlying thought units were identified and categorized. Comparisons of the pedagogical thought units underlying their performance before and after the mentoring program revealed significant differences in both the total frequency with which they produced/expressed pedagogical thought units and the relative dominance of pedagogical thought categories.

Using the modified random search method, the solution of the inverse problem of reconstructing events in the LORDlunar experiment is considered using the signal spectral analysis, where the total frequency band of 200–400 MHz is divided into four equal frequency bands. Additional information about the signal will allows one to achieve a higher accuracy in the solution of the inverse problem.

Milk provides not only the building blocks for somatic development but also the hormonal signals that contribute to the biopsychological organization of the infant. Among mammals, glucocorticoids (GCs) in mother’s milk have been associated with infant temperament. This study extended prior work to investigate rhesus monkey (Macaca mulatta) mother–infant dyads (N = 34) from birth through 8 months postpartum. Regression analysis revealed that cortisol concentrations in milk during the neonatal period predicted impulsivity on a cognitive task, but not global social behaviors, months later. During this time period, sex-differentiated social behavior emerged. For female infants, milk cortisol concentrations predicted total frequency of play. Collectively, these findings support and extend the “lactational programming” hypothesis on the impact of maternal-origin hormones ingested via milk.

Purpose: In order to enhance the goal of premedical education, we developed new clinical educational course of surgery for first-grade premedical students. Methods: In 2015, from September 4th to December 18th, the educational performance records of firstgrade premedical students were evaluated, who attended the new, optional major class Introduction to surgery for future doctors. The non-compliance score was calculated as the sum of the total frequency of absences, number of late arrivals to class, and failure to submit the pre-lecture homework. This score was correlated with students’ educational performance records. The premedical students’ feed-back about this new class was summarized. Results: Among 79 first-grade premedical students at Yonsei University College of Medicine, 43 premedical students (54.4%) chose to attend the new class. Premedical students’ individual noncompliance scores were inversely and significantly correlated to written test performance (R2=0.237, p=0.001). In survey analysis, the mean score for premedical students’ course satisfaction was 8.6. They strongly suggested this new educational course should be continued for first-grade premedical students with a mean rating of 9.1. Premedical students were very impressed and satisfied by laparoscopic surgical simulation and visiting the operating room, with ratings of 9.7 and 9.3, respectively. Conclusion: This class is the first movement to introduce the surgery to the premedical students in Yonsei University. In spite of their scanty medical knowledge, this clinical class can provide positive influence on educational motivation as premedical students. Further modification of this class is mandatory based on what we learned from this educational experience.